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Lim PN, Cervantes MM, Pham LK, Doherty S, Tufts A, Dubey D, Mai D, Aderem A, Diercks AH, Rothchild AC. Absence of c-Maf and IL-10 enables Type I IFN enhancement of innate responses to low-dose LPS in alveolar macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.594428. [PMID: 38826239 PMCID: PMC11142172 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.594428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are lower-airway resident myeloid cells and are among the first to respond to inhaled pathogens. Here, we interrogate AM innate sensing to Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and determine AMs have decreased responses to low-dose LPS compared to other macrophages, as measured by TNF, IL-6, Ifnb, and Ifit3. We find the reduced response to low-dose LPS correlates with minimal TLR4 and CD14 surface expression, despite sufficient internal expression of TLR4. Additionally, we find that AMs do not produce IL-10 in response to a variety of PAMPs due to low expression of transcription factor c-Maf and that lack of IL-10 production contributes to an enhancement of pro-inflammatory responses by Type I IFN. Our findings demonstrate that AMs have cell-intrinsic dampened responses to LPS, which is enhanced by type I IFN exposure. These data implicate conditions where AMs may have reduced or enhanced sentinel responses to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamelia N. Lim
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Maritza M. Cervantes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Linh K. Pham
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Graduate Program in Animal Biotechnology & Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Sydney Doherty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ankita Tufts
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Divya Dubey
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Dat Mai
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98019
| | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98019
| | - Alan H. Diercks
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98019
| | - Alissa C. Rothchild
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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Dorion MF, Casas D, Shlaifer I, Yaqubi M, Fleming P, Karpilovsky N, Chen CXQ, Nicouleau M, Piscopo VEC, MacDougall EJ, Alluli A, Goldsmith TM, Schneider A, Dorion S, Aprahamian N, MacDonald A, Thomas RA, Dudley RWR, Hall JA, Fon EA, Antel JP, Stratton JA, Durcan TM, La Piana R, Healy LM. An adapted protocol to derive microglia from stem cells and its application in the study of CSF1R-related disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:31. [PMID: 38576039 PMCID: PMC10996091 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iMGL) represent an excellent tool in studying microglial function in health and disease. Yet, since differentiation and survival of iMGL are highly reliant on colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling, it is difficult to use iMGL to study microglial dysfunction associated with pathogenic defects in CSF1R. METHODS Serial modifications to an existing iMGL protocol were made, including but not limited to changes in growth factor combination to drive microglial differentiation, until successful derivation of microglia-like cells from an adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) patient carrying a c.2350G > A (p.V784M) CSF1R variant. Using healthy control lines, the quality of the new iMGL protocol was validated through cell yield assessment, measurement of microglia marker expression, transcriptomic comparison to primary microglia, and evaluation of inflammatory and phagocytic activities. Similarly, molecular and functional characterization of the ALSP patient-derived iMGL was carried out in comparison to healthy control iMGL. RESULTS The newly devised protocol allowed the generation of iMGL with enhanced transcriptomic similarity to cultured primary human microglia and with higher scavenging and inflammatory competence at ~ threefold greater yield compared to the original protocol. Using this protocol, decreased CSF1R autophosphorylation and cell surface expression was observed in iMGL derived from the ALSP patient compared to those derived from healthy controls. Additionally, ALSP patient-derived iMGL presented a migratory defect accompanying a temporal reduction in purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2RY12) expression, a heightened capacity to internalize myelin, as well as heightened inflammatory response to Pam3CSK4. Poor P2RY12 expression was confirmed to be a consequence of CSF1R haploinsufficiency, as this feature was also observed following CSF1R knockdown or inhibition in mature control iMGL, and in CSF1RWT/KO and CSF1RWT/E633K iMGL compared to their respective isogenic controls. CONCLUSIONS We optimized a pre-existing iMGL protocol, generating a powerful tool to study microglial involvement in human neurological diseases. Using the optimized protocol, we have generated for the first time iMGL from an ALSP patient carrying a pathogenic CSF1R variant, with preliminary characterization pointing toward functional alterations in migratory, phagocytic and inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Dorion
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Diana Casas
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter Fleming
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nathan Karpilovsky
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carol X-Q Chen
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael Nicouleau
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Valerio E C Piscopo
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emma J MacDougall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Aeshah Alluli
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Taylor M Goldsmith
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandria Schneider
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Samuel Dorion
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1NB, Canada
| | - Nathalia Aprahamian
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Adam MacDonald
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Rhalena A Thomas
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roberta La Piana
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Sepulveda M, Rasic M, Lei YM, Kwan M, Chen L, Chen Y, Perkins D, Alegre ML. Coordinated elimination of bacterial taxa optimally attenuates alloimmunity and prolongs allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00216-8. [PMID: 38519004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to dissect the relationship between specific gut commensal bacterial subgroups, their functional metabolic pathways, and their impact on skin allograft outcome and alloimmunity. We previously showed that oral broad-spectrum antibiotic (Abx) pretreatment in mice delayed skin, heart, and lung allograft rejection and dampened alloimmune responses. Here, rationally designed Abx combinations targeting major bacterial groups were used to elucidate their individual contribution to modulating alloimmune responses. Abx cocktails targeting intestinal gram-negative, gram-positive, or anaerobic/gram-positive bacteria by oral gavage, all delayed skin allograft rejection, and reduced alloreactive T cell priming to different extents. Notably, the most pronounced extension of skin allograft survival and attenuation of alloimmunity were achieved when all gut bacterial groups were simultaneously targeted. These results suggest a model in which the strength of the alloimmune response is additively tuned up by gut microbial diversity. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing enabled strain-level resolution and identified a shared commensal, Parabacteroides distasonis, as the most enriched following all Abx treatments. Oral administration of P.distasonis to mice harboring a diverse microbiota significantly prolonged skin allograft survival, identifying a probiotic with therapeutic benefit in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sepulveda
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mladen Rasic
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuk Man Lei
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Montserrat Kwan
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luqiu Chen
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Perkins
- Department of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Sun H, Zheng X, Yang B, Yan M, Wang H, Yang S, Shi D, Guo S, Liu C. Effect of Wu Zhi San supplementation in LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier damage in broilers. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1234769. [PMID: 38111733 PMCID: PMC10725941 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1234769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation and barrier damage can inhibit the absorption and transportation of nutrients in the small intestine, and lead to various chronic diseases. Wu Zhi San (WZS) is a traditional Chinese formula composed of Schisandrae, Anemarrhenae, Lonicerae, and Glycyrrhizae that was made to cure intestinal inflammation and barrier damage in broilers. To evaluate the protective effect of WZS on intestinal inflammation and barrier damage of broilers under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress, a total of 200 one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into five groups, namely, the CON group, LPS group, and three WZS groups (WZS-H, WZS-M, and WZS-L). The groups were designed for stress phase I (days 15, 17, 19, and 21) and stress phase II (days 29, 31, 33, and 35). The protective effect of WZS on the intestinal tract was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), diamine oxidase (DAO), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and serum D-lactate (D-LA) and the expression of inflammatory factors in jejunum. The results showed that the diet supplemented with WZS could significantly reduce serum MPO, DAO, and D-LA levels and jejunal CD in broilers (p < 0.05), increase serum SOD levels and jejunal VH (p < 0.05), significantly downregulate the expression of NF-κB, TLR4, MyD88, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), and upregulate Claudin-1, Occludin-1, and ZO-1 in broiler jejunum mucosa (p < 0.05). On the other hand, WZS could significantly reduce the protein expression of NF-κB (p65) in broiler jejunum (p < 0.05). These results indicate that supplementing WZS in the diet can reduce intestinal inflammation and alleviate intestinal barrier damage, and by inhibiting the NF-κB/TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, supplementation with WZS intervenes in LPS-induced stress injury in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xirui Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingen Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Nature Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Nature Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Nature Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Nilsen KE, Zhang B, Skjesol A, Ryan L, Vagle H, Bøe MH, Orning P, Kim H, Bakke SS, Elamurugan K, Mestvedt IB, Stenvik J, Husebye H, Lien E, Espevik T, Yurchenko M. Peptide derived from SLAMF1 prevents TLR4-mediated inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302164. [PMID: 37788908 PMCID: PMC10547912 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of many diseases, and is often caused by dysregulation of signalling from pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs. Inhibition of key protein-protein interactions is an attractive target for treating inflammation. Recently, we demonstrated that the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family 1 (SLAMF1) positively regulates signalling downstream of TLR4 and identified the interaction interface between SLAMF1 and the TLR4 adaptor protein TRIF-related adapter molecule (TRAM). Based on these findings, we developed a SLAMF1-derived peptide, P7, which is linked to a cell-penetrating peptide for intracellular delivery. We found that P7 peptide inhibits the expression and secretion of IFNβ and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6) induced by TLR4, and prevents death in mice subjected to LPS shock. The mechanism of action of P7 peptide is based on interference with several intracellular protein-protein interactions, including TRAM-SLAMF1, TRAM-Rab11FIP2, and TIRAP-MyD88 interactions. Overall, P7 peptide has a unique mode of action and demonstrates high efficacy in inhibiting TLR4-mediated signalling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Elisabeth Nilsen
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Boyao Zhang
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Astrid Skjesol
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hilde Vagle
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maren Helene Bøe
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pontus Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hera Kim
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siril Skaret Bakke
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirusika Elamurugan
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingvild Bergdal Mestvedt
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Harald Husebye
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terje Espevik
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Yurchenko
- https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Li WS, Zhang QQ, Li Q, Liu SY, Yuan GQ, Pan YW. Innate immune response restarts adaptive immune response in tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260705. [PMID: 37781382 PMCID: PMC10538570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of immune response plays a crucial role in the development of diseases, including glioblastoma. It is essential to comprehend how the innate immune system detects tumors and pathogens. Endosomal and cytoplasmic sensors can identify diverse cancer cell antigens, triggering the production of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This, in turn, stimulates interferon stimulating genes, enhancing the presentation of cancer antigens, and promoting T cell recognition and destruction of cancer cells. While RNA and DNA sensing of tumors and pathogens typically involve different receptors and adapters, their interaction can activate adaptive immune response mechanisms. This review highlights the similarity in RNA and DNA sensing mechanisms in the innate immunity of both tumors and pathogens. The aim is to enhance the anti-tumor innate immune response, identify regions of the tumor that are not responsive to treatment, and explore new targets to improve the response to conventional tumor therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-shan Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qing-qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shang-yu Liu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-qiang Yuan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-wen Pan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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7
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Eggers A, Ballüer M, Mohamed BA, Nau R, Seele J. A suspension of inactivated bacteria used for vaccination against recurrent urinary tract infections increases the phagocytic activity of murine macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180785. [PMID: 37654489 PMCID: PMC10467261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections are a major cause of the consumption of antibiotics in humans. Methods We studied the effect of a vaccine (StroVac®, containing inactivated bacteria and used to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections) licensed in Germany on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phagocytosis of Escherichia (E.) coli in primary murine macrophages and the macrophage cell line J774A.1. Results StroVac® increased the release of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12/23 p40, and IL-1β and stimulated the phagocytosis of E. coli in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was independent of LPS as shown by the use of macrophages isolated from LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice. At concentrations up to 30 mg/l it was not toxic to bacteria or eukaryotic cells. Conclusion StroVac® does not only act via the adaptive but also by stimulating the innate immune system. This stimulation may help to build trained innate immunity against bacterial pathogens involved in recurrent urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Eggers
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Ballüer
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Belal A. Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Seele
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Stante M, Weiland-Bräuer N, Repnik U, Werner A, Bramkamp M, Chibani CM, Schmitz RA. Four Novel Caudoviricetes Bacteriophages Isolated from Baltic Sea Water Infect Colonizers of Aurelia aurita. Viruses 2023; 15:1525. [PMID: 37515211 PMCID: PMC10383413 DOI: 10.3390/v15071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita is associated with a highly diverse microbiota changing with provenance, tissue, and life stage. While the crucial relevance of bacteria to host fitness is well known, bacteriophages have often been neglected. Here, we aimed to isolate virulent phages targeting bacteria that are part of the A. aurita-associated microbiota. Four phages (Pseudomonas phage BSwM KMM1, Citrobacter phages BSwM KMM2-BSwM KMM4) were isolated from the Baltic Sea water column and characterized. Phages KMM2/3/4 infected representatives of Citrobacter, Shigella, and Escherichia (Enterobacteriaceae), whereas KMM1 showed a remarkably broad host range, infecting Gram-negative Pseudomonas as well as Gram-positive Staphylococcus. All phages showed an up to 99% adsorption to host cells within 5 min, short latent periods (around 30 min), large burst sizes (mean of 128 pfu/cell), and high efficiency of plating (EOP > 0.5), demonstrating decent virulence, efficiency, and infectivity. Transmission electron microscopy and viral genome analysis revealed that all phages are novel species and belong to the class of Caudoviricetes harboring a tail and linear double-stranded DNA (formerly known as Siphovirus-like (KMM3) and Myovirus-like (KMM1/2/4) bacteriophages) with genome sizes between 50 and 138 kbp. In the future, these isolates will allow manipulation of the A. aurita-associated microbiota and provide new insights into phage impact on the multicellular host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Stante
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy Facility, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Almut Werner
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
- Central Microscopy Facility, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Cynthia M. Chibani
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
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9
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Taban Q, Ahmad SM, Mumtaz PT, Bhat B, Haq E, Magray S, Saleem S, Shabir N, Muhee A, Kashoo ZA, Zargar MH, Malik AA, Ganai NA, Shah RA. Scavenger receptor B1 facilitates the endocytosis of Escherichia coli via TLR4 signaling in mammary gland infection. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:3. [PMID: 36604713 PMCID: PMC9813905 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SCARB1 belongs to class B of Scavenger receptors (SRs) that are known to be involved in binding and endocytosis of various pathogens. SRs have emerging role in regulating innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions by acting in co-ordination with Toll-like receptors.Query Little is known about the function of SCARB1 in milk-derived mammary epithelial cells (MECs). This study reports the role of SCARB1 in infection and its potential association in TLR4 signaling on bacterial challenge in Goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). The novelty in the establishment of MEC culture lies in the method that aims to enhance the viability of the cells with intact characteristics upto a higher passage number. We represent MEC culture to be used as a potential infection model for deeper understanding of animal physiology especially around the mammary gland. On E.coli challenge the expression of SCARB1 was significant in induced GMECs at 6 h. Endoribonuclease-esiRNA based silencing of SCARB1 affects the expression of TLR4 and its pathways i.e. MyD88 and TRIF pathways on infection. Knockdown also affected the endocytosis of E.coli in GMECs demonstrating that E.coli uses SCARB1 function to gain entry in cells. Furthermore, we predict 3 unique protein structures of uncharacterized SCARB1 (Capra hircus) protein. Overall, we highlight SCARB1 as a main participant in host defence and its function in antibacterial advances to check mammary gland infections. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Taban
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India ,grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Basharat Bhat
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Suhail Magray
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Sahar Saleem
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Amatul Muhee
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Zahid Amin Kashoo
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Mahrukh Hameed Zargar
- grid.414739.c0000 0001 0174 2901Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Abrar A. Malik
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Nazir A. Ganai
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Riaz A. Shah
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
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Qu M, Zhu H, Zhang X. Extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization in bacterial infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1039040. [PMID: 36619996 PMCID: PMC9815515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-enveloped vesicles secreted by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which are commonly defined as membrane vesicles (MVs) and exosomes, respectively. They play critical roles in the bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. In infectious diseases caused by bacteria, as the first line of defense against pathogens, the macrophage polarization mode commonly determines the success or failure of the host's response to pathogen aggression. M1-type macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory factors that support microbicidal activity, while alternative M2-type macrophages secrete anti-inflammatory factors that perform an antimicrobial immune response but partially allow pathogens to replicate and survive intracellularly. Membrane vesicles (MVs) released from bacteria as a distinctive secretion system can carry various components, including bacterial effectors, nucleic acids, or lipids to modulate macrophage polarization in host-pathogen interaction. Similar to MVs, bacteria-infected macrophages can secrete exosomes containing a variety of components to manipulate the phenotypic polarization of "bystander" macrophages nearby or long distance to differentiate into type M1 or M2 to regulate the course of inflammation. Exosomes can also repair tissue damage associated with the infection by upregulating the levels of anti-inflammatory factors, downregulating the pro-inflammatory factors, and regulating cellular biological behaviors. The study of the mechanisms by which EVs modulate macrophage polarization has opened new frontiers in delineating the molecular machinery involved in bacterial pathogenesis and challenges in providing new strategies for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China,Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Xingxiao Zhang, ✉
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11
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Johnston JD, Cowger AE, Weber KS. Bioaerosol and microbial exposures from residential evaporative coolers and their potential health outcomes: A review. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13082. [PMID: 36168234 PMCID: PMC9826010 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative cooling is an energy efficient form of air conditioning in dry climates that functions by pulling hot, dry outdoor air across a wet evaporative pad. While evaporative coolers can help save energy, they also have the potential to influence human health. Studies have shown residential evaporative coolers may pull outdoor air pollutants into the home or contribute to elevated levels of indoor bioaerosols that may be harmful to health. There is also evidence that evaporative coolers can enable a diverse microbial environment that may confer early-life immunological protection against the development of allergies and asthma or exacerbate these same hypersensitivities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of bioaerosol and microbiological studies associated with evaporative coolers, focusing on harmful and potentially helpful outcomes from their use. We evaluate the effects of evaporative coolers on indoor bacterial endotoxins, fungal β-(1 → 3)-D-glucans, dust mite antigens, residential microbial communities, and Legionella pneumophila. To our knowledge, this is the first review to summarize and evaluate studies on the influence that evaporative coolers have on the bioaerosol and microbiological profile of homes. This brings to light a gap in the literature on evaporative coolers, which is the lack of data on health effects associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
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12
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ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN DEPRESSION: UNDERSTANDING MOLECULAR PATHWAYS, RECENT RESEARCH, AND FUTURE DIRECTION. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114081. [PMID: 36037843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, also known as the "second brain" in humans because of the regulatory role it has on the central nervous system via neuronal, chemical and immune pathways. It has been proven that there exists a bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Increasing evidence supports that this crosstalk is linked to the etiology and treatment of depression. Reports suggest that the gut microbiota control the host epigenetic machinery in depression and gut dysbiosis causes negative epigenetic modifications via mechanisms like histone acetylation, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA mediated gene inhibition. The gut microbiome can be a promising approach for the management of depression. The diet and dietary metabolites like kynurenine, tryptophan, and propionic acid also greatly influence the microbiome composition and thereby, the physiological activities. This review gives a bird-eye view on the pathological updates and currently used treatment approaches targeting the gut microbiota in depression.
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13
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Ault-Seay TB, Payton RR, Moorey SE, Pohler KG, Schrick FN, Shepherd EA, Voy BH, Lamour KH, Mathew DJ, Myer PR, McLean KJ. Endometrial gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide between estrous cycle phases and uterine horns in cattle. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.939876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine bacterial community abundances shift throughout the estrous cycle, potentially altering the immunological environment of the uterus and impacting subsequent fertility. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the immunological impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a model for potentially pathogenic bacteria, throughout the uterine endometrium between the luteal and follicular phase of the estrous cycle. Bovine uterine tracts were harvested in mid-luteal (n = 7) or follicular (n = 7) phase. Explants were collected from the contralateral and ipsilateral horn relative to the dominant follicle or corpus luteum, then subjected to one of three treatments: uncultured control, cultured control, or cultured with LPS (1 µg/mL). Explants underwent RNA extraction and targeted RNA sequencing for expression analyses of 40 immune response related genes. Sequencing reads were mapped to Bos taurus genome in CLC Genomics Workbench. Resulting total read counts were normalized by housekeeping gene GAPDH and analyzed for overall expression profile by Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) analyses in Metaboanalyst. Individual gene expression differences were determined by GLIMMIX procedure in SAS with fixed effects of treatment, estrous phase, uterine horn, and their interaction, with random effect of individual uterus. Expression of 29 genes were affected among treatment groups, with seven genes increased in LPS treatment compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Multiple genes were affected by estrous phase and uterine horn, independent of treatment (P < 0.05). The OPLS-DA analyses indicated overall gene expression differences due to clustering by estrous cycle and treatment (P < 0.001), with no effect of uterine horn (P > 0.10). Similar clustering was observed between luteal and follicular phase explants of controls, but distinct separate clustering between phases with LPS treatment (P = 0.001). According to VIP analyses, mucins were identified as contributing the most to differences observed between phase and treatment. In conclusion, estrous cycle phase resulted in differing overall endometrial gene expression profiles of immune response to LPS treatment. Therefore, altered immunological environment of the uterus in response to bacteria at different estrous cycle stages may lead to differences in reproductive success.
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14
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Wang Q, Li X, Tang W, Guan X, Xiong Z, Zhu Y, Gong J, Hu B. Differential Gene Sets Profiling in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:801232. [PMID: 35223539 PMCID: PMC8863667 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.801232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The host response to bacterial sepsis is reported to be nonspecific regardless of the causative pathogen. However, newer paradigms indicated that the host response of Gram-negative sepsis may be different from Gram-positive sepsis, and the difference has not been clearly clarified. The current study aimed to explore the difference by identifying the differential gene sets using the genome-wide technique. Methods The training dataset GSE6535 and the validation dataset GSE13015 were used for bioinformatics analysis. The distinct gene sets of sepsis with different infections were screened using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The intersection gene sets based on the two algorithms were confirmed through Venn analysis. Finally, the common gene sets between GSE6535 and GSE13015 were determined by GSEA. Results Two immunological gene sets in GSE6535 were identified based on GSVA, which could be used to discriminate sepsis caused by Gram-positive, Gram-negative, or mixed infection. A total of 19 gene sets were obtained in GSE6535 through Venn analysis based on GSVA and GSEA, which revealed the heterogeneity of Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis at the molecular level. The result was also verified by analysis of the validation set GSE13015, and 40 common differential gene sets were identified between dataset GSE13015 and dataset GSE6535 by GSEA. Conclusions The identified differential gene sets indicated that host response may differ dramatically depending on the inciting organism. The findings offer new insight to investigate the pathophysiology of bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Tang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiao Gong, ; Bo Hu,
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiao Gong, ; Bo Hu,
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15
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Xu HG, Tian M, Pan SY. Clinical utility of procalcitonin and its association with pathogenic microorganisms. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:93-111. [PMID: 34663176 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1988047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the relationship of PCT with pathogens, evaluate the clinical utility of PCT in the diagnosis of clinical diseases, condition monitoring and evaluation, and guiding medical decision-making, and explore current knowledge on the mechanisms by which pathogens cause changes in PCT levels. The lipopolysaccharides of the microorganisms stimulate cytokine production in host cells, which in turn stimulates production of serum PCT. Pathogens have different virulence mechanisms that lead to variable host inflammatory responses, and differences in the specific signal transduction pathways result in variable serum PCT concentrations. The mechanisms of signal transduction have not been fully elucidated. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the PCT fluctuation range of each pathogen. PCT levels are helpful in distinguishing between certain pathogens, in deciding if antibiotics are indicated, and in monitoring response to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Yang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Niu D, Huang Q, Yang F, Tian W, Li C, Ding L, Fang HC, Zhao Y. Serum biomarkers to differentiate Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fungal infection in febrile patients. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34259621 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Contamination of specimens and overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics contribute to false positives and false negatives, respectively. Therefore, useful and applicable biomarkers of bacteremia are still required.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. IL-6 can be used as a serum biomarker to discriminate among bacterial infections and fungal infections in febrile patients with a bloodstream infection.Aim. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in discriminating Gram-negative (G-) bacteria from Gram-positive (G+) bacteria and fungi in febrile patients.Methodology. A total of 567 patients with fever were evaluated. Serum levels of IL-6, PCT, NLR and CRP were compared among a G- group (n=188), a G+ group (n=168), a fungal group (n=38) and a culture negative group (n=173). Sensitivity, specificity, Yuden's index and area under the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were obtained to analyse the diagnostic abilities of these biomarkers in discriminating bloodstream infection caused by different pathogens.Results. Serum IL-6 and PCT in the G- group increased significantly when compared with both the G+ group and fungal group (P <0.05). AUC of IL-6 (0.767, 95 % CI:0.725-0.805) is higher than AUC of PCT (0.751, 95 % CI:0.708-0.796) in discriminating the G- group from G+ group. When discriminating the G- group from fungal group, the AUC of IL-6 (0.695, 95 % CI:0.651-0.747) with a cut-off value of 464.3 pg ml-1 was also higher than the AUC of PCT (0.630, 95 % CI:0.585-0.688) with a cut-off value of 0.68 ng ml-1. Additionally, AUC of NLR (0.685, 95 % CI:0.646-0.727) in discriminating the fungal group from G+ group at the cut-off value of 9.03, was higher than AUC of IL-6, PCT and CRP.Conclusion. This study suggests that IL-6 could be used as a serum biomarker to discriminate among bacterial infections and fungal infections in febrile patients with a bloodstream infection. In addition, NLR is valuable to discriminate fungal infections from Gram-positive infections in febrile patients with a bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguang Niu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Hai'er road 59 Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Oncology Department, Xintai people's Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lian'an Ding
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Hai'er road 59 Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, PR China
| | - Hong-Chun Fang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Hai'er road 59 Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, PR China
| | - Yunzhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zandstra J, Jongerius I, Kuijpers TW. Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631308. [PMID: 34079538 PMCID: PMC8165271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile patients, suffering from an infection, inflammatory disease or autoimmunity may present with similar or overlapping clinical symptoms, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help physicians form a correct diagnosis and initiate the right treatment to improve patient outcomes following first presentation or admittance to hospital. Here, we review the landscape of novel biomarkers and approaches of biomarker discovery. We first discuss the use of current plasma parameters and whole blood biomarkers, including results obtained by RNA profiling and mass spectrometry, to discriminate between bacterial and viral infections. Next we expand upon the use of biomarkers to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious disease. Finally, we discuss the strengths as well as the potential pitfalls of current developments. We conclude that the use of combination tests, using either protein markers or transcriptomic analysis, have advanced considerably and should be further explored to improve current diagnostics regarding febrile infections and inflammation. If proven effective when combined, these biomarker signatures will greatly accelerate early and tailored treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Zandstra
- Division Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Division Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Jeljeli M, Riccio LGC, Chouzenoux S, Moresi F, Toullec L, Doridot L, Nicco C, Bourdon M, Marcellin L, Santulli P, Abrão MS, Chapron C, Batteux F. Macrophage Immune Memory Controls Endometriosis in Mice and Humans. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108325. [PMID: 33147452 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a frequent, chronic, inflammatory gynecological disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue causing pain and infertility. Macrophages have a central role in lesion establishment and maintenance by driving chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Macrophages can be reprogrammed to acquire memory-like characteristics after antigenic challenge to reinforce or inhibit a subsequent immune response, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity." Here, whereas bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) training enhances the lesion growth in a mice model of endometriosis, tolerization with repeated low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPSlow) or adoptive transfer of LPSlow-tolerized macrophages elicits a suppressor effect. LPSlow-tolerized human macrophages mitigate the fibro-inflammatory phenotype of endometriotic cells in an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent manner. A history of severe Gram-negative infection is associated with reduced infertility duration and alleviated symptoms, in contrast to patients with Gram-positive infection history. Thus, the manipulation of innate immune memory may be effective in dampening hyper-inflammatory conditions, opening the way to promising therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jeljeli
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Service d'immunologie biologique, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Luiza G C Riccio
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Moresi
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurie Toullec
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bourdon
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pietro Santulli
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mauricio S Abrão
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Charles Chapron
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Service d'immunologie biologique, 75014 Paris, France.
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19
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Zhang P, Nguyen J, Abdulla F, Nelson AT, Beckman JD, Vercellotti GM, Belcher JD. Soluble MD-2 and Heme in Sickle Cell Disease Plasma Promote Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632709. [PMID: 33841413 PMCID: PMC8033004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that hemolysis in sickle cell disease (SCD) promotes inflammation via innate immune signaling through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Free heme released by hemolyzed red blood cells can bind to myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) and activate TLR4 pro-inflammatory signaling on endothelium to promote vaso-occlusion and acute chest syndrome in murine models of SCD. MD-2 is co-expressed with TLR4 on cell membranes, but in inflammatory conditions, soluble MD-2 (sMD-2) is elevated in plasma. sMD-2 levels were significantly increased in human and murine sickle (SS) plasma as compared to normal (AA) plasma. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human lung microvascular endothelial cells incubated with human SS plasma had significant increases in pro-inflammatory IL-8, IL-6, and soluble VCAM-1 secretion compared to endothelial cells incubated with AA plasma. The increase in HUVEC IL-8 secretion was blocked by depletion of sMD-2 from SS plasma and enhanced by the addition of sMD-2 to AA plasma. The TLR4 signaling inhibitor, TAK-242, inhibited HUVEC IL-8 secretion in response to SS plasma by 85%. Heme-agarose pull-down assays and UV/Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that heme binds to sMD-2. Hemopexin, a high affinity heme-binding protein, inhibited HUVEC IL-8 secretion induced by SS plasma or SS and AA plasma supplemented with sMD-2. These data suggest that sMD-2 bound to heme might play an important role in pro-inflammatory signaling by endothelium in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Fuad Abdulla
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alexander T Nelson
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joan D Beckman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John D Belcher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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20
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The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249695. [PMID: 33353206 PMCID: PMC7766945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection.
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21
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Mellergaard M, Høgh RI, Lund A, Aldana BI, Guérillot R, Møller SH, Hayes AS, Panagiotopoulou N, Frimand Z, Jepsen SD, Hansen CHF, Andresen L, Larsen AR, Peleg AY, Stinear TP, Howden BP, Waagepetersen HS, Frees D, Skov S. Staphylococcus aureus induces cell-surface expression of immune stimulatory NKG2D ligands on human monocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11803-11821. [PMID: 32605922 PMCID: PMC7450114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is among the leading causes of bacterial infections worldwide. The pathogenicity and establishment of S. aureus infections are tightly linked to its ability to modulate host immunity. Persistent infections are often associated with mutant staphylococcal strains that have decreased susceptibility to antibiotics; however, little is known about how these mutations influence bacterial interaction with the host immune system. Here, we discovered that clinical S. aureus isolates activate human monocytes, leading to cell-surface expression of immune stimulatory natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) ligands on the monocytes. We found that expression of the NKG2D ligand ULBP2 (UL16-binding protein 2) is associated with bacterial degradability and phagolysosomal activity. Moreover, S. aureus-induced ULBP2 expression was linked to altered host cell metabolism, including increased cytoplasmic (iso)citrate levels, reduced glycolytic flux, and functional mitochondrial activity. Interestingly, we found that the ability of S. aureus to induce ULBP2 and proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes depends on a functional ClpP protease in S. aureus These findings indicate that S. aureus activates ULBP2 in human monocytes through immunometabolic mechanisms and reveal that clpP inactivation may function as a potential immune evasion mechanism. Our results provide critical insight into the interplay between the host immune system and S. aureus that has evolved under the dual selective pressure of host immune responses and antibiotic treatment. Our discovery of an immune stimulatory pathway consisting of human monocyte-based defense against S. aureus suggests that targeting the NKG2D pathway holds potential for managing persistent staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken Mellergaard
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Illum Høgh
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Lund
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofie Hedlund Møller
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashleigh S Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nafsika Panagiotopoulou
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zofija Frimand
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Dam Jepsen
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Andresen
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- Statens Serum Institut, Microbiology and Infection Control, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Frees
- Food Safety and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Baien SH, Seele J, Henneck T, Freibrodt C, Szura G, Moubasher H, Nau R, Brogden G, Mörgelin M, Singh M, Kietzmann M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de Buhr N. Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effect of Gum Arabic on Human and Bovine Granulocytes Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3119. [PMID: 32082302 PMCID: PMC7005937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gum arabic (GA) is a traditional herbal medicine from Acacia Senegal (L.) Willdenow trees, which consist of a complex mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. It is used in daily applications for several diseases and is considered to protect against bacterial infections. The detailed mechanisms behind these observations are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the direct antibacterial activity of GA water and ethanol extracts against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus or Escherichia (E.) coli and the immunomodulating properties of those extracts on granulocytes as a first line of defense against bacteria. Firstly, the direct antimicrobial effect of GA was tested on three different S. aureus strains and two E. coli strains. The growth of bacteria was analyzed in the presence of different GA concentrations over time. GA water as well as ethanol extracts showed a significant growth inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner in the case of S. aureus Newman, S. aureus Rd5, and E. coli 25922, but not in the case of S. aureus USA300 and E. coli K1. Transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed an antibacterial effect of GA on the bacteria. Secondly, the immunomodulatory effect of GA on the antimicrobial activity of bovine or human blood-derived granulocytes was evaluated. Interestingly, water and ethanol extracts enhanced antimicrobial activity of granulocytes by the induction of intracellular ROS production. In line with these data, GA increased the phagocytosis rate of E. coli. No effect was seen on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation that mediates killing of extracellular bacteria such as S. aureus. In conclusion, we show that GA exhibits a direct antibacterial effect against some S. aureus and E. coli strains. Furthermore, GA boosts the antimicrobial activities of granulocytes and increases intracellular ROS production, which may lead to more phagocytosis and intracellular killing. These data might explain the described putative antimicrobial activity of GA used in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Hassan Baien
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jana Seele
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Henneck
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christin Freibrodt
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - György Szura
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Hani Moubasher
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roland Nau
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics, GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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23
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Liang X, Liu T, Zhang Z, Yu Z. Airway Inflammation Biomarker for Precise Management of Neutrophil-Predominant COPD. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2204:181-191. [PMID: 32710325 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0904-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) course can be divided into stable stage and acute exacerbation. Deepen the understanding to the function and role of airway inflammatory cells in stable COPD is important for developing new therapies to restore airway dysfunction and preventing stable stage COPD progress to acute exacerbation COPD. Neutrophil is a feature of lower airways and lung inflammation in majority COPD patients at stable stage and increased neutrophils usually means COPD patients are in a more serious stage. Neutrophil-predominant COPD always accompanied by increased numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. The composition proportion of different inflammatory cells are changed with disease severity. Recently, neutrophilic inflammation has been proved to be correlated with the disturbance of airway resident microbiota, which promote neutrophil influx and exacerbates inflammation. Consequently, understanding the details of increased neutrophils and dysbacteriosis in COPD is necessary for making precise management strategy against neutrophil-associated COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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24
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Vinaik R, Barayan D, Shahrokhi S, Jeschke MG. Management and prevention of drug resistant infections in burn patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:607-619. [PMID: 31353976 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1648208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite modern advances, the primary cause of death after burns remains infection and sepsis. A key factor in determining outcomes is colonization with multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms. Infections secondary to MDR organisms are challenging due to lack of adequate antibiotic treatment, subsequently prolonging hospital stay and increasing risk of adverse outcomes. Areas covered: This review highlights the most frequent organisms colonizing burn wounds as well as the most common MDR bacterial infections. Additionally, we discuss different treatment modalities and MDR infection prevention strategies as their appropriate management would minimize morbidity and mortality in this population. We conducted a search for articles on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and UpToDate with applied search strategies including a combination of: "burns, 'thermal injury,' 'infections,' 'sepsis,' 'drug resistance,' and 'antimicrobials.' Expert opinion: Management and prevention of MDR infections in burns is an ongoing challenge. We highlight the importance of preventative over therapeutic strategies, which are easy to implement and cost-effective. Additionally, targeted, limited use of antimicrobials can be beneficial in burn patients. A promising future area of investigation within this field is post-trauma microbiome profiling. Currently, the best treatment strategy for MDR in burn patients is prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Vinaik
- a Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Canada
| | | | - Shahriar Shahrokhi
- b Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,c Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- a Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Canada.,b Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,c Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , Canada.,d Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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25
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Bassetti M, Russo A, Righi E, Dolso E, Merelli M, D'Aurizio F, Sartor A, Curcio F. Role of procalcitonin in predicting etiology in bacteremic patients: Report from a large single-center experience. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:40-45. [PMID: 31248812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procalcitonin (PCT) is routinely used for an early recognition of severe infections and for promoting appropriate use of antibiotics. However, limited data correlating values of PCT with etiology of infection has been reported. METHODS During 2016, all positive blood cultures (BC) were retrospectively extracted in a 1100-beds Italian tertiary-care hospital. PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) values were recorded within 24h from BC collection. Primary endpoint of the study was to investigate the correlation between PCT and CRP values and the occurrence of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by bacteria or fungi. RESULTS During the study period, 1296 positive BC were included: 712 (54.9%) due to Gram-positive (GP), 525 (40.5%) due to Gram-negative (GN) strains, and 59 (4.6%) caused by fungi. Among GN isolates, enterobacteriaceae were reported in 453 (86.3%) cases. PCT values were higher in patients with GN etiology (26.1±14.2ng/mL) compared to GP (6.9±4.5) and fungi (3.3±2.4). Mean values for CRP in GN, GP, and fungi were not different. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves showed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.71 for PCT and 0.51 for CRP among GN isolates; an AUC of 0.7 for PCT and 0.52 for CRP among enterobacteriaceae. Lower AUC for PCT were reported for GP and fungi. CONCLUSIONS PCT showed moderate performance in early detection (within 24h) of Gram-negative infections, especially those caused by enterobacteriaceae. Further prospective studies are mandatory to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Elda Righi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dolso
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Merelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica D'Aurizio
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Assunta Sartor
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
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26
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Moen SH, Ehrnström B, Kojen JF, Yurchenko M, Beckwith KS, Afset JE, Damås JK, Hu Z, Yin H, Espevik T, Stenvik J. Human Toll-like Receptor 8 (TLR8) Is an Important Sensor of Pyogenic Bacteria, and Is Attenuated by Cell Surface TLR Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1209. [PMID: 31214180 PMCID: PMC6554558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR8 is an endosomal sensor of RNA degradation products in human phagocytes, and is involved in the recognition of viral and bacterial pathogens. We previously showed that in human primary monocytes and monocyte derived macrophages, TLR8 senses entire Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS), resulting in the activation of IRF5 and production of IFNβ, IL-12p70, and TNF. However, the quantitative and qualitative impact of TLR8 for the sensing of bacteria have remained unclear because selective inhibitors have been unavailable. Moreover, while we have shown that TLR2 activation attenuates TLR8-IRF5 signaling, the molecular mechanism of this crosstalk is unknown. We here used a recently developed chemical antagonist of TLR8 to determine its role in human primary monocytes challenged with S. aureus, GBS, Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli. The inhibitor completely blocked cytokine production in monocytes stimulated with TLR8-agonists, but not TLR2-, and TLR4-agonists. Upon challenge with S. aureus, GBS, and S. pneumonia, the TLR8 inhibitor almost eliminated the production of IL-1β and IL-12p70, and it strongly reduced the release of IL-6, TNF, and IL-10. With P. aeruginosa infection, the TLR8 inhibitor impaired the production of IL-12p70 and IL-1β, while with E. coli infection the inhibitor had less effect that varied depending on the strain and conditions. Signaling via TLR2, TLR4, or TLR5, but not TLR8, rapidly eliminated IRAK-1 detection by immunoblotting due to IRAK-1 modifications during activation. Silencing of IRAK-1 reduced the induction of IFNβ and TNF by TLR8 activation, suggesting that IRAK-1 is required for TLR8-IRF5 signaling. The TLR-induced modifications of IRAK-1 also correlated closely with attenuation of TLR8-IRF5 activation, suggesting that sequestration and/or modification of Myddosome components by cell surface TLRs limit the function of TLR8. Accordingly, inhibition of CD14- and TLR4-activation during E. coli challenge increased the activation of IRF5 and the production of IL-1β and IL-12p70. We conclude that TLR8 is a dominating sensor of several species of pyogenic bacteria in human monocytes, while some bacteria attenuate TLR8-signaling via cell surface TLR- activation. Taken together, TLR8 appears as a more important sensor in the antibacterial defense system than previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv H Moen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Birgitta Ehrnström
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - June F Kojen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mariia Yurchenko
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kai S Beckwith
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan E Afset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan K Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zhenyi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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27
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Rosignoli C, Thibaut de Ménonville S, Orfila D, Béal M, Bertino B, Aubert J, Mercenier A, Piwnica D. A topical treatment containing heat-treated Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 reduces Staphylococcus aureus adhesion and induces antimicrobial peptide expression in an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis model. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:358-365. [PMID: 29380443 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonization is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). AD patients exhibit reduced levels of cutaneous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which may explain their increased susceptibility to infections. Using an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model, we sought to determine whether topical application of a non-replicating probiotic, heat-treated Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 (HT La1), could inhibit S. aureus adhesion to skin and boost cutaneous innate immunity. We found that application of HT La1 suspension to RHE samples reduced the binding of radiolabelled S. aureus by up to 74%. To investigate a potential effect of HT La1 on innate immunity, we analysed the expression of nine AMP genes, including those encoding beta defensins and S100 proteins, following topical application of HT La1 in suspension or in a daily moisturizer lotion. Analysed genes were induced by up to fourfold in a dose-dependent manner by HT La1 in suspension and by up to 2.4-fold by HT La1 in the moisturizer lotion. Finally, using ELISA and immunohistochemical detection, we evaluated the expression and secretion of the AMPs hBD-2 and psoriasin and determined that both proteins were induced by topical HT La1, particularly in the stratum corneum of the RHE. These findings demonstrate that a topically applied, non-replicating probiotic can modulate endogenous AMP expression and inhibit binding of S. aureus to an RHE model in vitro. Moreover, they suggest that a topical formulation containing HT La1 could benefit atopic skin by enhancing cutaneous innate immunity and reducing S. aureus colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Méline Béal
- Nestlé Skin Health Galderma -R&D, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Jérôme Aubert
- Nestlé Skin Health Galderma -R&D, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - David Piwnica
- Nestlé Skin Health Galderma -R&D, Sophia Antipolis, France
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28
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Øya E, Becher R, Ekeren L, Afanou AKJ, Øvrevik J, Holme JA. Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Induced by Spores and Hyphal Fragments of Common Damp Indoor Molds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16061085. [PMID: 30917597 PMCID: PMC6466608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Damp indoor environments contaminated with different mold species may contribute to the development and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to X-ray treated spores and hyphal fragments from pure cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor and Stachybotrys chartarum. Hyphal fragments of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum induced expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the chemokine IL-8, while none of the other hyphal preparations had effects. Hyphal fragments from A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum also increased the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but these cytokines were not released. X-ray treated spores had little or no inflammatory potential. Attenuating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 by blocking antibodies strongly reduced the A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum hyphae-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release, whereas TLR4 antagonist treatment was without effects. Untreated A. fumigatus spores formed hyphae and triggered expression of pro-inflammatory genes with similarities to the effects of hyphal fragments. In conclusion, while X-ray treated spores induced no pro-inflammatory responses, hyphal fragments of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum enhanced a TLR2-dependent expression and release of IL-6 and IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Øya
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rune Becher
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leni Ekeren
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anani K J Afanou
- Department for the Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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29
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Luo X, Chen S, Zhang J, Ren J, Chen M, Lin K, Zhu H, Zheng R, Zheng Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Yang T. Procalcitonin as a marker of Gram-negative bloodstream infections in hematological patients with febrile neutropenia. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:2441-2448. [PMID: 30806111 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1581928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of procalcitonin (PCT) in Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hematological patients with febrile neutropenia. A total of 1466 samples (396 blood culture (BC)-positive, 1052 BC-negative, and 18 contaminated specimens) were included, comprising 268 Gram-negative, 88 Gram-positive, 19 fungal, and 21 polymicrobial BSIs. Median PCT value (0.72 ng/mL; IQR: 0.23-3.87) was significantly higher in Gram-negative than Gram-positive (0.34 ng/mL; IQR: 0.14-2.23; p < .01), or fungal (0.27 ng/mL; IQR: 0.13-0.40; p < .01) BSIs. In mono-microbial BSIs, the best PCT cutoff distinguishing Gram-negative BSIs from all other fever causes was 0.56 ng/ml, with a specificity of 76.8%. PCT levels were significantly higher in BSIs from multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative strains than from non-MDR (p < .01). This study confirms that elevated PCT may predict Gram-negative BSIs in hematological patients with febrile neutropenia, and demonstrates higher PCT levels in MDR Gram-negative BSIs in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Luo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Shaozhen Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Laboratory Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jinhua Ren
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Kangni Lin
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhizhe Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Ting Yang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
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30
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Grahnert A, Weiss R, Schilling E, Stanslowsky N, Sack U, Hauschildt S. CD14 Counterregulates Lipopolysacharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production in a Macrophage Subset. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:359-374. [PMID: 30654377 DOI: 10.1159/000495528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to GM-CSF or M-CSF, macrophages (MΦ) can acquire pro- or anti-inflammatory properties, respectively. Given the importance of CD14 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signaling, we studied the effect of anti-CD14 antibody mediated CD14 blockade on LPS-induced cytokine production, signal transduction and on the expression levels of CD14 and TLR4 in GM-MΦ and M-MΦ. We found M-MΦ to express higher levels of both surface antigens and to produce more interferon (IFN)-β and interleukin-10, but less tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α than GM-MΦ. Blockage of CD14 at high LPS concentrations increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased that of IFN-β in M-MΦ but not in GM-MΦ. We show that phosphorylation states of signaling molecules of the MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88), TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways are not altered in any way that would account for the cytokine overshoot reaction. However, CD14 blockage in M-MΦ decreased TLR4 and CD14 expression levels, regardless of the presence of LPS, indicating that the loss of the surface molecules prevented LPS from initiating TRIF signaling. As TNF-α synthesis was even upregulated under these experimental conditions, we suggest that TRIF is normally involved in restricting LPS-induced TNF-α overproduction. Thus, surface CD14 plays a decisive role in the biological response by determining LPS-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Grahnert
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Weiss
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Schilling
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Bassetti M, Russo A, Righi E, Dolso E, Merelli M, D’Aurizio F, Sartor A, Curcio F. Role of procalcitonin in bacteremic patients and its potential use in predicting infection etiology. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 17:99-105. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1562335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Elda Righi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dolso
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Merelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica D’Aurizio
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Assunta Sartor
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
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32
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Jwa MY, Ko EB, Kim HY, Kim SK, Jeong S, Seo HS, Yun CH, Han SH. Gamma-irradiation-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae potently induces the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:38-46. [PMID: 30114464 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Although capsular polysaccharide-based vaccines are commercially available, there is a need for broad-spectrum, serotype-independent, and cost-effective vaccines. Recently, an intranasal vaccine formulated with gamma-irradiated nonencapsulated S. pneumoniae whole cells has been developed and its immunogenicity is under investigation. Since innate immunity influences the subsequent adaptive immunity, in the present study, we investigated the immunostimulatory activity of gamma-irradiated S. pneumoniae (r-SP) in the human bronchial epithelial cell-line, BEAS-2B, by comparing with heat-inactivated S. pneumoniae (h-SP) and formalin-inactivated S. pneumoniae (f-SP). r-SP potently induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas h-SP and f-SP poorly induced them. Of note, the mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were approximately two-fold higher when cells were stimulated with 3 × 107 CFU/ml of r-SP for 3 h, while the protein levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were approximately five-fold higher after stimulation with 3 × 107 CFU/ml of r-SP for 24 h. Furthermore, r-SP exhibited potent activation of Toll-like receptor 2 compared with h-SP or f-SP. The expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by r-SP was mediated through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Remarkably, when r-SP was further treated with heat or formalin, there was a decrease in the aforementioned activities. Taken together, we suggest that r-SP stimulates the human respiratory epithelial cells to produce the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, which might influence the induction of adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yong Jwa
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Byeol Ko
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Park KS, Lee J, Lee C, Park HT, Kim JW, Kim OY, Kim SR, Rådinger M, Jung HY, Park J, Lötvall J, Gho YS. Sepsis-Like Systemic Inflammation Induced by Nano-Sized Extracellular Vesicles From Feces. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1735. [PMID: 30131776 PMCID: PMC6090151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and other types of vesicles, are released by most mammalian cells and bacteria. We here ask whether feces contain EVs of mammalian and/or bacterial origin, and whether these EVs induce systemic inflammation. Fecal extracellular vesicles (fEVs) were isolated from mice and humans. The presence of EVs from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-lipid A and anti-lipoteichoic acid antibodies, whereas Western blot using anti-beta-actin antibody was employed to detect host-derived EVs in the fEVs. Further, fEVs were administered into mice by intraperitoneal injection, and inflammatory responses were investigated in the peritoneum, blood, and lungs. The role of TLR2 and TLR4 were studied using knockout mice. Significant quantities of EVs were present in feces from mice as well as humans, and derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as the host. Bacteria-free fEVs introduced into the peritoneum induced local and systemic inflammation (including in the lungs), but fEVs from germ-free animals had weaker effects. This pronounced local and systemic inflammatory responses seemed to be induced by EVs from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and was attenuated in mice lacking TLR2 or TLR4. Our findings show that fEVs cause sepsis-like systemic inflammation, when introduced intraperitoneally, a process regulated by TLR2 and TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaewook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Oh Youn Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sae Rom Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co. Ltd., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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34
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Zhang L, Hou X, Sun L, He T, Wei R, Pang M, Wang R. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation in MAC-T Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1614. [PMID: 30083140 PMCID: PMC6064726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have shown that bacteriophages can significantly affect the production of various cytokines. The aim of this present study was to investigate the inflammatory effects and mechanisms of bacteriophage vB_SauM_JS25 in stimulated MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Experiments show that vB_SauM_JS25 reduces Staphylococcus aureus- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) mRNA in MAC-T cells, in a manner expected to be unrelated to its antibacterial action. Moreover, S. aureus bacteriophage vB_SauM_JS25 suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, which may represent an important mechanism mediating these effects. A carefully regulated balance between activation and inhibition by bacteriophages must be kept avoiding inappropriate inflammatory responses. The ability of vB_SauM_JS25 to influence the immune response highlights the potential development and application of bacteriophage-based therapies and may represent a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lichang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruicheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Maoda Pang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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35
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Skjeflo EW, Christiansen D, Fure H, Ludviksen JK, Woodruff TM, Espevik T, Nielsen EW, Brekke OL, Mollnes TE. Staphylococcus aureus-induced complement activation promotes tissue factor-mediated coagulation. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:905-918. [PMID: 29437288 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Complement, Toll-like receptors and coagulation cross-talk in the process of thromboinflammation. This is explored in a unique human whole-blood model of S. aureus bacteremia. Coagulation is here shown as a downstream event of C5a-induced tissue factor (TF) production. Combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 efficiently attenuated TF and coagulation. SUMMARY Background There is extensive cross-talk between the complement system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and hemostasis. Consumptive coagulopathy is a hallmark of sepsis, and is often mediated through increased tissue factor (TF) expression. Objectives To study the relative roles of complement, TLRs and TF in Staphylococcus aureus-induced coagulation. Methods Lepirudin-anticoagulated human whole blood was incubated with the three S. aureus strains Cowan, Wood, and Newman. C3 was inhibited with compstatin, C5 with eculizumab, C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) and activated factor XII with peptide inhibitors, CD14, TLR2 and TF with neutralizing antibodies, and TLR4 with eritoran. Complement activation was measured by ELISA. Coagulation was measured according to prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (PTF1 + 2 ) determined with ELISA, and TF mRNA, monocyte surface expression and functional activity were measured with quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA, respectively. Results All three strains generated substantial and statistically significant amounts of C5a, terminal complement complex, PTF1 + 2 , and TF mRNA, and showed substantial TF surface expression on monocytes and TF functional activity. Inhibition of C5 cleavage most efficiently and significantly inhibited all six markers in strains Cowan and Wood, and five markers in Newman. The effect of complement inhibition was shown to be completely dependent on C5aR1. The C5 blocking effect was equally potentiated when combined with blocking of CD14 or TLR2, but not TLR4. TF blocking significantly reduced PTF1 + 2 levels to baseline levels. Conclusions S. aureus-induced coagulation in human whole blood was mainly attributable to C5a-induced mRNA upregulation, monocyte TF expression, and plasma TF activity, thus underscoring complement as a key player in S. aureus-induced coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Skjeflo
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - H Fure
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - J K Ludviksen
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - T M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Espevik
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E W Nielsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - O L Brekke
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K. G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Maloupazoa Siawaya AC, Mvoundza Ndjindji O, Kuissi Kamgaing E, Mveang-Nzoghe A, Mbani Mpega CN, Leboueny M, Kengue Boussougou R, Mintsa Ndong A, Essone PN, Djoba Siawaya JF. Altered Toll-Like Receptor-4 Response to Lipopolysaccharides in Infants Exposed to HIV-1 and Its Preventive Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:222. [PMID: 29491865 PMCID: PMC5817973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen sensing and recognition through pattern recognition receptors, and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is the cornerstone of the innate immune system. Despite the fact that HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants are prone to serious bacterial infections, no study has focused on the functionality of their bacteria recognition system. This is the first study to investigate baseline levels of three critically important immune response molecules in this population: complement component (C)-3, toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, and C-reactive protein (CRP). We enrolled 16 HEU and 6 HIV-unexposed (HU) infants. TLR4 function was investigated by stimulating whole blood with increasing concentrations of TLR4-agonist ultrapure lipopolysaccharides. TLR4/TLR4-agonist dose response were assessed by measuring IL-6 secretion. Complement C3 and CRP were measured by photo spectrometry. Data showed no significant differences in baseline concentration of CRP between HEU and HU infants. Complement C3 was significantly higher in HEU infants than HU infants. TLR4 anergy was observed in 7 of 12 HEU infants, whereas the rest of HEU infants (n = 4) and the control HU infants tested (n = 3) showed responsive TLR4. None of the HEU infants investigated in this study had severe infections in the year after their birth. In conclusion, TLR4 anergy can occur in HEU infants without necessarily translating to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicet Christel Maloupazoa Siawaya
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne Ebori (CHUMEFJE), Libreville, Gabon.,Unités de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique à Libreville (LNSP), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Ofilia Mvoundza Ndjindji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne Ebori (CHUMEFJE), Libreville, Gabon.,Unités de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique à Libreville (LNSP), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Eliane Kuissi Kamgaing
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université des Sciences de la Santé d'Owendo (USS), Owendo, Gabon.,Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Libreville (CHUL), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Amandine Mveang-Nzoghe
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne Ebori (CHUMEFJE), Libreville, Gabon.,Unités de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique à Libreville (LNSP), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Chérone Nancy Mbani Mpega
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université des sciences et techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Marielle Leboueny
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne Ebori (CHUMEFJE), Libreville, Gabon.,Unités de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique à Libreville (LNSP), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Armel Mintsa Ndong
- Unité de Virologie, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique à Libreville (LNSP), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Paulin N Essone
- Unités de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique à Libreville (LNSP), Libreville, Gabon.,Centre de Recherche Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne Ebori (CHUMEFJE), Libreville, Gabon.,Unités de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique à Libreville (LNSP), Libreville, Gabon
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Sim JR, Kang SS, Lee D, Yun CH, Han SH. Killed Whole-Cell Oral Cholera Vaccine Induces CCL20 Secretion by Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in the Presence of the Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Butyrate. Front Immunol 2018; 9:55. [PMID: 29434590 PMCID: PMC5796904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, modulate immune responses in the gut. However, the effect of SCFAs on mucosal vaccine-induced immune cell migration is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether SCFAs modulate chemokine expression induced by the killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine, Shanchol™, in human intestinal epithelial cells. Shanchol™ induced expression of CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, and CXCL10 at the mRNA level, but not at the protein level. Interestingly, CCL20 secretion was substantially increased by co-stimulation with Shanchol™ and butyrate, while neither acetate nor propionate showed such effect. Enhanced CCL20 secretion was associated with GPR109A activation, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. In addition, co-treatment with Shanchol™ and butyrate synergistically increased the secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Moreover, CCL20 secretion was decreased by inhibiting the extracellular ATP receptor P2X7. However, neither inflammasomes nor caspases were involved in CCL20 production. The culture supernatant of cells treated with Shanchol™ and butyrate augmented human immature dendritic cell migration. Collectively, these results suggest that butyrate enhances Shanchol™-induced CCL20 production in human intestinal epithelial cells via HDAC inhibition and ATP-P2X7 signaling by activating GPR109A. These effects potentially enhance the mucosal immune responses in the gut induced by this oral cholera vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ri Sim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mekonnen E, Bekele E, Stein CM. Novel polymorphisms in TICAM2 and NOD1 associated with tuberculosis progression phenotypes in Ethiopian populations. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2018; 3:e1. [PMID: 29868226 PMCID: PMC5870410 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a necessary but not sufficient cause for tuberculosis (TB). Although numerous studies suggest human genetic variation may influence TB pathogenesis, there is a conspicuous lack of replication, likely due to imprecise phenotype definition. We aimed to replicate novel findings from a Ugandan cohort in Ethiopian populations. METHOD We ascertained TB cases and household controls (n = 292) from three different ethnic groups. Latent Mtb infection was determined using Quantiferon to develop reliable TB progression phenotypes. We sequenced exonic regions of TICAM2 and NOD1. RESULT Significant novel associations were observed between two variants in NOD1 and TB: rs751770147 [unadjusted p = 7.28 × 10-5] and chr7:30477156(T), a novel variant, [unadjusted p = 1.04 × 10-4]. Two SNPs in TICAM2 were nominally associated with TB, including rs2288384 [unadjusted p = 0.003]. Haplotype-based association tests supported the SNP-based results. CONCLUSION We replicated the association of TICAM2 and NOD1 with TB and identified novel genetic associations with TB in Ethiopian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mekonnen
- Microbial, Cellular, Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box:17087, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Health Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box:17087, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E. Bekele
- Microbial, Cellular, Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - C. M. Stein
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Proteomics & Bioinformatics, and Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, USA
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Yan ST, Sun LC, Lian R, Tao YK, Zhang HB, Zhang G. Diagnostic and predictive values of procalcitonin in bloodstream infections for nosocomial pneumonia. J Crit Care 2018; 44:424-429. [PMID: 29353119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PCT to distinguish between gram-negative (GN) and gram-positive (GP) bloodstream infections nosocomial pneumonia (NP) patients and compared PCT levels with the pneumonia severity index (PSI) for predicting mortality. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively for blood culture-positive NP patients between January 2014 and August 2016. PCT levels were compared between patients with GN versus GP infections. Outcome variables included 28- and 60-day mortality. RESULTS PCT level was higher in GN infections than in GP infections. PCT could differentiate between GN and GP infections with an AUC value of 0.706. At a PCT cutoff of 5.4 ng/mL, the specificity for GN infections were 80.3%. The AUCs for 28- and 60-day mortality were 0.758 and 0.759 for PSI, and 0.620 and 0.634 for PCT. Serum PCT level was less predictive of mortality in GN NP patients compared with that for GP NP patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between PCT and PSI, and the correlation in GP NP patients was better than that in GN NP patients. CONCLUSIONS PCT could differentiate between GN and GP bloodstream infections in patients with NP. However, PCT levels were less predictive of mortality compared with the PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tao Yan
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Li Chao Sun
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Rui Lian
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Yong Kang Tao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Hong Bo Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, China.
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40
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Ben Lagha A, LeBel G, Grenier D. Dual action of highbush blueberry proanthocyanidins on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and the host inflammatory response. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 29321009 PMCID: PMC5763534 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has a beneficial effect on several aspects of human health. The present study investigated the effects of highbush blueberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) on the virulence properties of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and macrophage-associated inflammatory responses. Methods PACs were isolated from frozen highbush blueberries using solid-phase chromatography. A microplate dilution assay was performed to determine the effect of highbush blueberry PACs on A. actinomycetemcomitans growth as well as biofilm formation stained with crystal violet. Tight junction integrity of oral keratinocytes was assessed by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), while macrophage viability was determined with a colorimetric MTT assay. Pro-inflammatory cytokine and MMP secretion by A. actinomycetemcomitans-stimulated macrophages was quantified by ELISA. The U937-3xκB-LUC monocyte cell line transfected with a luciferase reporter gene was used to monitor NF-κB activation. Results Highbush blueberry PACs reduced the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans and prevented biofilm formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations. The treatment of pre-formed biofilms with the PACs resulted in a loss of bacterial viability. The antibacterial activity of the PACs appeared to involve damage to the bacterial cell membrane. The PACs protected the oral keratinocytes barrier integrity from damage caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans. The PACs also protected macrophages from the deleterious effect of leukotoxin Ltx-A and dose-dependently inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8, TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-9), and sTREM-1 by A. actinomycetemcomitans-treated macrophages. The PACs also inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of highbush blueberry PACs as well as their ability to protect the oral keratinocyte barrier and neutralize leukotoxin activity suggest that they may be promising candidates as novel therapeutic agents.
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Coorens M, Schneider VAF, de Groot AM, van Dijk A, Meijerink M, Wells JM, Scheenstra MR, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Cathelicidins Inhibit Escherichia coli-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation in a Viability-Dependent Manner. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:1418-1428. [PMID: 28710255 PMCID: PMC5544931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the immune system needs to be tightly regulated to provide protection against infections and, at the same time, to prevent excessive inflammation to limit collateral damage to the host. This tight regulation includes regulating the activation of TLRs, which are key players in the recognition of invading microbes. A group of short cationic antimicrobial peptides, called cathelicidins, have previously been shown to modulate TLR activation by synthetic or purified TLR ligands and may play an important role in the regulation of inflammation during infections. However, little is known about how these cathelicidins affect TLR activation in the context of complete and viable bacteria. In this article, we show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills Escherichia coli in an immunogenically silent fashion. Our results show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills E. coli by permeabilizing the bacterial inner membrane and subsequently binds the outer membrane-derived lipoproteins and LPS to inhibit TLR2 and TLR4 activation, respectively. In addition, other cathelicidins, including human, mouse, pig, and dog cathelicidins, which lack antimicrobial activity under cell culture conditions, only inhibit macrophage activation by nonviable E. coli In total, this study shows that cathelicidins do not affect immune activation by viable bacteria and only inhibit inflammation when bacterial viability is lost. Therefore, cathelicidins provide a novel mechanism by which the immune system can discriminate between viable and nonviable Gram-negative bacteria to tune the immune response, thereby limiting collateral damage to the host and the risk for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Coorens
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Marit de Groot
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Meijerink
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands;
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Wang S, Zhu Y, Li X, Wang Q, Li J, Li W. Fatty acid binding protein regulate antimicrobial function via Toll signaling in Chinese mitten crab. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:9-17. [PMID: 28131672 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are members of the lipid binding protein superfamily and play crucial role in fatty acid transport and lipid metabolism. In macrophages, Adipocyte-type FABP is an important mediator of inflammation. However, the immune functions of FABPs in invertebrates are not well understood; here, we obtained the gene structure of Eriocheir sinensis FABP 3 and FABP 9 (EsFABP 3 and EsFABP 9), and compared with EsFABP 10. The mRNA expression profiles show that all three FABPs were significantly up-regulated in hemocytes after being challenged with bacteria. Of the three, EsFABP 3 was the most stable and also the most highly up-regulated. Further studies showed that knockdown of EsFABP 3 led to higher bacterial counts in the hemocyte culture medium and a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of some antimicrobial peptides following bacterial stimulation. Moreover, a subcellular study demonstrated that EsFABP 3 can affect nuclear translocation of the dorsal after Gram-positive bacterial stimulation in hemocytes. These findings support the notion that EsFABP 3 could inhibit bacterial proliferation by regulating antimicrobial peptides expression via the Toll signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichuang Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youting Zhu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Yan ST, Sun LC, Jia HB, Gao W, Yang JP, Zhang GQ. Procalcitonin levels in bloodstream infections caused by different sources and species of bacteria. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 35:579-583. [PMID: 27979420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate procalcitonin (PCT) diagnostic accuracy in discriminating gram-negative (GN) from gram-positive (GP) bloodstream infections and determining the relationship between PCT levels, infection sites, and pathogen types. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data were collected from patients with blood culture (BC)-positive sepsis between January 2014 and December 2015. PCT levels at different infection sites were compared, as was the presence of GN and GP bloodstream infection. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to assess diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Of the 486 monomicrobial BCs, 254 (52.26%) were positive for GN bacteria (GNB), and 202 (42.18%) for GP bacteria (GPB). Median PCT levels were higher in BCs positive for GN (2.42ng/ml, IQR: 0.38-15.52) than in those positive for GPB (0.49ng/ml, IQR: 0.13-5.89) (P<0.001). In the ROC analysis to differentiate between GNB and GPB, the area under the curve was 0.628 (95% CI: 0.576-0.679). When the cutoffs for PCT were 10.335 and 15.000ng/ml, the specificity of GNB infection was 80.2% and 84.2%, respectively. PCT levels caused by GNB differed between Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumanni/Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumanni. PCT levels caused by GPB differed between Staphylococcus epidermidis/Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis/Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis/S.hominis/S. haemolyticus. Among patients with known infection sites, there were statistical differences in PCT levels between abdominal infection and pneumonia/infective endocarditis, urinary tract infection and pneumonia/catheter-related infection/infective endocarditis. CONCLUSION PCT can distinguish between GNB and GPB infection, as well as between different bacterial species and infection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tao Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Bing Jia
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ping Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Qiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Feng H, Pyykkö I, Zou J. Involvement of Ubiquitin-Editing Protein A20 in Modulating Inflammation in Rat Cochlea Associated with Silver Nanoparticle-Induced CD68 Upregulation and TLR4 Activation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:240. [PMID: 27142878 PMCID: PMC4854861 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were shown to temporarily impair the biological barriers in the skin of the external ear canal, mucosa of the middle ear, and inner ear, causing partially reversible hearing loss after delivery into the middle ear. The current study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism, emphasizing the TLR signaling pathways in association with the potential recruitment of macrophages in the cochlea and the modulation of inflammation by ubiquitin-editing protein A20. Molecules potentially involved in these signaling pathways were thoroughly analysed using immunohistochemistry in the rat cochlea exposed to AgNPs at various concentrations through intratympanic injection. The results showed that 0.4 % AgNPs but not 0.02 % AgNPs upregulated the expressions of CD68, TLR4, MCP1, A20, and RNF11 in the strial basal cells, spiral ligament fibrocytes, and non-sensory supporting cells of Corti's organ. 0.4 % AgNPs had no effect on CD44, TLR2, MCP2, Rac1, myosin light chain, VCAM1, Erk1/2, JNK, p38, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, IL-10, or TGF-β. This study suggested that AgNPs might confer macrophage-like functions on the strial basal cells and spiral ligament fibrocytes and enhance the immune activities of non-sensory supporting cells of Corti's organ through the upregulation of CD68, which might be involved in TLR4 activation. A20 and RNF11 played roles in maintaining cochlear homeostasis via negative regulation of the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilmari Pyykkö
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jing Zou
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Chinese PLA, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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45
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Chin PY, Dorian CL, Hutchinson MR, Olson DM, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Novel Toll-like receptor-4 antagonist (+)-naloxone protects mice from inflammation-induced preterm birth. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36112. [PMID: 27819333 PMCID: PMC5098167 DOI: 10.1038/srep36112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by bacterial infection, or by sterile inflammatory insult is a primary trigger of spontaneous preterm birth. Here we utilize mouse models to investigate the efficacy of a novel small molecule TLR4 antagonist, (+)-naloxone, the non-opioid isomer of the opioid receptor antagonist (−)-naloxone, in infection-associated preterm birth. Treatment with (+)-naloxone prevented preterm delivery and alleviated fetal demise in utero elicited by i.p. LPS administration in late gestation. A similar effect with protection from preterm birth and perinatal death, and partial correction of reduced birth weight and postnatal mortality, was conferred by (+)-naloxone administration after intrauterine administration of heat-killed E. coli. Local induction by E. coli of inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b, Il6, Tnf and Il10 in fetal membranes was suppressed by (+)-naloxone, and cytokine expression in the placenta, and uterine myometrium and decidua, was also attenuated. These data demonstrate that inhibition of TLR4 signaling with the novel TLR4 antagonist (+)-naloxone can suppress the inflammatory cascade of preterm parturition, to prevent preterm birth and perinatal death. Further studies are warranted to investigate the utility of small molecule inhibition of TLR-driven inflammation as a component of strategies for fetal protection and delaying preterm birth in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Camilla L Dorian
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2S2, Canada
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Jiang GL, Liu YY, Oso AO, Li FN, Kong XF, Geng MM, Yang HS, Yin YL. The differences of bacteria and bacteria metabolites in the colon between fatty and lean pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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47
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Raby AC, Colmont CS, Kift-Morgan A, Köhl J, Eberl M, Fraser D, Topley N, Labéta MO. Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:461-478. [PMID: 27432741 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains limited by dialysis failure due to peritoneal membrane fibrosis driven by inflammation caused by infections or sterile cellular stress. Given the fundamental role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and complement in inflammation, we assessed the potential of peritoneal TLR2, TLR4 and C5a receptors, C5aR and C5L2, as therapeutic targets in PD-associated fibrosis. We detected TLR2-, TLR4-, and C5aR-mediated proinflammatory and fibrotic responses to bacteria that were consistent with the expression of these receptors in peritoneal macrophages (TLR2/4, C5aR) and mesothelial cells (TLR2, C5aR). Experiments in knockout mice revealed a major role for TLR2, a lesser role for TLR4, a supplementary role for C5aR, and no apparent activity of C5L2 in infection-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Similarly, antibody blockade of TLR2, TLR4, or C5aR differentially inhibited bacteria-induced profibrotic and inflammatory mediator production by peritoneal leukocytes isolated from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of noninfected uremic patients. Additionally, antibodies against TLR2, TLR4, or the coreceptor CD14 reduced the profibrotic responses of uremic leukocytes to endogenous components present in the PDE of noninfected patients. Enhancing TLR2-mediated inflammation increased fibrosis in vivo Furthermore, soluble TLR2 (sTLR2), a negative modulator of TLRs that we detected in PDE, inhibited PDE-induced, TLR2- or TLR4-mediated profibrotic responses. Notably, sTLR2 treatment markedly reduced Gram-positive and -negative bacteria-induced fibrosis in vivo, inhibiting proinflammatory and fibrotic genes without affecting infection clearance. These findings reveal the influence of peritoneal TLR2 and TLR4 on PD-associated fibrosis and describe a therapeutic strategy against fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Raby
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
| | - Chantal S Colmont
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Kift-Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany; and.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Fraser
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Topley
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mario O Labéta
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
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48
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Barbar SD, Pauchard LA, Bruyère R, Bruillard C, Hayez D, Croisier D, Pugin J, Charles PE. Mechanical Ventilation Alters the Development of Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Rabbit. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158799. [PMID: 27391952 PMCID: PMC4938582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common during mechanical ventilation (MV). Beside obvious deleterious effects on muco-ciliary clearance, MV could adversely shift the host immune response towards a pro-inflammatory pattern through toll-like receptor (TLRs) up-regulation. We tested this hypothesis in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus VAP. Pneumonia was caused by airway challenge with S. aureus, in either spontaneously breathing (SB) or MV rabbits (n = 13 and 17, respectively). Pneumonia assessment regarding pulmonary and systemic bacterial burden, as well as inflammatory response was done 8 and 24 hours after S. aureus challenge. In addition, ex vivo stimulations of whole blood taken from SB or MV rabbits (n = 7 and 5, respectively) with TLR2 agonist or heat-killed S. aureus were performed. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. After 8 hours of infection, lung injury was more severe in MV animals (1.40±0.33 versus [vs] 2.40±0.55, p = 0.007), along with greater bacterial concentrations (6.13±0.63 vs. 4.96±1.31 colony forming units/gram, p = 0.002). Interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αserum concentrations reached higher levels in MV animals (p = 0.010). Whole blood obtained from MV animals released larger amounts of cytokines if stimulated with TLR2 agonist or heat-killed S. aureus (e.g., TNF-α: 1656±166 vs. 1005±89; p = 0.014). Moreover, MV induced TLR2 overexpression in both lung and spleen tissue. MV hastened tissue injury, impaired lung bacterial clearance, and promoted a systemic inflammatory response, maybe through TLR2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber-Davide Barbar
- Laboratoire “Ventilation Immunité Poumon”, Pôle Microbiologie Environnementale et Risque Sanitaire (M.E.R.S.), U.M.R. 1347, I.N.R.A., Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laure-Anne Pauchard
- Laboratoire “Ventilation Immunité Poumon”, Pôle Microbiologie Environnementale et Risque Sanitaire (M.E.R.S.), U.M.R. 1347, I.N.R.A., Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Rémi Bruyère
- Laboratoire “Ventilation Immunité Poumon”, Pôle Microbiologie Environnementale et Risque Sanitaire (M.E.R.S.), U.M.R. 1347, I.N.R.A., Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Bruillard
- Laboratoire “Ventilation Immunité Poumon”, Pôle Microbiologie Environnementale et Risque Sanitaire (M.E.R.S.), U.M.R. 1347, I.N.R.A., Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Jérôme Pugin
- Intensive Care Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva, and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
- Laboratoire “Ventilation Immunité Poumon”, Pôle Microbiologie Environnementale et Risque Sanitaire (M.E.R.S.), U.M.R. 1347, I.N.R.A., Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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49
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Li S, Rong H, Guo Q, Chen Y, Zhang G, Yang J. Serum procalcitonin levels distinguish Gram-negative bacterial sepsis from Gram-positive bacterial and fungal sepsis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:39. [PMID: 27904585 PMCID: PMC5122113 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.183996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels differ in patients with bacterial or fungal infections and are significantly elevated in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of different inflammatory markers to discriminate sepsis caused by different pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 328 episodes of bacteremia from 292 patients with sepsis and 31 patients with suspected sepsis in this study. Medical records of patients who had bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacteria (Gram-negative), Gram-positive bacteria (Gram-positive) or fungi were reviewed, and information about PCT and other inflammatory markers was recorded. The diagnostic performance of inflammatory markers was calculated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Serum PCT levels in Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and fungal sepsis were 7.47 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.09-41.26) ng/mL, 0.48 (IQR: 0.15-2.16) ng/mL, and 0.60 (IQR: 0.14-2.06) ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed an optimal cut-off value of 2.44 ng/mL for PCT in discriminating Gram-negative sepsis from Gram-positive sepsis, which yielded a sensitivity of 68.4% and a specificity of 77.1%. An optimal cut-off value of 3.11 ng/mL for PCT in discriminating Gram-negative sepsis from fungal sepsis, led to a sensitivity of 63.9% and specificity of 93.3%. Neither PCT nor other inflammatory markers could be used to distinguish between Gram-positive and fungal sepsis. CONCLUSION Serum PCT levels were significantly higher in patients with Gram-negative sepsis than in those with Gram-positive or fungal sepsis. PCT is a potential sensitive biomarker for distinguishing Gram-negative sepsis from Gram-positive and fungal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Li
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengmo Rong
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinliang Guo
- Department of Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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50
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Zhou H, He Z, Wang C, Xie T, Liu L, Liu C, Song F, Ma Y. Intravenous Administration Is an Effective and Safe Route for Cancer Gene Therapy Using the Bifidobacterium-Mediated Recombinant HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase and Ganciclovir. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060891. [PMID: 27275821 PMCID: PMC4926425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV TK/GCV) system is one of the best studied cancer suicide gene therapy systems. Our previous study showed that caspase 3 expression was upregulated and bladder tumor growth was significantly reduced in rats treated with a combination of Bifidobacterium (BF) and HSV TK/GCV (BF-rTK/GCV). However, it was raised whether the BF-mediated recombinant thymidine kinase combined with ganciclovir (BF-rTK/GCV) was safe to administer via venous for cancer gene therapy. To answer this question, the antitumor effects of BF-rTK/GCV were mainly evaluated in a xenograft nude mouse model bearing MKN-45 gastric tumor cells. The immune response, including analysis of cytokine profiles, was analyzed to evaluate the safety of intramuscular and intravenous injection of BF-rTK in BALB/c mice. The results suggested that gastric tumor growth was significantly inhibited in vivo by BF-rTK/GCV. However, the BF-rTK/GCV had no effect on mouse body weight, indicating that the treatment was safe for the host. The results of cytokine profile analysis indicated that intravenous injection of a low dose of BF-rTK resulted in a weaker cytokine response than that obtained with intramuscular injection. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that intravenous administration did not affect the expression of immune-associated TLR2 and TLR4. Finally, the BF-rTK/GCV inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in mouse model, which is helpful for inhibiting of tumor angiogenesis. That meant intravenous administration of BF-rTK/GCV was an effective and safe way for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Zhou
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhiliang He
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Changdong Wang
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Tingting Xie
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chuanyang Liu
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yongping Ma
- Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yi XueYuan Road, Number 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
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