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Tamura R, Dezawa S, Kato J, Nakata M, Kunori N, Takashima I. Transcranial direct current stimulation improves motor function in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonism. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114815. [PMID: 38122905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly being used for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the evaluation of its clinical impact remains complex owing to the heterogeneity of patients and treatments. Therefore, we used a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD rat model to investigate whether anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex (M1) alleviates PD motor deficits. Before tDCS treatment, unilateral PD rats preferentially used the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion in the exploratory cylinder test and showed reduced locomotor activity in the open field test. In addition, PD-related clumsy forelimb movements during treadmill walking were detected using deep learning-based video analysis (DeepLabCut). When the 5-day tDCS treatment began, the forelimb-use asymmetry was ameliorated gradually, and locomotor activity increased to pre-lesion levels. tDCS treatment also normalized unnatural forelimb movement during walking and restored a balanced gait. However, these therapeutic effects were rapidly lost or gradually disappeared when the tDCS treatment was terminated. Histological analysis at the end of the experiment revealed that the animals had moderately advanced PD, with 40-50% of dopamine neurons and fibers preserved on the injured side compared with those on the intact side. Although it remains a challenge to elucidate the neural mechanisms of the transient improvement in motor function induced by tDCS, the results of this study provide evidence that tDCS of the M1 produces positive behavioral outcomes in PD animals and provides the basis for further clinical research examining the application of tDCS in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Dezawa
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakata
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kunori
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takashima
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Informatics and Electronics, Daiichi Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Panda SR, Panja P, Soni U, Naidu VGM. Neurobehavioral Analysis to Assess Olfactory and Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:511-528. [PMID: 38427259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition, primarily affecting dopaminergic neurons. It is defined by motor impairments, such as bradykinesia, stiffness, resting tremor, and postural instability. The striatum, a structure essential for motor control, is impaired in function due to the significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the development of Lewy bodies in the surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons. Olfactory impairment is one of the earliest indications of neurodegenerative disorders like PD that appear years before motor symptoms and cognitive decline development. Olfactory dysfunction is the most common nonmotor PD sign in at least 90% of cases, frequently occurring 5-10 years before motor disturbances. Surprisingly, even though olfactory impairment is intimately linked to PD and is thought to be a potential biomarker, little is known about the brain process underlying this failure. Exposure to environmental toxins has been linked to olfactory dysfunction, leading to nigral neurodegeneration and loss of motor functions. Behavioral neuroscience plays a significant role in identifying and characterizing these olfactory and motor symptoms. In preclinical research, novel treatment approaches are being evaluated in rodent models by behavioral phenotyping to ensure their efficacy. This chapter describes neurobehavioral analysis to assess olfactory and motor dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pallabi Panja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ujjawal Soni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Sharma R, Neupane C, Pham TL, Lee M, Lee S, Lee SY, Nam MH, Kim CS, Park JB. Tonic Activation of NR2D-Containing NMDARs Exacerbates Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in MPTP-Injected Parkinsonian Mice. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7730-7744. [PMID: 37726169 PMCID: PMC10648527 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1955-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NR2D subunit-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs) gradually disappear during brain maturation but can be recruited by pathophysiological stimuli in the adult brain. Here, we report that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication recruited NR2D subunit-containing NMDARs that generated an Mg2+-resistant tonic NMDA current (INMDA) in dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain of mature male mice. MPTP selectively generated an Mg2+-resistant tonic INMDA in DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Consistently, MPTP increased NR2D but not NR2B expression in the midbrain regions. Pharmacological or genetic NR2D interventions abolished the generation of Mg2+-resistant tonic INMDA in SNpc DA neurons, and thus attenuated subsequent DA neuronal loss and gait deficits in MPTP-treated mice. These results show that extrasynaptic NR2D recruitment generates Mg2+-resistant tonic INMDA and exacerbates DA neuronal loss, thus contributing to MPTP-induced Parkinsonism. The state-dependent NR2D recruitment could be a novel therapeutic target for mitigating cell type-specific neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT NR2D subunit-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are widely expressed in the brain during late embryonic and early postnatal development, and then downregulated during brain maturation and preserved at low levels in a few regions of the adult brain. Certain stimuli can recruit NR2D subunits to generate tonic persistent NMDAR currents in nondepolarized neurons in the mature brain. Our results show that MPTP intoxication recruits NR2D subunits in midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which leads to tonic NMDAR current-promoting dopaminergic neuronal death and consequent abnormal gait behavior in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). This is the first study to indicate that extrasynaptic NR2D recruitment could be a target for preventing neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biomedicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Physiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08852, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjivi Neupane
- Department of Biomedicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Physiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08852, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Linh Pham
- Department of Biomedicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Physiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Miae Lee
- Physiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08852, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08852, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Physiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08852, Republic of Korea
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Timotius IK, Roelofs RF, Richmond-Hacham B, Noldus LPJJ, von Hörsten S, Bikovski L. CatWalk XT gait parameters: a review of reported parameters in pre-clinical studies of multiple central nervous system and peripheral nervous system disease models. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1147784. [PMID: 37351154 PMCID: PMC10284348 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1147784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated gait assessment tests are used in studies of disorders characterized by gait impairment. CatWalk XT is one of the first commercially available automated systems for analyzing the gait of rodents and is currently the most used system in peer-reviewed publications. This automated gait analysis system can generate a large number of gait parameters. However, this creates a new challenge in selecting relevant parameters that describe the changes within a particular disease model. Here, for the first time, we performed a multi-disorder review on published CatWalk XT data. We identify commonly reported CatWalk XT gait parameters derived from 91 peer-reviewed experimental studies in mice, covering six disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The disorders modeled in mice were traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, sciatic nerve injury (SNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), and ataxia. Our review consisted of parameter selection, clustering, categorization, statistical evaluation, and data visualization. It suggests that certain gait parameters serve as potential indicators of gait dysfunction across multiple disease models, while others are specific to particular models. The findings also suggest that the more site-specific the injury is, the fewer parameters are reported to characterize its gait abnormalities. This study strives to present a clearly organized picture of gait parameters used in each one of the different mouse models, potentially helping novel CatWalk XT users to apply this information to similar or related mouse models they are working on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna K. Timotius
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Indonesia
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Animal Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Bar Richmond-Hacham
- Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Lucas P. J. J. Noldus
- Noldus Information Technology BV, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Animal Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lior Bikovski
- Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
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5
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Santoro M, Fadda P, Klephan KJ, Hull C, Teismann P, Platt B, Riedel G. Neurochemical, histological, and behavioral profiling of the acute, sub-acute, and chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2023; 164:121-142. [PMID: 36184945 PMCID: PMC10098710 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous multi-systemic disorder unique to humans characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Preclinical experimental models of PD present limitations and inconsistent neurochemical, histological, and behavioral readouts. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD is the most common in vivo screening platform for novel drug therapies; nonetheless, behavioral endpoints yielded amongst laboratories are often discordant and inconclusive. In this study, we characterized neurochemically, histologically, and behaviorally three different MPTP mouse models of PD to identify translational traits reminiscent of PD symptomatology. MPTP was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered in three different regimens: (i) acute-four injections of 20 mg/kg of MPTP every 2 h; (ii) sub-acute-one daily injection of 30 mg/kg of MPTP for 5 consecutive days; and (iii) chronic-one daily injection of 4 mg/kg of MPTP for 28 consecutive days. A series of behavioral tests were conducted to assess motor and non-motor behavioral changes including anxiety, endurance, gait, motor deficits, cognitive impairment, circadian rhythm and food consumption. Impairments in balance and gait were confirmed in the chronic and acute models, respectively, with the latter showing significant correlation with lesion size. The sub-acute model, by contrast, presented with generalized hyperactivity. Both, motor and non-motor changes were identified in the acute and sub-acute regime where habituation to a novel environment was significantly reduced. Moreover, we report increased water and food intake across all three models. Overall, the acute model displayed the most severe lesion size, while across the three models striatal dopamine content (DA) did not correlate with the behavioral performance. The present study demonstrates that detection of behavioral changes following MPTP exposure is challenging and does not correlate with the dopaminergic lesion extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoro
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Present address:
Department of Neurosurgery, School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paola Fadda
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Katie J. Klephan
- Newcastle UniversitySchool of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport SciencesNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Present address:
AccuRXLondonLondonUK
| | - Claire Hull
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Peter Teismann
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Bettina Platt
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Gernot Riedel
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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6
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Doyle AM, Bauer D, Hendrix C, Yu Y, Nebeck SD, Fergus S, Krieg J, Wilmerding LK, Blumenfeld M, Lecy E, Spencer C, Luo Z, Sullivan D, Brackman K, Ross D, Best S, Verma A, Havel T, Wang J, Johnson L, Vitek JL, Johnson MD. Spatiotemporal scaling changes in gait in a progressive model of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1041934. [PMID: 36582611 PMCID: PMC9792983 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1041934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gait dysfunction is one of the most difficult motor signs to treat in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding its pathophysiology and developing more effective therapies for parkinsonian gait dysfunction will require preclinical studies that can quantitatively and objectively assess the spatial and temporal features of gait. Design We developed a novel system for measuring volitional, naturalistic gait patterns in non-human primates, and then applied the approach to characterize the progression of parkinsonian gait dysfunction across a sequence of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatments that allowed for intrasubject comparisons across mild, moderate, and severe stages. Results Parkinsonian gait dysfunction was characterized across treatment levels by a slower stride speed, increased time in both the stance and swing phase of the stride cycle, and decreased cadence that progressively worsened with overall parkinsonian severity. In contrast, decreased stride length occurred most notably in the moderate to severe parkinsonian state. Conclusion The results suggest that mild parkinsonism in the primate model of PD starts with temporal gait deficits, whereas spatial gait deficits manifest after reaching a more severe parkinsonian state overall. This study provides important context for preclinical studies in non-human primates studying the neurophysiology of and treatments for parkinsonian gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Doyle
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Devyn Bauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Claudia Hendrix
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Shane D. Nebeck
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sinta Fergus
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jordan Krieg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lucius K. Wilmerding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Madeline Blumenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emily Lecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Chelsea Spencer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ziling Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Disa Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Krista Brackman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dylan Ross
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sendréa Best
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ajay Verma
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tyler Havel
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Luke Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jerrold L. Vitek
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Matthew D. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Matthew D. Johnson
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Sun X, Li X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Qi X, Wang S, Qin C. Longitudinal assessment of motor function following the unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:982218. [PMID: 36505729 PMCID: PMC9730519 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.982218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the widespread use of the unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model in mice in recent years, the stability of behavioral deficits in the 6-OHDA striatal mouse model over time is not yet clear, raising concerns about using this model to evaluate a compound's long-term therapeutic effects. Materials and methods In the current study, mice were tested at regular intervals in the cylinder test and gait analysis beginning 3 days after 6-OHDA injection of 4 and 8 μg and lasting until 56 days post-lesion. Apomorphine-induced rotational test and rotarod test were also performed on Day 23 and 43 post-lesion, respectively. Immunohistochemistry for dopaminergic neurons stained by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was also performed. Results Our results showed that both the 4 and 8 μg 6-OHDA lesion groups exhibited forelimb use asymmetry with a preference for the ipsilateral (injection) side on Day 3 and until Day 21 post-lesion, but did not show forelimb asymmetry on Day 28 to 56 post-lesion. The 8 μg 6-OHDA lesion group still exhibited forelimb asymmetry on Day 28 and 42 post-lesion, but not on Day 56. The gait analysis showed that the contralateral front and hind step cycles increased from Day 3 to 42 post-lesion and recovered on Day 56 post-lesion. In addition, our results displayed a dose-dependent reduction in TH+ cells and TH+ fibers, as well as dose-dependent apomorphine-induced rotations. In the rotarod test, the 8 μg 6-OHDA lesion group, but not the 4 μg group, decreased the latency to fall on the rotarod on Day 43 post-lesion. Conclusion In summary, unilateral striatal 6-OHDA injections of 4 and 8 μg induced spontaneous motor impairment in mice, which partially recovered starting on Day 28 post-lesion. Forced motor deficits were observed in the 8 g 6-OHDA lesion group, which remained stable on Day 43 post-lesion. In addition, the rotarod test and apomorphine-induced rotational test can distinguish between lesions of different extents and are useful tools for the assessment of functional recovery in studies screening novel potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Sun
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xianglei Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China,Changping National Laboratory (CPNL), Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Chuan Qin,
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Ren C, Wang F, He KJ, Zhang YT, Li LX, Zhang JB, Chen J, Mao CJ, Liu CF. Early-Life Stress Induces Prodromal Features of Parkinsonism in Ageing Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:705-716. [PMID: 34448826 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) can cause long-term effects on human health, ranging from adolescence to adulthood, and even to gerontic. Although clinical retrospective data suggest that ELS may be related to senile neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), there are few prospective investigations to explore its real contribution to PD. Here, we investigated the behavioral, histochemical, neuromorphological, and transcriptional changes induced by maternal separation (MS), an ELS model. Without neurotoxin, MS rats showed behavioral alterations in olfaction, locomotion, and gait characters after depression compared with control rats. Based on neuroimaging and histochemistry, although we found that the dopaminergic system in the striatum was impaired after MS, the decrease of striatal dopamine level was ~33%. Consistently, tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining positive neurons of MS rats in the substantia nigra showed deficit by about 20% in cell counting. Furthermore, using transcriptome sequencing, we discovered many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MS rats in the striatum significantly enriched in the pathway of dopaminergic synapse, and the biological process of locomotion and neuromuscular process controlling balance. Encouragingly, some representative DEGs relating to PD were singled out. These results suggest that ELS-depression rats potentially mimic some key features of prodromal stage of PD during natural senescence. In conclusion, our findings provide some novel insights into the future pathogenesis and therapeutic studies for PD related to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Zhang J, Sun B, Yang J, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang N, Li H, Shen L. Comparison of the effect of rotenone and 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine on inducing chronic Parkinson's disease in mouse models. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:91. [PMID: 35039876 PMCID: PMC8809117 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) are very useful in understanding the pathogenesis of PD and screening for new therapeutic approaches. The present study compared two commonly used neurotoxin‑induced mouse models of chronic PD to guide model selection, explore the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying PD and develop effective treatments. The chronic PD mouse models were established via treatment with rotenone or 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 weeks. The effects of rotenone and MPTP in the mice were compared by assessing neurobehavior, neuropathology and mitochondrial function through the use of the pole, rotarod and open field tests, immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium‑binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‑1), neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and (p)S129 α‑synuclein, immunofluorescence for GFAP, Iba‑1 and NeuN, western blotting for TH, oxygen consumption, complex I enzyme activity. The locomotor activity, motor coordination and exploratory behavior in both rotenone and MPTP groups were significantly lower compared with the control group. However, behavioral tests were no significant differences between the two groups. In the MPTP group, the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, the reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase content in the SN and striatum and the astrocyte proliferation and microglial activation in the SN were more significant compared with the rotenone group. Notably, mitochondrial‑dependent oxygen consumption and complex I enzyme activity in the SN were significantly reduced in the rotenone group compared with the MPTP group. In addition, Lewy bodies were present only in SN neurons in the rotenone group. Although no significant differences in neurobehavior were observed between the two mouse models, the MPTP model reproduced the pathological features of PD more precisely in terms of the loss of DA neurons, decreased dopamine levels and neuroinflammation in the SN. On the other hand, the rotenone model was more suitable for studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction (deficient complex I activity) and Lewy body formation in the SN, which is a characteristic pathological feature of PD. The results indicated that MPTP and rotenone PD models have advantages and disadvantages, therefore one or both should be selected based on the purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Bohao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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10
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ASL expression in ALDH1A1 + neurons in the substantia nigra metabolically contributes to neurodegenerative phenotype. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1471-1485. [PMID: 34417872 PMCID: PMC8460544 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is essential for the NO-dependent regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and thus for catecholamine production. Using a conditional mouse model with loss of ASL in catecholamine neurons, we demonstrate that ASL is expressed in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, including the ALDH1A1 + subpopulation that is pivotal for the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Neuronal loss of ASL results in catecholamine deficiency, in accumulation and formation of tyrosine aggregates, in elevation of α-synuclein, and phenotypically in motor and cognitive deficits. NO supplementation rescues the formation of aggregates as well as the motor deficiencies. Our data point to a potential metabolic link between accumulations of tyrosine and seeding of pathological aggregates in neurons as initiators for the pathological processes involved in neurodegeneration. Hence, interventions in tyrosine metabolism via regulation of NO levels may be therapeutic beneficial for the treatment of catecholamine-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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11
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Garrick JM, Costa LG, Cole TB, Marsillach J. Evaluating Gait and Locomotion in Rodents with the CatWalk. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e220. [PMID: 34370398 PMCID: PMC8363132 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Motor deficits can significantly affect the completion of daily life activities and have a negative impact on quality of life. Consequently, motor function is an important behavioral endpoint to measure for in vivo pathophysiologic studies in a variety of research areas, such as toxicant exposure, drug development, disease characterization, and transgenic phenotyping. Evaluation of motor function is also critical to the interpretation of cognitive behavioral assays, as many rely on intact motor abilities to derive meaningful data. As such, gait analysis is an important component of behavioral research and can be achieved by manual or video-assisted methods. Manual gait analysis methods, however, are prone to observer bias and are unable to capture many critical parameters. In contrast, automated video-assisted gait analysis can quickly and reliably assess gait and locomotor abnormalities that were previously difficult to collect manually. Here, we describe the evaluation of gait and locomotion in rodents using the automated Noldus CatWalk XT system. We include a step-by-step guide for running an experiment using the CatWalk XT system and discuss theory and considerations when evaluating rodent gait. The protocol and discussion provided here act as a supplemental resource to the manual for this commercially available system and can assist CatWalk users in their experimental design and implementation. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Garrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucio G. Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Toby B. Cole
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center on Human Development and Disabilities, University of Washington, United States
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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12
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Du Y, Yang X, Li Z, Le W, Hao Y, Song Y, Wang F, Guan Y. HDAC6-mediated Hsp90 deacetylation reduces aggregation and toxicity of the protein alpha-synuclein by regulating chaperone-mediated autophagy. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105141. [PMID: 34298079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to control major cell response pathways to the cytotoxic ubiquitinated aggregates in some protein aggregation diseases. However, it is not well known whether HDAC6 affects the aggregation process of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we demonstrated that HDAC6 inhibition exacerbated the nigrostriatal dopamine neurodegeneration and up-regulated α-syn oligomers in a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)-dependent manner in PD mouse model. Here, we further showed that HDAC6 overexpression partly improved the behavior deficits of the PD model and alleviated the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons injury. Furthermore, HDAC6 was found to regulate α-syn oligomers levels through activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). During this process, Hsp90 deacetylation mediated the crosstalk between HDAC6 and lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and mutational analysis showed that acetylation status Hsp90 at the K489 site was a strong determinant for HDAC6-induced CMA activation, α-syn oligomers levels, and cell survival in the cell model of PD. Therefore, our findings uncovered the mechanism of HDAC6 in the PD model that HDAC6 regulated α-syn oligomers levels and DA neurons survival partly through modulating CMA, and Hsp90 deacetylation at the K489 site mediated the crosstalk between HDAC6 and CMA. HDAC6 and its downstream effectors appear as key modulators of the cytotoxic α-syn aggregates, which deserve further investigations to evaluate their values as potential therapeutic targets in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlan Du
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeping Song
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Khan A, Johnson R, Wittmer C, Maile M, Tatsukawa K, Wong JL, Gill MB, Stocking EM, Natala SR, Paulino AD, Bowden-Verhoek JK, Wrasidlo W, Masliah E, Bonhaus DW, Price DL. NPT520-34 improves neuropathology and motor deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain 2021; 144:3692-3709. [PMID: 34117864 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NPT520-34 is a clinical-stage, small molecule being developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The therapeutic potential of NPT520-34 was first suggested by findings from cell-based assays of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) clearance. As reported here, NPT520-34 was subsequently evaluated for therapeutically relevant actions in a transgenic animal model of Parkinson's disease that overexpresses human ASYN and in an acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenge model using wild-type mice. Daily administration of NPT520-34 to mThy1-ASYN (Line 61) transgenic mice for one or three months resulted in reduced ASYN pathology, reduced expression of markers of neuroinflammation, and improvements in multiple indices of motor function. In an LPS-challenge model using wild-type mice, a single-dose of NPT520-34 reduced LPS-evoked increases in the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma. These findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of NPT520-34 on both inflammation and protein-pathology endpoints, with consequent improvements in motor function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. These findings further suggest that NPT520-34 may have two complementary actions: (1) to increase the clearance of neurotoxic protein aggregates and (2) to directly attenuate inflammation. NPT520-34 treatment may thereby address two of the predominate underlying pathophysiological aspects of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Khan
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Robert Johnson
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Carrie Wittmer
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michelle Maile
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Keith Tatsukawa
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Julian L Wong
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Martin B Gill
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Emily M Stocking
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Natala
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Amy D Paulino
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jon K Bowden-Verhoek
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wrasidlo
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Douglas W Bonhaus
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Diana L Price
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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14
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Guo YL, Duan WJ, Lu DH, Ma XH, Li XX, Li Z, Bi W, Kurihara H, Liu HZ, Li YF, He RR. Autophagy-dependent removal of α-synuclein: a novel mechanism of GM1 ganglioside neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:518-528. [PMID: 32724177 PMCID: PMC8115090 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 ganglioside is particularly abundant in the mammalian central nervous system and has shown beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of GM1 ganglioside in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vivo and in vitro. Mice were injected with MPTP (30 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) for 5 days, resulting in a subacute model of PD. PD mice were treated with GM1 ganglioside (25, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) for 2 weeks. We showed that GM1 ganglioside administration substantially improved the MPTP-induced behavioral disturbance and increased the levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatal tissues. In the MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells and α-synuclein (α-Syn) A53T-overexpressing PC12 (PC12α-Syn A53T) cells, treatment with GM1 ganglioside (40 μM) significantly decreased α-Syn accumulation and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We further revealed that treatment with GM1 ganglioside promoted autophagy, evidenced by the autophagosomes that appeared in the substantia nigra of PD mice as well as the changes of autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II and p62) in the MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or bafilomycin A1 abrogated the in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective effects of GM1 ganglioside. Using GM1 ganglioside labeled with FITC fluorescent, we observed apparent colocalization of GM1-FITC and α-Syn as well as GM1-FITC and LC3 in PC12α-Syn A53T cells. GM1 ganglioside significantly increased the phosphorylation of autophagy regulatory proteins ATG13 and ULK1 in doxycycline-treated PC12α-Syn A53T cells and the MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which was inhibited by 3-MA. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the anti-PD role of GM1 ganglioside resulted from activation of autophagy-dependent α-Syn clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan-Hua Lu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Bi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hai-Zhi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Department, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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15
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Zheng ZY, Lu G, Xiong ZQ, Leung CK, Su XW, Li T, Poon WS, Chan WY, Wong GKC. Integrated analysis of gait parameters and gene expression profiles in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12728. [PMID: 33641236 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gait analysis has been widely used to examine the behavioral presentation of numerous neurological disorders. Thorough murine model evaluation of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-associated gait deficits is missing. This study measures gait deficits using a clinically relevant murine model of SAH to examine associations between gait variability and SAH-associated gene expressions. A total of 159 dynamic and static gait parameters from the endovascular perforation murine model for simulating clinical human SAH were determined using the CatWalk system. Eighty gait parameters and the mRNA expression levels of 35 of the 88 SAH-associated genes were differentially regulated in the diseased models. Totals of 42 and 38 gait parameters correlated with the 35 SAH-associated genes positively and negatively with Pearson's correlation coefficients of >0.7 and <-0.7, respectively. p-SP1453 expression in the motor cortex in SAH animal models displays a significant correlation with a subset of gait parameters associated with muscular strength and coordination of limb movements. Our data highlights a strong correlation between gait variability and SAH-associated gene expression. p-SP1453 expression could act as a biomarker to monitor SAH pathological development and a therapeutic target for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yuan Zheng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Qiang Xiong
- Bioinformatics Unit, SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Kwan Leung
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Wei Su
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tu Li
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George Kwok Chu Wong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Yu Y, Hou K, Ji T, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Xu J, Hou Y, Chi G. The role of exosomal microRNAs in central nervous system diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2111-2124. [PMID: 33528706 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA), endogenous non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides long, regulate gene expression by mediating translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Exosomes are a tool for intercellular transmission of information in which miRNA exchange plays an important role. Under pathophysiological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), cellular transmission of exosomal miRNAs can regulate signaling pathways. Exosomal miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of diverse CNS diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and glioma. The use of exosomes as transport vehicles for certain miRNAs provides a novel therapeutic strategy for CNS diseases. Furthermore, the exosomes in body fluids change with the occurrence of diseases, indicating that subtle changes in physiological and pathological processes in vivo could be recognized by analyzing exosomes. Exosomal analysis is expected to act as a novel tool for diagnosis and prediction of neurological diseases. In this review, we present the current understanding of the implications of miRNAs in CNS diseases and summarize the role and mechanism of action of exosomal miRNA in nervous system disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Heikkinen T, Bragge T, Bhattarai N, Parkkari T, Puoliväli J, Kontkanen O, Sweeney P, Park LC, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Rapid and robust patterns of spontaneous locomotor deficits in mouse models of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243052. [PMID: 33370315 PMCID: PMC7769440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe disruption of cognitive and motor functions, including changes in posture and gait. A number of HD mouse models have been engineered that display behavioral and neuropathological features of the disease, but gait alterations in these models are poorly characterized. Sensitive high-throughput tests of fine motor function and gait in mice might be informative in evaluating disease-modifying interventions. Here, we describe a hypothesis-free workflow that determines progressively changing locomotor patterns across 79 parameters in the R6/2 and Q175 mouse models of HD. R6/2 mice (120 CAG repeats) showed motor disturbances as early as at 4 weeks of age. Similar disturbances were observed in homozygous and heterozygous Q175 KI mice at 3 and 6 months of age, respectively. Interestingly, only the R6/2 mice developed forelimb ataxia. The principal components of the behavioral phenotypes produced two phenotypic scores of progressive postural instability based on kinematic parameters and trajectory waveform data, which were shared by both HD models. This approach adds to the available HD mouse model research toolbox and has a potential to facilitate the development of therapeutics for HD and other debilitating movement disorders with high unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Bragge
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Bhattarai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Larry C Park
- Naason Science Inc., Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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18
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Lin CW, Fan CH, Chang YC, Hsieh-Li HM. ERK activation precedes Purkinje cell loss in mice with Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135337. [PMID: 32877710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG expansion in the gene encoding the TATA-binding protein (TBP). The neurological features of SCA17 are Purkinje cell loss and gliosis. We have generated SCA17 transgenic mice which recapitulate the patients' phenotypes and are suitable for the study of the SCA17 pathomechanism. Our previous study identified the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) occurred in the SCA17 cerebella, this study aims to study the role of ERK activation in SCA17. The levels of pERK, calbindin, and gliosis markers on the mouse cerebellum at 4-8 weeks old were analyzed to elucidate the correlation among behavioral performance, ERK activation and Purkinje cell degeneration. The motor incoordination was initiated in SCA17 mice at 6 weeks old. We found that the presence of TBP nuclear aggregation and microglia activation were observed at 4 weeks old. Gliosis of astrocytes and Bergmann glia, pERK, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and caspase-3 were significantly increased in the 6-week-old SCA17 mouse cerebellum. In addition to the polyglutamine-protein aggregation in Purkinje cells caused apoptosis cell-autonomously, a significant body of evidence have shown that ERK pathways involves in neuronal apoptosis. Our study showed that the activation of ERK in the astrocytes and Bergmann glia was identified as preceding motor deficits, which suggest the elevated gliosis by ERK activation may contribute to neuronal apoptosis in SCA17 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Fan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
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Chronic stress induced depressive-like behaviors in a classical murine model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:112816. [PMID: 32783904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression occurs in around 40 % of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and contributes to severe disability and a poor quality of life. The underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of depression in PD (PDD) remain obscure, due to a lack of stable animal models of PDD. In this study, we established a PDD model by inducing exposure to chronic mild (CMS) and strong stress (CSS) using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in PD mice. We detected changes in motor and non-motor symptoms, brain structure, neurotransmitters, levels of 5-HT related genes and inflammation. CMS exposed PD (PDMS) mice exhibited obviously decreased levels of neuromuscular strength and enhanced levels of inflammation, compared with that of control mice. CSS exposed MPTP (PDSS) mice exhibited the highest level of motor impairment and depression states along with the highest levels of inflammation enhancement and a decrease in the expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) related genes in all groups. Our results suggested that CSS can successfully induce stable depression like symptoms in sub-chronic MPTP PD mice and appears to be a valuable tool for investigating PDD. Furthermore, it was found that 5-HT system dysfunction may contribute to depression like symptoms in PD.
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20
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Silhouette-Length-Scaled Gait Parameters for Motor Functional Analysis in Mice and Rats. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0100-19.2019. [PMID: 31604813 PMCID: PMC6825954 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0100-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait analysis of transgenic mice and rats modeling human diseases often suffers from the condition that those models exhibit genotype-driven differences in body size, weight, and length. Thus, we hypothesized that scaling by the silhouette length improves the reliability of gait analysis allowing normalization for individual body size differences. Here, we computed video-derived silhouette length and area parameters from a standard markerless gait analysis system using image-processing techniques. By using length- and area-derived data along with body weight and age, we systematically scaled individual gait parameters. We compared these different scaling approaches and report here that normalization for silhouette length improves the validity and reliability of gait analysis in general. The application of this silhouette length scaling to transgenic Huntington disease mice and Parkinson´s disease rats identifies the remaining differences reflecting more reliable, body length-independent motor functional differences. Overall, this emphasizes the need for silhouette-length-based intra-assay scaling as an improved standard approach in rodent gait analysis.
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21
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Chen M, Lyu H, Li T, Su XW, Leung CK, Xiong MZQ, Poon WS, Cai YF, Lu G, Chan WY, Wang LX. Study of the association between gait variability and gene expressions in a mouse model of transient focal ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:52-63. [PMID: 31512542 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1663188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Gait variability analysis has been clinically adopted to characterize the presentation of various neurological diseases. However, literature and practice lack a comprehensive murine model assessment of the gait deficits that result from transient focal ischemic stroke. Further, correlations between gait parameters and the gene expression profiles associated with brain ischemia have yet to be identified. This study quantitatively assesses gait deficits through a murine model of transient focal cerebral ischemia on day 7 to determine associations between gait deficits and ischemia-related gene expressions.Methods: A total of 182 dynamic and static gait parameters from the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) murine model for simulating human transient focal ischemic stroke on day 7 were measured using the CatWalk system. Pearson's correlation analysis and genes associated with ischemia were identified from the existing literature to aid the investigation of the relationship between gait variability and gene expression profiles.Results: Thirty-nine gait parameters and the mRNA expression levels of four of the eight ischemia-associated genes exhibited more significant change in the MCAO models (p < 0.005) on day 7. Twenty-six gait parameters exhibited strong correlations with four ischemia-associated genes.Conclusion: This examination of gait variability and the strong correlation to the gene expression profiles associated with transient focal brain ischemia on day 7 provides a quantitative and reliable assessment of the MCAO model's motor performance. This research provides valuable insights into the study of disease progression and offers novel therapeutic interventions in the murine modeling of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Neurology Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guang Zhou, China.,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tu Li
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Wei Su
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Kwan Leung
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark Zhi Qiang Xiong
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Neurology Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Ningxia Human Stem Cell Institute, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Neurology Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guang Zhou, China
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22
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Bantle CM, Phillips AT, Smeyne RJ, Rocha SM, Olson KE, Tjalkens RB. Infection with mosquito-borne alphavirus induces selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, neuroinflammation and widespread protein aggregation. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 5:20. [PMID: 31531390 PMCID: PMC6744428 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinvasive infections with mosquito-borne alphaviruses such as Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) can cause post-encephalitic parkinsonism. To understand the mechanisms underlying these neurological effects, we examined the capacity of WEEV to induce progressive neurodegeneration in outbred CD-1 mice following non-lethal encephalitic infection. Animals were experientally infected with recombinant WEEV expressing firefly luciferase or dsRed (RFP) reporters and the extent of viral replication was controlled using passive immunotherapy. WEEV spread along the neuronal axis from the olfactory bulb to the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and basal midbrain by 4 days post infection (DPI). Infection caused activation of microglia and astrocytes, selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and neurobehavioral abnormalities. After 8 weeks, surviving mice displayed continued loss of dopamine neurons in the SNpc, lingering glial cell activation and gene expression profiles consistent with a neurodegenerative phenotype. Strikingly, prominent proteinase K-resistant protein aggregates were present in the the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and basal midbrain that stained positively for phospho-serine129 α-synuclein (SNCA). These results indicate that WEEV may cause lasting neurological deficits through a severe neuroinflammatory response promoting both neuronal injury and protein aggregation in surviving individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin M Bantle
- 1Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Aaron T Phillips
- 1Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA.,2Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Richard J Smeyne
- 3Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Savannah M Rocha
- 2Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Ken E Olson
- 2Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- 1Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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23
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Broom L, Worley A, Gao F, Hernandez LD, Ashton CE, Shih LC, VanderHorst VG. Translational methods to detect asymmetries in temporal and spatial walking metrics in parkinsonian mouse models and human subjects with Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2437. [PMID: 30792396 PMCID: PMC6385183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical signs in Parkinson's disease (PD), including parkinsonian gait, are often asymmetric, but mechanisms underlying gait asymmetries in PD remain poorly understood. A translational toolkit, a set of standardized measures to capture gait asymmetries in relevant mouse models and patients, would greatly facilitate research efforts. We validated approaches to quantify asymmetries in placement and timing of limbs in mouse models of parkinsonism and human PD subjects at speeds that are relevant for human walking. In mice, we applied regression analysis to compare left and right gait metrics within a condition. To compare alternation ratios of left and right limbs before and after induction of parkinsonism, we used circular statistics. Both approaches revealed asymmetries in hind- and forelimb step length in a unilateral PD model, but not in bilateral or control models. In human subjects, a similar regression approach showed a step length asymmetry in the PD but not control group. Sub-analysis of cohorts with predominant postural instability-gait impairment and with predominant tremor revealed asymmetries for step length in both cohorts and for swing time only in the former cohort. This translational approach captures asymmetries of gait in mice and patients. Application revealed striking differences between models, and that spatial and temporal asymmetries may occur independently. This approach will be useful to investigate circuit mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity between models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Broom
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Audrey Worley
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fay Gao
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura D Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christine E Ashton
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ludy C Shih
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Veronique G VanderHorst
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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24
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Altered interplay between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2328-2337. [PMID: 30659145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810932116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MFN2 gene encoding Mitofusin 2 lead to the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), a dominant axonal form of peripheral neuropathy. Mitofusin 2 is localized at both the outer membrane of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and is particularly enriched at specialized contact regions known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). We observed that expression of MFN2R94Q induces distal axonal degeneration in the absence of overt neuronal death. The presence of mutant protein leads to reduction in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria contacts in CMT2A patient-derived fibroblasts, in primary neurons and in vivo, in motoneurons of a mouse model of CMT2A. These changes are concomitant with endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium handling defects, and changes in the geometry and axonal transport of mitochondria. Importantly, pharmacological treatments reinforcing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk, or reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, restore the mitochondria morphology and prevent axonal degeneration. These results highlight defects in MAM as a cellular mechanism contributing to CMT2A pathology mediated by mutated MFN2.
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25
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Gratuze M, Josset N, Petry FR, Pflieger M, Eyoum Jong L, Truchetti G, Poitras I, Julien J, Bezeau F, Morin F, Samadi P, Cicchetti F, Bretzner F, Planel E. The toxin MPTP generates similar cognitive and locomotor deficits in hTau and tau knock-out mice. Brain Res 2019; 1711:106-114. [PMID: 30641037 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor deficits, although cognitive disturbances are frequent and have been noted early in the disease. The main pathological characteristics of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of aggregated α-synuclein in Lewy bodies of surviving cells. Studies have also documented the presence of other proteins within Lewy bodies, particularly tau, a microtubule-associated protein implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, tau pathology correlates with cognitive dysfunction, and tau mutations have been reported to lead to dementia associated with parkinsonism. However, the role of tau in PD pathogenesis remains unclear. To address this question, we induced parkinsonism by injecting the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in hTau mice, a mouse model of tauopathy expressing human tau, and a mouse model knock-out for tau (TKO). We found that although MPTP impaired locomotion (gait analysis) and cognition (Barnes maze), there were no discernable differences between hTau and TKO mice. MPTP also induced a slight but significant increase in tau phosphorylation (Thr205) in the hippocampus of hTau mice, as well as a significant decrease in the soluble and insoluble tau fractions that correlated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem. Overall, our findings suggest that, although MPTP can induce an increase in tau phosphorylation at specific epitopes, tau does not seem to causally contribute to cognitive and locomotor deficits induced by this toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Gratuze
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Josset
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Franck R Petry
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pflieger
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Eyoum Jong
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Truchetti
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Poitras
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Julien
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Bezeau
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Françoise Morin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pershia Samadi
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Bretzner
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
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26
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Stem Cell Transplantation and Physical Exercise in Parkinson's Disease, a Literature Review of Human and Animal Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:166-176. [PMID: 29270820 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The absence of effective and satisfactory treatments that contribute to repairing the dopaminergic damage caused by Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the limited recovery capacity of the nervous system are troubling issues and the focus of many research and clinical domains. Recent advances in the treatment of PD through stem cell (SC) therapy have recognized their promising restorative and neuroprotective effects that are implicated in the potentiation of endogenous mechanisms of repair and contribute to functional locomotor improvement. Physical exercise (PE) has been considered an adjuvant intervention that by itself induces beneficial effects in patients and animal models with Parkinsonism. In this sense, the combination of both therapies could provide synergic or superior effects for motor recovery, in contrast with their individual use. This review aims to provide an update on recent progress and the potential effectiveness of SC transplantation and PE for the treatment of locomotor deficits in PD. It has reviewed the neuropathological pathways involved in the classical motor symptoms of this condition and the mechanisms of action described in experimental studies that are associated with locomotor enhancement through exercise, cellular transplantation, and their union in some neurodegenerative conditions.
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27
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Zhang L, Chen J. Biological Effects of Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside: An Active Component of a Rhizome Extracted from Polygonum multiflorum. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3641960. [PMID: 30524653 PMCID: PMC6247474 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3641960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used in the Orient as a tonic and antiaging agent. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9, FW = 406.38928) is one of the active components extracted from PM. TSG is an antioxidant agent, which exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities in vivo and in vitro. The antioxidant effect of TSG is achieved by its radical-scavenging effects. TSG can inhibit apoptosis and protect neuronal cells against injury through multifunctional cytoprotective pathways. TSG performs prophylactic and therapeutic activities against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. It is also antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory. However, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological activities are unclear. This study aimed at reviewing experimental studies and describing the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianzong Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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28
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Rostosky CM, Milosevic I. Gait Analysis of Age-dependent Motor Impairments in Mice with Neurodegeneration. J Vis Exp 2018:57752. [PMID: 29985360 PMCID: PMC6101764 DOI: 10.3791/57752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor behavior tests are commonly used to determine the functional relevance of a rodent model and to test newly developed treatments in these animals. Specifically, gait analysis allows recapturing disease relevant phenotypes that are observed in human patients, especially in neurodegenerative diseases that affect motor abilities such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In early studies along this line, the measurement of gait parameters was laborious and depended on factors that were hard to control (e.g., running speed, continuous running). The development of ventral plane imaging (VPI) systems made it feasible to perform gait analysis at a large scale, making this method a useful tool for the assessment of motor behavior in rodents. Here, we present an in-depth protocol of how to use kinematic gait analysis to examine the age-dependent progression of motor deficits in mouse models of neurodegeneration; mouse lines with decreased levels of endophilin, in which neurodegenerative damage progressively increases with age, are used as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ira Milosevic
- European Neuroscience Institute (ENI); University Medical Center Göttigen (UMG);
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29
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Hammond SL, Popichak KA, Li X, Hunt LG, Richman EH, Damale PU, Chong EKP, Backos DS, Safe S, Tjalkens RB. The Nurr1 Ligand,1,1-bis(3'-Indolyl)-1-( p-Chlorophenyl)Methane, Modulates Glial Reactivity and Is Neuroprotective in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:636-651. [PMID: 29626009 PMCID: PMC5941193 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.246389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 (also called nuclear receptor-4A2) regulates inflammatory gene expression in glial cells, as well as genes associated with homeostatic and trophic function in dopaminergic neurons. Despite these known functions of Nurr1, an endogenous ligand has not been discovered. We postulated that the activation of Nurr1 would suppress the activation of glia and thereby protect against loss of dopamine (DA) neurons after subacute lesioning with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Our previous studies have shown that a synthetic Nurr1 ligand, 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)methane (C-DIM12), suppresses inflammatory gene expression in primary astrocytes and induces a dopaminergic phenotype in neurons. Pharmacokinetic analysis of C-DIM12 in mice by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that approximately three times more compound concentrated in the brain than in plasma. Mice treated with four doses of MPTP + probenecid over 14 days were monitored for neurobehavioral function, loss of dopaminergic neurons, and glial activation. C-DIM12 protected against the loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and DA terminals in the striatum, maintained a ramified phenotype in microglia, and suppressed activation of astrocytes. In vitro reporter assays demonstrated that C-DIM12 was an effective activator of Nurr1 transcription in neuronal cell lines. Computational modeling of C-DIM12 binding to the three-dimensional structure of human Nurr1 identified a high-affinity binding interaction with Nurr1 at the coactivator domain. Taken together, these data suggest that C-DIM12 is an activator of Nurr1 that suppresses glial activation and neuronal loss in vivo after treatment with MPTP, and that this receptor could be an efficacious target for disease modification in individuals with Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Hammond
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Katriana A Popichak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Lindsay G Hunt
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Evan H Richman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Pranav U Damale
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Edwin K P Chong
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Donald S Backos
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (S.L.H., K.A.P., L.G.H., E.H.R., R.B.T.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (P.D., E.C.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (X.L., S.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
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Vecchia DD, Kanazawa LKS, Wendler E, de Almeida Soares Hocayen P, Bruginski E, Campos FR, Stern CAJ, Vital MABF, Miyoshi E, Wöhr M, Schwarting RK, Andreatini R. Effects of ketamine on vocal impairment, gait changes, and anhedonia induced by bilateral 6-OHDA infusion into the substantia nigra pars compacta in rats: Therapeutic implications for Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 2018; 342:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Boix J, von Hieber D, Connor B. Gait Analysis for Early Detection of Motor Symptoms in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:39. [PMID: 29559901 PMCID: PMC5845681 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer-supported gait analysis has proven to be effective for the comprehensive assessment of gait changes in rodent models of neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. However, full characterization of individual gait parameters is required for specific neurological or neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Gait disturbances in particular present as the most constraining set of symptoms in PD, finally depriving patients from most activities of normal daily living. In this study, we have characterized the gait pattern abnormalities observed in two rat models of PD: the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) 6-OHDA lesion model and the striatal 6-OHDA lesion model. Our data indicates significant changes in 21 different gait parameters in the MFB lesion cohort. We observed a steady decline in the overall walking speed and cadence, as well as significant alterations in the gait parameters stride length, initial dual stance, paw print position, step cycle, swing phase of the step cycle, stand index, phase dispersion, print length, and print area in at least one of the paws. These alterations correlated with the extent of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neuronal loss observed in this group. These alterations were detected as early as 1 week post lesion. In contrast, limited gait dysfunction was detected in the striatal lesion cohort related to the low level of TH neuronal loss detected in this group. In this study we have demonstrated that gait analysis is a reliable method for the detection of motor deficiencies in a MFB 6-OHDA lesion model of PD and may prove a clinically relevant, low impact method of testing functional impairment as early as 1 week post lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Timotius IK, Canneva F, Minakaki G, Pasluosta C, Moceri S, Casadei N, Riess O, Winkler J, Klucken J, von Hörsten S, Eskofier B. Dynamic footprint based locomotion sway assessment in α-synucleinopathic mice using Fast Fourier Transform and Low Pass Filter. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 296:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cucarián JD, León LA, Luna GA, Torres MR, Corredor K, Cardenas P. F. CARACTERIZACIÓN TEMPORO-ESPACIAL DEL PATRÓN DE MARCHA EN ROEDORES COMO MODELO ANIMAL DE LESIÓN CEREBRAL CEREBROVASCULAR. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v22n3.65244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
En la investigación sobre movimiento, la experimentación animal ha proporcionado fundamentación científica para la investigación clínica, mejorando procedimientos diagnósticos y de rehabilitación. Lesiones cerebrales en roedores pueden ser usadas para modelar síntomas locomotores, sensoriales y/o cognitivos. Con el propósito de determinar la funcionalidad locomotriz y sensorial en roedores, se han propuesto varios métodos de evaluación y pronóstico clínico para identificar y evaluar adaptaciones estructurales y mecanismos de neuro-recuperación. Esto ha permitido que métodos de intervención terapéutica, como el ejercicio físico, sean utilizados para restaurar funciones sensitivo-motoras y cognitivas en roedores y humanos. La extrapolación (translación) de los resultados de investigaciones en ciencias básicas a áreas clínicas supone la continua cooperación y retroalimentación entre investigadores y profesionales de la salud, favoreciendo la formulación de intervenciones terapéuticas más eficaces basadas en resultados obtenidos de la experimentación animal. El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer las principales deficiencias motoras y los métodos empleados para determinar la dificultad motriz en la marcha en roedores con lesión cerebrovascular, para lo cual se realizó una revisión de literatura, sobre términos definidos (MeSH), en las bases de datos PsychINFO, Medline y Web of Science, entre enero de 2000 y enero de 2017. Se excluyeron artículos de carácter cualitativo o narrativo, sin revisión por pares, disertaciones, tesis o trabajos de grado y resúmenes de conferencias. Se revisan algunas manifestaciones clínicas, su efecto en la locomotricidad en roedores, algunas metodologías usadas para generar lesiones y para estudiar la función motriz, los principales métodos de medición y algunos aspectos translacionales.
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Jiang MJ, Chen YH, Li L, Xu L, Liu H, Qu XL, Xu JJ, Ge BB, Qu HD. Protective effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide in the lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6184-6189. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kappos EA, Sieber PK, Engels PE, Mariolo AV, D'Arpa S, Schaefer DJ, Kalbermatten DF. Validity and reliability of the CatWalk system as a static and dynamic gait analysis tool for the assessment of functional nerve recovery in small animal models. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00723. [PMID: 28729931 PMCID: PMC5516599 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A range of behavioral testing paradigms have been developed for the research of central and peripheral nerve injuries with the help of small animal models. Following any nerve repair strategy, improved functional outcome may be the most important evidence of axon regeneration. A novel automated gait analysis system, the CatWalk™, can measure dynamic as well as static gait patterns of small animals. Of most interest in detecting functional recovery are in particular dynamic gait parameters, coordination measures, and the intensity of the animals paw prints. This article is designed to lead to a more efficient choice of CatWalk parameters in future studies concerning the functional evaluation of nerve regeneration and simultaneously add to better interstudy comparability. METHODS The aims of the present paper are threefold: (1) to describe the functional method of CatWalk gait analysis, (2) to characterize different parameters acquired by CatWalk gait analysis, and to find the most frequently used parameters as well as (3) to compare their reliability and validity throughout the different studies. RESULTS In the reviewed articles, the most frequently used parameters were Swing Duration (30), Print Size (27), Stride Length (26), and Max Contact Area (24). Swing Duration was not only frequently used but was also the most reliable and valid parameter. Therefore, we hypothesize that Swing Duration constitutes an important parameter to be chosen for future studies, as it has the highest level of reliability and validity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, CatWalk can be used as a complementary approach to other behavioral testing paradigms to assess clinically relevant behavioral benefits, with the main advantage that this system demonstrates both static and dynamic gait parameters at the same time. Due to limited reliability and validity of certain parameters, we recommend that only the most frequently assessed parameters should be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Kappos
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Neuropathology Institute of Pathology University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Patricia K Sieber
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Neuropathology Institute of Pathology University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Patricia E Engels
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Neuropathology Institute of Pathology University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Alessio V Mariolo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery, Oncology and Stomatology University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Arpa
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery Ghent University Hospital Gent Belgium
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Neuropathology Institute of Pathology University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
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Scekic-Zahirovic J, Oussini HE, Mersmann S, Drenner K, Wagner M, Sun Y, Allmeroth K, Dieterlé S, Sinniger J, Dirrig-Grosch S, René F, Dormann D, Haass C, Ludolph AC, Lagier-Tourenne C, Storkebaum E, Dupuis L. Motor neuron intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of FUS-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:887-906. [PMID: 28243725 PMCID: PMC5427169 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron-extrinsic mechanisms have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of ALS-SOD1, one familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It remains unclear whether such mechanisms contribute to other familial forms, such as TDP-43 and FUS-associated ALS. Here, we characterize a single-copy mouse model of ALS-FUS that conditionally expresses a disease-relevant truncating FUS mutant from the endogenous murine Fus gene. We show that these mice, but not mice heterozygous for a Fus null allele, develop similar pathology as ALS-FUS patients and a mild motor neuron phenotype. Most importantly, CRE-mediated rescue of the Fus mutation within motor neurons prevented degeneration of motor neuron cell bodies, but only delayed appearance of motor symptoms. Indeed, we observed downregulation of multiple myelin-related genes, and increased numbers of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord supporting their contribution to behavioral deficits. In all, we show that mutant FUS triggers toxic events in both motor neurons and neighboring cells to elicit motor neuron disease.
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Akkhawattanangkul Y, Maiti P, Xue Y, Aryal D, Wetsel WC, Hamilton D, Fowler SC, McDonald MP. Targeted deletion of GD3 synthase protects against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:522-536. [PMID: 28239983 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition for which there is no cure. Converging evidence implicates gangliosides in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a potential new class of therapeutic targets. We have shown that interventions that simultaneously increase the neuroprotective GM1 ganglioside and decrease the pro-apoptotic GD3 ganglioside - such as inhibition of GD3 synthase (GD3S) or administration of sialidase - are neuroprotective in vitro and in a number of preclinical models. In this study, we investigated the effects of GD3S deletion on parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP was administered to GD3S-/- mice or controls using a subchronic regimen consisting of three series of low-dose injections (11 mg/kg/day × 5 days each, 3 weeks apart), and motor function was assessed after each. The typical battery of tests used to assess parkinsonism failed to detect deficits in MPTP-treated mice. More sensitive measures - such as the force-plate actimeter and treadmill gait parameters - detected subtle effects of MPTP, some of which were absent in mice lacking GD3S. In wild-type mice, MPTP destroyed 53% of the tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and reduced striatal dopamine 60.7%. In contrast, lesion size was only 22.5% in GD3S-/- mice and striatal dopamine was reduced by 37.2%. Stereological counts of Nissl-positive SNc neurons that did not express TH suggest that neuroprotection was complete but TH expression was suppressed in some cells. These results show that inhibition of GD3S has neuroprotective properties in the MPTP model and may warrant further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Akkhawattanangkul
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P Maiti
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Y Xue
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Aryal
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Hamilton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S C Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M P McDonald
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Janickova H, Rosborough K, Al-Onaizi M, Kljakic O, Guzman MS, Gros R, Prado MAM, Prado VF. Deletion of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter from pedunculopontine/laterodorsal tegmental neurons modifies gait. J Neurochem 2017; 140:787-798. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Janickova
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Kaie Rosborough
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Ornela Kljakic
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Monica S. Guzman
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Marco A. M. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Vania F. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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Baldwin HA, Koivula PP, Necarsulmer JC, Whitaker KW, Harvey BK. Step Sequence Is a Critical Gait Parameter of Unilateral 6-OHDA Parkinson's Rat Models. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:659-667. [PMID: 27677974 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder, marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway that leads to abnormal gait, rigidity, slowness of movement, and tremor. The ability to recapitulate and measure the neurological sequelae in rodent models of Parkinson's disease is important for studying and evaluating potential therapeutics. Individual variability in lesion severity and injury progression are key factors in the 6-hydroxydopamine model that require normalization when evaluating therapeutic effects. The gait parameters that were found to be affected by 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of the nigrostriatal pathway in rats may be used to study novel transgenic models of Parkinson's disease as well as to test novel therapeutics. Previously, studies have used a video-based system to analyze gait abnormalities in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease, but these studies did not account for individual variability on reported gait parameters. By analyzing the ratio of parameters from the injured to uninjured sides and correcting for speed in related parameters, hindpaw step cycle parameters, hindpaw print area, and step sequence are significantly altered in different ways for each type of lesion, when compared to saline-injected controls. These findings enable new metrics for evaluating therapeutic efficacy of drug-, gene-, or cell-based therapies in rat models of Parkinson's disease.
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Ingenwerth M, Estrada V, Stahr A, Müller HW, von Gall C. HSF1-deficiency affects gait coordination and cerebellar calbindin levels. Behav Brain Res 2016; 310:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Kyriakou EI, van der Kieft JG, de Heer RC, Spink A, Nguyen HP, Homberg JR, van der Harst JE. Automated quantitative analysis to assess motor function in different rat models of impaired coordination and ataxia. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 268:171-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Asakawa T, Fang H, Sugiyama K, Nozaki T, Hong Z, Yang Y, Hua F, Ding G, Chao D, Fenoy AJ, Villarreal SJ, Onoe H, Suzuki K, Mori N, Namba H, Xia Y. Animal behavioral assessments in current research of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 65:63-94. [PMID: 27026638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is traditionally classified as a movement disorder. Patients typically suffer from many motor dysfunctions. Presently, clinicians and scientists recognize that many non-motor symptoms are associated with PD. There is an increasing interest in both motor and non-motor symptoms in clinical studies on PD patients and laboratory research on animal models that imitate the pathophysiologic features and symptoms of PD patients. Therefore, appropriate behavioral assessments are extremely crucial for correctly understanding the mechanisms of PD and accurately evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel therapies. This article systematically reviews the behavioral assessments, for both motor and non-motor symptoms, in various animal models involved in current PD research. We addressed the strengths and weaknesses of these behavioral tests and their appropriate applications. Moreover, we discussed potential mechanisms behind these behavioral tests and cautioned readers against potential experimental bias. Since most of the behavioral assessments currently used for non-motor symptoms are not particularly designed for animals with PD, it is of the utmost importance to greatly improve experimental design and evaluation in PD research with animal models. Indeed, it is essential to develop specific assessments for non-motor symptoms in PD animals based on their characteristics. We concluded with a prospective view for behavioral assessments with real-time assessment with mobile internet and wearable device in future PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Huan Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University School of Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University School of Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongman Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert J Fenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian J Villarreal
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Functional Probe Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Namba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA.
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de Haas R, Russel FG, Smeitink JA. Gait analysis in a mouse model resembling Leigh disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 296:191-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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He H, Wang S, Tian J, Chen L, Zhang W, Zhao J, Tang H, Zhang X, Chen J. Protective effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in the MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Involvement of reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK, P38 and mitochondrial pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:175-82. [PMID: 26477638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress-induced neuron loss is thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. Previous work from our group suggests that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), an active component extracted from a traditional Chinese herb, Polygonum multiflorum thunb, can attenuate 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridium-induced apoptosis in the neuronal cell line PC12, by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and modulating c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) activation. Here, we investigated the protective effects of TSG against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropypridine (MPTP)-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells in mice and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells and reactive oxygen species generation were prevented by TSG in a dose-dependent manner. The reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine could also mitigate reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, JNK and P38 were activated by MPTP, but extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases phosphorylation did not change after MPTP treatment. TSG at different doses blocked the activation of JNK and P38. The protective effect of TSG was also associated with downregulation of the bax/bcl-2 ratio, reversed the release of cytochrome c and smac, and inhibited the activation of caspase-3, -6, and -9 induced by MPTP. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that the protective effects of TSG in the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD are involved, at least in part, in controlling reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK, P38, and mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Songhai Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jiyu Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, 518 Hospital of PLA, 11 South Park Road, Xi'an 710043, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Jianzong Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Topper LA, Baculis BC, Valenzuela CF. Exposure of neonatal rats to alcohol has differential effects on neuroinflammation and neuronal survival in the cerebellum and hippocampus. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:160. [PMID: 26337952 PMCID: PMC4558631 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of preventable birth defects, yet drinking during pregnancy remains prevalent worldwide. Studies suggest that activation of the neuroimmune system plays a role in the effects of alcohol exposure during the rodent equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy (i.e., first week of neonatal life), particularly by contributing to neuronal loss. Here, we performed a comprehensive study investigating differences in the neuroimmune response in the cerebellum and hippocampus, which are important targets of third trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure. Methods To model heavy, binge-like alcohol exposure during this period, we exposed rats to alcohol vapor inhalation during postnatal days (P)3–5 (blood alcohol concentration = 0.5 g/dL). The cerebellar vermis and hippocampus of rat pups were analyzed for signs of glial cell activation and neuronal loss by immunohistochemistry at different developmental stages. Cytokine production was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction during peak blood alcohol concentration and withdrawal periods. Additionally, adolescent offspring were assessed for alterations in gait and spatial memory. Results We found that this paradigm causes Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellar vermis at P6 and P45; however, no signs of neuronal loss were found in the hippocampus. Significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed in both brain regions during alcohol withdrawal periods. Although astrocyte activation occurred in both the hippocampus and cerebellar vermis, microglial activation was observed primarily in the latter. Conclusions These findings suggest that heavy, binge-like third trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure has time- and brain region-dependent effects on cytokine levels, morphological activation of microglia and astrocytes, and neuronal survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0382-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Topper
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MSC08 4740, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Brian C Baculis
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MSC08 4740, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MSC08 4740, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
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Geldenhuys WJ, Guseman TL, Pienaar IS, Dluzen DE, Young JW. A novel biomechanical analysis of gait changes in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1175. [PMID: 26339553 PMCID: PMC4558067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder hallmarked by a loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Accurate recapitulation of the PD movement phenotype in animal models of the disease is critical for understanding disease etiology and developing novel therapeutic treatments. However, most existing behavioral assays currently applied to such animal models fail to adequately detect and subsequently quantify the subtle changes associated with the progressive stages of PD. In this study, we used a video-based analysis system to develop and validate a novel protocol for tracking locomotor performance in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. We anticipated that (1) treated mice should use slower, shorter, and less frequent strides and (2) that gait deficits should monotonically increase following MPTP administration, as the effects of neurodegeneration become manifest. Video-based biomechanical analyses, utilizing behavioral measures motivated by the comparative biomechanics literature, were used to quantify gait dynamics over a seven-day period following MPTP treatment. Analyses revealed shuffling behaviors consistent with the gait symptoms of advanced PD in humans. Here we also document dramatic gender-based differences in locomotor performance during the progression of the MPTP-induced lesion, despite male and female mice showing similar losses of striatal dopaminergic cells following MPTP administration. Whereas female mice appeared to be protected against gait deficits, males showed multiple changes in gait kinematics, consistent with the loss of locomotor agility and stability. Overall, these data show that the novel video analysis protocol presented here is a robust method capable of detecting subtle changes in gait biomechanics in a mouse model of PD. Our findings indicate that this method is a useful means by which to easily and economically screen preclinical therapeutic compounds for protecting against or reversing neuropathology associated with PD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) , Rootstown, OH , USA
| | - Tamara L Guseman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, (NEOMED) , Rootstown, OH , USA
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Dean E Dluzen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, (NEOMED) , Rootstown, OH , USA ; Current affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Carbondale, IL , USA
| | - Jesse W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, (NEOMED) , Rootstown, OH , USA
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Bell MT, Puskas F, Bennett DT, Cleveland JC, Herson PS, Mares JM, Meng X, Weyant MJ, Fullerton DA, Brett Reece T. Clinical indicators of paraplegia underplay universal spinal cord neuronal injury from transient aortic occlusion. Brain Res 2015; 1618:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus affects gait and the neurotransmitter level in the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus in 6-OHDA Parkinsonian rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:62-8. [PMID: 26054938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is connected to spinal, cerebellar and cerebral motor control structures and can be activated with external electrodes. Intrinsic cholinergic neuronal degeneration in the PPN is associated with postural instabilities and gait disturbances (PIGD) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical studies have demonstrated that PPN stimulation may improve PIGD. We investigated this claim and the underlying mechanisms using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) hemilesion model of PD. In this study, gait-related parameters, including the base of support (BOS), stride length, and maximum contact area, were analyzed via CatWalk gait analysis following PPN-low frequency stimulation (LFS) of rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. Additionally, neurotransmitter concentrations in the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL) were measured by microdialysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our data revealed that unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) induced significant gait deficits. PPN-LFS significantly improved the BOS (hindlimb) and maximum contact area (impaired forelimb) scores, whereas no other gait parameters were significantly affected. Unilateral 6-OHDA MFB lesions significantly decreased acetylcholine (ACh) and moderately decreased noradrenaline (NA) concentrations in the VL. PPN-LFS mildly reversed the ACh loss in the VL in the lesioned rats but did not alter the NA levels. Taken together, our data indicate that PPN-LFS is useful for treating gait deficits of PD and that these effects are probably mediated by a rebalancing of ACh levels in the PPN-VL pathway. Thus, our findings provide possible insight into the mechanisms underlying PIGD in PD.
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Pan X, Guo X, Xiong F, Cheng G, Lu Q, Yan H. Acrylamide increases dopamine levels by affecting dopamine transport and metabolism related genes in the striatal dopaminergic system. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:60-8. [PMID: 25943760 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic system dysfunction is proved to be a possible mechanism in acrylamide (ACR) -induced neurotoxicity. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has an increasingly important role in the dopaminergic system. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate effects of ACR on dopamine and its metabolite levels, dopamine transport and metabolic gene expression in dopaminergic neurons. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were dosed orally with ACR at 0 (saline), 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day for 20 days. Splayed hind limbs, reduced tail flick time and abnormal gait which preceded other neurologic parameters were observed in the above rats. ACR significantly increased dopamine levels, decreased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanilic acid (HVA) contents in an area dependent manner in rat striatum. Immunohistochemical staining of the striatum revealed that the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells significantly increased, while monoamine oxidase (MAO) positive cells were drastically reduced, which was consistent with changes in their mRNA and protein expressions. In addition, dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) expression levels were both down-regulated in the striatum. These results suggest that dopamine levels increase significantly in response to ACR, presumably due to changes in the dopamine transport and metabolism related genes expression in the striatal dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Pan
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Research institute for Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiongxiong Guo
- Shenzhen Luohu Institute of Health Inspection, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Chongqing Jiulongpo Municipal Center for Disease and Prevention, Chongqing 400039, China
| | - Guihong Cheng
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Research institute for Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Xenon improves neurologic outcome and reduces secondary injury following trauma in an in vivo model of traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:149-158. [PMID: 25188549 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the neuroprotective efficacy of the inert gas xenon following traumatic brain injury and to determine whether application of xenon has a clinically relevant therapeutic time window. DESIGN Controlled animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male C57BL/6N mice (n = 196). INTERVENTIONS Seventy-five percent xenon, 50% xenon, or 30% xenon, with 25% oxygen (balance nitrogen) treatment following mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Outcome following trauma was measured using 1) functional neurologic outcome score, 2) histological measurement of contusion volume, and 3) analysis of locomotor function and gait. Our study shows that xenon treatment improves outcome following traumatic brain injury. Neurologic outcome scores were significantly (p < 0.05) better in xenon-treated groups in the early phase (24 hr) and up to 4 days after injury. Contusion volume was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the xenon-treated groups. Xenon treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced contusion volume when xenon was given 15 minutes after injury or when treatment was delayed 1 or 3 hours after injury. Neurologic outcome was significantly (p < 0.05) improved when xenon treatment was given 15 minutes or 1 hour after injury. Improvements in locomotor function (p < 0.05) were observed in the xenon-treated group, 1 month after trauma. CONCLUSIONS These results show for the first time that xenon improves neurologic outcome and reduces contusion volume following traumatic brain injury in mice. In this model, xenon application has a therapeutic time window of up to at least 3 hours. These findings support the idea that xenon may be of benefit as a neuroprotective treatment in patients with brain trauma.
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