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Duan JJ, Cai J, Gao L, Yu SC. ALDEFLUOR activity, ALDH isoforms, and their clinical significance in cancers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2166035. [PMID: 36651035 PMCID: PMC9858439 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2166035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a metabolic feature of adult stem cells and various cancer stem cells (CSCs). The ALDEFLUOR system is currently the most commonly used method for evaluating ALDH enzyme activity in viable cells. This system is applied extensively in the isolation of normal stem cells and CSCs from heterogeneous cell populations. For many years, ALDH1A1 has been considered the most important subtype among the 19 ALDH family members in determining ALDEFLUOR activity. However, in recent years, studies of many types of normal and tumour tissues have demonstrated that other ALDH subtypes can also significantly influence ALDEFLUOR activity. In this article, we briefly review the relationships between various members of the ALDH family and ALDEFLUOR activity. The clinical significance of these ALDH isoforms in different cancers and possible directions for future studies are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jie Duan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Chongqing, China,Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China,CONTACT Shi-Cang Yu Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing400038, China
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Ding B, Song Y, Liu S, Peng C, Zhang Y. Mechanisms underlying the changes in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:3203-3213. [PMID: 37928420 PMCID: PMC10622993 DOI: 10.7150/jca.86967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most recurrent malignant tumor found in the biliary system. It originates from the bile duct epithelial cells characterized by easy metastasis, high intermittent rate, and poor prognosis. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a marker of cancer stem cells, the levels of which are particularly elevated in various of malignant tumors. Additionally, the increased ALDH1 levels are closely related to the degree and prognosis of malignant tumors. This study reviewed the mechanisms underlying the changes in ALDH1 levels in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410015, China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410015, China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410015, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Xanthis V, Mantso T, Dimtsi A, Pappa A, Fadouloglou VE. Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: A Superfamily of Similar Yet Different Proteins Highly Related to Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4419. [PMID: 37686694 PMCID: PMC10650815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of human aldehyde dehydrogenases (hALDHs) consists of 19 isoenzymes which are critical for several physiological and biosynthetic processes and play a major role in the organism's detoxification via the NAD(P) dependent oxidation of numerous endogenous and exogenous aldehyde substrates to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Over the last decades, ALDHs have been the subject of several studies as it was revealed that their differential expression patterns in various cancer types are associated either with carcinogenesis or promotion of cell survival. Here, we attempt to provide a thorough review of hALDHs' diverse functions and 3D structures with particular emphasis on their role in cancer pathology and resistance to chemotherapy. We are especially interested in findings regarding the association of structural features and their changes with effects on enzymes' functionalities. Moreover, we provide an updated outline of the hALDHs inhibitors utilized in experimental or clinical settings for cancer therapy. Overall, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of ALDHs in cancer pathology and therapy from a structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vasiliki E. Fadouloglou
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Clinical significance of ALDH1A1 expression and its association with E-cadherin and N-cadherin in resected large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101379. [PMID: 35219092 PMCID: PMC8881670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is the first study on the effect of ALDH1A1 on the prognosis of LCNEC. And we found ALDH1A1 acts as a favorable independent prognostic factor in LCNEC. We investigated the relationship between ALDH1A1 and EMT markers (E-cadherin/ N-cadherin) and found that ALDH1A1 is associated with epithelial phenotype marker E-cadherin in LCNEC. Our sample size is large and simple and the clinical data is complete. The exploration of the prognostic mechanism of LCNEC is of great significance to its classification, treatment and prognosis.
Background The roles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in solid tumors are well established. However, the interaction between CSCs and EMT in pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of a CSC marker (ALDH1A1) and its correlation with Epithelial-like phenotype marker (E-cadherin) and Mesenchymal-like phenotype marker (N-cadherin) in LCNEC patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ALDH1A1, E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression was conducted on tissue microarrays made from 79 resected LCNEC patient samples. ALDH1A1 protein expression was evaluated by the IHC score, and its correlations with the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and clinicopathological features were determined based on IHC data. Survival analyses were also performed. Results ALDH1A1 was positively expressed in 75.9% (60/79 cases) of LCNEC patients. No significant difference in clinicopathological variables was observed between the ALDH1A1-negative and ALDH1A1-positive groups. However, ALDH1A1 expression was positively correlated with E-cadherin (Spearman's rho = 0.229, p-value = 0.007), which represents the epithelial-like phenotype, but not with N-cadherin. Patients with expression of ALDH1A1 had significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those who were ALDH1A1 negative (median DFS: 52 vs 12 months, p = 0.028; median OS: not reached; p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis showed that ALDH1A1 was an independent favorable prognostic factor for DFS (p = 0.032, HR: 0.438, 95% CI: 0.206–0.932) and OS (p = 0.025, HR: 0.279, 95% CI: 0.091–0.852) in LCNEC patients. Conclusion This study suggests that ALDH1A1 can act as a favorable independent prognostic factor for LCNEC, which related to the epithelioid phenotype in EMT, and its internal mechanism needs further study.
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Masciale V, Banchelli F, Grisendi G, D’Amico R, Maiorana A, Stefani A, Morandi U, Stella F, Dominici M, Aramini B. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:239-247. [PMID: 35356974 PMCID: PMC8968653 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer relapse may be associated with the presence of a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with unlimited proliferative potential. Our study assessed the relationship between CSCs and the relapse rate in patients harboring adenocarcinoma (ADL) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). Experimental design This is an observational prospective cohort study (NCT04634630) assessing the influence of CSC frequency on relapse rate after major lung resection in 35 patients harboring early (I-II) (n = 21) and locally advanced (IIIA) (n = 14) ADL and SCCL. There was a 2-year enrollment period followed by a 1-year follow-up period. Surgical tumor specimens were processed, and CSCs were quantified by cytofluorimetric analysis. Results Cancer stem cells were expressed in all patients with a median of 3.1% of the primary cell culture. Primary analysis showed no influence of CSC frequency on the risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-1.30). At secondary analysis, patients with locally advanced disease with higher CSC frequency had an increased risk of relapse (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.14-1.39), whereas this was not observed in early-stage patients (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.65-1.25). Conclusion No association was found between CSC and relapse rates after major lung resection in patients harboring ACL and SCCL. However, in locally advanced-stage patients, a positive correlation was observed between CSC frequency and risk of relapse. These results indicate a need for further molecular investigations into the prognostic role of CSCs at different lung cancer stages. Clinical Trial Registration NCT04634630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Medical Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D’Amico
- Center of Medical Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
- Corresponding author: Beatrice Aramini, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, 34 Carlo Forlanini Street, 47121 Forlì, Italy Forlì, Italy.
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Isolation of cancer stem cells from cultured breast cancer cells and xenografted breast tumors based on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 171:111-125. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li MM, Yuan J, Guan XY, Ma NF, Liu M. Molecular subclassification of gastrointestinal cancers based on cancer stem cell traits. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:53. [PMID: 34774101 PMCID: PMC8590337 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal malignancies are highly heterogeneous cancers. Clinically, heterogeneity largely contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Heterogeneity within gastrointestinal cancers is defined by molecular subtypes in genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been demonstrated to be a major source of tumor heterogeneity; therefore, assessing tumor heterogeneity by CSC trait-guided classification of gastrointestinal cancers is essential for the development of effective therapies. CSCs share critical features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Molecular investigations have revealed that embryonic genes and developmental signaling pathways regulating the properties of ESCs or cell lineage differentiation are abnormally active and might be oncofetal drivers in certain tumor subtypes. Currently, multiple strategies allow comprehensive identification of tumor subtype-specific oncofetal signatures and evaluation of subtype-specific therapies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular classification of gastrointestinal malignancies based on CSC features and elucidate their clinical relevance. We also outline strategies for molecular subtype identification and subtype-based therapies. Finally, we explore how clinical implementation of tumor classification by CSC subtype might facilitate the development of more effective personalized therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning-Fang Ma
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China. .,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Barman S, Fatima I, Singh AB, Dhawan P. Pancreatic Cancer and Therapy: Role and Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094765. [PMID: 33946266 PMCID: PMC8124621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in clinical management, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the deadliest cancer types, as it is prone to late detection with extreme metastatic properties. The recent findings that pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs) contribute to the tumorigenesis, progression, and chemoresistance have offered significant insight into the cancer malignancy and development of precise therapies. However, the heterogeneity of cancer and signaling pathways that regulate PC have posed limitations in the effective targeting of the PaCSCs. In this regard, the role for K-RAS, TP53, Transforming Growth Factor-β, hedgehog, Wnt and Notch and other signaling pathways in PC progression is well documented. In this review, we discuss the role of PaCSCs, the underlying molecular and signaling pathways that help promote pancreatic cancer development and metastasis with a specific focus on the regulation of PaCSCs. We also discuss the therapeutic approaches that target different PaCSCs, intricate mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities to eliminate heterogeneous PaCSCs populations in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Correspondence:
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Morphological Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Cancer Reflects Structural and Functional Divergence. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040895. [PMID: 33672734 PMCID: PMC7924365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, which is largely due to resistance to treatment. Tumor heterogeneity is a known cause for treatment failure and has been studied at the molecular level. Morphological heterogeneity is common but has not been investigated, despite the fact that pathology examination is an integral part of clinical diagnostics. This study assessed whether morphological heterogeneity reflects structural and functional diversity in key cancer biological processes. Using archival tissues from resected pancreatic cancer, we selected four common and distinct morphological phenotypes and demonstrated that these differed significantly for a panel of 26 structural and functional features of the cancer-cell and stromal compartments. The strong link between these features and morphological phenotypes allowed prediction of the latter based on the results for the panel of features. The findings of this study indicate that morphological heterogeneity reflects biological diversity and that its assessment may potentially provide clinically relevant information. Abstract Inter- and intratumor heterogeneity is an important cause of treatment failure. In human pancreatic cancer (PC), heterogeneity has been investigated almost exclusively at the genomic and transcriptional level. Morphological heterogeneity, though prominent and potentially easily assessable in clinical practice, remains unexplored. This proof-of-concept study aims at demonstrating that morphological heterogeneity reflects structural and functional divergence. From the wide morphological spectrum of conventional PC, four common and distinctive patterns were investigated in 233 foci from 39 surgical specimens. Twenty-six features involved in key biological processes in PC were analyzed (immuno-)histochemically and morphometrically: cancer cell proliferation (Ki67) and migration (collagen fiber alignment, MMP14), cancer stem cells (CD44, CD133, ALDH1), amount, composition and spatial arrangement of extracellular matrix (epithelial proximity, total collagen, collagen I and III, fibronectin, hyaluronan), cancer-associated fibroblasts (density, αSMA), and cancer-stroma interactions (integrins α2, α5, α1; caveolin-1). All features differed significantly between at least two of the patterns. Stromal and cancer-cell-related features co-varied with morphology and allowed prediction of the morphological pattern. In conclusion, morphological heterogeneity in the cancer-cell and stromal compartments of PC correlates with structural and functional diversity. As such, histopathology has the potential to inform on the operationality of key biological processes in individual tumors.
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Bianchi D, Manfredini B, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Bertolini F, Dominici M, Morandi U, Maiorana A. ALDH Expression in Angiosarcoma of the Lung: A Potential Marker of Aggressiveness? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:544158. [PMID: 33195295 PMCID: PMC7662079 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.544158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary angiosarcoma of the lung is a very aggressive rare malignant disease resulting in a severe prognosis (1). This type of cancer represents about 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas and has a high rate of metastasis through the hematogenous route. For the rarity of this malignant vascular tumor it is still challenging to set a diagnosis (1). The diagnostic features that have thus far been considered include primarily clinical and radiological findings. In some cases, immunohistochemical characteristics based on the most common markers used in pathology have been described. The aim of this report is to present two cases of angiosarcoma of the lung in which the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) marker was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Methods: We report two cases of angiosarcoma of the lung in patients underwent lung surgery at our Unit. In addition to the standard histopathological analysis for this disease, immunohistochemistry using an ALDH1A1 antibody was performed in both of the cases. For ALDH quantification, a semi-quantitative method based on the positivity of the tumor cells was used: 0 (<5%), 1 (5–25%), 2 (>25–50%), 3 (>50–75%), 4 (>75%). Results: One patient with recurrent lung disease survived, achieving complete remission after chemo- and radiotherapy. The second patient died of recurrent disease within 5 years of diagnosis. ALDH1A1 was evaluated in both of these cases using an immunohistochemistry scoring system based on the positivity for this marker. The scores were consistent with the patients' clinical outcomes, as the lower (score 1) was observed in the patient with the better clinical outcome, while the higher (score 3) was seen in the patient with the worse outcome. Conclusion: Our data suggest that ALDH may be an important clinical marker in angiosarcoma of the lung. Although further studies need to be performed in a larger cohort of patients, we believe that, if the results will be confirmed, ALDH1A1 may be used to stratify patients in terms of prognosis and for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel Bianchi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Manfredini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center of Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center of Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Manfredini B, Bianchi D, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Bertolini F, Dominici M, Morandi U, Maiorana A. Expression of ALDH and SOX-2 in Pulmonary Sclerosing Pnemocytoma (PSP) of the Lung: Is There a Meaning Behind? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:497. [PMID: 32984377 PMCID: PMC7492541 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare benign pulmonary tumor that derives from primitive respiratory epithelium of the pulmonary alveolus. The etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Histopathological diagnosis focuses on cells that are positive for TTF1, EMA, cytokeratin-7, and CAM 5.2. The aim of our study is to highlight the elevated expression of ALDH and the presence of SOX-2 in pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma. Methods: We report five cases of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma undergone surgery at our Division of Thoracic Surgery, during a period between 1994 and 2011. ALDH and SOX-2 markers were also tested for positivity in all the patients. Results: Patients showed elevated expression of ALDH during immunohistochemistry and mild expression of SOX-2, although in two cases in which SOX-2 was highly expressed. Among these two patients, one presented with lymph node recurrence while the other had no recurrence with a PET-positive nodule. In particular, the patient who had developed recurrence had an ALDH score of 4 and a SOX-2 score of 3, whereas the patient with the PET-positive nodule showed an ALDH score of 4 with a mild SOX-2 expression of score 1. Conclusions: This is the first attempt demonstrating the elevated expression of ALDH in this disease. SOX-2 expression was noted in both the patient who developed recurrence and the patient with a PET-positive nodule. We believe that further investigation may be highly useful to better characterize these two markers as well as understand their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Manfredini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel Bianchi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center of Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center of Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Sighinolfi P, Brugioni L, Stefani A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Aramini B. Cancer Stem-Like Cells in a Case of an Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lung. Front Oncol 2020; 10:673. [PMID: 32500024 PMCID: PMC7243805 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory myofibroblast tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor with obscure etiopathogenesis in which different inflammatory cells and myofibroblastic spindle cells are seen histologically. Although the majority of these neoplasms have a benign clinical course, the malignant form has also been reported. The gold standard is surgical treatment for complete removal. Our report describes a 50-year-old woman who underwent surgery for IMT of the lung. The aim is to determine whether cancer stem cells may be present in IMT of the lung. Methods: In April 2018, the patient underwent surgery for tumor mass asportation through lateral thoracotomy. The histology of the tumor was consistent with IMT of the lung. The ALDEFLUOR assay, after tissue digestion, was used to identify and sort human lung cancer cells expressing high and low aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. SOX2, NANOG, OCT-4, and c-MYC positivity were additionally determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The specimen contained 1.10% ALDHhigh cells among all viable lung cancer cells, which indicates the population of cancer stem cells is not negligible. Immunohistochemically assessed cell positivity for ALDH1A1, SOX2, NANOG, OCT-4, and c-MYC, which are considered as lung cancer stem-like cells markers. Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrated the presence of cancer stem cells in a case of IMT of the lung. This finding may provide a base for considering new pathological and molecular aspects of this tumor. This perspective suggests further studies to understand the possibility of developing recurrence depending on the presence of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pamela Sighinolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Brugioni
- Internal Medicine and Critical Care Unit, Department of Integrated Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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13
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Yin SJ, Park MW, Lee BN, Yang JM, Park YD, Qian GY. Functional study of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in keratinocytes: microarray integrating bioinformatics approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2133-2151. [PMID: 32189581 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1745281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The function of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been gradually elucidated in several diseases, especially in various cancers. However, the role of ALDH1 in skin-related diseases has been mostly unknown. Previously, we found that ALDH1 is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, we used high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches to identify critical factors associated with ALDH1 in human keratinocytes to reveal its functions in skin. We overexpressed ALDH1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes and then conducted serial HTS studies, a DNA microarray and antibody array integrated with bioinformatics algorithms. Together, those tests identified several novel genes associated with the function of ALDH1 in keratinocytes, as well as AD, including CTSG and CCL11. In particular, GNB3, GHSR, TAS2R9, FFAR1, TAS2R16, CCL21, GPR32, NPFFR1, GPR15, FBXW12, CCL19, EDNRA, FFAR3, and RXFP3 proteins were consistently detected as hub proteins in the PPI maps. By integrating the datasets obtained from these HTS studies and using the strengths of each method, we obtained new insights into the functional role of ALDH1 in skin keratinocytes. The approach used here could contribute to the clinical understanding of ALDH1-associated applications for the treatment of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Min-Woo Park
- Genomic Research Center, EBIOGEN Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bit-Na Lee
- Genomic Research Center, EBIOGEN Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China.,Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Skin Diseases Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
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14
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Rao RS, Raju K L, Augustine D, Patil S. Prognostic Significance of ALDH1, Bmi1, and OCT4 Expression in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820904959. [PMID: 32951453 PMCID: PMC7791458 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820904959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in both oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Among the various CSC markers, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1), and octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4) have been noted to increase in OSCC. The aim of the study was to analyze ALDH1, Bmi1, and OCT4 expression in OED and OSCC with clinicopathologic correlation and survival analysis. METHODS A total of 40 cases each of OED and OSCC were retrieved from departmental archives. Expression of ALDH1, Bmi1, and OCT4 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. A follow-up ranging from 6 to 52 months was considered for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The log-rank test was performed to analyze significant difference in survival rates. RESULTS The expression levels of ALDH1, Bmi1, and OCT4 increased significantly from OED through OSCC (P < .05). The expression of ALDH1 and OCT4 showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis. Positive cases of ALDH1 showed a significantly reduced survival rate compared to cases showing negative expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant reduction of survival rate (P = .00) in patients showing a positive expression for all the 3 markers. CONCLUSION ALDH1 and OCT4 could be used as individual prognostic markers for assessing prognosis. ALDH1, Bmi1, and OCT4 could be used as a collective panel of markers to enable surgeons in predicting the prognosis of patients and thereby carry out prompt follow-up for such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa S. Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental
Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied
Sciences, India
| | - Lizbeth Raju K
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental
Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied
Sciences, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental
Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied
Sciences, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College
of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Sighinolfi P, Stefani A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Aramini B. Isolation and Identification of Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1394. [PMID: 31921651 PMCID: PMC6930193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) share many characteristics with normal stem cells, such as self-renewal and multipotentiality. High expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been detected in many tumors, particularly in the CSC compartment, and it plays an important role in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. CD44 is commonly used as a cell surface marker of cancer stem-like cells in epithelial tumors. The aim of this study was to isolate and analyze cancer stem-like cells from surgically removed specimens to compare lung adenocarcinoma (ADENO) and squamous (SQUAMO) cell carcinoma. Methods: The ALDEFLUOR assay was used to identify and sort ALDHhigh and ALDHlow human lung cancer cells following tissue digestion. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for CD44 was performed with tumor cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess the expression of SOX2 and NANOG as stemness markers. ALDH1A1 expression was additionally determined by immunohistochemistry. Anchorage-independent ALDHhigh cell growth was also evaluated. ALDHhigh ADENO and SQUAMO cells were cultured to analyze spheroid formation. Results: All specimens contained 0.5-12.5% ALDHhigh cells with 3.8-18.9% CD44-positive cells. SOX2 and NANOG relative expression in ALDHhigh compared to ALDHlow cells in ADENO and SQUAMO was analyzed and compared between the histotypes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of ALDH1A1 in the sections. SOX2 and NANOG were expressed at higher levels in the ALDHhigh subpopulation than in the ALDHlow subpopulation only in ADENO cells, and the opposite result was seen in SQUAMO cells. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that ALDHhigh cells exhibited migration capacity with distinct behaviors between ALDHhigh spheres in ADENO vs. SQUAMO samples. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of a better characterization of cancer stem-like cells in ADENO and SQUAMO histotypes. This may suggest new differential approaches for prognostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand SRL, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Center of Medical Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Center of Medical Statistic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pamela Sighinolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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16
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Crawford HC, Pasca di Magliano M, Banerjee S. Signaling Networks That Control Cellular Plasticity in Pancreatic Tumorigenesis, Progression, and Metastasis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:2073-2084. [PMID: 30716326 PMCID: PMC6545585 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers, and its incidence on the rise. The major challenges in overcoming the poor prognosis with this disease include late detection and the aggressive biology of the disease. Intratumoral heterogeneity; presence of a robust, reactive, and desmoplastic stroma; and the crosstalk between the different tumor components require complete understanding of the pancreatic tumor biology to better understand the therapeutic challenges posed by this disease. In this review, we discuss the processes involved during tumorigenesis encompassing the inherent plasticity of the transformed cells, development of tumor stroma crosstalk, and enrichment of cancer stem cell population during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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17
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Han S, Huang T, Wu X, Wang X, Li W, Liu S, Yang W, Shi Q, Li H, Shi K, Hou F. Prognostic value of ALDH1 and Nestin in advanced cancer: a systematic meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919830831. [PMID: 30833990 PMCID: PMC6393950 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919830831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for advanced cancer are urgently needed. This report with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was first conducted to provide robust estimates of the correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and Nestin and clinical outcomes of advanced cancer patients. Methods Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were summarized for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), relapse/recurrence-free survival (RFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) from multivariable analysis. TSA was performed to control for random errors. Results A total of 20 studies with 2050 patients (ALDH1: 15 studies with 1557 patients and Nestin: 5 studies with 493 patients) were identified. ALDH1 (HR = 2.28, p < 0.001) and Nestin (HR = 2.39, p < 0.001) were associated with a worse OS, as confirmed by TSA. Nestin positivity was linked to a poor PFS (HR = 2.08, p < 0.001), but ALDH1 was not linked to DFS, RFS, MFS, or PFS, and TSA showed that more studies were needed. Subgroup analysis by tumor type indicated that ALDH1 positivity may be associated with shorter OS in breast, head and neck cancers, but there was no association with colorectal cancer. Subgroup analysis by study source showed that ALDH1 positivity was correlated with a worse OS for Japanese (HR = 1.94, p = 0.002) and European patients (HR = 4.15, p < 0.001), but there was no association for Chinese patients. Subgroup analysis by survival rate showed that ALDH1 positivity correlated with poor OS at ⩾ 5 years (HR = 2.33, p < 0.001) or 10 years (HR = 1.76, p = 0.038). Conclusions ALDH1 may be more valuable as an effective therapeutic target than Nestin for improving the long-term survival rate of advanced cancer. Additional prospective clinical trials are needed across different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Han
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjia Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunhe Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenggang Hou
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
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18
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Liu Y, Zhu D, Xing H, Hou Y, Sun Y. A 6‑gene risk score system constructed for predicting the clinical prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:1521-1530. [PMID: 30747226 PMCID: PMC6365694 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, which commonly has an unfavorable prognosis. The present study aimed to develop a novel prognostic prediction strategy for PAC patients. mRNA sequencing data of PAC (the training dataset) were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the validation datasets (GSE62452 and GSE79668) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between good and poor prognosis groups were analyzed by limma package, and then prognosis‑associated genes were screened using Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the risk score system was constructed and confirmed using Kaplan‑Meier (KM) survival analysis. After the survival associated‑clinical factors were screened using Cox regression analysis, they were performed with stratified analysis. Using DAVID tool, the DEGs correlated with risk scores were conducted with enrichment analysis. The results revealed that there were a total of 242 DEGs between the poor and good prognosis groups. Afterwards, a risk score system was constructed based on 6 prognosis‑associated genes (CXCL11, FSTL4, SEZ6L, SPRR1B, SSTR2 and TINAG), which was confirmed in both the training and validation datasets. Cox regression analysis showed that risk score, targeted molecular therapy, and new tumor (the new tumor event days after the initial treatment according to the TCGA database) were significantly related to clinical prognosis. Under the same clinical condition, 6 clinical factors (age, history of chronic pancreatitis, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy and new tumor (event days) had significant associations with clinical prognosis. Under the same risk condition, only targeted molecular therapy was significantly correlated with clinical prognosis. In conclusion, the 6‑gene risk score system may be a promising strategy for predicting the outcome of PAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Urology, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Wang D, Zheng J, Liu X, Xue Y, Liu L, Ma J, He Q, Li Z, Cai H, Liu Y. Knockdown of USF1 Inhibits the Vasculogenic Mimicry of Glioma Cells via Stimulating SNHG16/miR-212-3p and linc00667/miR-429 Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:465-482. [PMID: 30743215 PMCID: PMC6369224 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anti-angiogenic treatment of malignant glioma cells is an effective method to treat high-grade gliomas. However, due to the presence of vasculogenic mimicry (VM), the anti-angiogenic treatment of gliomas is not significantly effective in improving overall patient median survival. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism of mimic formation of angiogenesis in gliomas. The results of this experiment indicate that the expression of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) is upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. USF1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, VM, and expression of VM-associated proteins in glioma cells by stimulating SNHG16 and linc00667. These two long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate ALHD1A1 through the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism influencing the VM of glioma. This study is the first to demonstrate that the USF1/SNHG16/miR-212-3p/ALDH1A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase-1) and USF1/linc00667/miR-429/ALDH1A1 axis regulates the VM of glioma cells, and these findings might provide a novel strategy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qianru He
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.
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20
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Vassalli G. Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3904645. [PMID: 30733805 PMCID: PMC6348814 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3904645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify a variety of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and are required for the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) and other molecular regulators of cellular function. Over the past decade, high ALDH activity has been increasingly used as a selectable marker for normal cell populations enriched in stem and progenitor cells, as well as for cell populations from cancer tissues enriched in tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Mounting evidence suggests that ALDH not only may be used as a marker for stem cells but also may well regulate cellular functions related to self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and resistance to drugs and radiation. ALDH exerts its functional actions partly through RA biosynthesis, as all-trans RA reverses the functional effects of pharmacological inhibition or genetic suppression of ALDH activity in many cell types in vitro. There is substantial evidence to suggest that the role of ALDH as a stem cell marker comes down to the specific isoform(s) expressed in a particular tissue. Much emphasis has been placed on the ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 members of the ALDH1 family of cytosolic enzymes required for RA biosynthesis. ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 regulate cellular function in both normal stem cells and tumor-initiating stem-like cells, promoting tumor growth and resistance to drugs and radiation. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which ALDH regulates cellular function will likely open new avenues in many fields, especially in tissue regeneration and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Sanh N, Fadul H, Hussein N, Lyn-Cook BD, Hammons G, Ramos-Cardona XE, Mohamed K, Mohammed SI. Proteomics Profiling of Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatitis for Biomarkers Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9. [PMID: 31032145 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7013.1000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with an increase in incidence predicted, particularly in African Americans. Pancreatic cancer is considered a silent disease with poor prognosis and a lack of early biomarkers for detection. Proteomics has been applied in many diseases for identifying or discovering biomarkers. It has long been suggested that chronic pancreatitis may be a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer. This study identified proteins that are altered in expression in pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis compared to normal using proteomic technology. Proteins were extracted from laser captured micro-dissected tissues and separated in 2-DPAGE and imaged. The protein profiles of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis are similar but differed with the protein profile of normal adjacent tissues. Representative proteins, overexpressed in tumor and pancreatitis but not normal tissues, were excised from gels, subjected to in-gel digestion, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Proteins identified included transferrin, ER-60 protein, proapolipoprotein, tropomyosin 1, alpha 1 actin precursor, ACTB protein, and gamma 2 propeptide, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, pancreatic lipase and annexin A1. Several proteins, which were shown in pancreatic cancer, were also observed in pancreatitis samples. Understanding the role of these specific proteins and their mechanistic action will give insights into their involvement in pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sanh
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - H Fadul
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - N Hussein
- Franklin College, IUPUI- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - B D Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - G Hammons
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - X E Ramos-Cardona
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - K Mohamed
- Radiation and Isotopes Center Khartoum (RICK), Sudan
| | - S I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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ALDH1A1 expression is associated with poor differentiation, 'right-sidedness' and poor survival in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205536. [PMID: 30308036 PMCID: PMC6181398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) encodes an enzyme that oxidizes aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. In colorectal cancer ALDH1A1 marks cancer stem cells and plays putative roles in tumor progression and drug resistance. However, the potential value of ALDH1A1 as a diagnostic marker or target for therapy remains unclear. Here, we have analyzed ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein levels in relation to clinical, histopathological and molecular tumor features in large series of human colorectal cancer. Methods ALDH1A1 protein levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in a series of primary colorectal tumors and their corresponding liver metastases (n = 158). ALDH1A1 mRNA levels were analyzed in several large patient cohorts of colorectal cancer. ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein levels were then related to overall survival and to clinical, histopathological and molecular tumor features. Results High levels of ALDH1A1 were associated with a poorly differentiated histology and a right-sided tumor location, but not to a mesenchymal-like molecular subtype. Liver metastases contained significantly higher levels of ALDH1A1 compared to the corresponding primary tumors. Radio- and/or chemotherapy prior to tumor resection was associated with increased ALDH1A1 levels regardless of the molecular subtype. Finally, ALDH1A1 protein expression in primary tumors and metastases correlated with shorter overall survival. Conclusions ALDH1A1 expression is associated with features of poor prognosis, including a poorly differentiated histology and ‘right-sidedness’ of the primary tumor, and with shorter overall survival. ALDH1A1 is also highly expressed in therapy-surviving tumors and in liver metastases. These results warrant further research into the potential value of targeting ALDH1A1 in order to improve the efficacy of standard treatment and thereby preventing tumor recurrence.
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Tamatani T, Takamaru N, Ohe G, Akita K, Nakagawa T, Miyamoto Y. Expression of CD44, CD44v9, ABCG2, CD24, Bmi-1 and ALDH1 in stage I and II oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with clinicopathological factors. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1133-1140. [PMID: 29963189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-replication, self-differentiation, drug resistance and immune evasion activities. In recent years CSCs have become increasingly important for the treatment of malignant tumors. CSCs express specific markers, including cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9), ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), CD24, B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1). However, the prognostic value of their expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not well known. The present study evaluated these markers in stage I and II patients with OSCC and examined the association between T classification, histological differentiation, classification of invasion mode, lymph node metastasis and disease-free survival rate. Tissue specimens were obtained from 70 patients with stage I or II OSCC following either surgery or biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was performed and positive staining was defiend as 10% positive cells. CD44 and CD44v9 expressions were strongly detected in all OSCC tissues compared with normal epithelial cells. A total of 22 (31.4%) cases expressed ABCG2 and there was a significant association between ABCG2 expression and invasion. A total of 41 cases (59.0%) expressed CD24 and there was a significant association between CD24 expression and invasion. A total of 33 cases (47.1%) expressed BMI-1 and there was a significant association between BMI-1 expression and the disease-free survival rate. A total of 18 cases (25.7%) expressed ALDH1. Although there was no association between ALDH1 expression and T classification, there were significant associations between ALDH1 expression and histological differentiation, invasion mode, metastasis and the disease-free survival rate. Multivariate analysis revealed that ALDH1 expression was the only prognostic factor for disease-free survival rate. The results of the present study suggest that the positivity of ALDH1 detected in patients with OSCC correlates with the number of cells undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis. These findings indicated that the expression of ALDH1 may be an effective prognostic marker indicating the survival of patients with stage I and II OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tamatani
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takamaru
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Go Ohe
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Youji Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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Tomita H, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Hara A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 in stem cells and cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11018-32. [PMID: 26783961 PMCID: PMC4905455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains 19 putatively functional aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes, which encode enzymes critical for detoxification of endogenous and exogenous aldehyde substrates through NAD(P)+-dependent oxidation. ALDH1 has three main isotypes, ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3, and is a marker of normal tissue stem cells (SC) and cancer stem cells (CSC), where it is involved in self-renewal, differentiation and self-protection. Experiments with murine and human cells indicate that ALDH1 activity, predominantly attributed to isotype ALDH1A1, is tissue- and cancer-specific. High ALDH1 activity and ALDH1A1 overexpression are associated with poor cancer prognosis, though high ALDH1 and ALDH1A1 levels do not always correlate with highly malignant phenotypes and poor clinical outcome. In cancer therapy, ALDH1A1 provides a useful therapeutic CSC target in tissue types that normally do not express high levels of ALDH1A1, including breast, lung, esophagus, colon and stomach. Here we review the functions and mechanisms of ALDH1A1, the key ALDH isozyme linked to SC populations and an important contributor to CSC function in cancers, and we outline its potential in future anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Yasgar A, Titus SA, Wang Y, Danchik C, Yang SM, Vasiliou V, Jadhav A, Maloney DJ, Simeonov A, Martinez NJ. A High-Content Assay Enables the Automated Screening and Identification of Small Molecules with Specific ALDH1A1-Inhibitory Activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170937. [PMID: 28129349 PMCID: PMC5271370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDHs) have a broad spectrum of biological activities through the oxidation of both endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. Increased expression of ALDH1A1 has been identified in a wide-range of human cancer stem cells and is associated with cancer relapse and poor prognosis, raising the potential of ALDH1A1 as a therapeutic target. To facilitate quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) campaigns for the discovery, characterization and structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies of small molecule ALDH1A1 inhibitors with cellular activity, we show herein the miniaturization to 1536-well format and automation of a high-content cell-based ALDEFLUOR assay. We demonstrate the utility of this assay by generating dose-response curves on a comprehensive set of prior art inhibitors as well as hundreds of ALDH1A1 inhibitors synthesized in house. Finally, we established a screening paradigm using a pair of cell lines with low and high ALDH1A1 expression, respectively, to uncover novel cell-active ALDH1A1-specific inhibitors from a collection of over 1,000 small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Titus
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Carina Danchik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Shyh-Ming Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - David J. Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (NJM)
| | - Natalia J. Martinez
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (NJM)
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26
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Wang MC, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing L, Cui J, Guo H, Tian T, Ruan ZP, Wei YC, Jiang LL, Sun HF, Huang LX, Nan KJ, Li CL. Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 promotes invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer stem cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling, an ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo study. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9586-99. [PMID: 26840020 PMCID: PMC4891062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell theory indicates cancer stem cells are the key to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Studies showed that BMI-1 could promote self-renew, differentiation and tumor formation of CSCs and invasion/metastasis of human cancer. However, whether BMI-1 could regulate invasion and metastasis ability of CSCs is still unclear. In our study, we found that up-regulated expression of BMI-1 was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. CD133+ cells were obtained by using magnetic cell sorting and identified of CSCs properties such as self-renew, multi-differentiation and tumor formation ability. Then, we found that BMI-1 expression was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Knockdown of BMI-1 expression attenuated invasion ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells in Transwell system and liver metastasis capacity in nude mice which were injected CSCs through the caudal vein. We are the first to reveal that BMI-1 could promote invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Finally, we identified that BMI-1 expression activating PI3K/AKT singing pathway by negative regulating PTEN was the main mechanism of promoting invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic CSCs. In summary, our findings indicate that BMI-1 could be used as the therapeutic target to inhibiting CSCs-mediated pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-ping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Xuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Konrad CV, Murali R, Varghese BA, Nair R. The role of cancer stem cells in tumor heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1-15. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogenous disease displaying marked inter- and intra-tumoral diversity. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been experimentally demonstrated in a number of cancer types as a subpopulation of tumor cells that drives the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of the entire cancer. Thus, eradication of the CSC population is critical for the complete ablation of a tumor. This is, however, confounded by the inherent resistance of CSCs to standard anticancer therapies, eventually leading to the outgrowth of resistant tumor cells and relapse in patients. The cellular mechanisms of therapy resistance in CSCs are ascribed to several factors including a state of quiescence, an enhanced DNA damage response and active repair mechanisms, up-regulated expression of drug efflux transporters, as well as the activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and inactivation of apoptotic signaling. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of resistance to therapy may hold the key to targeting the CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Valbirk Konrad
- Cancer Research Division & Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Reshma Murali
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | | | - Radhika Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
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A Single Talent Immunogenic Membrane Antigen and Novel Prognostic Predictor: voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33648. [PMID: 27659305 PMCID: PMC5034259 DOI: 10.1038/srep33648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic membrane antigens associated with multiple biological functions of human cancer cells, have significant value in molecule diagnosis and targeted therapy. Here we screened immunogenic membrane antigens in pancreatic cancer by immunobloting IgG purified from sera of 66 pancreatic cancer patients with membrane proteins separated from two-dimensional PAGE of human pancreatic cancer cell line SWl990, and identified voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) as one of the potential immunogenic membrane antigens. Further studies focusing on VDAC1 demonstrated that VDAC1 mRNA and protein were significantly expressed in the tested pancreatic cancer cell lines. VDAC1 silencing with RNAi significantly decreased cell growth, invasion and migration in the pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-1. Additionally, VDAC1 expression was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissue compared with normal pancreas samples and patients with low VDAC1 expression had a significantly greater median survival compared to those with high expression (27.0 months vs. 17.8 months, P = 0.039). In multivariable analysis, VDAC1 staining was an independent prognostic factor for survival [(Hazard-Ratio) HR = 1.544, 95% CI = 0.794–3.0, P = 0.021]. These results demonstrated that VDAC1 may be a candidate immunogenic membrane antigen for pancreatic cancer, a potential independent prognostic marker, and an ideal drug target.
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Prognostic Significance of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:682-8. [PMID: 25710579 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIAC) is a rare human malignant tumor. According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, only a small subpopulation of tumor cells has the ability to initiate and increase tumor growth. CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 have been proposed to be putative CSC markers in gastrointestinal malignancies. However, their implications in SIAC still remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the expressions of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 and evaluate their relationships with clinicopathologic parameters including the survival data in SIACs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis for CD44, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 was performed using tissue microarrays for 191 surgically resected SIACs. RESULTS CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 expression was found in 25 (13.5%), 58 (30.7%), 82 (44.1%), and 63 (33.3%) cases, respectively. CD44v6(+) was correlated with vascular tumor invasion (P=0.023). CD133(+) was marginally correlated with the histologic subtype of the tumors (P=0.085). Combined CD44v6(+)/CD133(+) was observed in 11 (5.9%) and was associated with a significantly worse survival rate by univariate (P=0.016) and multivariate (P=0.048; Cox hazard ratio, 2.403) analyses. . CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of the combined CD133 and CD44v6 expression could be a useful tool for predicting a poor outcome in patients with SIAC.
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Stromal expression of ALDH1 in human breast carcinomas indicates reduced tumor progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26789-803. [PMID: 26305673 PMCID: PMC4694953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cancer cells and microenvironment are emerging issue in tumor progression. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a recognized cancer stem cell marker but little is known about its role in intratumoral stroma. Therefore, we focused on ALDH1 expression in tumor-associated stroma of breast carcinomas (BrCa). Stromal and tumoral ALDH1 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in BrCa and their lymph node metastases (LNMs), and related to clinico-pathological characteristics, patients’ outcome, presence of CD68, HLADR, retinoic acid (RA) in stroma, and selected proteins in tumor cells. ALDH1(+) stromal cells were detected in 53% of 374 BrCa and 61% of 102 LNMs. ALDH1(+) stroma in primary tumor correlated to longer disease-free (p = 0.030), metastasis-free (p = 0.024), and overall survival (p = 0.043) having an independent prognostic impact on DFS (multivariate analysis, p = 0.047). It was associated with concomitant presence of HLA-DR(+) stromal cells and RA in tumor cells (both p < 0.001), and inversely associated with vimentin expression in tumor cells (p = 0.036). ALDH1(+) stroma in LNMs correlated inversely to presence of disseminated tumor cells in patients’ bone marrow (p = 0.014) and was independent prognosticator of shorter DFS and MFS (multivariate analysis, p = 0.004 and p = 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, ALDH1 expression in tumor-associated stromal cells indicates reduced BrCa progression, possibly via RA secretion.
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Systematic review of peri-operative prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18:652-63. [PMID: 27485059 PMCID: PMC4972371 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be associated with a poor prognosis. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature regarding potential prognostic biomarkers to facilitate validation studies and clinical application. METHODS A systematic review was performed (2004-2014) according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were ranked using REMARK criteria and the following outcomes were examined: overall/disease free survival, nodal involvement, tumour characteristics, metastasis, recurrence and resectability. RESULTS 256 biomarkers were identified in 158 studies. 171 biomarkers were assessed with respect to overall survival: urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, atypical protein kinase C and HSP27 ranked the highest. 33 biomarkers were assessed for disease free survival: CD24 and S100A4 were the highest ranking. 17 biomarkers were identified for lymph node involvement: Smad4/Dpc4 and FOXC1 ranked highest. 13 biomarkers were examined for tumour grade: mesothelin and EGFR were the highest ranking biomarkers. 10 biomarkers were identified for metastasis: p16 and sCD40L were the highest ranking. 4 biomarkers were assessed resectability: sCD40L, s100a2, Ca 19-9, CEA. CONCLUSION This review has identified and ranked specific biomarkers that should be a primary focus of ongoing validation and clinical translational work in PDAC.
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Tanaka K, Tomita H, Hisamatsu K, Nakashima T, Hatano Y, Sasaki Y, Osada S, Tanaka T, Miyazaki T, Yoshida K, Hara A. ALDH1A1-overexpressing cells are differentiated cells but not cancer stem or progenitor cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24722-32. [PMID: 26160842 PMCID: PMC4694791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is considered to be a cancer stem cell marker in several human malignancies. However, the role of ALDH1A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ALDH1A1 and clinicopathological findings and examined whether ALDH1A1 deserves to be a cancer stem cell marker in HCC. Sixty HCC samples obtained from surgical resection were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Of these 60 samples, 47 samples of HCC tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were evaluated with qRT-PCR. There was no significant difference in the ALDH1A1-mRNA level between tumorous and non-tumorous tissues. Tumorous ALDH1A1-mRNA level had no relationship with the clinicopathological features. Immunoreactivity of ALDH1A1 was classified into two groups based on the percentage of ALDH1A1-overexpressing cells. The ALDH1A1-high group was significantly associated with low serum levels of α-fetoprotein, small tumor diameter, very little lymphovascular invasion, more differentiated pathology and good stage. The ALDH1A1-high group showed more favorable prognosis for recurrence-free survival. In double-staining IHC, ALDH1A1 was not co-expressed with BMI1, EpCAM, CD13, CD24, CD90 and CD133, which reported as cancer stem cell markers in HCC. In conclusion, ALDH1A1-overexpressing cells could appear to be differentiated cells rather than cancer stem cells in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tanaka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Hisamatsu
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Osada
- Department of Multidisciplinary Therapy for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Cancer, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Wang L, Lin D, Fu Y, Lai M. Nuclear aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) expression is a favorable prognostic indicator in colorectal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:791-9. [PMID: 27461829 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the expression pattern of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) in the normal-adenoma-primary carcinoma-liver metastasis sequence, and investigate its association with clinicopathological features and outcomes. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for ALDH1A1 was performed on two cohorts. One used tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 395 primary colorectal carcinomas, and the other used whole-tissue sections from 217 adenomas, 265 primary carcinomas, and 72 liver metastatic carcinomas. Both the epithelial and stromal expression of ALDH1A1 were evaluated. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear expression were assessed in epithelial cells. RESULTS In the TMA and whole-tissue cohorts, univariate analysis indicated that the cytoplasmic expression of ALDH1A1 cannot be considered as a prognosis marker of CRCs. In the whole-tissue cohort, nuclear expression was found in a small subgroup of CRC patients. Here, both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that nuclear expression was significantly associated with longer disease-specific survival. In addition, we found that nuclear expression in low-grade adenoma was predominant over high-grade adenoma, primary CRC and the correpsonding liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Whole-tissue is better than TMA for the detection of ALDH1A1 nuclear staining in CRC patients, and nuclear expression is associated with a better outcome. Cytoplasmic expression is not a suitable prognostic marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongliang Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao University, 266000 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Judicial Evidence and Evaluation Center, Zhejiang University, Kaixuan Road 268, Hangzhou 310028, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Kong B, Wu W, Cheng T, Schlitter AM, Qian C, Bruns P, Jian Z, Jäger C, Regel I, Raulefs S, Behler N, Irmler M, Beckers J, Friess H, Erkan M, Siveke JT, Tannapfel A, Hahn SA, Theis FJ, Esposito I, Kleeff J, Michalski CW. A subset of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas depends quantitatively on oncogenic Kras/Mek/Erk-induced hyperactive mTOR signalling. Gut 2016; 65:647-57. [PMID: 25601637 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncogenic Kras-activated robust Mek/Erk signals phosphorylate to the tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc) and deactivates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) suppression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, Mek and mTOR inhibitors alone have demonstrated minimal clinical antitumor activity. DESIGN We generated transgenic mouse models in which mTOR was hyperactivated either through the Kras/Mek/Erk cascade, by loss of Pten or through Tsc1 haploinsufficiency. Primary cancer cells were isolated from mouse tumours. Oncogenic signalling was assessed in vitro and in vivo, with and without single or multiple targeted molecule inhibition. Transcriptional profiling was used to identify biomarkers predictive of the underlying pathway alterations and of therapeutic response. Results from the preclinical models were confirmed on human material. RESULTS Reduction of Tsc1 function facilitated activation of Kras/Mek/Erk-mediated mTOR signalling, which promoted the development of metastatic PDACs. Single inhibition of mTOR or Mek elicited strong feedback activation of Erk or Akt, respectively. Only dual inhibition of Mek and PI3K reduced mTOR activity and effectively induced cancer cell apoptosis. Analysis of downstream targets demonstrated that oncogenic activity of the Mek/Erk/Tsc/mTOR axis relied on Aldh1a3 function. Moreover, in clinical PDAC samples, ALDH1A3 specifically labelled an aggressive subtype. CONCLUSIONS These results advance our understanding of Mek/Erk-driven mTOR activation and its downstream targets in PDAC, and provide a mechanistic rationale for effective therapeutic matching for Aldh1a3-positive PDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Chengjia Qian
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruns
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ziying Jian
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Behler
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising, Germany Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Department of Gastroenterology, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
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35
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The Role of miRNAs in the Regulation of Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8352684. [PMID: 27006664 PMCID: PMC4783541 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8352684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is currently one of the deadliest cancers with low overall survival rate. This disease leads to an aggressive local invasion and early metastases and is poorly responsive to treatment with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Several studies have shown that pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) play different roles in the regulation of drug resistance and recurrence in pancreatic cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA), a class of newly emerging small noncoding RNAs, is involved in the modulation of several biological activities ranging from invasion to metastases development, as well as drug resistance of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we synthesize the latest findings on the role of miRNAs in regulating different biological properties of pancreatic cancer stem cells.
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36
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Singh S, Arcaroli JJ, Orlicky DJ, Chen Y, Messersmith WA, Bagby S, Purkey A, Quackenbush KS, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1B1 as a Modulator of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2016; 45:117-22. [PMID: 26566217 PMCID: PMC5175203 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to examine expression and the role, if any, of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)1B1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS A tissue microarray of 61 pancreatic cancer patients were evaluated for protein expression of ALDH1B1 by immunohistochemistry. The ALDH1B1 small interfering (RNA) was used to assess the contribution of ALDH1B1 on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS In normal human pancreas, ALDH1B1 is abundantly expressed in glandular cells, but sparsely in the ducts (ALDH1B1 immunopositivity = 16.7 ± 1.7). In pancreatic ductal carcinoma, we found high ALDH1B1 expression in ductal cancerous tissues (ALDH1B1 immunopositivity = 197.2 ± 29.4). Analysis of ALDH1B1 expression in a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue microarray showed the greatest expression in tumors that were more invasive. A variation in ALDH1B1 expression was also observed in 16 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Knockdown of ALDH1B1 caused a 35% reduction in cell growth in the high ALDH1B1-expressing cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our data show for the first time that ALDH1B1 is expressed at very high levels in human pancreatic cancer, and it contributes to proliferation in these tumor cells. These data suggest a potential modulatory role for ALDH1B1 in pancreatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - John J. Arcaroli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Wells A. Messersmith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Stacey Bagby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Alicia Purkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Kevin S. Quackenbush
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
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37
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Integration of inhibition kinetics and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the effects of Zn2+ on acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Wang HJ, Zhou M, Jia L, Sun J, Shi HB, Liu SL, Wang ZZ. Identification of Aberrant Chromosomal Regions in Human Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Data and Related Gene Information. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2557-66. [PMID: 26319982 PMCID: PMC4557392 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer. Chromosomal imbalances, like amplifications and deletions, influence the transcriptional activity of genes. These imbalances affect not only the expression of genes in the aberrant chromosomal regions, but also that of related genes, and may be relevant to the cancer status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, we used the 7 publicly available microarray studies in breast cancer tissues and propose a general and unsupervised method by using the gene expression data and related gene information to systematically identify aberrant chromosomal regions. This method aimed to identify the chromosomal regions where the genes and their related genes both show consistent changes in the expression levels. Such patterns have been reported to be associated with the chromosomal aberrations and may be used in cancer diagnosis. RESULTS We compared 488 tumor and 222 normal samples from 7 microarray-based human breast cancer studies and detected the amplifications of 8q11.21, 14q32.11, 4q21.23, 18q11.2, Xq28, and the deletions of 3p24.1, 10q23.2 (BSCG1), 20p11.21, 9q21.13, and 1q41, which may be involved in the novel mechanisms of tumorigenesis. In addition, several known pathogenic genes, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with breast cancer were found. CONCLUSIONS This approach can be applied to other microarray studies, which provide a new and useful method for exploring chromosome structural variations in different types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jiu Wang
- College of Science, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Environmental Health, Public health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Bo Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (one of The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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Xu X, Chai S, Wang P, Zhang C, Yang Y, Yang Y, Wang K. Aldehyde dehydrogenases and cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:50-7. [PMID: 26319899 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), as essential regulators of aldehyde metabolism in the human body, protect organisms from damage induced by active aldehydes. Given their roles in different cancer types, ALDHs have been evaluated as potential prognostic markers of cancer. ALDHs exhibit high activity in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and may serve as markers of CSCs. Moreover, studies indicated that ALDHs and their regulated retinoic acid, reactive oxygen species and reactive aldehydes metabolism were strongly related with various properties of CSCs. Besides, recent research evidences have demonstrated the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of ALDH expression and activation in CSCs. Thus, this review focuses on the function and regulation of ALDHs in CSCs, particularly ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shoujie Chai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Pingli Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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40
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Individualized radiotherapy (iRT) concepts for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC): indications and prognostic factors. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2015; 400:749-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-015-1309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Wei D, Peng JJ, Gao H, Zhang T, Tan Y, Hu YH. ALDH1 Expression and the Prognosis of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 24:780-8. [PMID: 25921687 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in lung cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of this protein in lung cancer patients remains controversial. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the clinical and prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in lung cancer. METHODS An identification and review of publications assessing clinical or prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in lung cancer until September 1, 2014 was undertaken. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between ALDH1 expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 14 publications met the criteria and comprised 1926 cases. Analysis of these data showed that ALDH1 expression was not significantly associated with the patient age (OR = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.50, P=0.52), tumour size (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.22-2.06, P=0.49), smoking status (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.85-2.22, P=0.19), or tumour grade (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 0.83-3.26, P=0.15). However, in the identified studies, ALDH1 expression was highly correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.16-3.34, P=0.01), tumour TNM staging (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.28-2.22, P=0.0002), decreased overall survival (relative risk [RR]: 1.97,95% CI: 1.16-3.34, P =0.01) and decreased disease free survival (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.64, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows ALDH1 expression in lung cancer is connected with decreased overall and disease free survival and thus marks a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Peng
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yong-He Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China.
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Senol S, Yildırım A, Akalin I, Uruç F, Çobanoğlu B, Yilmaz S, Ceyran B, Kösemetin D, Ece D, Aydın A. Relation of stem cell markers ALDH1 and CD44 with clinicopathological factors in urothelial carcinomas of urinary bladder. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4195-4203. [PMID: 26064330 PMCID: PMC4443164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies are ongoing in regards to superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) either to define targeted therapy or to better select aggressive therapy candidates and also to delineate the outcome of the disease. In this study, we aimed to present the impact of ALDH1 and CD44 as stem cell markers in tumorigenesis and their prognostic value in urothelial carcinoma. We investigated ALDH1 and CD44 immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded material of 125 non-muscle-invasive (NMI) cases in 163 UCB patients. In the NMI-UCB subgroup, we found ALDH1 to be significantly correlated with all poor prognostic factors, including high stage (≥pT2), high grade, recurrence and progression development and poor survey (P=0.001) in contrast to CD44 expression (P>0.05). Although ALDH1 expression had a good correlation with a poor clinical course of UCB, it could be used as a molecular marker to determine the best treatment strategy and could contribute to the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Senol
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asif Yildırım
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Uruç
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengü Çobanoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sarenur Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Ceyran
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kösemetin
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ece
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Aydın
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhan HX, Xu JW, Wu D, Zhang TP, Hu SY. Pancreatic cancer stem cells: new insight into a stubborn disease. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:429-37. [PMID: 25499079 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to conventional therapy and early distant metastasis contribute to the unsatisfactory prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) brings new insights into cancer biology and therapy. Many studies have confirmed the important role of these stem cells in carcinogenesis and the development of hematopoietic and solid cancers. Recent studies have shown that CSCs regulate aggressive behavior, recurrence, and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Here, we review recent advances in pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) research. Particular attention is paid to the regulation mechanisms of pancreatic cancer stem cell functions, such as stemness-related signaling pathways, microRNAs, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the tumor microenvironment, and the development of novel PCSCs targeted therapy. We seek to further understand PCSCs and explore potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-xiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Jian-wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Tai-ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - San-yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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44
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Chen J, Xia Q, Jiang B, Chang W, Yuan W, Ma Z, Liu Z, Shu X. Prognostic Value of Cancer Stem Cell Marker ALDH1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145164. [PMID: 26682730 PMCID: PMC4686173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have indicated the prognostic and clinicopathological value of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients still remains controversial. Thus we performed this study to clarify the relationship between high ALDH1 expression in CRC and its impact on survival and clinicopathological features. METHODS Publications for relevant studies in Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) through April 2015 were identified. Only articles describing ALDH1 antigen with immunohistochemistry in CRC were included. The software RevMan 5.1 was used to analyze the outcomes, including 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and clinicopathological features. RESULTS 9 studies with 1203 patients satisfying the criteria were included. The overall rate of high ALDH1 expression was 46.5% by immunohistochemical staining. High ALDH1 expression as an independent prognostic factor was significantly associated with the 5-year OS and DFS (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.26-0.68, P = 0.0004; OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.24-0.59, P < 0.0001, respectively). High ALDH1 expression was highly correlated with the tumor (T) stage (T3 + T4 vs. T1 + T2; OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.09-4.28, P = 0.03), lymph node (N) stage (N1 + N2 vs. N0; OR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.17-2.79, P = 0.008), and tumor differentiation (G3 vs. G1 + G2; OR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.07-3.30, P = 0.03). However, high ALDH1 expression was not significantly correlated with the patient age (>60 years old vs. <60 years old; OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 0.63-1.94, P = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS High ALDH1 expression indicates a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Moreover, high ALDH1 expression correlates with the T stage, N stage, and tumor differentiation, but not with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzheng Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Song YH, Zhong MZ, Gan PP, Yi PY, Tang YH, Liu YP, Jiang JQ, Li L. ALDH1A1 mediates resistance of diffuse large B cell lymphoma to the CHOP regimen. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11809-17. [PMID: 25344211 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of the resistance of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to chemotherapy, there are few efficient treatment strategies for recurrent/refractory DLBCL. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1 in the resistance of diffuse large B cell lymphoma to the chemotherapeutic mixture consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). The involvement of ALDH1A1 in DLBCL was elucidated by knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition; Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assays were used to determine its role in CHOP sensitivity and clone formation ability. Caspase colorimetric assay was used to measure the extent of apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to measure signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling proteins, and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to measure the differential expression of ALDH1A1 of DLBCL patients and healthy donors. ALDH1A1 showed a 5.64-fold higher expression in malignant B cells than in normal B cells. Diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) decreased the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the CHOP regimen in Farage cells from 344.78 ± 65.75 to 183.88 ± 49.75 ng/ml (P = 0.004). Both knockdown and inhibition of ALDH1A1 reduced clonogenicity, increased caspase-3/caspase-9 activity, and attenuated the phosphorylation status of STAT3/NF-κB. The prognosis of patients with a high level of ALDH1A1 expression was poor compared with that of patients with low levels of expression (P = 0.044). ALDH1A1 is a new mediator for resistance of DLBCL to CHOP; it is a predictor of clinical prognosis and may serve as a potential target to improve chemotherapy responsiveness of human DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Song
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Shen D, Lü ZR, Zhan Y, Si N, Li MM, Yang JM, Zhou HM, Park YD, Zhang Q, Lee J. Effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on ALDH1: Inhibition kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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An RNA interference based study for the role of ALDH1 in keratinocytes: DNA microarray, antibody–chip array and bioinformatics approaches. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhou C, Sun B. The prognostic role of the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: a meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:1144-8. [PMID: 25264224 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and clinicopathological features and its effect on survival. A meta-analysis based on published studies was conducted to accurately evaluate the association between the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in clinical samples and clinical outcome. METHODS A search in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Wanfang databases (up to May 1, 2014) was conducted. Publications assessing the clinical or prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in HNSCC were identified and reviewed until May 1, 2014. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between ALDH1 expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9 publications satisfied the criteria and comprised 749 cases. ALDH1 expression was not significantly associated with tumor T stage [I+II vs. III+IV; odds ratio (OR)=1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.70-2.15, P=0.48]. However, in the identified studies, ALDH1 expression was highly correlated with tumor differentiation (G1+G2 vs. G3; OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.92-5.67, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (OR=4.07, 95% CI=1.18-14.10, P=0.03), decreased overall survival [relative risk (RR)=1.84, 95% CI=1.43-2.36, P<0.0001], and decreased disease-free survival (RR=2.34, 95% CI=1.37-4.00, P=0.002). CONCLUSION ALDH1-positive HNSCC patients had worse prognosis, which was associated with common clinicopathological features and poor prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baochun Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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Mizukami T, Kamachi H, Mitsuhashi T, Tsuruga Y, Hatanaka Y, Kamiyama T, Matsuno Y, Taketomi A. Immunohistochemical analysis of cancer stem cell markers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:687. [PMID: 25240521 PMCID: PMC4190289 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to play an important role in chemoradiation resistance. Although the association of CSC markers with clinicopathological outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) has been reported in various types of cancers, there have been no such reports for pancreatic cancer. Here we examined the sequential changes in CSC marker expressions after NACRT in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) and the impact of these changes on the prognosis. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expressions of the CSC markers epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD24, CD44, CD133, CXCR4 and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in resected specimens obtained from 28 PA patients, and we compared these expressions with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters and survival data. Results The expression frequencies of CD44 and ALDH1 were significantly higher in the NACRT group (n = 17) compared to the non-NACRT group (n = 11), but the CD133 expression was significantly lower in the NACRT group. In the NACRT group, the expression of CD133 was inversely correlated with that of ALDH1, and CD133+/ALDH1- expression was associated with an unfavorable patient outcome. Conclusion This is the first report showing that NACRT may influence the expression frequencies of CD44, CD133 and ALDH1 in PA patients. Moreover, CD133 and ALDH1 expressions may be useful predictors of prognosis in PA patients who have received NACRT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-687) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirofumi Kamachi
- Department of Gastoroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Banerjee S, Nomura A, Sangwan V, Chugh R, Dudeja V, Vickers SM, Saluja A. CD133+ tumor initiating cells in a syngenic murine model of pancreatic cancer respond to Minnelide. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2388-99. [PMID: 24634377 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause for cancer-related mortality with a survival rate of less than 5%. Late diagnosis and lack of effective chemotherapeutic regimen contribute to these grim survival statistics. Relapse of any tumor is largely attributed to the presence of tumor-initiating cells (TIC) or cancer stem cells (CSC). These cells are considered as hurdles to cancer therapy as no known chemotherapeutic compound is reported to target them. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a TIC-targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We isolated CD133(+) cells from a spontaneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mouse model and studied both surface expression, molecular markers of pancreatic TICs. We also studied tumor initiation properties by implanting low numbers of CD133(+) cells in immune competent mice. Effect of Minnelide, a drug currently under phase I clinical trial, was studied on the tumors derived from the CD133(+) cells. RESULTS Our study showed for the first time that CD133(+) population demonstrated all the molecular markers for pancreatic TIC. These cells initiated tumors in immunocompetent mouse models and showed increased expression of prosurvival and proinvasive proteins compared to the CD133(-) non-TIC population. Our study further showed that Minnelide was very efficient in downregulating both CD133(-) and CD133(+) population in the tumors, resulting in a 60% decrease in tumor volume compared with the untreated ones. CONCLUSION As Minnelide is currently under phase I clinical trial, its evaluation in reducing tumor burden by decreasing TIC as well as non-TIC population suggests its potential as an effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Banerjee
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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