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Wen Y, Shen X, Shen Y. Improving immersive experiences in virtual natural setting for public health and environmental design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297986. [PMID: 38630668 PMCID: PMC11023440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of therapeutic landscapes. For hospitalized patients or individuals with limited mobility, VR provides highly personalized therapy by simulating authentic natural environments within a safe, convenient, and engaging setting. This study investigated the effectiveness of immersing patients in virtual natural environments for health recovery and compared the varying impacts of different types of landscapes on patients' recovery levels. The aim was to complement traditional medical approaches and enhance environmental design in the field of public health. Researchers systematically reviewed databases (January 2018 to August 2, 2023) to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of virtual nature immersion with other treatments. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were established based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design, and other aspects (expanded PICO) framework. The Cochrane tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the mean differences with a 95% confidence interval. Among 30 trials, a total of 2123 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 15 studies included in the meta-analysis. 30 trials met the criteria. Results show significant improvements in pain, anxiety, fear, and some physiological indicators with virtual nature-based treatments. On the other hand, natural scenes incorporating blue and green elements have been applied more extensively and have shown more significant effects. In comparison to conventional methods, this study strongly advocates that virtual reality environments are a crucial tool in bridging the gap between patients and nature, demonstrating their potential to reshape medical interventions and improve environmental design in the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkon District, Shanghai, China
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiwei Shen
- School of Architecture, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Yan Shen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkon District, Shanghai, China
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Moreau S, Thérond A, Cerda IH, Studer K, Pan A, Tharpe J, Crowther JE, Abd-Elsayed A, Gilligan C, Tolba R, Ashina S, Schatman ME, Kaye AD, Yong RJ, Robinson CL. Virtual Reality in Acute and Chronic Pain Medicine: An Updated Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024:10.1007/s11916-024-01246-2. [PMID: 38587725 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review critically analyzes the recent literature on virtual reality's (VR) use in acute and chronic pain management, offering insights into its efficacy, applications, and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies, including meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, have demonstrated VR's effectiveness in reducing pain intensity in various acute pain scenarios, such as procedural/acute pain and in chronic pain conditions. The role of factors such as immersion and presence in enhancing VR's efficacy has been emphasized. Further benefits have been identified in the use of VR for assessment as well as symptom gathering through conversational avatars. However, studies are limited, and strong conclusions will require further investigation. VR is emerging as a promising non-pharmacological intervention in pain management for acute and chronic pain. However, its long-term efficacy, particularly in chronic pain management, remains an area requiring further research. Key findings highlight that VR programs vary in efficacy depending on the specificity of the origin of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Moreau
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Thérond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec a Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H2X 3P2, Canada.
| | - Ivo H Cerda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kachina Studer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Pan
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Tharpe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jason E Crowther
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Reda Tolba
- Pain Management Department in the Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sait Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health-Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Contaifer S, Exum BJ, Wijesinghe D, Caldas LM. A Virtual Reality 360 Video to Introduce Second-Year Student Pharmacists to Sterile Compounding Prior to Course Activity. J Pharm Technol 2024; 40:59-65. [PMID: 38525090 PMCID: PMC10959084 DOI: 10.1177/87551225231220214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Virtual reality (VR) has not been used in pharmacy education when teaching sterile compounding. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the development of a VR 360 video for second-year student pharmacists. The secondary objective was to assess the VR experience, specifically on participants' knowledge and performance in sterile compounding, as well as the VR video demands and efforts. Methods: This cross-sectional, open-label randomized study developed a VR 360 video introducing sterile compounding, created with Insta360 Pro and GoPro cameras. The video creation required two individuals to record and one individual to edit for approximately 12 hours of creation time. Participants' knowledge and performance were assessed through ten knowledge questions and the class activity rubric. The NASA Task Load Index (TLX) measured the VR experience demands and efforts for the VR sterile compounding introduction. Results: Of the 98 second-year student pharmacists, 19 consented to the study with 7 in the VR group and 12 controls. Student knowledge increased from 6.33 (0.8) to 8 (1.2) for the VR group and 7 (0.7) to 8 (0.7) for the control group. Performance for the classroom activity was 23.71 (0.3) for the VR group and 22.96 (0.9) for the control group. The NASA TLX values demonstrated positive findings for the VR experience. Conclusion: With the limited study enrollment, comparative analysis between standard materials and the VR 360 video could not be determined. This article describes the creation of a VR sterile compounding 360 video with excerpts included. Future studies to compare traditional materials to VR will be completed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Contaifer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Barbara J. Exum
- Center for Compounding Practice and Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dayanjan Wijesinghe
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lauren M. Caldas
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA
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Kurki P, Korhonen M, Honkalampi K, Lahti S, Suominen AL. The use of dental anxiety management techniques during one-session treatment: a study on five video-recorded patient cases. Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 82:55-65. [PMID: 37747276 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2258957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine what kinds of dental anxiety management techniques dentists use in the context of one-session treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data consisted of videotaped treatment sessions for five dentally anxious adults. The treatment was conducted by two experienced dentists without formal training in the treatment of dentally anxious patients or behavioral management techniques. Theory-driven qualitative content analysis, based on the anxiety management classification of Milgrom et al. was used to identify and classify the techniques used during the treatments. RESULTS Altogether, diverse categories of dental anxiety management techniques were identified under the main themes of enhancing trust and control and psychological management. Techniques that fell into enhancing trust and control included the categories of 'building a trustful relationship', 'informational control', and 'behavioral control'. These techniques were used consistently throughout the sessions. Additionally, psychological management techniques were identified and classified as 'behavioral strategies: relaxing the body' and 'cognitive strategies: relaxing the mind', which were regularly used in specific situations. CONCLUSION The results indicate that a variety of dental anxiety management techniques were used during one-session treatments. The findings provide valuable insights for dentists in managing their patients with dental anxiety and improving their overall treatment experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Kurki
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija Korhonen
- Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Joensuu, University of Eastern, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Joensuu, University of Eastern, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Fan L, Zeng J, Ran L, Zhang C, Wang J, Yu C, Zhao N. Virtual reality in managing dental pain and anxiety: a comprehensive review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1285142. [PMID: 38131048 PMCID: PMC10736194 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1285142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify, analyze, and summarize the clinical efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction therapy for oral treatment in different hospital settings in contrast to medical interventions that induce anxiety and pain. Furthermore, this review aimed to determine the implications for research and clinical practice of VR distraction therapy. Data This review investigated the clinical efficacy of VR in the oral treatment of procedural pain or anxiety. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted. A narrative synthesis of the collected data was performed. Sources Literature studies from six electronic databases were searched for a comprehensive review, namely, the Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Study selection One thousand five hundred twenty-two patients aged between 0 and 60 years who used VR during dental treatment were included in this review. Among these studies, 8 and 14 studies comprised adult and pediatric patients. Conclusion Overall, the reviewed studies underscore the efficacy of VR to mitigate pain and anxiety in the context of dental treatment. VR is an innovative pain and anxiety management approach that facilitates dental treatment patients to immerse themselves in a virtual world while using distractions to reduce pain and anxiety. Clinical significance VR is an effective and novel non-pharmacological method of behavioral management that contributes to improving medication safety for dental patients. VR as a distractive approach can reduce the fear associated with medical interventions and prevent severe pain sensitivity, anxiety, and medical avoidance among adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Longkuan Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Gökçe E, Arslan S. Effects of virtual reality and acupressure interventions on pain, anxiety, vital signs and comfort in catheter extraction processes for patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2023; 29:e13176. [PMID: 37403339 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and anxiety management in patients undergoing medical and surgical procedures is an important competence area for nurses. AIM This study aimed to determine and compare the effects of virtual reality and acupressure interventions on pain, anxiety, vital signs and comfort levels in the process of femoral catheter extraction for patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS The study was a single-blind, three-group, randomized controlled trial conducted in the cardiology clinics of a university hospital in 2021. A total of 153 patients (51 virtual reality, 51 acupressure, 51 control) participated in the study. Data were collected using a Visual Analogue Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a vital signs follow-up form and the Perianesthesia Comfort Scale. RESULTS Both intervention groups had significantly lower pain and anxiety scores, as well as higher comfort scores, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The virtual reality group had lower systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and pulse rate than the control group (p < 0.05). The acupressure group had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate than the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS While neither intervention group was found to be superior to the other, both interventions improved vital signs and comfort levels by reducing pain and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Gökçe
- Vocational School of Health Services, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sevban Arslan
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Çukurova University Faculty of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
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Reynolds K, Chimoriya R, Chandio N, Tracey D, Pradhan A, Fahey P, Stormon N, Arora A. Effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments to reduce psychophysiology responses of dental anxiety and support positive behaviours in children and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:769. [PMID: 37858057 PMCID: PMC10585952 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) experience oral health inequality due to myriad of risk factors and complex needs. Sensory processing difficulties, maladaptive behaviours and dental anxiety contribute to difficulties in receiving preventive and routine dental treatments. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments (SADE) for children and young adults (up to the ages 24 years) with IDD to address cooperation and dental anxiety. METHODS This review was reported according to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE (Ovid), The Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science and OT Seeker were searched using appropriate terms to identify Randomised Control Trails (RCTs) that matched inclusion criteria. Screening was conducted by two reviewers after de-duplication based on titles and abstracts followed by full text retrieval. Quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB)-2 for crossover trials and data extracted by two reviewers. The details of the interventions and effectiveness were compared and discussed narratively, and comparable outcomes were included to meta-analyses using R software. RESULTS A total of 622 articles were identified and five articles met eligibility for inclusion. Three studies used multi-sensory adaptations and one used single sensory adaptation of music. Narrative synthesis showed some evidence of SADE reducing magnitude and duration, although, questionable for reducing the number of maladaptive behaviours. Two studies demonstrated conflicting evidence of the effect of SADE on cooperation. Three studies demonstrated significant positive impact of SADE on psychophysiological outcomes. Despite an overall tendency to favour SADE, no statistically significant difference of maladaptive behaviours was found between SADE and regular dental environment (RDE) (Standardised mean change (SMC) = 0.51; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.20 to 1.22; p = 0.161). SADE was superior to RDE (SMC -0.66; 95% CI -1.01 to -0.30; p = < 0.001) in reducing psychophysiological responses of dental anxiety. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that adapting visual, tactile, and auditory aspects of the dental environment in a single or multi-sensory approach demonstrates small positive effects on psychophysiological responses and maladaptive behaviours of dental anxiety for people with IDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The title of this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022322083).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Reynolds
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration, Auburn, NSW, 2144, Australia
| | - Navira Chandio
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Danielle Tracey
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW, 2747, Australia
| | - Archana Pradhan
- Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Nicole Stormon
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Alsakr A, Gufran K, Alqahtani AS, Alkharaan H, Abushanan A, Alnufaiy B, Alkhaldi A, Alshammari T, Alanazi M. Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Dental Anxiety in Patients Visiting Intern Dental Clinic. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1284. [PMID: 37512095 PMCID: PMC10384008 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the dental anxiety of patients using the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) questionnaire along with examining the possible relationship between dental anxiety and sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: The MDAS questionnaire was used to assess the anxiety level of the patients which included a total of five questions and five options to respond to each question. MDAS questionnaire was filled out by all the patients before the dental treatment. After finishing the treatment, all the patients were given a post-treatment questionnaire to assess their anxiety levels after treatment. Descriptive statistics were performed for measuring the frequency of responses. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the anxiety between the gender. The chi-square test was used to identify the distribution of pre-treatment with gender and post-treatment questionnaire with gender and treatment modalities. Linear regression was used to identify the association between clinical variables and different levels of anxiety. Results: A total of 115 patients including 59 males and 56 females with a mean age of 35 ± 11.34 years were included in the current study. Female patients were significantly more anxious about dental treatment compared to male patients. Linear regression showed that age and gender have a significant association with the pre-treatment anxiety level; however, types of treatment is not associated with the MDAS. Anxiety levels decreased for the majority of the patients after the treatment and types of treatment did not show any differences with the post-treatment anxiety level. Conclusions: Age and gender play an important role in dental anxiety; however, types of treatment are not associated with pre-treatment and post-treatment dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alsakr
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alkharaan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alwaleed Abushanan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Banna Alnufaiy
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkhaldi
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Alshammari
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhannad Alanazi
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Stangvaltaite-Mouhat L, Stankeviciene I, Martinussen SSS, Sabataitis V, Sandjord C, Toresen I, Tryggestad MS, Puriene A, Johnsen JAK. Web-Based Interventions Reduced Dental Anxiety among Adults in Lithuania and Norway: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3343. [PMID: 36834035 PMCID: PMC9966357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dental anxiety (DA) is a prevalent public health issue. However, there is a lack of self-administered DA interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of web-based interventions aiming to reduce DA in adults in two European countries. A pretest posttest design was used. Tailor-made websites were developed in Lithuania and Norway. Volunteers who self-reported DA were invited to participate. DA levels measured by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were assessed at baseline and after two weeks via online questionnaires. The interventions were completed by 34 participants in Lithuania and 35 participants in Norway. In Lithuania, the median posttest MDAS score (9.5, IQR 5.25) decreased compared to the median pretest MDAS score (14.5, IQR 8; Z value = -4.246, p < 0.001). The same was found in Norway-the median posttest MDAS score (12, IQR 9) was lower compared to the median pretest MDAS score (15, IQR 7; Z value = -3.818, p < 0.001). The present study demonstrated that two tailor-made web-based interventions had the potential to reduce dental anxiety levels when assessed in the short term in Lithuania and Norway. Studies with more controlled designs assessing long-term outcomes are needed to validate the results of this pilot study also in other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway, 0369 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Stankeviciene
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Vytautas Sabataitis
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Camilla Sandjord
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Ingrid Toresen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsoe, Norway
| | | | - Alina Puriene
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jan-Are Kolset Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsoe, Norway
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10
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Management of fear and anxiety in dental treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Odontology 2023; 111:20-32. [PMID: 35536282 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review was to compare the effects of interventions for the management of fear and anxiety for dental treatments. METHODS This research project was applied to PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Cochrane library databases. The last search was run on March 31st, 2021. A list of references of relevant articles and previous reviews were checked. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 20 eligible randomized controlled trials were included, and 969 participations in experimental group and 892 participations in the control group were involved. Anxiety levels decreased more in intervention groups than in control groups (Z = 3.47, P = 0.0005, SMD = - 0.62, 95% CI - 0.98 to - 0.27). For adults, there was statistical difference between experimental and control groups [Z = 2.14, P = 0.03, 95% CI - 0.54 (- 1.03, - 0.04)], while there was not no such statistical difference in children and adolescents [Z = 1.62, P = 0.11, 95% CI - 0.60 (- 1.32, 0.13)]. Patients experienced a significant decrease in anxiety level using sedation drugs [Z = 2.44, P = 0.01, 95% CI - 0.61 (- 1.10, - 0.12)] and audio-visual distractions [Z = 3.1, P = 0.002, 95% CI - 0.86 (- 1.40, - 0.32)]. For the informative intervention groups, patients did not show significant difference than control groups [Z = 1.22, P = 0.22, 95% CI - 0.55 (- 1.43, 0. 33)]. There was no statistical difference in vital signs [Z = 1.39, P = 0.16, 95% CI - 0.25 (- 0.61, 0.10)] and pain levels [Z = 0.69, P = 0.49; SMD = - 0.06, 95% CI (0.27, 0.11)] between intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Interventions should be used in managing anxiety and fear for dental treatment. It might be effective for anxiety alleviating for adults, but there was a low certainty of evidence that interventions could reduce anxiety level in children and adolescents. Sedation drugs and audio-visual distractions might be useful for managing dental fear and anxiety. Pain levels and vital signs could not be improved form our study. High-quality randomized clinical trials are required for further study.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Virtual Reality Application in Pediatric Patients. Cureus 2022; 14:e30543. [PMID: 36320795 PMCID: PMC9614389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality is a novel approach for distracting and alleviating anxiety, pain, and other complications during medical procedures, and it can be more effective than conventional methods. In virtual reality, the patient is completely immersed in the virtual environment, which is used to make patients feel more comfortable and can provide a positive prognosis. The data were searched by using the Boolean operator "AND" between the search phrases "Virtual reality," and "Pediatrics" and the relevant literature was extracted. The inclusion criteria were the free full text, randomized controlled trials, studies between 2016 and 2022 and pediatric patients. This systematic review was conducted to compare randomized controlled trials of virtual reality applications in pediatric patients in different clinical settings. Of the included 15 randomized controlled trials, 12 studies were on pain and anxiety, two on brain injury and cerebral palsy, and one on awareness among asthmatic patients. This review concluded that virtual reality exposure has a beneficial effect on pediatric patients in reducing pain and anxiety, improving muscle strength and dexterity, and awareness among asthmatic patients.
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Du Q, Ma X, Wang S, Zhou S, Luo C, Tian K, Fei W, Liu X. A digital intervention using virtual reality helmets to reduce dental anxiety of children under local anesthesia and primary teeth extraction: A randomized clinical trial. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2600. [PMID: 35485000 PMCID: PMC9226823 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavior management of children during dental treatment is an important but challenging issue. As a new technique, VR has been applied in pediatric dental anxiety. But there is no final conclusion whether VR reduces children's dental anxiety. METHODS The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of a digital intervention using virtual reality (VR) helmets on dental anxiety, pain perception, and behavior triggered for children, as well as occurrence of simulator sickness in local anesthesia and primary teeth extraction. A total of 128 children, who needed primary teeth extraction under local anesthesia, were randomly allocated into two groups: use VR helmets and traditional behavior guidance procedures (control). Modified Child Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale, Houpt Scale, and Simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) were used to assess children's dental anxiety, pain perception, and behavior triggered and occurrence of simulator sickness. RESULTS CFSS-DS score in the VR group was significantly decreased after dental treatment (34.58±6.90 before operation and 32.32±15.58 after operation, p = .02). The score of Wong Baker Scale in the VR group (3.47±0.76) was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.56±1.13, p = .015). There was no significant difference in the Houpt Behavior Scale score and the SSQ score between the VR group and the control group (p = .35, p = .305). CONCLUSION The use of VR helmets in primary teeth extraction can significantly reduce dental anxiety and pain perception in children without occurrence of simulator sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinru Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.,Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.,Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Fei
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
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Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Dentistry: Highlights from the Current Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many modern advancements have taken place in dentistry that have exponentially impacted the progress and practice of dentistry. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are becoming the trend in the practice of modern dentistry because of their impact on changing the patient’s experience. The use of AR and VR has been beneficial in different fields of science, but their use in dentistry is yet to be thoroughly explored, and conventional ways of dentistry are still practiced at large. Over the past few years, dental treatment has been significantly reshaped by technological advancements. In dentistry, the use of AR and VR systems has not become widespread, but their different uses should be explored. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an update on the contemporary knowledge, to report on the ongoing progress of AR and VR in various fields of dental medicine and education, and to identify the further research required to achieve their translation into clinical practice. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles in peer-reviewed English-language journals published in the last 10 years up to 31 March 2021, with the help of specific keywords related to AR and VR in various dental fields. Of the total of 101 articles found in the literature search, 68 abstracts were considered suitable and further evaluated, and consequently, 33 full-texts were identified. Finally, a total of 13 full-texts were excluded from further analysis, resulting in 20 articles for final inclusion. The overall number of studies included in this review was low; thus, at this point in time, scientifically-proven recommendations could not be stated. AR and VR have been found to be beneficial tools for clinical practice and for enhancing the learning experiences of students during their pre-clinical education and training sessions. Clinicians can use VR technology to show their patients the expected outcomes before the undergo dental procedures. Additionally, AR and VR can be implemented to overcome dental phobia, which is commonly experienced by pediatric patients. Future studies should focus on forming technological standards with high-quality data and developing scientifically-proven AR/VR gadgets for dental practice.
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Impact of Educational Videos on Dental Anxiety and Fear in Patients Undergoing Root Canal Treatment in Shiraz, Iran. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jcbr.5.3.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Carrillo-Diaz M, Lacomba-Trejo L, Del Valle-González A, Romero-Maroto M, González-Olmo MJ. Anxiety and facial self-contacts: possible impact on COVID-19 transmission in dental practice. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33879144 PMCID: PMC8056369 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose was to analyse the associations between dental and trait anxiety, fear of COVID-19 and the duration and frequency of spontaneous hand-to-face contact (self-contact). Methods A cross-sectional design was carried out with 128 adult patients from four dental clinics in Madrid, during the confinement, from March 15 to May 15. The patients’ movements in the waiting room were monitored with Microsoft Kinect Software, also completed the Trait anxiety subscale of the STAI, the COVID-19 Fear and the S-DAI questionnaire.
Results Associations were observed between the duration and frequency of facial, mask and eye contact with trait anxiety and dental fear was determined only by the frequency of this self-contact. Trait anxiety is associated with dental anxiety and with fear of COVID-19. Although facial self-contact is higher in women, it also rises in men as dental fear increases. Moreover, dental anxiety is a good predictor of trait anxiety and the incidence of facial self-contact. Conclusions Understanding the possible associations between biopsychosocial factors, such as trait anxiety, dental anxiety and self-contact is important. It may help to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the population as well as enabling the formulation of effective interventions to improve oral health care through the implementation of dental care programmes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01564-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carrillo-Diaz
- Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Del Valle-González
- Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González-Olmo
- Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Initially designed for the treatment of phobias, the use of virtual reality in phobic disorders has expanded to other mental health disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, psychosis, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of this review is to provide an accessible understanding of why this approach is important for future practice, given its potential to provide clinically relevant information associated with the assessment and treatment of people suffering from mental illness. Most of the evidence is available for the use of virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is hardly any evidence that virtual reality therapy is effective in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is increasing evidence that cue exposure therapy is effective in addiction and eating disorders. Studies into the use of virtual reality therapy in psychosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M G Emmelkamp
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Katharina Meyerbröker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, 3524 SH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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The Effect of Virtual Reality on Preoperative Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103151. [PMID: 33003411 PMCID: PMC7600416 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR), a technology that provides a stimulated sensory experience, has recently been implemented in various fields of medicine. Several studies have investigated the efficacy of VR on preoperative anxiety. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to validate whether VR could relieve preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing surgery. Electronic databases were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of VR on preoperative anxiety. The primary outcome was defined as the preoperative anxiety scores. We estimated the effect size using the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random effect model. Ultimately, 10 RCTs, with a total of 813 patients, were included in the final analysis. Preoperative anxiety was significantly lower in the VR group than in the control group (SMD −0.64, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.20, p = 0.004). In a subgroup analysis, the preoperative anxiety scores were lower in the VR group than in the control group in pediatric patients (SMD −0.71, 95% CI −1.14 to −0.27, p = 0.002), whereas a significant difference was not observed between the two groups in adult patients (p = 0.226). The results of this meta-analysis indicated that VR could decrease preoperative anxiety, especially in pediatric patients.
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