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Garg M, Agarwal S, Altohami M. A single dose of eculizumab terminated life-threatening haemolysis in idiopathic IgM-mediated warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: A case report. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:e28-e31. [PMID: 34993954 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Garg
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Siddharth Agarwal
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Altohami
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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2
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Wen Q, Zhang Y, Muluh TA, Xiong K, Wang B, Lu Y, Wu Z, Liu Y, Shi H, Xiao S, Fu S. Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged gefitinib/albumin nanoparticles for tumor imaging and targeted therapy against lung cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:228-237. [PMID: 34688683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs may cause serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity due to lack of targeting, which affects therapy outcome and the prognosis of patients. Therefore, biomimetic nanoparticles with long blood circulation and active targeting have attracted increasing attention. In this work, we fabricated a biomimetic R-RBC@GEF-NPs nano-system by encapsulating gefitinib-loaded albumin nanoparticles (GEF-NPs) inside cRGD-modified red blood cell (RBC) membranes. The complete RBC membrane structure and membrane proteins enabled the NPs to escape phagocytosis by macrophages. In addition, the cRGD moiety significantly improved tumor cell targeting and uptake. R-RBC@GEF-NPs inhibited the growth of A549 cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Likewise, the R-RBC@GEF-NPs also decreased tumor weight and volume in the mice injected with A549 cells and prolonged survival time. In addition, the 99Tc-labeled R-RBC@GEF-NPs selectively accumulated in the tumor tissues in vivo, and enabled real time tumor imaging. Finally, blood and histological analyses showed that R-RBC@GEF-NPs did not cause any obvious systemic toxicity. Taken together, the biomimetic R-RBC@GEF-NPs is a promising therapeutic formulation for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oncology, the Second Peoples' Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tobias Achu Muluh
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Kang Xiong
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - BiQiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - ZhouXue Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - YanLin Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - SuSu Xiao
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - ShaoZhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China.
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3
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Immunoglobulin isotype compositions of ABO specific antibodies are dependent on the individual patient blood group and blood group specificity: Results from a healthy donor cohort. J Immunol Methods 2021; 494:113053. [PMID: 33933472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies specific for the blood group ABO system antigens are of clinical significance and immunological interest. Routine clinical methods typically employ direct or indirect haemagglutination methods to measure IgM and IgG, respectively. We have developed a simple, single tube method to quantify IgM, IgG, and IgA specific for A and B antigens in order to improve accuracy and reproducibility, and to investigate the relationships between ABO group antibody type, and antibody level. Plasma samples from 300 healthy blood donors were studied. Levels of IgM and IgG binding to reagent group A and B red cells were measure by agglutination (HA) and multi-colour flow cytometry (MC-FC). IgA was also measured by MC-FC. Our FC method was found to be significantly more reproducible than HA for the measurement of blood group A and B specific antibodies. We found statistically significant correlations between antibodies measured by GC-HA and MC-FC, but sufficient differences to indicate that these methods are not equivalent. By MC-FC, IgM, IgG and IgA levels and isotope profiles were found to be dependent on both the donor ABO type and the specificity of the antibody. This study demonstrated heterogeneity in the immunoglobulin class profiles of ABO-blood group specific antibodies within the healthy population. Differences in isotype profiles of ABO-blood group specific antibodies may indicate fundamental differences in the immune mechanisms that generate these antibodies. This is likely to be relevant to the clinical situations where management or diagnosis depend on ABO-specific antibody detection and measurement.
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Bhardwaj N, Singh A. Splenectomy Modulates the Erythrocyte Turnover and Basigin (CD147) Expression in Mice. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020; 36:711-718. [PMID: 33100715 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the splenectomy induced modulation of erythrocyte turnover in mice. We have also studied the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and basigin (CD147) expression level on erythrocytes in splenectomized condition. The erythrocyte turnover was studied by a newly developed double in vivo biotinylation (DIB) technique. This technique enables to discriminate three different age (young, intermediate and old) groups of erythrocytes. The expression level of ROS and CD147 was studied by staining with CM-H2DCFDA stain and anti-mouse CD147 monocloclonal antibody followed by flow cytometry. We observed that intermediate and old age groups of erythrocytes were randomly eliminated in splenectomized condition. A marked surge in the blood reticulocyte count was observed in splenectomized mice. Splenectomy induced the level of ROS and CD147 expression on erythrocytes. The expression level of ROS was induced up to 35 days, but it reversed to basal level by 42 days indicating the emergence of refractoriness to splenectomy. The CD147 expression was significantly higher on day 7, 21 and 28 but it also normalizes on later time points. We conclude that erythrocyte turnover is significantly modulated in splenectomized mice. The enhanced level of ROS and CD147 expression may be a possible cause to increase erythrocyte removal in splenectomized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India.,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP 226007 India
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5
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Mourão LC, Medeiros CMP, Cardoso-Oliveira GP, Roma PMDS, Aboobacar JDSS, Rodrigues BCM, Agero U, Fontes CJF, Braga ÉM. Effects of IgG and IgM autoantibodies on non-infected erythrocytes is related to ABO blood group in Plasmodium vivax malaria and is associated with anemia. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:379-383. [PMID: 32097712 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies play an important role in the destruction of non-infected red blood cells (nRBCs) during malaria. However, the relationship between this clearance and ABO blood groups is yet to be fully enlightened, especially for Plasmodium vivax infections. Here we show that anti-RBC IgG and IgM are increased in anemic patients with acute vivax malaria. Furthermore, both antibodies are able to decrease the deformability of nRBCs, but only IgG can induce in vitro erythrophagocytosis. Such effects are enhanced in type O erythrocytes, suggesting that individuals from this blood group infected with P. vivax malaria may be more susceptible to develop anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Carvalho Mourão
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ubirajara Agero
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Érika Martins Braga
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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6
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Abstract
Purpose of review Pathogenic autoantibodies directed against red blood cells (RBCs) may lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), a severe and sometimes fatal disease. Much of what is known about the etiology and pathogenesis of AIHA has been learned from observations made in human patients and murine models, but many questions remain; importantly, it is still unclear why some people generate RBC-specific autoantibodies. The combination of technological advancements applied to existing models and the development of new AIHA murine models will continue to provide considerable insight into the initiation of AIHA and provide a platform for the design of more effective therapies. Recent findings Advancements in well described murine models of AIHA show that reticulocytes are preferentially targeted by anti-RBC autoantibodies and an increase in oxidative stress may trigger autoantibody production. Additionally, a new murine model of erythrocyte autoreactivity demonstrates that T cell tolerance is the stopgap for autoimmunity. Moreover, unlike many self-antigens, data suggest that RBC self-antigens are not presented in the thymus thereby escaping the scrutiny of T cell central tolerance mechanisms and placing emphasis on peripheral tolerance instead. Information gained from this new model provide novel insight into how the immune system responds to RBC autoantigens and provides a tractable platform to discover new therapies for AIHA. Summary Murine models of AIHA have provided significant understanding into the risk factors for AIHA. The application of new technologies and models of erythrocyte autoreactivity is a pathway with the potential to elucidate how tolerance to RBC autoantigens is established, maintained, and broken down.
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7
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Hiramoto E, Tsutsumi A, Suzuki R, Matsuoka S, Arai S, Kikkawa M, Miyazaki T. The IgM pentamer is an asymmetric pentagon with an open groove that binds the AIM protein. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau1199. [PMID: 30324136 PMCID: PMC6179379 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Soluble immunoglobulin M (IgM) forms a pentamer containing a joining (J) chain polypeptide. While IgM pentamer has various immune functions, it also behaves as a carrier of circulating apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM; also called CD5L) protein that facilitates repair during different diseases. AIM binds to the IgM pentamer solely in the presence of the J chain. Here, using a single-particle negative-stain electron microscopy, we found that the IgM pentamer exhibits an asymmetric pentagon containing one large gap, which is markedly different from the textbook symmetric pentagon model. A single AIM molecule specifically fits into the gap, cross-bridging two IgM-Fc that form the edges of the gap through a disulfide bond at one side and a charge-based interaction at the other side. The discovery of the bona fide shape of the IgM pentamer advances our structural understanding of the pentameric IgM and its binding mode with AIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiri Hiramoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tsutsumi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Masahide Kikkawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Max Planck–The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (S.A.)
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8
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Irregular antibodies in no hemolytic autoimmune diseases are able to induce erythrophagocytosis. Immunol Res 2018; 65:410-418. [PMID: 27561786 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Irregular antibodies are produced by alloimmunization because of pregnancies or blood transfusions. They are called "irregular" due to target erythrocyte antigens from "rare blood systems," those different from the ABO system. Irregular antibodies have been widely investigated in immunohematology since their presence in blood donors may lead to difficulties in blood typing and in blood cross-matching, or to induce hemolytic transfusion reactions. Nevertheless, their incidence and participation in the physiopathology of autoimmune diseases have not been thoroughly studied. In this work, we analyzed the presence and pro-hemolytic capabilities of irregular antibodies in patients with different autoimmune diseases lacking signs of hemolytic anemia, in comparison with healthy multiparous women. Five of 141 autoimmune patients (3.5 %) and two of 77 multiparous women (2.6 %) were positive. Although frequency was relatively low and similar in both populations, the targeted antigens were Kell (k, Kpb, Jsb) and Luth (Lub) in multiparous women, and the same plus Duffy (Fya), Kidd (Jka) and MNS (M, s) in autoimmune patients. Irregular antibodies from autoimmune patients did not induce complement-mediated hemolysis (intravascular), but they were able to induce macrophages-mediated phagocytosis (extravascular hemolysis) in vitro. It is the first approach exploring the presence of irregular antibodies associated with the loss of immune tolerance and demonstrating their hemolytic potential in autoimmune patients without hemolytic manifestations. The presence of irregular antibodies targeted to Duffy (Fya), Kidd (Jka) and MNS (M, s) antigens only in autoimmune patients suggests a loss of immune tolerance to these erythrocyte antigens.
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9
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Kuhn V, Diederich L, Keller TCS, Kramer CM, Lückstädt W, Panknin C, Suvorava T, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cell Function and Dysfunction: Redox Regulation, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Anemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:718-742. [PMID: 27889956 PMCID: PMC5421513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recent clinical evidence identified anemia to be correlated with severe complications of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as bleeding, thromboembolic events, stroke, hypertension, arrhythmias, and inflammation, particularly in elderly patients. The underlying mechanisms of these complications are largely unidentified. Recent Advances: Previously, red blood cells (RBCs) were considered exclusively as transporters of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. More recent experimental evidence indicates that RBCs are important interorgan communication systems with additional functions, including participation in control of systemic nitric oxide metabolism, redox regulation, blood rheology, and viscosity. In this article, we aim to revise and discuss the potential impact of these noncanonical functions of RBCs and their dysfunction in the cardiovascular system and in anemia. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanistic links between changes of RBC functional properties and cardiovascular complications related to anemia have not been untangled so far. FUTURE DIRECTIONS To allow a better understanding of the complications associated with anemia in CVD, basic and translational science studies should be focused on identifying the role of noncanonical functions of RBCs in the cardiovascular system and on defining intrinsic and/or systemic dysfunction of RBCs in anemia and its relationship to CVD both in animal models and clinical settings. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 718-742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Kuhn
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Diederich
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- 2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christian M Kramer
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Panknin
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brant E Isakson
- 2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Malte Kelm
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Foster MH. Optimizing the translational value of animal models of glomerulonephritis: insights from recent murine prototypes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F487-95. [PMID: 27335377 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00275.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are indispensable for the study of glomerulonephritis, a group of diseases that destroy kidneys but for which specific therapies do not yet exist. Novel interventions are urgently needed, but their rational design requires suitable in vivo platforms to identify and test new candidates. Animal models can recreate the complex immunologic microenvironments that foster human autoimmunity and nephritis and provide access to tissue compartments not readily examined in patients. Study of rat Heymann nephritis identified fundamental disease mechanisms that ultimately revolutionized our understanding of human membranous nephropathy. Significant species differences in expression of a major target antigen, however, and lack of spontaneous autoimmunity in animals remain roadblocks to full exploitation of preclinical models in this disease. For several glomerulonephritides, humanized models have been developed to circumvent cross-species barriers and to study the effects of human genetic risk variants. Herein we review humanized mouse prototypes that provide fresh insight into mediators of IgA nephropathy and origins of antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis and Goodpasture's disease, as well as a means to test novel therapies for ANCA vasculitis. Additional and refined model systems are needed to mirror the full spectrum of human disease in a genetically diverse population, to facilitate development of patient-specific interventions, to determine the origin of nephritogenic autoimmunity, and to define the role of environmental exposures in disease initiation and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Foster
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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11
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Pleass RJ, Moore SC, Stevenson L, Hviid L. Immunoglobulin M: Restrainer of Inflammation and Mediator of Immune Evasion by Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2015; 32:108-119. [PMID: 26597020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an ancient antibody class that is found in all vertebrates, with the exception of coelacanths, and is indispensable in both innate and adaptive immunity. The equally ancient human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, formed an intimate relationship with IgM with which it co-evolved. In this article, we discuss the association between IgM and human malaria parasites, building on several recent publications that implicate IgM as a crucial molecule that determines both host and parasite survival. Consequently, a better understanding of this association may lead to the development of improved intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Pleass
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Shona C Moore
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Liz Stevenson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Lyse or not to lyse: Clinical significance of red blood cell autoantibodies. Blood Rev 2015; 29:369-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Legrain S, Su D, Breukel C, Detalle L, Claassens JW, van der Kaa J, Izui S, Verbeek JS, Coutelier JP. Involvement of Fcα/μ Receptor in IgM Anti-Platelet, but Not Anti-Red Blood Cell Autoantibody Pathogenicity in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4171-5. [PMID: 26385523 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgM anti-mouse platelet autoantibodies cause thrombocytopenia by mediating uptake of opsonized thrombocytes, whereas IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies induce anemia through a phagocytosis-independent cell destruction. In this article, we show that infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, a benign mouse arterivirus, exacerbates the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet, but not anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. To define the role of Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) in IgM-mediated thrombocytopenia and anemia, we generated mice deficient for this receptor. These animals were resistant to IgM autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia, but not anemia. However, the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus-induced exacerbation of thrombocytopenia was not associated with enhanced Fcα/μR expression on macrophages. These results indicate that Fcα/μR is required for the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet autoantibodies but is not sufficient to explain the full extent of the disease in virally infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Legrain
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dan Su
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Laurent Detalle
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jill W Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jos van der Kaa
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jean-Paul Coutelier
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium;
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14
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Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL. Pathobiology of Transfusion Reactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:83-110. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Zimring
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98102;
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Steven L. Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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15
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Abstract
The phagocytic function of macrophages plays a pivotal role in eliminating apoptotic cells and invading pathogens. Evidence implicating plasminogen (Plg), the zymogen of plasmin, in phagocytosis is extremely limited with the most recent in vitro study showing that plasmin acts on prey cells rather than on macrophages. Here, we use apoptotic thymocytes and immunoglobulin opsonized bodies to show that Plg exerts a profound effect on macrophage-mediated phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo. Plg enhanced the uptake of these prey by J774A.1 macrophage-like cells by 3.5- to fivefold Plg receptors and plasmin proteolytic activity were required for phagocytosis of both preys. Compared with Plg(+/+) mice, Plg(-/-) mice exhibited a 60% delay in clearance of apoptotic thymocytes by spleen and an 85% reduction in uptake by peritoneal macrophages. Phagocytosis of antibody-mediated erythrocyte clearance by liver Kupffer cells was reduced by 90% in Plg(-/-) mice compared with Plg(+/+) mice. A gene array of splenic and hepatic tissues from Plg(-/-) and Plg(+/+) mice showed downregulation of numerous genes in Plg(-/-) mice involved in phagocytosis and regulation of phagocytic gene expression was confirmed in macrophage-like cells. Thus, Plg may play an important role in innate immunity by changing expression of genes that contribute to phagocytosis.
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16
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Salama A, Janvier D, Mayer B, Saison C, Moscatelli H, Aucouturier F, Yilmaz P, Arnaud L, Wild V, Knop S, Cartron JP. Lethal autoimmune hemagglutination due to an immunoglobulin A autoagglutinin with Band 3 specificity. Transfusion 2014; 54:1988-95. [PMID: 24697848 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe a patient with a high-titer warm immunoglobulin (Ig)A autoantibody resulting in death due to hemagglutination rather than to hemolysis. CASE REPORT A 47-year-old male patient presented with an intriguing pronounced vascular erythema of the skin. A livedo reticularis associated with cold agglutinin of high thermal amplitude was suspected. The patient's condition unexpectedly and abruptly deteriorated resulting in death 3 days after admission. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Conventional serologic procedures and immunochemical methods were used. RESULTS Serologic and immunochemical examinations revealed a warm IgA autoantibody of high titer with anti-Band 3 specificity. Although the patient presented with severe anemia, only mild signs of hemolysis were observed, with no evidence of complement activation. The autopsy revealed an enormous accumulation of agglutinated red blood cells in liver and spleen and a B-cell lymphoma and cerebral edema. Thus, the patient's death was largely caused by hypoxia related to hemagglutination rather than to hemolysis and/or anemia per se. CONCLUSION Strongly hemagglutinating antibodies may not only cause immune hemolysis but also hypoxia due to intravascular hemagglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulgabar Salama
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Sonati T, Reimann RR, Falsig J, Baral PK, O'Connor T, Hornemann S, Yaganoglu S, Li B, Herrmann US, Wieland B, Swayampakula M, Rahman MH, Das D, Kav N, Riek R, Liberski PP, James MNG, Aguzzi A. The toxicity of antiprion antibodies is mediated by the flexible tail of the prion protein. Nature 2013; 501:102-6. [PMID: 23903654 DOI: 10.1038/nature12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion infections cause lethal neurodegeneration. This process requires the cellular prion protein (PrP(C); ref. 1), which contains a globular domain hinged to a long amino-proximal flexible tail. Here we describe rapid neurotoxicity in mice and cerebellar organotypic cultured slices exposed to ligands targeting the α1 and α3 helices of the PrP(C) globular domain. Ligands included seven distinct monoclonal antibodies, monovalent Fab1 fragments and recombinant single-chain variable fragment miniantibodies. Similar to prion infections, the toxicity of globular domain ligands required neuronal PrP(C), was exacerbated by PrP(C) overexpression, was associated with calpain activation and was antagonized by calpain inhibitors. Neurodegeneration was accompanied by a burst of reactive oxygen species, and was suppressed by antioxidants. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the superoxide-producing enzyme NOX2 (also known as CYBB) protected mice from globular domain ligand toxicity. We also found that neurotoxicity was prevented by deletions of the octapeptide repeats within the flexible tail. These deletions did not appreciably compromise globular domain antibody binding, suggesting that the flexible tail is required to transmit toxic signals that originate from the globular domain and trigger oxidative stress and calpain activation. Supporting this view, various octapeptide ligands were not only innocuous to both cerebellar organotypic cultured slices and mice, but also prevented the toxicity of globular domain ligands while not interfering with their binding. We conclude that PrP(C) consists of two functionally distinct modules, with the globular domain and the flexible tail exerting regulatory and executive functions, respectively. Octapeptide ligands also prolonged the life of mice expressing the toxic PrP(C) mutant, PrP(Δ94-134), indicating that the flexible tail mediates toxicity in two distinct PrP(C)-related conditions. Flexible tail-mediated toxicity may conceivably play a role in further prion pathologies, such as familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans bearing supernumerary octapeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Sonati
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Iglesias M, Postigo J, Santiuste I, González J, Buelta L, Tamayo E, Merino J, Merino R. p27(Kip1) inhibits systemic autoimmunity through the control of Treg cell activity and differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:343-54. [PMID: 23124840 DOI: 10.1002/art.37778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the importance of Treg cells in the maintenance of immunologic tolerance, the mechanisms that control their generation and activity are unknown. Since the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1) (p27) was involved in T cell anergy, we undertook this study to explore its role in both Treg cell processes. METHODS The development of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and lupus-like abnormalities was compared between transgenic mice overexpressing human Bcl-2 in T cells (BCL2-TgT mice) and nontransgenic mice that were deficient or not deficient in p27. The contribution of Treg cells to disease evolution was also explored. Finally, the in vitro activity of Treg cells and their differentiation from naive CD4+ cells was compared between these strains of mice. RESULTS BCL2-TgT mice were protected against CIA by a Treg cell-dependent mechanism. In association with this protection, the overexpression of Bcl-2 in T cells enhanced the differentiation and activity of Treg cells. Both Bcl-2 effects were independent of its antiapoptotic activity but dependent on its capacity to induce the expression of p27 that augmented the strength of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling in T cells. Accordingly, down-modulation of p27 expression in BCL2-TgT mice promoted CIA. In addition, p27 deficiency in aged C57BL/6 mice reduced the number and activity of Treg cells and induced the development of mild lupus-like abnormalities. CONCLUSION Our results point to p27 as a critical regulator of Treg cell differentiation and function through the positive modulation of TGFβ signaling strength in T cells.
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Otani M, Nakata J, Kihara M, Leroy V, Moll S, Wada Y, Izui S. O-glycosylated IgA rheumatoid factor induces IgA deposits and glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 23:438-46. [PMID: 22193386 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural aberrations of O-linked glycans present in the IgA1 hinge region are associated with IgA nephropathy, but their contribution to its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. In this study, mice implanted with hybridoma secreting 6-19 IgA anti-IgG2a rheumatoid factor, but not 46-42 IgA rheumatoid factor bearing the same IgA allotype, developed mesangial deposits consisting of IgA, IgG2a, and C3. Studies in immunoglobulin- and C3-deficient mice revealed that the development of these glomerular lesions required the formation of IgA-IgG2a immune complexes and subsequent activation of complement. The proportion of polymeric and monomeric forms, the IgG2a-binding affinity, and the serum levels of IgA-IgG2a immune complexes were similar between 6-19 IgA- and 46-42 IgA-injected mice. In contrast, the analysis of oligosaccharide structures revealed highly galactosylated O-linked glycans in the hinge region of 6-19 IgA and poorly O-glycosylated in the hinge region of 46-42 IgA. Furthermore, the structure of N-linked glycans in the CH1 domain was the complex type in 6-19 IgA and the hybrid type in 46-42 IgA. In summary, this study demonstrates the presence of O-linked glycans in the hinge region of mouse IgA and suggests that 6-19 IgA rheumatoid factor-induced GN could serve as an experimental model for IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Otani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Zhang R, Xiong C, Huang M, Zhou M, Huang Q, Wen X, Liang D, Li C. Peptide-conjugated polymeric micellar nanoparticles for Dual SPECT and optical imaging of EphB4 receptors in prostate cancer xenografts. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5872-9. [PMID: 21612822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
EphB4, a member of the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in numerous tumors. In this study, we developed a new class of multimodal nanoplatform for dual single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of EphB4. EphB4-binding peptide TNYL-FSPNGPIARAW (TNYL-RAW) was conjugated to polyethylene glycol-coated, core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPM) dually labeled with near-infrared fluorescence fluorophores (Cy7) and a radioisotope (indium 111). In vitro, TNYL-RAW-CCPM selectively bound to EphB4-positive PC-3M prostate cancer cells, but not to EphB4-negative A549 lung cancer cells. In vivo, PC-3M tumors were clearly visualized by both SPECT and near-infrared fluorescence tomography after intravenous administration of (111)In-labeled TNYL-RAW-CCPM. In contrast, there was little signal in A549 tumors of mice injected with (111)In-labeled TNYL-RAW-CCPM or in PC-3M tumors of mice injected with (111)In-labeled CCPM. The high accumulation of (111)In-labeled TNYL-RAW-CCPM in PC-3M tumor could be significantly reduced after co-injection with an excess amount of TNYL-RAW peptide. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that fluorescence signal from the nanoparticles correlated with their radioactivity count, and co-localized with the EphB4 expressing region. (111)In-labeled TNYL-RAW-CCPM allowed visualization of cancer cells overexpressing EphB4 by both nuclear and optical techniques. The complementary information acquired with multiple imaging techniques should be advantageous in early detection of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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21
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IgA-mediated human autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a result of hemagglutination in the spleen, but independent of complement activation and FcαRI. Blood 2010; 116:4141-7. [PMID: 20644119 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-276162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) due to warm-acting IgA autoantibodies is rare. We explored the pathogenic mechanisms underlying destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in a patient with severe AIHA mediated exclusively by polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) anti-Band 3 autoantibodies. The follow-up period was 17 months. RBCs were not destroyed by complement activation as no deposition of complement was observed on the patient's RBCs. pIgA eluted from the patient's RBCs did not induce RBC destruction through phagocytosis by monocytes or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. Induction of eryptosis (ie, RBC apoptosis) due to direct alteration of the RBC membrane by pIgA autoantibodies was also excluded. By contrast, upon incubation with pIgA-opsonized RBCs, substantial RBC membrane transfers (ie, trogocytosis) to monocytes were observed that might contribute to RBC immune destruction. This effect was poorly inhibited by blockers of Fc receptors, excluding a major contribution of FcαRI to this process. Histologic analysis revealed a massive accumulation of agglutinated RBCs with little sign of erythrophagocytosis in the spleen. These results, together with the efficacy of splenectomy 17 months after AIHA onset, suggest that the trapping and subsequent sequestration of agglutinated RBCs in the spleen are the principal pathogenic mechanisms of pIgA-mediated AIHA.
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22
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Abstract
Autoantibodies against red blood cell antigens are considered the diagnostic hallmark of AIHA: Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) completed by cytofluorometry and specific diagnostic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) allow for a better understanding of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) triggers. Once B-cell tolerance checkpoints are bypassed, the patient loses self-tolerance, if the AIHA is not also caused by an possible variety of secondary pathogenic events such as viral, neoplastic and underlying autoimmune entities, such as SLE or post-transplantation drawbacks; treatment of underlying diseases in secondary AIHA guides ways to curative AIHA treatment. The acute phase of AIHA, often lethal in former times, if readily diagnosed, must be treated using plasma exchange, extracorporeal immunoadsorption and/or RBC transfusion with donor RBCs devoid of the auto-antibody target antigen. Genotyping blood groups (www.bloodgen.com) and narrowing down the blood type subspecificities with diagnostic mAbs help to define the triggering autoantigen and to select well compatible donor RBC concentrates, which thus escape recognition by the autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Lambert
- Service of Hematology, University Hospitals of Canton Vaud (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Czajkowsky DM, Shao Z. The human IgM pentamer is a mushroom-shaped molecule with a flexural bias. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14960-5. [PMID: 19706439 PMCID: PMC2736442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903805106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The textbook planar model of pentameric IgM, a potent activator of complement C1q, is based upon the crystallographic structure of IgG. Although widely accepted, key predictions of this model have not yet been directly confirmed, which is particularly important since IgG lacks a major Ig fold domain in its Fc region that is present in IgM. Here, we construct a homology-based structural model of the IgM pentamer using the recently obtained crystallographic structure of IgE Fc, which has this additional Ig domain, under the constraint that all of the cysteine residues known to form disulfide bridges both within each monomer and between monomers are bonded together. In contrast to the planar model, this model predicts a non-planar, mushroom-shaped complex, with the central portion formed by the C-terminal domains protruding out of the plane formed by the Fab domains. This unexpected conformation of IgM is, however, directly confirmed by cryo-atomic force microscopy of individual human IgM molecules. Further analysis of this model with free energy calculations of out-of-plane Fab domain rotations reveals a pronounced asymmetry favoring flexions toward the central protrusion. This bias, together with polyvalent attachment to cell surface antigen, would ensure that the IgM pentamer is oriented on the cell membrane with its C1q binding sites fully exposed to the solution, and thus provides a mechanistic explanation for the first steps of C1q activation by IgM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Czajkowsky
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 800736, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Zhifeng Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 800736, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
- Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Garratty G. The James Blundell Award Lecture 2007: do we really understand immune red cell destruction? Transfus Med 2009; 18:321-34. [PMID: 19140815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2008.00891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have learned a great deal about immune red blood cell (RBC) destruction since the elaboration of biochemical/immunological interactions of antibodies, complement and macrophages during the past 50 years. We first learned about the direct lysis of RBCs involving complement. We then learned of the role of the macrophage (particularly in the spleen and the liver) in initiating phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of antibody-coated RBCs. Later, as the complexities of the human complement system were unravelled, we learned that complement-coated RBCs that were not directly haemolysed could interact with macrophages and that specific complement molecules on the RBC membrane could lead to a phagocytic event or the RBC (although heavily coated with complement) could survive normally. The application of isotope-labelling procedures (e.g. (51)Cr) for RBC survival (starting in the 1950s) advanced our knowledge considerably. Advances in knowledge in immunology helped us understand the complexity of the immunoglobulins (e.g. subclasses) and the specific receptors on macrophages and their role in immune haemolysis. Nevertheless, after more than 30 years researching this area, I am sometimes embarrassed to realize how much I cannot explain. Why do some patients have severe haemolytic transfusion reactions because of antibodies that are only detectable by one technique or not detectable by any? How do we explain autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with negative direct antiglobulin tests (DATs)? Why do RBCs strongly coated with immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 or IgG3 sometimes have normal survival? Are cells, other than macrophages, involved in immune RBC destruction? Could the relative amount of cytotoxicity vs. phagocytosis explain different clinical findings and response to treatment? How do we explain 'hyperhaemolysis' in sickle cell disease? Could novel mechanisms involving IgG glycosylation, CD47, 'armed' macrophages, bystander lysis, antibody activated reactive oxygen species, natural killer cells or antibody perturbation of RBC membrane be involved? Why do RBCs die after circulating for 100-120 days in healthy individuals? How should we define a 'clinically significant' antibody; how do we evaluate this? So many questions, so little time!
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garratty
- American Red Cross Blood Services, Southern California Region, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
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25
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Bosman GJCGM, Werre JM, Willekens FLA, Novotný VMJ. Erythrocyte ageingin vivoandin vitro: structural aspects and implications for transfusion. Transfus Med 2008; 18:335-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2008.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Borel P, Benkhoucha M, Weber MS, Zamvil SS, Santiago-Raber ML, Lalive PH. Glatiramer acetate treatment does not modify the clinical course of (NZB x BXSB)F1 lupus murine model. Int Immunol 2008; 20:1313-9. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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27
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Baudino L, Nimmerjahn F, Azeredo da Silveira S, Martinez-Soria E, Saito T, Carroll M, Ravetch JV, Verbeek JS, Izui S. Differential contribution of three activating IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIII, and FcgammaRIV) to IgG2a- and IgG2b-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1948-53. [PMID: 18209093 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Murine phagocytes express three different activating IgG FcgammaR: FcgammaRI is specific for IgG2a; FcgammaRIII for IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b; and FcgammaRIV for IgG2a and IgG2b. Although the role of FcgammaRIII in IgG1 and IgG2a anti-RBC-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is well documented, the contribution of FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIV to the development of IgG2a- and IgG2b-induced anemia has not yet been defined. In the present study, using mice deficient in FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIII, and C3, in combination with an FcgammaRIV-blocking mAb, we assessed the respective roles of these three FcgammaR in the development of mild and severe AIHA induced by two different doses (50 and 200 microg) of the IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses of the 34-3C anti-RBC monoclonal autoantibody. We observed that the development of mild anemia induced by a low dose of 34-3C IgG2a autoantibody was highly dependent on FcgammaRIII, while FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIV additionally contributed to the development of severe anemia induced by a high dose of this subclass. In contrast, the development of both mild and severe anemia induced by 34-3C IgG2b was dependent on FcgammaRIII and FcgammaRIV. Our results indicate differential roles of the three activating FcgammaR in IgG2a- and IgG2b-mediated AIHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Baudino
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Kikuno K, Kang DW, Tahara K, Torii I, Kubagawa HM, Ho KJ, Baudino L, Nishizaki N, Shibuya A, Kubagawa H. Unusual biochemical features and follicular dendritic cell expression of human Fcalpha/mu receptor. Eur J Immunol 2008; 37:3540-50. [PMID: 18000956 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Fc receptor for IgA and IgM (Fcalpha/muR) is of particular interest because it can bind antibodies of both IgM and IgA isotypes and thus may play a pivotal role in systemic and mucosal immunity. Using IgM and IgA ligands and newly generated Fcalpha/muR specific monoclonal antibodies we have defined biochemical features and cellular distribution of the human Fcalpha/muR. Both recombinant and native forms of human Fcalpha/muR are expressed on the cell surface as remarkably stable homodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that can bind specifically polymeric IgM or IgA. The only human B cells to express Fcalpha/muR, albeit at very low levels, are found in the pre-germinal center subpopulation defined by the IgD+/CD38+ phenotype. Hence the expression pattern differs from that of the mouse wherein Fcalpha/muR is expressed by both circulating and resident B cell populations. Significantly, the predominant cell type expressing the Fcalpha/muR in humans is the follicular dendritic cell of germinal centers. The Fcalpha/muR may thus function in antigen presentation and B cell selection in the germinal center response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kikuno
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294-2182, USA
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