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Fernandes I, Chehade R, MacKay H. PARP inhibitors in non-ovarian gynecologic cancers. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241255174. [PMID: 38882441 PMCID: PMC11179472 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241255174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have transformed the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly benefiting patients whose tumors harbor genomic events that result in impaired homologous recombination (HR) repair. The use of PARPi over recent years has expanded to include subpopulations of patients with breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Their potential to benefit patients with non-ovarian gynecologic cancers is being recognized. This review examines the underlying biological rationale for exploring PARPi in non-ovarian gynecologic cancers. We consider the clinical data and place this in the context of the current treatment landscape. We review the development of PARPi strategies for treating patients with endometrial, cervical, uterine leiomyosarcoma, and vulvar cancers. Furthermore, we discuss future directions and the importance of understanding HR deficiency in the context of each cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Chehade
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen MacKay
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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2
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Paraghamian SE, Qiu J, Hawkins GM, Zhao Z, Sun W, Fan Y, Zhang X, Suo H, Hao T, Prabhu VV, Allen JE, Zhou C, Bae-Jump V. A novel dopamine receptor D2 antagonist (ONC206) potentiates the effects of olaparib in endometrial cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2202104. [PMID: 37069726 PMCID: PMC10115124 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2202104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are effective therapies for cancer patients with homologous recombination (HR) deficient tumors. The imipridone ONC206 is an orally bioavailable dopamine receptor D2 antagonist and mitochondrial protease ClpP agonist that has anti-tumorigenic effects in endometrial cancer via induction of apoptosis, activation of the integrated stress response and modulation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Both PARP inhibitors and imipridones are being evaluated in endometrial cancer clinical trials but have yet to be explored in combination. In this manuscript, we evaluated the effects of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with ONC206 in human endometrioid endometrial cancer cell lines and in a genetically engineered mouse model of endometrial cancer. Our results showed that simultaneous exposure of endometrial cancer cells to olaparib and ONC206 resulted in synergistic anti-proliferative effects and increased cellular stress and apoptosis in both cell lines, compared to either drug alone. The combination treatment also decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduced phosphorylation of AKT and S6, with greater effects compared to either drug alone. In the transgenic model of endometrial cancer, the combination of olaparib and ONC206 resulted in a more significant reduction in tumor weight in obese and lean mice compared to ONC206 alone or olaparib alone, together with a considerably decreased Ki-67 and enhanced H2AX expression in obese and lean mice. These results suggest that this novel dual therapy may be worthy of further exploration in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Paraghamian
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jianqing Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gabrielle M. Hawkins
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yali Fan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Suo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianran Hao
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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3
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Zhang A, Zhang L, Xie X, Liu D. Inhibition of ATM with KU-55933 Sensitizes Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines to Olaparib. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:1061-1071. [PMID: 38144904 PMCID: PMC10748556 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s426923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most prevalent gynecologic cancers, which poses a serious threat to women's health worldwide. Olaparib, the first FDA-approved PARP inhibitor for the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancers, triggers apoptosis of cancer cells through synthetic lethality by inhibiting PARP1/2 enzymatic activity and BRCA1/2-dependent homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency. However, the synergistic lethal effects between Olaparib and inhibitors of other DNA damage response proteins, such as ATM, PTEN and RAD51, are still unknown. Aim Exploring the synergistic lethal effect between Olaparib and KU-55933 on EC. Methods The GEPIA database was used to test EC patient survival rate. CCK8 was used for cell viability assays. Western blot was used for examining gene levels. The wound healing assay was used to detect cell migration ability. Flow cytometry was used for detecting the apoptosis rate. All experimental conditions were repeated independently in triplicate and analyzed in three separate experiments. Results In this study, we discovered that the frequency of ATM alterations in endometrial cancer reaches nearly 20% and that there is a positive correlation between ATM alterations and prognosis. Furthermore, we discovered that endometrial cells with low expression levels of ATM are sensitive to Olaparib. Treatment with KU-55933, a specific inhibitor of ATM, significantly enhanced the sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to Olaparib, as evidenced by colony formation, cell migration and apoptosis assay. Further analysis revealed that KU-55933 potentiates Olaparib-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting ATM phosphorylation. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that inhibiting ATM could enhance the sensitivity of endometrial cancer to Olaparib, thereby providing a potential alternative treatment for the clinical treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqing Zhang
- Gynaecology Department, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Gynaecology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xie
- Gynaecology Department, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Gynaecology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
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Sharma S, Chandra K, Naik A, Sharma A, Sharma R, Thakur A, Grewal AS, Dhingra AK, Banerjee A, Liou JP, Guru SK, Nepali K. Flavone-based dual PARP-Tubulin inhibitor manifesting efficacy against endometrial cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2276665. [PMID: 37919954 PMCID: PMC10627047 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2276665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural tailoring of the flavone framework (position 7) via organopalladium-catalyzed C-C bond formation was attempted in this study. The impact of substituents with varied electronic effects (phenyl ring, position 2 of the benzopyran scaffold) on the antitumor properties was also assessed. Resultantly, the efforts yielded a furyl arm bearing benzopyran possessing a 4-fluoro phenyl ring (position 2) (14) that manifested a magnificent antitumor profile against the Ishikawa cell lines mediated through dual inhibition of PARP and tubulin [(IC50 (PARP1) = 74 nM, IC50 (PARP2) = 109 nM) and tubulin (IC50 = 1.4 µM)]. Further investigations confirmed the ability of 14 to induce apoptosis as well as autophagy and cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Overall, the outcome of the study culminated in a tractable dual PARP-tubulin inhibitor endowed with an impressive activity profile against endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kavya Chandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa campus, Goa, India
| | - Aliva Naik
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa campus, Goa, India
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Chrisochoidou Y, Roy R, Farahmand P, Gonzalez G, Doig J, Krasny L, Rimmer EF, Willis AE, MacFarlane M, Huang PH, Carragher NO, Munro AF, Murphy DJ, Veselkov K, Seckl MJ, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOC, Pardo OE. Crosstalk with lung fibroblasts shapes the growth and therapeutic response of mesothelioma cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:725. [PMID: 37938546 PMCID: PMC10632403 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the mesothelial layer associated with an extensive fibrotic response. The latter is in large part mediated by cancer-associated fibroblasts which mediate tumour progression and poor prognosis. However, understanding of the crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts in this disease is mostly lacking. Here, using co-cultures of patient-derived mesothelioma cell lines and lung fibroblasts, we demonstrate that fibroblast activation is a self-propagated process producing a fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) and triggering drug resistance in mesothelioma cells. Following characterisation of mesothelioma cells/fibroblasts signalling crosstalk, we identify several FDA-approved targeted therapies as far more potent than standard-of-care Cisplatin/Pemetrexed in ECM-embedded co-culture spheroid models. In particular, the SRC family kinase inhibitor, Saracatinib, extends overall survival well beyond standard-of-care in a mesothelioma genetically-engineered mouse model. In short, we lay the foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mesothelioma/fibroblast communication for the treatment of mesothelioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajat Roy
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pooyeh Farahmand
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Guadalupe Gonzalez
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Doig
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lukas Krasny
- Molecular and Systems Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ella F Rimmer
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Paul H Huang
- Molecular and Systems Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alison F Munro
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Seckl
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse St, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William O C Cookson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse St, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Olivier E Pardo
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Li J, Li X, Quan C, Li X, Wan C, Wu X. Genomic profile of Chinese patients with endometrial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:888. [PMID: 37730563 PMCID: PMC10512642 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy in China. However, the genetic profile of Chinese EC patients has not been well established yet. METHODS In current study, 158 Chinese EC patients were subjected to next-generation sequencing assay (74 took testing of EC-related 20-genes panel, and 84 took the expanded panel). Of the 158 patients, 91 patients were performed germline mutation testing using the expanded panel. Moreover, the public datasets from TCGA and MSKCC were utilized to compare the genomic differences between Chinese and Western EC patients. The proteomic and transcriptomic from CPTAC and TCGA were derived and performed unsupervised clustering to identify molecular subtypes. RESULTS Among the 158 patients analyzed, a significant majority (85.4%) exihibited at least one somatic alteration, with the most prevalent alterations occurring in PTEN, PIK3CA, TP53, and ARID1A. These genomic alterations were mainly enriched in the PI3K, cell cycle, RAS/RAF/MAPK, Epigenetic modifiers/Chromatin remodelers, and DNA damage repair (DDR) signaling pathways. Additionally, we identified ten individuals (11.0%) with pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline alterations in seven genes, with the DDR pathway being predominantly involved. Compared to Western EC patients, Chinese EC patients displayed different prevalence in AKT1, MET, PMS2, PIK3R1, and CTCF. Notably, 69.6% of Chinese EC patients were identified with actionable alterations. In addition, we discovered novel molecular subtypes in ARID1A wild-type patients, characterized by an inferior prognosis, higher TP53 but fewer PTEN and PIK3CA alterations. Additionally, this subtype exhibited a significantly higher abundance of macrophages and activated dendritic cells. CONCLUSION Our study has contributed valuable insights into the unique germline and somatic genomic profiles of Chinese EC patients, enhancing our understanding of their biological characteristics and potential therapeutic avenues. Furthermore, we have highlighted the presence of molecular heterogeneity in ARID1A-wild type EC patients, shedding light on the complexity of this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlian Quan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Wan
- Precision Medicine Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Johnson RL, Ganesan S, Thangavelu A, Theophilou G, de Jong D, Hutson R, Nugent D, Broadhead T, Laios A, Cummings M, Orsi NM. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Advanced, Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: A Scoping Review with SWOT Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4632. [PMID: 37760602 PMCID: PMC10527181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Results of recent clinical trials using the immune check point inhibitors (ICI) pembrolizumab or dostarlimab with/without lenvatinib has led to their approval for specific molecular subgroups of advanced recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). Herein, we summarise the clinical data leading to this first tissue-agnostic approval. As this novel therapy is not yet available in the United Kingdom standard care setting, we explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of ICI treatment in EC. Major databases were searched focusing on clinical trials using programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) ICI which ultimately contributed to anti-PD-1 approval in EC. We performed a data quality assessment, reviewing survival and safety analysis. We included 15 studies involving 1609 EC patients: 458 with mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status and 1084 with mismatch repair proficiency/microsatellite stable (MMRp/MSS) status. Pembrolizumab/dostarlimab have been approved for MMRd ECs, with the addition of lenvatinib for MMRp cases in the recurrent setting. Future efforts will focus on the pathological assessment of biomarkers to determine molecular phenotypes that correlate with response or resistance to ICI in order to identify patients most likely to benefit from this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Louise Johnson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Subhasheenee Ganesan
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Amudha Thangavelu
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Georgios Theophilou
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Diederick de Jong
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Richard Hutson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David Nugent
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Timothy Broadhead
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alexandros Laios
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michele Cummings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Nicolas Michel Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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8
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Bian X, Sun C, Cheng J, Hong B. Targeting DNA Damage Repair and Immune Checkpoint Proteins for Optimizing the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2241. [PMID: 37765210 PMCID: PMC10536053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependence of cancer cells on the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway for the repair of endogenous- or exogenous-factor-induced DNA damage has been extensively studied in various cancer types, including endometrial cancer (EC). Targeting one or more DNA damage repair protein with small molecules has shown encouraging treatment efficacy in preclinical and clinical models. However, the genes coding for DDR factors are rarely mutated in EC, limiting the utility of DDR inhibitors in this disease. In the current review, we recapitulate the functional role of the DNA repair system in the development and progression of cancer. Importantly, we discuss strategies that target DDR proteins, including PARP, CHK1 and WEE1, as monotherapies or in combination with cytotoxic agents in the treatment of EC and highlight the compounds currently being evaluated for their efficacy in EC in clinic. Recent studies indicate that the application of DNA damage agents in cancer cells leads to the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses; targeting immune checkpoint proteins could overcome the immune suppressive environment in tumors. We further summarize recently revolutionized immunotherapies that have been completed or are now being evaluated for their efficacy in advanced EC and propose future directions for the development of DDR-based cancer therapeutics in the treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Bian
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China; (X.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China; (X.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jin Cheng
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China; (X.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Bo Hong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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9
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Asai T, Yokota M, Isomura H, Koide H, Sakurai N, Okamoto A, Ando H, Dewa T, Oku N. Treatment of PTEN-Null Breast Cancer by a Synthetic Lethal Approach Involving PARP1 Gene Silencing. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1908-1914. [PMID: 36828124 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted from chromosome 10 is frequently observed in a variety of human cancers and appears to be an ideal target in synthetic lethality-based treatment. In this study, the synthetic lethal interaction between PTEN loss and the gene silencing of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) was examined in human triple-negative breast cancer cells (PTEN-null MDA-MB-468 and PTEN-positive MDA-MB-231 cells). Polycation liposomes previously developed by us were employed to deliver the small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) targeted toward PARP1 (siPARP1) into the cancer cells. The silencing of the PARP1 gene exerted a cytocidal effect on the MDA-MB-468 cells but had no effect on the MDA-MB-231 cells and the human umbilical vein endothelial cells employed as normal cells. The simultaneous knockdown of PARP1 and PTEN in the MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the significant inhibition of cell growth. The data suggest that the effects of the PARP1 knockdown on the cells were dependent on the PTEN status. A significant increase in the DNA breaks and the extent of apoptosis, possibly due to the failure of DNA repair, was observed upon PARP1 knockdown in the MDA-MB-468 cells compared with the case in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings suggest that the synthetic lethal approach via PARP1 gene silencing holds promise for the treatment of patients with PTEN-null breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideki Isomura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sakurai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takehisa Dewa
- Department of Life and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
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10
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Inhibition of BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation synergizes with PARP inhibition to ablate PTEN-deficient endometrial carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:558. [PMID: 35725817 PMCID: PMC9209517 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) impairs DNA double-strand repair and confers sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). However, PARPis also hyperactivate the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in PTEN-deficient endometrial carcinoma (EC), which allows the emergence of PARPi resistance. BCL-2-associated death promoter (BAD), integrates the common cell survival effects of the RAS/MEK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Herein, it was observed that increased BADSer99 (BADS99) phosphorylation in EC cells was significantly associated with PTEN-deficient status. Forced expression of phosphorylation deficient human BADS99A in PTEN-deficient EC cells significantly increased CASPASE 3/7 activity and decreased EC cell viability. Using NPB as a pharmacological inhibitor of pBADS99 phosphorylation, it was demonstrated that NPB synergized with PARPis (Olaparib, Rucaparib and Talazoparib) to enhance PARPi IC50 up to 60-fold and decreased survival, foci formation, and growth in 3D ex vivo culture of PTEN-deficient EC cells. Combined NPB-PARPi treatment of PTEN-deficient EC cells stimulated apoptosis and promoted DNA damage by impairment of homologous recombination. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 endonuclease system it was demonstrated that deletion of PTEN in PTEN replete EC cells enhanced the efficacy of combined NPB-PARPi treatment. Furthermore, combined inhibition of BADS99 phosphorylation and PARP ablated xenograft growth of PTEN-deficient EC cells. Similarly, a combination of NPB and PARPis significantly suppressed the growth of PTEN deficient patient-derived EC organoids. Hence, combined inhibition of BADS99 phosphorylation and PARP represents a rational and efficacious strategy to improve the prognosis of recurrent EC patients.
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11
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Gralewska P, Gajek A, Rybaczek D, Marczak A, Rogalska A. The Influence of PARP, ATR, CHK1 Inhibitors on Premature Mitotic Entry and Genomic Instability in High-Grade Serous BRCAMUT and BRCAWT Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121889. [PMID: 35741017 PMCID: PMC9221516 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olaparib is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) that inhibits PARP1/2, leading to replication-induced DNA damage that requires homologous recombination repair. Olaparib is often insufficient to treat BRCA-mutated (BRCAMUT) and BRCA wild-type (BRCAWT) high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). We examined the short-term (up to 48 h) efficacy of PARPi treatment on a DNA damage response pathway mediated by ATR and CHK1 kinases in BRCAMUT (PEO-1) and BRCAWT (SKOV-3 and OV-90) cells. The combination of ATRi/CHK1i with PARPi was not more cytotoxic than ATR and CHK1 monotherapy. The combination of olaparib with inhibitors of the ATR/CHK1 pathway generated chromosomal abnormalities, independent on BRCAMUT status of cells and formed of micronuclei (MN). However, the beneficial effect of the PARPi:ATRi combination on MN was seen only in the PEO1 BRCAMUT line. Monotherapy with ATR/CHK1 inhibitors reduced BrdU incorporation due to a slower rate of DNA synthesis, which resulted from elevated levels of replication stress, while simultaneous blockade of PARP and ATR caused beneficial effects only in OV-90 cells. Inhibition of ATR/CHK1 increased the formation of double-strand breaks as measured by increased γH2AX expression at collapsed replication forks, resulting in increased levels of apoptosis. Our findings indicate that ATR and CHK1 inhibitors provoke premature mitotic entry, leading to genomic instability and ultimately cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Gralewska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Dorota Rybaczek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-44-77
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12
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Principe DR. Precision Medicine for BRCA/PALB2-Mutated Pancreatic Cancer and Emerging Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Responses to PARP Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040897. [PMID: 35205643 PMCID: PMC8869830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For the small subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with loss-of-function mutations to BRCA1/2 or PALB2, both first-line and maintenance therapy differs significantly. These mutations confer a loss of double-strand break DNA homologous recombination (HR), substantially altering drug sensitivities. In this review, we discuss the current treatment guidelines for PDAC tumors deficient in HR, as well as newly emerging strategies to improve drug responses in this population. We also highlight additional patient populations in which these strategies may also be effective, and novel strategies aiming to confer similar drug sensitivity to tumors proficient in HR repair. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. As patients typically present with advanced disease and show poor responses to broad-spectrum chemotherapy, overall survival remains a dismal 10%. This underscores an urgent clinical need to identify new therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients. Precision medicine is now the standard of care for several difficult-to-treat cancer histologies. Such approaches involve the identification of a clinically actionable molecular feature, which is matched to an appropriate targeted therapy. Selective poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors such as Niraparib, Olaparib, Talazoparib, Rucaparib, and Veliparib are now approved for several cancers with loss of high-fidelity double-strand break homologous recombination (HR), namely those with deleterious mutations to BRCA1/2, PALB2, and other functionally related genes. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of such mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common and lethal pancreatic cancer histotype, significantly alters drug responses both with respect to first-line chemotherapy and maintenance therapy. In this review, we discuss the current treatment paradigm for PDAC tumors with confirmed deficits in double-strand break HR, as well as emerging strategies to both improve responses to PARP inhibition in HR-deficient PDAC and confer sensitivity to tumors proficient in HR repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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13
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Bonazzi VF, Kondrashova O, Smith D, Nones K, Sengal AT, Ju R, Packer LM, Koufariotis LT, Kazakoff SH, Davidson AL, Ramarao-Milne P, Lakis V, Newell F, Rogers R, Davies C, Nicklin J, Garrett A, Chetty N, Perrin L, Pearson JV, Patch AM, Waddell N, Pollock PM. Patient-derived xenograft models capture genomic heterogeneity in endometrial cancer. Genome Med 2022; 14:3. [PMID: 35012638 PMCID: PMC8751371 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is a major gynecological cancer with increasing incidence. It comprises four molecular subtypes with differing etiology, prognoses, and responses to chemotherapy. In the future, clinical trials testing new single agents or combination therapies will be targeted to the molecular subtype most likely to respond. As pre-clinical models that faithfully represent the molecular subtypes of EC are urgently needed, we sought to develop and characterize a panel of novel EC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Methods Here, we report whole exome or whole genome sequencing of 11 PDX models and their matched primary tumor. Analysis of multiple PDX lineages and passages was performed to study tumor heterogeneity across lineages and/or passages. Based on recent reports of frequent defects in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway in EC, we assessed mutational signatures and HR deficiency scores and correlated these with in vivo responses to the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) talazoparib in six PDXs representing the copy number high/p53-mutant and mismatch-repair deficient molecular subtypes of EC. Results PDX models were successfully generated from grade 2/3 tumors, including three uterine carcinosarcomas. The models showed similar histomorphology to the primary tumors and represented all four molecular subtypes of EC, including five mismatch-repair deficient models. The different PDX lineages showed a wide range of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. However, for most PDX models, one arm recapitulated the molecular landscape of the primary tumor without major genomic drift. An in vivo response to talazoparib was detected in four copy number high models. Two models (carcinosarcomas) showed a response consistent with stable disease and two models (one copy number high serous EC and another carcinosarcoma) showed significant tumor growth inhibition, albeit one consistent with progressive disease; however, all lacked the HR deficiency genomic signature. Conclusions EC PDX models represent the four molecular subtypes of disease and can capture intra-tumor heterogeneity of the original primary tumor. PDXs of the copy number high molecular subtype showed sensitivity to PARPi; however, deeper and more durable responses will likely require combination of PARPi with other agents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-021-00990-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Bonazzi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology located at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deborah Smith
- Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mater Pathology, Mater Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Asmerom T Sengal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology located at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Ju
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology located at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leisl M Packer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology located at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lambros T Koufariotis
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aimee L Davidson
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Priya Ramarao-Milne
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rogers
- Mater Pathology, Mater Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire Davies
- Mater Pathology, Mater Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Nicklin
- The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD, Australia.,Icon Cancer Centre Wesley, Auchenflower, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea Garrett
- The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD, Australia.,Icon Cancer Centre Wesley, Auchenflower, QLD, Australia
| | - Naven Chetty
- Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mater Pathology, Mater Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lewis Perrin
- Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mater Pathology, Mater Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology located at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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14
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Le Gac M, Koual M, Delanoy N, Perkins G, Nguyen-Xuan HT, Blons H, Le Frère-Belda MA, Laurent-Puig P, Bentivegna E, Durdux C, Azaïs H, Bats AS. [Place of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of endometrial and cervical cancers]. Bull Cancer 2021; 109:65-75. [PMID: 34801228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New molecular therapeutic approaches have emerged in recent years for advanced gynaecological cancers, including targeted therapies such as poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). These have demonstrated efficacy in high-grade serous ovarian cancers in patients carrying a mutation in the BRCA gene, which predisposes them to breast and ovarian cancers. Clinical and pre-clinical data suggest that the activity of PARPi inhibitors may not be limited to BRCA mutated tumours and may involve the homologous recombination pathway. These data raise the question of the potential efficacy of PARPi in advanced endometrial and cervical cancers where treatment options are currently limited. At present, there are few data available on the activity of PARPi in endometrial and cervical cancers, but some results seem promising. In this review, we present a synthesis of the available studies concerning PARPi in endometrial and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Le Gac
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Meriem Koual
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 1124, université de Paris, centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Delanoy
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncologie médicale, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Perkins
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncogénétique, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Huyên-Thu Nguyen-Xuan
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, biochimie, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncologie médicale, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Enrica Bentivegna
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Durdux
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncologie médicale, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Henri Azaïs
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 75015 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bats
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 75015 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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15
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Shen K, Yang L, Li FY, Zhang F, Ding LL, Yang J, Lu J, Wang NN, Wang Y. Research progress of PARP inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy for endometrial cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:145-155. [PMID: 34139979 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210617111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the three most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive system. Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancers have poor prognoses and lack effective treatments. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been applied to many different types of tumors, and they can selectively kill tumor cells that are defective in homologous recombination repair. Endometrial cancer is characterized by mutations in homologous recombination repair genes; accordingly, PARP inhibitors have achieved positive results in off-label treatments of endometrial cancer cases. Clinical trials of PARP inhibitors as monotherapies and within combination therapies for endometrial cancer are ongoing. For this review, we searched PubMed with "endometrial cancer" and "PARP inhibitor" as keywords, and we used "olaparib", "rucaparib", "niraparib" and "talazoparib" as search terms in clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials. The literature search ended in October 2020, and only English-language publications were selected. Multiple studies confirm that PARP inhibitors play an important role in killing tumor cells with defects in homologous recombination repair. Its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, and other drugs can improve the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Fei-Yan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Lei-Lei Ding
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Jie Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
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16
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Cao W, Ma X, Fischer JV, Sun C, Kong B, Zhang Q. Immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: rationale, practice and perspectives. Biomark Res 2021; 9:49. [PMID: 34134781 PMCID: PMC8207707 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention nowadays, and multiple clinical trials have confirmed its effect in a variety of solid tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and lymphocyte-promoting cytokines are the main immunotherapy methods. Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent tumors in women and the prognosis of recurrent or metastatic EC is poor. Since molecular classification has been applied to EC, immunotherapy for different EC subtypes (especially POLE and MSI-H) has gradually attracted attention. In this review, we focus on the expression and molecular basis of the main biomarkers in the immunotherapy of EC firstly, as well as their clinical application significance and limitations. Blocking tumor immune checkpoints is one of the most effective strategies for cancer treatment in recent years, and has now become the focus in the field of tumor research and treatment. We summarized clinical date of planned and ongoing clinical trials and introduced other common immunotherapy methods in EC, such as cancer vaccine and ACT. Hormone aberrations, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and p53 mutant and that affect the immunotherapy of endometrial cancer will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jean Victoria Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine, Gynecologic Pathology Fellow, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chenggong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China. .,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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17
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Principe DR, Narbutis M, Koch R, Rana A. Frequency and prognostic value of mutations associated with the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway in a large pan cancer cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20223. [PMID: 33214570 PMCID: PMC7677533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in the clinical management of several BRCA-mutated tumors. This approach is based on the long-standing hypothesis that PARP inhibition will impair the repair of single stranded breaks, causing synthetic lethality in tumors with loss of high-fidelity double-strand break homologous recombination. While this is now well accepted and has been the basis of several successful clinical trials, emerging evidence strongly suggests that mutation to several additional genes involved in homologous recombination may also have predictive value for PARP inhibitors. While this notion is supported by early clinical evidence, the mutation frequencies of these and other functionally related genes are largely unknown, particularly in cancers not classically associated with homologous recombination deficiency. We therefore evaluated the mutation status of 22 genes associated with the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway or PARP inhibitor sensitivity, first in a pan-cancer cohort of 55,586 patients, followed by a more focused analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of 12,153 patients. In both groups we observed high rates of mutations in a variety of HR-associated genes largely unexplored in the setting of PARP inhibition, many of which were associated also with poor clinical outcomes. We then extended our study to determine which mutations have a known oncogenic role, as well as similar to known oncogenic mutations that may have a similar phenotype. Finally, we explored the individual cancer histologies in which these genomic alterations are most frequent. We concluded that the rates of deleterious mutations affecting genes associated with the homologous recombination pathway may be underrepresented in a wide range of human cancers, and several of these genes warrant further and more focused investigation, particularly in the setting of PARP inhibition and HR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 601 Clinical Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Narbutis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 601 Clinical Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Regina Koch
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 601 Clinical Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Sinha A, Saleh A, Endersby R, Yuan SH, Chokshi CR, Brown KR, Kuzio B, Kauppinen T, Singh SK, Baker SJ, McKinnon PJ, Katyal S. RAD51-Mediated DNA Homologous Recombination Is Independent of PTEN Mutational Status. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113178. [PMID: 33138032 PMCID: PMC7693555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PTEN is an important tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in malignancy. PTEN mutational loss has been associated with reduced RAD51 expression and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), however; recent studies have failed to recapitulate these findings. Here, we show that RAD51 expression, foci formation and homologous recombination repair activity are unaltered in normal and tumorigenic PTEN-deficient cells and patient samples. Furthermore, we show that PTEN-deficient tumor cell lines do not synergize with the clinical PARP inhibitor olaparib, underscoring a need to discontinue its use in treating patients with PTEN-deficient tumors that do not otherwise exhibit HRD. Abstract PTEN mutation occurs in a variety of aggressive cancers and is associated with poor patient outcomes. Recent studies have linked mutational loss of PTEN to reduced RAD51 expression and function, a key factor involved in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. However, these studies remain controversial, as they fail to establish a definitive causal link to RAD51 expression that is PTEN-dependent, while other studies have not been able to recapitulate the relationship between the PTEN expression and the RAD51/HR function. Resolution of this apparent conundrum is essential due to the clinically-significant implication that PTEN-deficient tumors may be sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) commonly used in the clinical management of BRCA-mutated and other HR-deficient (HRD) tumors. Methods: Primary Pten-deficient (and corresponding wild-type) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and astrocytes and PTEN-null human tumor cell lines and primary cells were assessed for RAD51 expression (via the Western blot analysis) and DNA damage repair analyses (via alkali comet and γH2AX foci assays). RAD51 foci analysis was used to measure HR-dependent DNA repair. Xrcc2-deficient MEFs served as an HR-deficient control, while the stable knockdown of RAD51 (shRAD51) served to control for the relative RAD51/HR-mediated repair and the phospho-53BP1 foci analysis served to confirm and measure non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) activity in PTEN-deficient and shRAD51-expressing (HRD) lines. Cell proliferation studies were used to measure any potential added sensitivity of PTEN-null cells to the clinically-relevant PARPi, olaparib. RAD51 levels and DNA damage response signaling were assessed in PTEN-mutant brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) derived from primary and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, while expression of RAD51 and its paralogs were examined as a function of the PTEN status in the RNA expression datasets isolated from primary GBM tumor specimens and BTICs. Results: Pten knockout primary murine cells display unaltered RAD51 expression, endogenous and DNA strand break-induced RAD51 foci and robust DNA repair activity. Defective HR was only observed in the cells lacking Xrcc2. Likewise, human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines with known PTEN deficiency (U87, PTEN-mutated; U251 and U373, PTEN-null) show apparent expression of RAD51 and display efficient DNA repair activity. Only GBM cells stably expressing shRNAs against RAD51 (shRAD51) display dysfunctional DNA repair activity and reduced proliferative capacity, which is exacerbated by PARPi treatment. Furthermore, GBM patient-derived BTICs displayed robust RAD51 expression and intact DNA damage response signaling in spite of PTEN-inactivating mutations. RNA expression analysis of primary GBM tissue specimens and BTICs demonstrate stable levels of RAD51 and its paralogs (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, XRCC3, and DMC1), regardless of the PTEN mutational status. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate definitively that PTEN loss does not alter the RAD51 expression, its paralogs, or the HR activity. Furthermore, deficiency in PTEN alone is not sufficient to impart enhanced sensitivity to PARPi associated with HRD. This study is the first to unequivocally demonstrate that PTEN deficiency is not linked to the RAD51 expression or the HR activity amongst primary neural and non-neural Pten-null cells, PTEN-deficient tumor cell lines, and primary PTEN-mutant GBM patient-derived tissue specimens and BTICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); (T.K.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Ali Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); (T.K.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Avenue, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shek H. Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); (T.K.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Chirayu R. Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (C.R.C.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Kevin R. Brown
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
| | - Bozena Kuzio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); (T.K.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Tiina Kauppinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); (T.K.)
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (C.R.C.); (S.K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Suzanne J. Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA;
| | - Peter J. McKinnon
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA;
| | - Sachin Katyal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); (T.K.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-787-2765; Fax: +1-204-787-2190
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An olaparib window-of-opportunity trial in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma: POLEN study. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:721-731. [PMID: 32988624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olaparib is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, 2, and 3 with potential activity in endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS In this window-of-opportunity trial, women with operable type 1 EC received olaparib oral tablets (300mg) twice daily for 28days before surgery. The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of olaparib on EC in tissue samples taken at baseline and at treatment completion. Signal of activity was defined as significant changes in the expression of the cell cycle-related proteins cyclin D1, Ki67, and cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS A total of 31 patients were included in the biomarker analysis. The median time of olaparib exposure was 24 days (1-39). Significant inhibition was found for cyclin D1 (p < 0.01), but not for Ki67 and active caspase 3 immunostaining. PARP-1 levels positively correlated with cyclin D1 levels (rho = 0.661, p = 0.0001). Both PARP-1 and cyclin D1 levels were significantly lower (p = 0.022 and p = 0.004, respectively) in patients with ARID1A[-] tumors than ARID1A[+] tumors. A significant relationship between plasma olaparib concentrations and decreased GLUT1 activity was observed (r = -0.5885; p < 0.05). Drug-related toxicity consisted mostly of gastrointestinal and grade 1 or 2 adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Olaparib reduced expression of cyclin D1, which positively correlated with PARP-1 levels. This effect was more evident in ARID1A-deficient tumors. Olaparib further induced inhibition of GLUT1 plasma activity. Our findings could have noteworthy implications in predicting which patients with EC would benefit from olaparib-based strategies.
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20
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Musacchio L, Caruso G, Pisano C, Cecere SC, Di Napoli M, Attademo L, Tambaro R, Russo D, Califano D, Palaia I, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P, Pignata S. PARP Inhibitors in Endometrial Cancer: Current Status and Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6123-6135. [PMID: 32801862 PMCID: PMC7383016 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s221001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced, recurrent and metastatic endometrial cancer (EC) has a dismal prognosis due to poor response rates to conventional treatments. In the era of precision medicine, the improved understanding of cancer genetics and molecular biology has led to the development of targeted therapies, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. This class of drugs that inhibit PARP enzymes has been investigated in many different types of tumors and its use in the treatment of gynecological malignancies has rapidly increased over the past few years. Data from several clinical trials showed that PARP inhibitors have a beneficial role in cancers with a defect in the homologous DNA recombination system, regardless of the BRCA mutational status. Since EC frequently shows mutations in PTEN and TP53 genes, indirectly involved in the homologous DNA recombination pathway, several in vivo and in vitro studies investigated the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in EC, showing promising results. This review will discuss the use of PARP inhibitors in endometrial cancer, summarizing data from preclinical studies and providing an overview of the ongoing trials, with a special focus on the development of combined treatment strategies with PARP inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Musacchio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Pisano
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Chiara Cecere
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Napoli
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Attademo
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Tambaro
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Functional Genomic Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Califano
- Functional Genomic Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Innocenza Palaia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
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MacKay HJ, Freixinos VR, Fleming GF. Therapeutic Targets and Opportunities in Endometrial Cancer: Update on Endocrine Therapy and Nonimmunotherapy Targeted Options. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:1-11. [PMID: 32239967 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_280495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing. Although the prognosis remains good for patients diagnosed with early-stage disease, for those diagnosed with recurrent or metastatic disease, options have been limited, and prognosis is short. Optimizing and identifying new well-tolerated treatments for women living with endometrial cancer is a top priority. A new era is dawning where we are starting to see the integration of clinically relevant genomic and pathologic data to inform and refine treatment strategies for women with endometrial cancer. Here, we focus on reviewing nonimmunotherapy-based targeted treatment options and emerging directions for women with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J MacKay
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gini F Fleming
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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22
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Nuñez-Olvera SI, Gallardo-Rincón D, Puente-Rivera J, Salinas-Vera YM, Marchat LA, Morales-Villegas R, López-Camarillo C. Autophagy Machinery as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1326. [PMID: 31850214 PMCID: PMC6896250 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the fourth most frequent neoplasia for women worldwide, and over the past two decades it incidence has increased. The most common histological type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid adenocarcinoma, also known as type 1 endometrial cancer. Endometrioid endometrial cancer is associated with diverse epidemiological risk factors including estrogen use, obesity, diabetes, cigarette smoking, null parity, early menarche, and late menopause. Clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is variable, indicating that novel molecular therapies against specific cellular processes associated to cell survival and resistance to therapy, such as autophagy, urged to ameliorate the rates of success in endometrial cancer treatment. Autophagy (also known as macroautophagy) is a specialized mechanism that maintains cell homeostasis which is activated in response to cellular stressors including nutrients deprivation, amino acids starvation, hypoxia, and metabolic stress to prolong cell survival via lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and organelles. However, in human cancer cells, autophagy has a controversial function due to its dual role as self-protective or apoptotic. Conventional antitumor therapies including hormones, chemotherapy and ionizing radiation, may activate autophagy as a pro-survival tumor response contributing to treatment resistance. Intriguingly, if autophagy continues above reversibility of cell viability, autophagy can result in apoptosis of tumor cells. Here, we have reviewed the mechanisms of autophagy described in endometrial cancers, including the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK-mTOR, and p53 signaling pathways that trigger or inhibit the process and thus representing potential molecular targets in therapeutic clinical approaches. In addition, we discussed the recent findings indicating that autophagy can be modulated using repurposing drugs which may leads to faster experimentation and validation, as well as more easy access of the medications to patients. Finally, the promising role of dietary compounds and microRNAs in autophagy modulation is also discussed. In conclusion, although the research about autophagy is scarce but ongoing in endometrial cancer, the actual findings highlight the promising usefulness of novel molecules for directing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Nuñez-Olvera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Puente-Rivera
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Morales-Villegas
- Coordinación Académica Huasteca del Sur, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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23
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Abstract
Endometrial cancer accounts for ~76,000 deaths among women each year worldwide. Disease mortality and the increasing number of new diagnoses make endometrial cancer an important consideration in women's health, particularly in industrialized countries, where the incidence of this tumour type is highest. Most endometrial cancers are carcinomas, with the remainder being sarcomas. Endometrial carcinomas can be classified into several histological subtypes, including endometrioid, serous and clear cell carcinomas. Histological subtyping is currently used routinely to guide prognosis and treatment decisions for endometrial cancer patients, while ongoing studies are evaluating the potential clinical utility of molecular subtyping. In this Review, we summarize the overarching molecular features of endometrial cancers and highlight recent studies assessing the potential clinical utility of specific molecular features for early detection, disease risk stratification and directing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Urick
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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24
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Brooks RA, Fleming GF, Lastra RR, Lee NK, Moroney JW, Son CH, Tatebe K, Veneris JL. Current recommendations and recent progress in endometrial cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69:258-279. [PMID: 31074865 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, and its incidence is rising. Although there have been significant recent advances in our understanding of endometrial cancer biology, many aspects of treatment remain mired in controversy, including the role of surgical lymph node assessment and the selection of patients for adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. For the subset of women with microsatellite-instable, metastatic disease, anti- programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) is now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and numerous trials are attempting to build on this early success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Brooks
- Associate Professor, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Dr. Brooks is now the Associate Professor and Chief of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Gini F Fleming
- Professor of Medicine and Director, Medical Oncology Breast Program, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ricardo R Lastra
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Nita K Lee
- Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John W Moroney
- Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina H Son
- Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ken Tatebe
- Resident, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer L Veneris
- Instructor of Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Kojima M, Sone K, Oda K, Hamamoto R, Kaneko S, Oki S, Kukita A, Machino H, Honjoh H, Kawata Y, Kashiyama T, Asada K, Tanikawa M, Mori-Uchino M, Tsuruga T, Nagasaka K, Matsumoto Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Osuga Y, Fujii T. The histone methyltransferase WHSC1 is regulated by EZH2 and is important for ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell proliferation. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:455. [PMID: 31092221 PMCID: PMC6521555 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate gene-1 (WHSC1), a histone methyltransferase, has been found to be upregulated and its expression to be correlated with expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in several cancers. In this study, we evaluated the role of WHSC1 and its therapeutic significance in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Methods First, we analyzed WHSC1 expression by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry using 23 clinical OCCC specimens. Second, the involvement of WHSC1 in OCCC cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assays after siRNA-mediated WHSC1 knockdown. We also performed flow cytometry (FACS) to address the effect of WHSC1 on cell cycle. To examine the functional relationship between EZH2 and WHSC1, we knocked down EZH2 using siRNAs and checked the expression levels of WHSC1 and its histone mark H3K36m2 in OCCC cell lines. Finally, we checked WHSC1 expression after treatment with the selective inhibitor, GSK126. Results Both quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that WHSC1 was significantly overexpressed in OCCC tissues compared with that in normal ovarian tissues. MTT assay revealed that knockdown of WHSC1 suppressed cell proliferation, and H3K36me2 levels were found to be decreased in immunoblotting. FACS revealed that WHSC1 knockdown affected the cell cycle. We also confirmed that WHSC1 expression was suppressed by EZH2 knockdown or inhibition, indicating that EZH2 is upstream of WHSC1 in OCCC cells. Conclusions WHSC1 overexpression induced cell growth and its expression is, at least in part, regulated by EZH2. Further functional analysis will reveal whether WHSC1 is a promising therapeutic target for OCCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5638-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Syuzo Kaneko
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinya Oki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asako Kukita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidenori Machino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Harunori Honjoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kawata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kashiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kayo Asada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mayuyo Mori-Uchino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Tsuruga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173 0003, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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26
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Di Tucci C, Capone C, Galati G, Iacobelli V, Schiavi MC, Di Donato V, Muzii L, Panici PB. Immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: new scenarios on the horizon. J Gynecol Oncol 2019; 30:e46. [PMID: 30887763 PMCID: PMC6424849 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This extensive review summarizes clinical evidence on immunotherapy and targeted therapy currently available for endometrial cancer (EC) and reports the results of the clinical trials and ongoing studies. The research was carried out collecting preclinical and clinical findings using keywords such as immune environment, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and others' on PubMed. Finally, we looked for the ongoing immunotherapy trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. EC is the fourth most common malignancy in women in developed countries. Despite medical and surgical treatments, survival has not improved in the last decade and death rates have increased for uterine cancer in women. Therefore, identification of clinically significant prognostic risk factors and formulation of new rational therapeutic regimens have great significance for enhancing the survival rate and improving the outcome in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. The identification of genetic alterations, including somatic mutations and microsatellite instability, and the definition of intracellular signaling pathways alterations that have a major role in in tumorigenesis is leading to the development of new therapeutic options for immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Tucci
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Capone
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Galati
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Iacobelli
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele C Schiavi
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Violante Di Donato
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
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de Jonge MM, Auguste A, van Wijk LM, Schouten PC, Meijers M, Ter Haar NT, Smit VTHBM, Nout RA, Glaire MA, Church DN, Vrieling H, Job B, Boursin Y, de Kroon CD, Rouleau E, Leary A, Vreeswijk MPG, Bosse T. Frequent Homologous Recombination Deficiency in High-grade Endometrial Carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:1087-1097. [PMID: 30413523 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The elevated levels of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) in a subset of high-risk endometrial cancers are suggestive of defects in pathways governing genome integrity. We sought to assess the prevalence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in endometrial cancers and its association with histopathologic and molecular characteristics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fresh tumor tissue was prospectively collected from 36 endometrial cancers, and functional HRD was examined by the ability of replicating tumor cells to accumulate RAD51 protein at DNA double-strand breaks (RAD51 foci) induced by ionizing radiation. Genomic alterations were determined by next-generation sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridization/SNP array. The prevalence of BRCA-associated genomic scars, a surrogate marker for HRD, was determined in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) endometrial cancer cohort. RESULTS Most endometrial cancers included in the final analysis (n = 25) were of non-endometrioid (52%), grade 3 (60%) histology, and FIGO stage I (72%). HRD was observed in 24% (n = 6) of cases and was restricted to non-endometrioid endometrial cancers (NEEC), with 46% of NEECs being HRD compared with none of the endometrioid endometrial cancers (EEC, P = 0.014). All but 1 of the HRD cases harbored either a pathogenic BRCA1 variant or high somatic copy-number (SCN) losses of HR genes. Analysis of TCGA cases supported these results, with BRCA-associated genomic scars present in up to 48% (63/132) of NEEC versus 12% (37/312) of EEC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HRD occurs in endometrial cancers and is largely restricted to non-endometrioid, TP53-mutant endometrial cancers. Evaluation of HRD may help select patients that could benefit from treatments targeting this defect, including platinum compounds and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe M de Jonge
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Auguste
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Lise M van Wijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matty Meijers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natalja T Ter Haar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent T H B M Smit
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remi A Nout
- Department of Radiotherapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Glaire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David N Church
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bastien Job
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Yannick Boursin
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Cor D de Kroon
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Department of Genetics, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Maaike P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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28
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Tong Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Xu J, Yuan J, Zhang B, Hu T, Song G. Corilagin inhibits breast cancer growth via reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis and autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3795-3807. [PMID: 29923307 PMCID: PMC6050496 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corilagin is a component of Phyllanthus urinaria extract and has been found of possessing anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and anti‐tumour properties in clinic treatments. However, the underlying mechanisms in anti‐cancer particularly of its induction of cell death in human breast cancer remain undefined. Our research found that corilagin‐induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death depending on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human breast cancer cell, and it occurred in human breast cancer cell (MCF‐7) only comparing with normal cells. The expression of procaspase‐8, procaspase‐3, PARP, Bcl‐2 and procaspase‐9 was down‐regulated while caspase‐8, cleaved PARP, caspase‐9 and Bax were up‐regulated after corilagin treatment, indicating apoptosis mediated by extrinsic and mitochondrial pathways occurred in MCF‐7 cell. Meanwhile, autophagy mediated by suppressing Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway was detected with an increase in autophagic vacuoles and LC3‐II conversion. More significantly, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine diphosphate salt (CQ) remarkably enhanced apoptosis, while the caspase inhibitor z‐VAD‐fmk failed in affecting autophagy, suggesting that corilagin‐induced autophagy functioned as a survival mechanism in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, corilagin induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, when reduced by ROS scavenger NAC, apoptosis and autophagy were both down‐regulated. Nevertheless, in SK‐BR3 cell which expressed RIP3, necroptosis inhibitor Nec‐1 could not alleviate cell death induced by corilagin, indicating necroptosis was not triggered. Subcutaneous tumour growth in nude mice was attenuated by corilagin, consisting with the results in vitro. These results imply that corilagin inhibits cancer cell proliferation through inducing apoptosis and autophagy which regulated by ROS release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Tong
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gongye Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Li
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Fisheries college, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahui Yuan
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Song
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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29
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Wilkerson PM, Dedes KJ, Samartzis EP, Dedes I, Lambros MB, Natrajan R, Gauthier A, Piscuoglio S, Töpfer C, Vukovic V, Daley F, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Preclinical evaluation of the PARP inhibitor BMN-673 for the treatment of ovarian clear cell cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6057-6066. [PMID: 28002809 PMCID: PMC5351612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if models of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs) harbouring defects in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) are sensitive to cisplatin and/or PARP inhibition. Experimental Design The HR status of 12 OCCC cell lines was determined using RAD51/γH2AX foci formation assays. Sensitivity to cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor BMN-673 was correlated with HR status. BRCA1, BRCA2, MRE11 and PTEN loss of expression was investigated as a potential determinant of BMN-673 sensitivity. A tissue microarray containing 50 consecutive primary OCCC was assessed for PTEN expression using immunohistochemistry. Results A subset of OCCC cells displayed reduced RAD51 foci formation in the presence of DNA DSBs, suggestive of HR defects. HR-defective OCCC cells, with the exception of KOC-7c, had higher sensitivity to cisplatin/ BMN-673 than HR-competent OCCC cell lines (Log10 SF50 –9.4 (SD +/− 0.29) vs –8.1 (SD +/− 0.35), mean difference 1.3, p < 0.01). Of the cell lines studied, two, TOV-21G and KOC-7c, showed loss of PTEN expression. In primary OCCCs, loss of PTEN expression was observed in 10% (5/49) of cases. Conclusions A subset of OCCC cells are sensitive to PARP inhibition in vitro, which can be predicted by HR defects as defined by γH2AX/RAD51 foci formation. These results provide a rationale for the testing of HR deficiency and PARP inhibitors as a targeted therapy in a subset of OCCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Wilkerson
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Konstantin J Dedes
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.,Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ioannis Dedes
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryou B Lambros
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Arnaud Gauthier
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chantal Töpfer
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Vesna Vukovic
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Frances Daley
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Lee YC, Lheureux S, Oza AM. Treatment strategies for endometrial cancer: current practice and perspective. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2017; 29:47-58. [PMID: 27941361 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endometrial cancer incidence is increasing in North America and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women. We review recent literature published on treatment of endometrial cancer and highlight areas of active interest. RECENT FINDINGS There has been movement toward minimal invasive surgery at diagnosis; lymph node staging remains controversial and continues to be investigated. Progress has been made to establish consensus on endometrial cancer risk classification to promote consistency for future trial design. Molecular characterization of endometrial cancer and its integration into clinicopathological profiling to develop predictive biomarkers for treatment selection are active areas of research. Optimal adjuvant treatment strategy in high-risk endometrial cancer remains to be defined with recognition of treatment-related toxicity. Despite encouraging results in drug development for treatment of advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer, no targeted therapies beyond hormonal therapy are approved. There is an urgent need for scientifically validated therapy with predictive biomarkers. SUMMARY Our understanding of endometrial cancer has evolved through improvements in molecular biology, allowing improved definition of target-specific therapies. The precise role and sequence of conventional and targeted therapies, including immunotherapy, will require careful attention to the design of clinical trials with translational emphasis to allow the discovery, validation, and implementation of predictive biomarkers into clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh C Lee
- Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Brill E, Yokoyama T, Nair J, Yu M, Ahn YR, Lee JM. Prexasertib, a cell cycle checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 inhibitor, increases in vitro toxicity of PARP inhibition by preventing Rad51 foci formation in BRCA wild type high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111026-111040. [PMID: 29340034 PMCID: PMC5762302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been effective in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), although clinical activity is limited against BRCA wild type HGSOC. The nearly universal loss of normal p53 regulation in HGSOCs causes dysfunction in the G1/S checkpoint, making tumor cells reliant on Chk1-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest for DNA repair. Therefore, Chk1 is a reasonable target for a combination strategy with PARPi in treating BRCA wild type HGSOC. Here we investigated the combination of prexasertib mesylate monohydrate (LY2606368), a Chk1 and Chk2 inhibitor, and a PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in HGSOC cell lines (OVCAR3, OV90, PEO1 and PEO4) using clinically attainable concentrations. Our findings showed combination treatment synergistically decreased cell viability in all cell lines and induced greater DNA damage and apoptosis than the control and/or monotherapies (p<0.05). Treatment with olaparib in BRCA wild type HGSOC cells caused formation of Rad51 foci, whereas the combination treatment with prexasertib inhibited transnuclear localization of Rad51, a key protein in homologous recombination repair. Overall, our data provide evidence that prexasertib and olaparib combination resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effects against BRCA wild type HGSOC cells through reduced Rad51 foci formation and greater induction of apoptosis. This may be a novel therapeutic strategy for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Brill
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takuhei Yokoyama
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jayakumar Nair
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minshu Yu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yeong-Ran Ahn
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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MacKay HJ, Levine DA, Bae-Jump VL, Bell DW, McAlpine JN, Santin A, Fleming GF, Mutch DG, Nephew KP, Wentzensen N, Goodfellow PJ, Dorigo O, Nijman HW, Broaddus R, Kohn EC. Moving forward with actionable therapeutic targets and opportunities in endometrial cancer: NCI clinical trials planning meeting report on identifying key genes and molecular pathways for targeted endometrial cancer trials. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84579-84594. [PMID: 29137450 PMCID: PMC5663622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates from endometrial cancer are increasing. There have been no new drugs approved for the treatment of endometrial cancer in decades. The National Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Cancer Steering Committee identified the integration of molecular and/or histologic stratification into endometrial cancer management as a top strategic priority. Based on this, they convened a group of experts to review the molecular data in this disease. Here we report on the actionable opportunities and therapeutic directions identified for incorporation into future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. MacKay
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victoria L. Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, CA, United States
| | - Daphne W. Bell
- Reproductive Cancer Genetics Section, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute/NIH, MSC 8000, Bethesda, ML, United States
| | - Jessica N. McAlpine
- University of British Columbia & BC Cancer Agency, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alessandro Santin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gini F. Fleming
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David G. Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, ML, United States
| | - Paul J. Goodfellow
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Division Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hans W. Nijman
- Department of Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, Unit 85, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Clinical Investigations Branch of The Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, ML, United States
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PTEN deficiency sensitizes endometrioid endometrial cancer to compound PARP-PI3K inhibition but not PARP inhibition as monotherapy. Oncogene 2017; 37:341-351. [PMID: 28945226 PMCID: PMC5799770 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as promising cancer therapeutics especially for tumors with deficient homologous recombination (HR) repair. However, as HR-deficient tumors represent only a small fraction of endometrial cancers, the therapeutic utility of PARP inhibitors is limited in this disease. Somatic loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor that counteracts phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, is one of the most common genetic aberrations in endometrioid endometrial cancer. While previous works have identified the role of PTEN in DNA double-strand break repair, vulnerabilities of PTEN-deficient endometrioid endometrial cancers to PARP inhibition remain controversial. Here we find that PTEN-deficient endometrioid endometrial cancer cells are not responsive to PARP inhibitor Olaparib alone, but instead show superior sensitivity to compound inhibition with PI3K inhibitor BKM120, as evidenced by reduced clonogenic cell growth and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid disintegration. Mechanistically, PI3K blockade by BKM120 attenuated HR competency with γH2AX accumulation and reduced RAD51 and BRCA1 expression in Ishikawa, AN3CA and Nou-1 cells, but the same combination treatment led to enhanced phosphorylation of DNA-PK, a non-homologous end joining repair protein, in Hec-108 cells. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PTEN depletion rendered PTEN wild-type Hec-1A endometrioid endometrial cancer cells responsive to combined inhibition of PARP/PI3K, with concomitantly induced DNA damage accumulation and repair defects. The combination of BKM120 and Olaparib cooperated to inhibit tumor growth in a genetic mouse model of Pten-deficient endometrioid endometrial cancer. Together, these results suggest PI3K inhibition may be a plausible approach to expand the utility of PARP inhibitors to endometrioid endometrial cancers in a PTEN-deficient setting.
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Philip CA, Laskov I, Beauchamp MC, Marques M, Amin O, Bitharas J, Kessous R, Kogan L, Baloch T, Gotlieb WH, Yasmeen A. Inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway sensitizes endometrial cancer cell lines to PARP inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:638. [PMID: 28886696 PMCID: PMC5591502 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of its function is the most frequent genetic alteration in endometrioid endometrial cancers (70-80%) and high grade tumors (90%). We assessed the sensitivity of endometrial cancer cell lines to PARP inhibitors (olaparib and BMN-673) and a PI3K inhibitor (BKM-120), alone or in combination, in the context of their PTEN mutation status. We also highlighted a direct pathway linking PTEN to DNA repair. METHODS Using endometrial cancer cellular models with known PTEN status, we evaluated their homologous recombination (HR) functionality by RAD51 foci formation assay. The 50% Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PI3K and PARP inhibitors in these cells was assessed, and western blotting was performed to determine the expression of proteins involved in the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Moreover, we explored the interaction between RAD51 and PI3K/mTOR by immunofluorescence. Next, the combination effect of PI3K and PARP inhibitors on cell proliferation was evaluated by a clonogenic assay. RESULTS Cells with mutated PTEN showed over-activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. These cells were more sensitive to PARP inhibition compared to PTEN wild-type cells. In addition, PI3K inhibitor treatment reduced RAD51 foci formation in PTEN mutated cells, and sensitized these cells to PARP inhibitor. CONCLUSION Targeting both PARP and PI3K might lead to improved personalized therapeutic approaches in endometrial cancer patients with PTEN mutations. Understanding the complex interaction of PTEN mutations with DNA repair in endometrial cancer will help to better select patients that are likely to respond to some of the new and costly targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-André Philip
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ido Laskov
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Maud Marques
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Oreekha Amin
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Joanna Bitharas
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Roy Kessous
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Liron Kogan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Tahira Baloch
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Kumar A, Sirohi VK, Anum F, Singh PK, Gupta K, Gupta D, Saraf SA, Dwivedi A, Chourasia MK. Enhanced apoptosis, survivin down-regulation and assisted immunochemotherapy by curcumin loaded amphiphilic mixed micelles for subjugating endometrial cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1953-1963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Oda K, Tanikawa M, Sone K, Mori-Uchino M, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Recent advances in targeting DNA repair pathways for the treatment of ovarian cancer and their clinical relevance. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:611-618. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tassi RA, Todeschini P, Siegel ER, Calza S, Cappella P, Ardighieri L, Cadei M, Bugatti M, Romani C, Bandiera E, Zanotti L, Tassone L, Guarino D, Santonocito C, Capoluongo ED, Beltrame L, Erba E, Marchini S, D'Incalci M, Donzelli C, Santin AD, Pecorelli S, Sartori E, Bignotti E, Odicino F, Ravaggi A. FOXM1 expression is significantly associated with chemotherapy resistance and adverse prognosis in non-serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:63. [PMID: 28482906 PMCID: PMC5422964 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a spectrum of different diseases, which makes their treatment a challenge. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is an oncogene aberrantly expressed in many solid cancers including serous EOC, but its role in non-serous EOCs remains undefined. We examined FOXM1 expression and its correlation to prognosis across the three major EOC subtypes, and its role in tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance in vitro. METHODS Gene signatures were generated by microarray for 14 clear-cell and 26 endometrioid EOCs, and 15 normal endometrium snap-frozen biopsies. Validation of FOXM1 expression was performed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the same samples and additionally in 50 high-grade serous EOCs and in their most adequate normal controls (10 luminal fallopian tube and 20 ovarian surface epithelial brushings). Correlations of FOXM1 expression to clinic-pathological parameters and patients' prognosis were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards analyses. OVCAR-3 and two novel deeply characterized EOC cell lines (EOC-CC1 and OSPC2, with clear-cell and serous subtype, respectively) were employed for in vitro studies. Effects of FOXM1 inhibition by transient siRNA transfection were evaluated on cell-proliferation, cell-cycle, colony formation, invasion, and response to conventional first- and second-line anticancer agents, and to the PARP-inhibitor olaparib. Gene signatures of FOXM1-silenced cell lines were generated by microarray and confirmed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS A significant FOXM1 mRNA up-regulation was found in EOCs compared to normal controls. FOXM1 protein overexpression significantly correlated to serous histology (p = 0.001) and advanced FIGO stage (p = 0.004). Multivariate analyses confirmed FOXM1 protein overexpression as an independent indicator of worse disease specific survival in non-serous EOCs, and of shorter time to progression in platinum-resistant cases. FOXM1 downregulation in EOC cell lines inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity, and promoted the cytotoxic effects of platinum compounds, doxorubicin hydrochloride and olaparib. Upon FOXM1 knock-down in EOC-CC1 and OSPC2 cells, microarray and RT-qPCR analyses revealed the deregulation of several common and other unique subtype-specific FOXM1 putative targets involved in cell cycle, metastasis, DNA repair and drug response. CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 is up-regulated in all three major EOCs subtypes, and is a prognostic biomarker and a potential combinatorial therapeutic target in platinum resistant disease, irrespective of tumor histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A Tassi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Paola Todeschini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ardighieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Romani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bandiera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Zanotti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Tassone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Santonocito
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore D Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Beltrame
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Erba
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Donzelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergio Pecorelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Odicino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Ang YLE, Tan DSP. Development of PARP inhibitors in gynecological malignancies. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:273-286. [PMID: 28583748 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors demonstrate synthetic lethality in tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations and other homologous recombination repair deficiencies by interfering with DNA repair and causing direct toxicity to DNA through PARP trapping. PARP inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancers, which has led to a shift in the treatment paradigm of this disease. Further studies to establish the role of PARP inhibitors during earlier stages of treatment are ongoing. The use of PARP inhibitors in other cancers with homologous recombination repair deficiencies, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, is gradually evolving as well, including their use in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. PARP inhibitor combination strategies with chemotherapy, targeted agents, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are also being explored. The role of predictive biomarkers, including molecular signatures and homologous recombination deficiency scores based on loss of heterozygosity and other structural genomic aberrations, will be crucial to improved patient stratification to enhance the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors. This may also allow the use of PARP inhibitors to be extended beyond tumors with specific homologous recombination DNA repair gene mutations in the future. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying PARP inhibitor resistance will also be important to enable the development of new approaches to increase efficacy. This is a field rich in opportunity, and the coming years should see a better understanding of which patients we should be treating with PARP inhibitors and where these agents should come in over the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L E Ang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David S P Tan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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PARP inhibition sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2847-2851. [PMID: 28454476 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are used in the treatment of gynecological malignancies and it has been demonstrated in preclinical studies that PARP inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. In the present study, PARP expression was detected in different endometrial cancer cell lines by western blot analysis, and PARP activity was measured using an enzymatic assay. In addition, the endometrial cancer cell lines were treated with paclitaxel or carboplatin in combination with the PARP inhibitor PJ34 prior to a cell viability assay and apoptotic nuclei measurement. PARP protein was detected in all four cell lines examined, although its activity varied between the cell lines. Treatment with PJ34 in combination with paclitaxel decreased endometrial cancer cell viability compared with treatment with paclitaxel alone. These results indicate that the inhibition of PARP with PJ34 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to cytotoxic treatment with paclitaxel.
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Brasseur K, Gévry N, Asselin E. Chemoresistance and targeted therapies in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:4008-4042. [PMID: 28008141 PMCID: PMC5354810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are known for being very aggressive at their advanced stages. Indeed, the survival rate of both ovarian and endometrial cancers is very low when diagnosed lately and the success rate of current chemotherapy regimens is not very efficient. One of the main reasons for this low success rate is the acquired chemoresistance of these cancers during their progression. The mechanisms responsible for this acquired chemoresistance are numerous, including efflux pumps, repair mechanisms, survival pathways (PI3K/AKT, MAPK, EGFR, mTOR, estrogen signaling) and tumor suppressors (P53 and Par-4). To overcome these resistances, a new type of therapy has emerged named targeted therapy. The principle of targeted therapy is simple, taking advantage of changes acquired in malignant cancer cells (receptors, proteins, mechanisms) by using compounds specifically targeting these, thus limiting their action on healthy cells. Targeted therapies are emerging and many clinical trials targeting these pathways, frequently involved in chemoresistance, have been tested on gynecological cancers. Despite some targets being less efficient than expected as mono-therapies, the combination of compounds seems to be the promising avenue. For instance, we demonstrate using ChIP-seq analysis that estrogen downregulate tumor suppressor Par-4 in hormone-dependent cells by directly binding to its DNA regulatory elements and inhibiting estrogen signaling could reinstate Par-4 apoptosis-inducing abilities. This review will focus on the chemoresistance mechanisms and the clinical trials of targeted therapies associated with these, specifically for endometrial and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brasseur
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Canada Research Chair in Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Asselin
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Canada Research Chair in Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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41
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Lester A, Rapkins R, Nixdorf S, Khasraw M, McDonald K. Combining PARP inhibitors with radiation therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma: Is PTEN predictive of response? Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:273-278. [PMID: 27655368 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is fatal. The standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy (temozolomide) followed by an adjuvant phase of temozolomide provide patients with, on average, a 2.5 months benefit. New treatments that can improve sensitivity to the standard treatment are urgently needed. Herein, we review the mechanisms and utility of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in combination with radiation therapy as a treatment option for GBM patients and the role of phosphatase and tensin homologue mutations as a biomarker of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lester
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - R Rapkins
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - S Nixdorf
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - M Khasraw
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - K McDonald
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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42
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Fukuda T, Oda K, Wada-Hiraike O, Sone K, Inaba K, Ikeda Y, Makii C, Miyasaka A, Kashiyama T, Tanikawa M, Arimoto T, Yano T, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Autophagy inhibition augments resveratrol-induced apoptosis in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2560-2566. [PMID: 27698828 PMCID: PMC5038194 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound derived from red wine, inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer. RSV induces apoptosis in cancer cells, while enhancing autophagy. Autophagy promotes cancer cell growth by driving cellular metabolism, which may counteract the effect of RSV. The present study aimed to elucidate the correlation between RSV and autophagy and to examine whether autophagy inhibition may enhance the antitumor effect of RSV in endometrial cancer cells. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were examined, following RSV exposure, by performing MTT assays, flow cytometry and annexin V staining, respectively, in an Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line. Autophagy was evaluated by measuring the expression levels of light chain 3, II (LC3-II; an autophagy marker) by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Chloroquine (CQ) and small interfering RNAs targeting autophagy related (ATG) gene 5 (ATG5) or 7 (ATG7) were used to inhibit autophagy, and the effects in combination with RSV were assessed using MTT assays. RSV treatment suppressed cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in Ishikawa cells. In addition, RSV exposure increased the abundance of the sub-G1 population and induced apoptosis. LC3-II accumulation was observed following RSV treatment, indicating that RSV induced autophagy. Combination treatment with CQ and RSV more robustly suppressed growth inhibition and apoptosis, compared with RSV treatment alone. Knocking down ATG5 or ATG7 expression significantly augmented RSV-induced apoptosis. The results of the present study indicated that RSV-induced autophagy may counteract the antitumor effect of RSV in Ishikawa cells. Combination treatment with RSV and an autophagy inhibitor, such as CQ, may be an attractive therapeutic option for treating certain endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kanako Inaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Chinami Makii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kashiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Oda K, Ikeda Y, Kashiyama T, Miyasaka A, Inaba K, Fukuda T, Asada K, Sone K, Wada-Hiraike O, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Characterization of TP53 and PI3K signaling pathways as molecular targets in gynecologic malignancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:757-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoko Kashiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kanako Inaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kayo Asada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Chuwa AH, Sone K, Oda K, Ikeda Y, Fukuda T, Wada-Hiraike O, Inaba K, Makii C, Takeuchi M, Oki S, Miyasaka A, Kashiyama T, Arimoto T, Kuramoto H, Kawana K, Yano T, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Significance of survivin as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 141:564-569. [PMID: 27079211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein encoded by the baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing (BIRC5) gene and is upregulated in 83% of endometrial cancers. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic importance of BIRC5 expression, and evaluate survivin as a therapeutic target for endometrial cancer, by knock-down of BIRC5 and using the survivin inhibitor-YM155. METHODS RNA sequencing data in 234 patients with endometrial carcinoma was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model. Expressions of survivin in 16 endometrial cancer cell lines were analyzed by western blotting. Knocking down effect on survivin expression was evaluated using a small interfering RNA (siRNA). The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of YM155 were assessed with cell viability, flow cytometry, and annexin V/propidium iodide assays. RESULTS High expression of BIRC5 was associated with poor progression free survival (P=0.006), and shown to be an independent prognostic factor (HR=1.97, 95% CI=1.29-4.5, P=0.045). Survivin was upregulated in 14 of 16 (87.5%) endometrial cancer cell lines, compared with endometrial immortalized cells. Apoptosis was induced by knockdown of BIRC5 in all 3 cell lines examined. YM155 showed increased population of sub-G1 cells (P<0.001) in all 16 cell lines, and IC50 values to YM155 were <50nm in 15 cell lines. YM155 dose-dependently and significantly increased the apoptotic cell population in all 16 cell lines (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Present study indicated that survivin expression is a significant prognostic factor and that survivin is a promising therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agapiti Hipoliti Chuwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kanako Inaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Chinami Makii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinya Oki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kashiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | | | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significant challenge posed by cancer to human healthcare has led to the exploration of new approaches to combat it. Synthetic lethality (SL) is one such emerging area in the development of novel anticancer therapies. SL can be described as lethality (cell death) resulting from the combination of the two mutations, wherein the mutation in either of the two codependent genes in normal or cancer cells is viable. This concept is specifically being exploited in cancer research for selectively targeting specific tumor cells. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize studies of SL-based novel anticancer therapies. The review highlights some of the selected advances in DNA damage response pathway-related SL pairs, particularly poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and SL pairs involved in mitochondrial death signaling pathways published in the last 3 years. EXPERT OPINION Most of the currently used chemotherapeutic agents will destroy cells irrespective of whether they are cancer cells or fast growing normal cells; but SL is one of the approaches being developed with potential as a selective cancer therapy. PARP inhibitors, such as olaparib, are useful in BRCA mutated cancer cells and are also used in combination with other drug to enhance their efficacy. Research on PARP inhibitors is progressing at a good pace but there are still some significant challenges that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- a 1 CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , Hyderabad 500007, India +91 40 2719 3157 ; +91 40 2719 3189 ; .,b 2 National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India.,c 3 King Saud University, College of Science, Catalytic Chemistry Chair, Chemistry Department , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thokhir Basha Shaik
- a 1 CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , Hyderabad 500007, India +91 40 2719 3157 ; +91 40 2719 3189 ; .,d 4 Acharya Nagarjuna University , Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, India
| | - Mohammed Shaheer Malik
- a 1 CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , Hyderabad 500007, India +91 40 2719 3157 ; +91 40 2719 3189 ;
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Fukuda T, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Tanikawa M, Makii C, Inaba K, Miyasaka A, Miyamoto Y, Yano T, Maeda D, Sasaki T, Kawana K, Fukayama M, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Putative tumor suppression function of SIRT6 in endometrial cancer. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2274-81. [PMID: 26183563 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6, a member of the sirtuin family, has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor. To pursue the role of SIRT6 in endometrial cancer, we investigated the anti-tumorigenic function of SIRT6. The expression of SIRT6 negatively affected the proliferation of AN3CA and KLE endometrial cancer cells. Increased expression of SIRT6 resulted in the induction of apoptosis by repressing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin. Consistent with this result, a survivin inhibitor YM155 efficiently inhibited cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. These results revealed that SIRT6 might function as a tumor suppressor of endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Chinami Makii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kanako Inaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162 8655, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Miyasaka A, Oda K, Ikeda Y, Sone K, Fukuda T, Inaba K, Makii C, Enomoto A, Hosoya N, Tanikawa M, Uehara Y, Arimoto T, Kuramoto H, Wada-Hiraike O, Miyagawa K, Yano T, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition overcomes radioresistance via suppression of the HIF1-α/VEGF pathway in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:174-80. [PMID: 25913131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a key therapeutic strategy for endometrial carcinomas. However, biomarkers that predict radiosensitivity and drugs to enhance this sensitivity have not yet been established. We aimed to investigate the roles of TP53 and MAPK/PI3K pathways in endometrial carcinomas and to identify appropriate radiosensitizing therapeutics. D10 values (the irradiating dose required to reduce a cell population by 90%) were determined in eight endometrial cancer cell lines with known mutational statuses for TP53, PIK3CA, and KRAS. Cells were exposed to ionizing radiation (2-6Gy) and either a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (NVP-BEZ235) or a MEK inhibitor (UO126), and their radiosensitizing effects were evaluated using clonogenic assays. The effects of silencing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) expression with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were evaluated following exposure to ionizing radiation (2-3Gy). D10 values ranged from 2.0 to 3.1Gy in three cell lines expressing wild-type TP53 or from 3.3 to more than 6.0Gy in five cell lines expressing mutant TP53. NVP-BEZ235, but not UO126, significantly improved radiosensitivity through the suppression of HIF-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression. HIF-1α silencing significantly increased the induction of the sub-G1 population by ionizing radiation. Our study data suggest that TP53 mutation and PI3K pathway activation enhances radioresistance in endometrial carcinomas and that targeting the PI3K/mTOR or HIF-1α pathways could improve radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kanako Inaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Chinami Makii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Centre for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Hosoya
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Centre for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuriko Uehara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Centre for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Naipal KA, van Gent DC. PARP inhibitors: the journey from research hypothesis to clinical approval. Per Med 2015; 12:139-154. [PMID: 29754541 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer puts an increasing burden on our healthcare system and is a major cause of death. Therefore, novel approaches are required to improve cancer treatment. Cancer cells have several hallmarks that could be therapeutically targeted. Importantly, every tumor has a different combination of aberrations affecting the different hallmarks. This review focuses on targeting one of these hallmarks, the DNA damage response (DDR). DDR defects can not only cause cancer, but they can also be exploited therapeutically. This plays an important role even in 'classical' (DNA damaging) chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but more precise targeting of specific defects is expected to increase treatment efficacy and decrease normal tissue toxicity. Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are the first clinical example of such synthetic lethality in tumors having specific DDR defects. They are currently under investigation as DDR-targeting anticancer drugs and they progress quickly in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan At Naipal
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Lord CJ, Tutt ANJ, Ashworth A. Synthetic lethality and cancer therapy: lessons learned from the development of PARP inhibitors. Annu Rev Med 2014; 66:455-70. [PMID: 25341009 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050913-022545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic concept of synthetic lethality, in which the combination or synthesis of mutations in multiple genes results in cell death, provides a framework to design novel therapeutic approaches to cancer. Already there are promising indications, from clinical trials exploiting this concept by using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, that this approach could be beneficial. We discuss the biological rationale for BRCA-PARP synthetic lethality, how the synthetic lethal approach is being assessed in the clinic, and how mechanisms of resistance are starting to be dissected. Applying the synthetic lethal concept to target non-BRCA-mutant cancers also has clear potential, and we discuss how some of the principles learned in developing PARP inhibitors might also drive the development of additional genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lord
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom and
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