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Nakamura N, Yamamoto N, Kondo T, Matsumoto M, Ikunari R, Sakai T, Tanaka Y, Tsunemine H, Takeda J, Kanda J, Nannya Y, Ogawa S, Takaori-Kondo A, Arima N. Sustained remission after cord blood transplantation for breast cancer with lung metastases and myelodysplastic syndrome. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:762-767. [PMID: 38523199 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is not a standard therapy for solid cancer because of its high toxicity and insufficient evidence levels. However, the potential graft-versus-solid-tumor (GVT) effect of this therapy has been discussed. Many case reports have also described treatment effects of allo-HSCT in patients with hematologic malignancies and active solid tumors. A 38-year-old woman treated with fulvestrant and abemaciclib for recurrent breast cancer with multiple lung metastases was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with increased blasts 2. She was classified as adverse risk by the 2017 European LeukemiaNet risk stratification and as very high risk by the Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System. Breast cancer treatment was interrupted and venetoclax and azacitidine therapy was started. Complete hematologic response was achieved after three cycles. However, multiple lung metastases from the breast cancer remained. The patient then underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation. She has maintained complete remission of MDS as of 1 year post-transplantation, without serious complications. Lung metastatic activity on FDG-PET/CT scan also completely disappeared by half a year post-transplantation, and this response has continued as of 1 year post-transplantation. This favorable treatment course suggests the existence of a GVT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakihamacho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0072, Japan.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Nao Yamamoto
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakihamacho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0072, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikunari
- Department of Hematology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakihamacho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0072, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sakai
- Department of Hematology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakihamacho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0072, Japan
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakihamacho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0072, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsunemine
- Department of Hematology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakihamacho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0072, Japan
| | - June Takeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Arima
- Department of Hematology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakihamacho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0072, Japan
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Aung TM, Ngamjarus C, Proungvitaya T, Saengboonmee C, Proungvitaya S. Biomarkers for prognosis of meningioma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303337. [PMID: 38758750 PMCID: PMC11101050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor and many studies have evaluated numerous biomarkers for their prognostic value, often with inconsistent results. Currently, no reliable biomarkers are available to predict the survival, recurrence, and progression of meningioma patients in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of immunohistochemistry-based (IHC) biomarkers of meningioma patients. A systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2023 on PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus databases. Two authors independently reviewed the identified relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the studies included. Meta-analyses were performed with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. A total of 100 studies with 16,745 patients were included in this review. As the promising markers to predict OS of meningioma patients, Ki-67/MIB-1 (HR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.05) was identified to associate with poor prognosis of the patients. Overexpression of cyclin A (HR = 4.91, 95%CI 1.38 to 17.44), topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) (HR = 4.90, 95%CI 2.96 to 8.12), p53 (HR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.73 to 3.34), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (HR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.36 to 1.90), and Ki-67 (HR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.46), were identified also as unfavorable prognostic biomarkers for poor RFS of meningioma patients. Conversely, positive progesterone receptor (PR) and p21 staining were associated with longer RFS and are considered biomarkers of favorable prognosis of meningioma patients (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.88 and HR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.11 to 3.20). Additionally, high expression of Ki-67 was identified as a prognosis biomarker for poor PFS of meningioma patients (HR = 1.02, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.04). Although only in single studies, KPNA2, CDK6, Cox-2, MCM7 and PCNA are proposed as additional markers with high expression that are related with poor prognosis of meningioma patients. In conclusion, the results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that PR, cyclin A, TOP2A, p21, p53, VEGF and Ki-67 are either positively or negatively associated with survival of meningioma patients and might be useful biomarkers to assess the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin May Aung
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chetta Ngamjarus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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3
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Dahab MA, Mahdy HA, Elkady H, Taghour MS, Elwan A, Elkady MA, Elsakka EGE, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk AA, Ibrahim IM, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH. Semi-synthesized anticancer theobromine derivatives targeting VEGFR-2: in silico and in vitro evaluations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4214-4233. [PMID: 37261471 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2219333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis are all crucially impacted by Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Its expression is significantly boosted throughout pathologic angiogenesis causing the development of tumors. Sothat, inhibition of VEGFR-2 has crucial role in cancer treatment. In this study, novel semisynthetic theobromine derivatives were rationally designed as VEGFR-2 inhibitors and subjected to in vitro testing for their ability to block VEGFR-2 activation. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effects of these derivatives were evaluated. Compound 7 g exhibited the most potent anti-VEGFR-2 activity, with an IC50 value of 0.072 µM, and demonstrated excellent dose-dependent inhibitory activity against both MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells with IC50 values of 19.35 and 27.89 µM, respectively. Notably, compound 7 g exhibited high selectivity indices of 2.6 and 1.8 against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, respectively. Compound 7 g induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis, and boosted immunomodulation by downregulating TNF-α expression and upregulating IL-2 levels in MCF-7 cells. The molecular docking analysis revealed that compound 7 g could bind effectively to the active site of VEGFR-2, and molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the VEGFR-2/compound 7 g complex. Furthermore, ADME and toxicity profiling indicated the potential suitability of these compounds as drug candidates. In summary, compound 7 g hold promise as a VEGFR-2 inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elkady
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zahran SS, Ragab FA, Soliman AM, El-Gazzar MG, Mahmoud WR, Ghorab MM. Utility of sulfachloropyridazine in the synthesis of novel anticancer agents as antiangiogenic and apoptotic inducers. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107411. [PMID: 38733747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In a search for new anticancer agents with better activity and selectivity, the present work described the synthesis of several new series of sulfachloropyridazine hybrids with thiocarbamates 3a-e, thioureids 4a-h, 5a-e and 4-substituted sulfachloropyridazines 6a, b, 7a, b and 8. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines in one dose assay. The most potent derivatives 3a, 3c, 4c, 4d, 5e, 7a and 7b were tested for their antiangiogenic activity by measuring their ability to inhibit VEGFR-2. The most potent compounds in VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit PDGFR. In addition, the ability of 4c compound to inhibit cell migration on HUVEC cells and cell cycle effect on UO-31 cells has been studied. The pro-apoptotic effect of compound 4c was studied by the evaluation of caspase-3, Bax and BCl-2. Alternatively, the IC50 of compounds 3a, 3c, 4c, 5e, 7a and 7b against certain human cancer cell lines were determined. Re-evaluation in combination with γ-radiation was carried out for compounds 4c, 5e and 7b to study the possible synergistic effect on cytotoxicity. Docking studies of the most active compounds were performed to give insights into the binding mode within VEGFR-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S Zahran
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Ragab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Marwa G El-Gazzar
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
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Shamis SA, Savioli F, Ammar A, Al-Badran SS, Hatthakarnkul P, Leslie H, Mallon EE, Jamieson NB, McMillan DC, Edwards J. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of tumour with high and low CAIX expression in TNBC tissue samples using GeoMx™ RNA assay. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:177-200. [PMID: 37681672 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prognostic significance and gene signatures associated with carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was investigated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CAIX was performed in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 136 TNBC patients. In a subset of 52 patients Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) was performed in tumour (pan-cytokeratin+) and stroma (pan-cytokeratin-). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with P<0.05 and and log2 fold change (FC)>(±0.25 and ±0.3, for tumour and stromal compartment, respectively) were identified. Four genes were validated at the protein level. RESULT Cytoplasmic CAIX expression was independently associated with poor recurrence free survival in TNBC patients [hazard ratio (HR)=6.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-29.58, P=0.014]. DEG analysis identified 4 up-regulated genes (CD68, HIF1A, pan-melanocyte, and VSIR) in the tumour region and 9 down-regulated genes in the stromal region (CD86, CD3E, MS4A1, BCL2, CCL5, NKG7, PTPRC, CD27, and FAS) when low versus high CAIX expression was explored. Employing IHC, high CD68 and HIF-1α was associated with poorer prognosis and high BCL2 and CD3 was associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS DSP technology identified DEGs in TNBC. Selected genes validated by IHC showed involvement of CD3 and BCL2 expression within stroma and HIF-1α, and CD68 expression within tumour. However, further functional analysis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Ak Shamis
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Savioli
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Aula Ammar
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sf Al-Badran
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Phimmada Hatthakarnkul
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Leslie
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ea Mallon
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Olbromski PJ, Bogacz A, Bukowska M, Kamiński A, Moszyński R, Pawlik P, Szeliga A, Kotrych K, Czerny B. Analysis of the Polymorphisms and Expression Levels of the BCL2, BAX and c-MYC Genes in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16309. [PMID: 38003498 PMCID: PMC10671037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the biggest problems in gynecological oncology and is one of the most lethal cancers in women worldwide. Most patients with OC are diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, there is an urgent need to find new biomarkers for this disease. Gene expression profiling is proving to be a very effective tool for exploring new molecular markers for OC patients, although the relationship between such markers and patient survival and clinical outcomes is still elusive. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes encoding both apoptosis-associated proteins and oncoproteins may serve as key markers of cancer susceptibility. The aim of our study was to analyze the polymorphisms and expressions of the BCL2, BAX and c-MYC genes in a group of 198 women, including 98 with OC. The polymorphisms and mRNA expressions of the BCL2, BAX and c-MYC genes were analyzed using real-time PCR. The analysis of the BAX (rs4645878; G>A) and c-MYC (rs4645943; C>T) polymorphisms showed no association with ovarian cancer risk. The BCL2 polymorphism (rs2279115; C>A) showed a significant difference in the frequency of genotypes between the studied groups (CC: 23.47% vs. 16.00%, AA: 25.51% vs. 37.00%; p = 0.046; OR = 1.61). Furthermore, the expression levels of the BCL2 and c-MYC genes showed a decrease at the transcript level for OC patients compared to the control group (BCL2: 17.46% ± 3.26 vs. 100% ± 8.32; p < 0.05; c-MYC: 37.56% ± 8.16 vs. 100% ± 9.12; p < 0.05). No significant changes in the mRNA level were observed for the BAX gene (104.36% ± 9.26 vs. 100% ± 9.44; p > 0.05). A similar relationship was demonstrated in the case of the protein expressions of the studied genes. These findings suggest that the CC genotype and C allele of the BCL2 polymorphism could be genetic risk factors for OC development. A gene expression analysis indicated that BCL2 and c-MYC are associated with OC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Józef Olbromski
- Clinic of Operational Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (P.J.O.); (P.P.)
| | - Anna Bogacz
- Department of Personalized Medicine and Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center, Marcelińska 44, 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marta Bukowska
- Department of Personalized Medicine and Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center, Marcelińska 44, 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Adam Kamiński
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1, Pomeranian Medical University, UniiLubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Rafał Moszyński
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Piotr Pawlik
- Clinic of Operational Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (P.J.O.); (P.P.)
| | - Anna Szeliga
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kotrych
- Department of General and Dental Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskch 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Czerny
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-230 Szczecin, Poland;
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7
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Alatawi FS, Faridi U. Anticancer and anti-metastasis activity of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferols and genistein in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21975. [PMID: 38034665 PMCID: PMC10682641 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A powerful steroid hormone precursor, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferols (1,25(OH)2D3), and dietary phytoestrogen (genistein) are essential compounds that act by binding to nuclear receptors and altering gene expression. They have many biological benefits, some of which have anticancer properties. We studied the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 and genistein on the proliferation, progression, and metastasis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells when they were used alone or in combination and investigated whether there was a synergistic effect between genistein and 1,25(OH)2D3. To achieve these goals, a variety of assays, including flow cytometry, cell invasion assays, cell adhesion assays, Western blotting, and RT‒PCR, were used. Our findings showed that genistein, 1,25(OH)2D3, and the two combined all effectively declined the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by arresting the cells in the G0/G1 phase and inducing an apoptotic pathway. Stimulation of apoptosis was achieved by upregulating the expression of BAX and CASP3 genes and downregulating the expression levels of BCL-2 gene. Furthermore, both compounds suppress metastasis by reducing cell adhesion and cell migration/invasion by elevating the expression level of E-cadherin and reducing the expression level of P-cadherin and N-cadherin. Additionally, both genistein and 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression level of ERK1 and reduced the expression levels of JNK, p38, Ras, and MEK proteins, which reduced metastasis, enhanced the response to cancer treatment, and improved overall survival. Thus, genistein and 1,25(OH)2D3 can both be considered key candidates in the search for new breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Suliman Alatawi
- Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry Department, Science College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Uzma Faridi
- Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry Department, Science College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk Saudi Arabia
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8
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Gao Y, Huang Q, Qin Y, Bao X, Pan Y, Mo J, Ning S. A prognostic model related to necrotizing apoptosis of breast cancer based on biorthogonal constrained depth semi-supervised nonnegative matrix decomposition and single-cell sequencing analysis. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3875-3897. [PMID: 37818066 PMCID: PMC10560928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in women, and its prognosis is poor. The prognosis of BC patients can be improved by immunotherapy. However, due to the heterogeneity of BC, the identification of new biomarkers is urgently needed to improve the prognosis of BC patients. Necrotic apoptosis has been shown to play an essential role in many cancers. First, this study proposed a novel clustering algorithm called biorthogonal constrained depth semisupervised nonnegative matrix factorization (DO-DSNMF). The DO-DSNMF algorithm added multilayer nonlinear transformation to the coefficient matrix obtained after decomposition, which was used to mine the nonlinear relationship between samples. In addition, we also added orthogonal constraints on the basis matrix and coefficient matrix to reduce the influence of redundant features and samples on the results. We applied the DO-DSNMF algorithm and analysed the differences in survival and immunity between the subtypes. Then, we used prognosis analysis to construct the prognosis model. Finally, we analysed single cells using single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the GSE75688 dataset in the GEO database. We identified two BC subtypes based on the BC transcriptome data in the TCGA database. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the necrotizing apoptosis-related genes of BC were related to various immune cells and immune functions. Necrotizing apoptosis was found to play a role in BC progression and immunity. The role of prognosis-related NRGs in BC was also verified by cell experiments. This study proposed a novel clustering algorithm to analyse BC subtypes and constructed an NRG prognostic model for BC. The prognosis and immune landscape of BC patients were evaluated by this model. The cell experiment supported its role in BC, which provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital Wuzhou 543000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianhui Bao
- Department of Neurology, Harbin The First Hospital Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - You Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianlan Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shipeng Ning
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
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9
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Mahdy HA, Elkady H, Taghour MS, Elwan A, Dahab MA, Elkady MA, Elsakka EG, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk BA, Ibrahim IM, Eissa IH, Metwaly AM. New theobromine derivatives inhibiting VEGFR-2: design, synthesis, antiproliferative, docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1233-1250. [PMID: 37466069 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: VEGFR-2 is one of the most effective targets in cancer treatment. Aim: The design and semi-synthesis of new theobromine derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Methods: In vitro and in silico evaluation of the synthesized compounds. Results: Compound 5b demonstrated excellent antiproliferative and VEGFR-2 inhibitory effects with significant apoptotic activity. It modulated the immune response by increasing IL-2 and reducing TNF-α levels. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the compound's binding affinity with VEGFR-2. Lastly, computational absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies indicated the high potential of compound 5b for drug development. Conclusion: Compound 5b could be a promising anticancer agent targeting VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elkady
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Ge Elsakka
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy & Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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10
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Kim HJ, Eom YH, Choi SH. Prognostic influences of B-cell lymphoma 2-positive expression on late recurrence in breast cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2023; 105:20-30. [PMID: 37441325 PMCID: PMC10333802 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2023.105.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) has an antiapoptotic role, however, has resulted in it being a powerful favorable prognostic factor in breast cancer. Several studies revealed BCL2 is strongly associated with a lower rate of early recurrence after initial treatment in breast cancer patients, but study of a prolonged effect after 5 years is lacking. We investigated BCL2 as a prognostic factor in breast cancer in comparison to early and late recurrence. Methods We retrieved data from 2,198 patients with primary breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment and adjuvant treatment at the breast cancer center between 2005 and 2015. Each molecular subtype was classified, and Ki-67 and BCL2 were also assessed by immunohistochemistry. BCL2 and the association between molecular subtypes were assessed in early and late recurrences, respectively. Five-year postrecurrence survival and BCL2 were also assessed. Results The BCL2-positive group was associated with favorable clinicopathologic characteristics. The time to recurrence was significantly longer in the BCL2-positive group (P = 0.035). Late recurrence after 5 years was higher in the BCL2-positive group (P = 0.029). In multivariate survival analysis, tumor size and BCL2-positive expression were the only independent prognostic factors for late recurrence (P = 0.004). In the patients with recurrence, 5-year postrecurrence survival was significantly higher in the BCL2-positive group (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our result showed that prognosis was better in BCL2-positive patients compared to BCL2-negative patients at late recurrence. We suggested that BCL2 expression could be used as a marker to help determine additional adjuvant therapy or extended hormone therapy in hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Eom
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Choi
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Al-Alem U, Rauscher GH, Alem QA, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Mahmoud AM. Prognostic Value of SGK1 and Bcl-2 in Invasive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3151. [PMID: 37370761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to understand molecular alterations in breast cancer and how they relate to clinicopathologic factors. We have previously shown that the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) protein expression was reduced in invasive breast carcinoma compared to normal breast tissue. Glucocorticoids, signaling through the GCR, regulate several cellular processes via downstream targets such as serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). We measured the expression of SGK1 and Bcl-2, in respective breast cancer tissue arrays, from a multiracial cohort of breast cancer patients. Higher cytoplasmic SGK1 staining was stronger in breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissue, especially in hormone receptor-negative cases. Conversely, the expression of cytoplasmic Bcl-2 was reduced in breast cancer compared to normal tissue, especially in hormone receptor-negative cases. Bcl-2 staining was associated with the self-reported racial/ethnic category, an earlier clinical stage, a lower histological grade, and a higher survival rate. Bcl-2 expression was associated with longer survival in models adjusted for age and race (HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.65), and Bcl-2 expression remained strongly positively associated with protection from breast cancer death, with additional adjustments for ER/PR status (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.85). SGK1 and Bcl-2 may play biological roles in breast cancer development and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaima Al-Alem
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Garth H Rauscher
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Qais Al Alem
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Abeer M Mahmoud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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12
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Fischer JR, Jackson HW, de Souza N, Varga Z, Schraml P, Moch H, Bodenmiller B. Multiplex imaging of breast cancer lymph node metastases identifies prognostic single-cell populations independent of clinical classifiers. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100977. [PMID: 36921599 PMCID: PMC10040454 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Although breast cancer mortality is largely caused by metastasis, clinical decisions are based on analysis of the primary tumor and on lymph node involvement but not on the phenotype of disseminated cells. Here, we use multiplex imaging mass cytometry to compare single-cell phenotypes of primary breast tumors and matched lymph node metastases in 205 patients. We observe extensive phenotypic variability between primary and metastatic sites and that disseminated cell phenotypes frequently deviate from the clinical disease subtype. We identify single-cell phenotypes and spatial organizations of disseminated tumor cells that are associated with patient survival and a weaker survival association for high-risk phenotypes in the primary tumor. We show that p53 and GATA3 in lymph node metastases provide prognostic information beyond clinical classifiers and can be measured with standard methods. Molecular characterization of disseminated tumor cells is an untapped source of clinically applicable prognostic information for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Raja Fischer
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Natalie de Souza
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schraml
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Li R, Tao T, Ren Q, Xie S, Gao X, Wu J, Chen D, Xu C. Key Genes Are Associated with the Prognosis of Glioma, and Melittin Can Regulate the Expression of These Genes in Glioma U87 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1-18. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7033478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Currently, there is no effective treatment for glioma. Melittin (MT) is the main component of bee venom, which was found to have therapeutic effects on a variety of tumors. In this study, we explored the relationship between key genes regulated by MT and the prognosis of glioma. In cultured glioma U87 and U251 cells, MT inhibited cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. RNA-seq revealed that MT upregulated 11 genes and downregulated 37 genes. These genes are mainly enriched in cell membrane signaling pathways, such as surface membrane, membrane-enclosed organelles, integral component of membrane, PPAR signaling pathway, and voltage-gated potassium channel. PPI network analysis and literature analysis of 48 genes were performed, and 8 key genes were identified, and these key genes were closely associated with clinical prognosis. Overexpression of PCDH18, PPL, DEPP1, VASN, KCNE4, MYBPH, and C5AR2 genes or low expression of MARCH4 gene in glioma patients was associated with poor survival. qPCR confirmed that MT can regulate the expression of these genes in glioma U87 cells. This study indicated that MT significantly inhibited the growth and regulated the expression of PCDH18, C5AR2, VASN, DEPP1, MYBPH, KCNE4, PPL, and MARCH4 genes in glioma U87 cells in vitro. These genes are closely related to the prognosis of patients with glioma and can be used as independent prognostic factors in patients with glioma. MT is a potential drug for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, 288 Daxue Road, Shaoguan, 512005 Guangdong Province, China
- Medical College of Shaoguan University, 108 XinHua Nan Road, Shaoguan, 512005 Guangdong Province, China
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang, 414000 Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang, 414000 Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiuyun Ren
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sujun Xie
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaofen Gao
- Medical College of Shaoguan University, 108 XinHua Nan Road, Shaoguan, 512005 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, 9 XingDao HuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changqiong Xu
- Medical College of Shaoguan University, 108 XinHua Nan Road, Shaoguan, 512005 Guangdong Province, China
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang, 414000 Hunan Province, China
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14
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Li Z, Han Z. Transcriptional response of short-term nanoplastic exposure in Monodonta labio. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:114005. [PMID: 35952547 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoplastic (NP) pollution across aquatic environments has elicited widespread attention in recent years, its associated risks remain unclear. Using intertidal Monodonta labio as the test organism, RNA-Seq was performed to analyze the expression levels of genes under acute exposure to different concentrations of NPs in this study. A large quantity of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in response to three concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) of NPs. The expression levels of genes related to immunity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were altered after NP exposure, and most of them were suppressed. These findings establish the foundation for future research on the biological effects of NP ingestion among aquatic organisms and their potential effects on humans via the consumption of these marine resources. However, further research on DEGs is needed to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind their responses to NP toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Li
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
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15
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Agnoletto C, Volinia S. Mitochondria dysfunction in circulating tumor cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947479. [PMID: 35992829 PMCID: PMC9386562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a subset of heterogeneous cells, which, once released from a tumor site, have the potential to give rise to metastasis in secondary sites. Recent research focused on the attempt to detect and characterize these rare cells in the circulation, and advancements in defining their molecular profile have been reported in diverse tumor species, with potential implications for clinical applications. Of note, metabolic alterations, involving mitochondria, have been implicated in the metastatic process, as key determinants in the transition of tumor cells to a mesenchymal or stemness-like phenotype, in drug resistance, and in induction of apoptosis. This review aimed to briefly analyse the most recent knowledge relative to mitochondria dysfunction in CTCs, and to envision implications of altered mitochondria in CTCs for a potential utility in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agnoletto
- Rete Oncologica Veneta (ROV), Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre (CNBCh UW), University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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A Novel Attention-Mechanism Based Cox Survival Model by Exploiting Pan-Cancer Empirical Genomic Information. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091421. [PMID: 35563727 PMCID: PMC9100007 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer prognosis is an essential goal for early diagnosis, biomarker selection, and medical therapy. In the past decade, deep learning has successfully solved a variety of biomedical problems. However, due to the high dimensional limitation of human cancer transcriptome data and the small number of training samples, there is still no mature deep learning-based survival analysis model that can completely solve problems in the training process like overfitting and accurate prognosis. Given these problems, we introduced a novel framework called SAVAE-Cox for survival analysis of high-dimensional transcriptome data. This model adopts a novel attention mechanism and takes full advantage of the adversarial transfer learning strategy. We trained the model on 16 types of TCGA cancer RNA-seq data sets. Experiments show that our module outperformed state-of-the-art survival analysis models such as the Cox proportional hazard model (Cox-ph), Cox-lasso, Cox-ridge, Cox-nnet, and VAECox on the concordance index. In addition, we carry out some feature analysis experiments. Based on the experimental results, we concluded that our model is helpful for revealing cancer-related genes and biological functions.
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17
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Kawiak A, Kostecka A. Regulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and Their Implications in Endocrine Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35053443 PMCID: PMC8773933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer accounts for around two-thirds of breast cancer occurrences, with endocrine therapy serving as first-line therapy in most cases. Targeting estrogen signaling pathways, which play a central role in regulating ER+ breast cell proliferation and survival, has proven to improve patient outcomes. However, despite the undeniable advantages of endocrine therapy, a subset of breast cancer patients develop acquired or intrinsic resistance to ER-targeting agents, limiting their efficacy. The activation of downstream ER signaling pathways upregulates pro-survival mechanisms that have been shown to influence the response of cells to endocrine therapy. The Bcl-2 family proteins play a central role in cell death regulation and have been shown to contribute to endocrine therapy resistance, supporting the survival of breast cancer cells and enhancing cell death evasion. Due to the overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in ER-positive breast cancer, the role of these proteins as potential targets in hormone-responsive breast cancer is growing in interest. In particular, recent advances in the development of BH3 mimetics have enabled their evaluation in preclinical studies with ER+ breast cancer models, and BH3 mimetics have entered early ER+ breast cancer clinical trials. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins in ER+ breast cancer. Furthermore, an overview of recent advances in research regarding the efficacy of BH3 mimetics in ER+ breast cancer has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
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18
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Bashir S, Loya A, Tabish S, Mushtaq S, Hassan U, Hussain M. Expression of B-cell Lymphoma 2 in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER & ALLIED SPECIALTIES 2021; 7:e369. [PMID: 37197402 PMCID: PMC10166318 DOI: 10.37029/jcas.v7i1.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Immunohistochemical expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) is seen variably in invasive ductal carcinoma. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of BCL-2 expression in different histologic grades of invasive ductal carcinoma. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan, on subjects with invasive ductal carcinoma of various histologic grades. Immunohistochemistry was done using the BCL-2 antibody in all cases. The frequency of BCL-2-positive cases in different histologic grades was noted. Post-stratification, the Chi-square test was applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results All 52 subjects were female (100%) with a mean age of 47.58 ± 1.43 years. BCL-2 expression was observed in 28 (53.85 %) subjects with breast cancer. Out of 33 participants with Grade III, 13 (39.39 %) participants were positive for BCL- 2 expression. Among 18 subjects with Grade II, 14 (77.78 %) subjects were positive for BCL-2 expression. Reduced frequency of BCL-2 expression was observed with increasing histologic grade (i.e., more in low-grade tumours and less in Grade III), but the difference was statistically not significant. Conclusion A differential expression of BCL-2 was observed across different grades of invasive ductal carcinoma. However, the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Bashir
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tabish
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mushtaq
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
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19
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Genomic Instability of Circulating Tumor DNA as a Prognostic Marker for Pancreatic Cancer Survival: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215466. [PMID: 34771630 PMCID: PMC8582446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This prospective cohort study showed that circulating tumor DNA-genomic instability (ctDNA-GI) I-scores, which was defined as the natural logarithm of the sum of LOESS-normalized Z-scores of sequenced reads in 1 Mb bins, are prognostic of the outcome of either localized or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. At baseline, 24.1% of patients had high genomic instability with I-score. Multivariable analyses demonstrated I-score was a significant factor for progression-free survival and overall survival. Abstract Genomic instability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a prognostic biomarker has not been evaluated in pancreatic cancer. We investigated the role of the genomic instability index of ctDNA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We prospectively enrolled 315 patients newly diagnosed with resectable (n = 110), locally advanced (n = 78), and metastatic (n = 127) PDAC from March 2015 through January 2020. Low-depth whole-genome cell-free DNA sequencing identified genome-wide copy number alterations using instability score (I-score) to reflect genome-wide instability. Plasma cell-free and matched tumor tissue DNA from 15 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer was sequenced to assess the concordance of chromosomal copy number alteration profiles. Associations of I-score with clinical factors or survival were assessed. Seventy-six patients had high genomic instability with I-score > 7.3 in pre-treatment ctDNA; proportions of high I-score were 5.5%, 5.1%, and 52% in resectable, locally advanced, and metastatic stages, respectively. Correlation coefficients between Z-scores of plasma and tissue DNA at segment resolution were high (r2 = 0.82). Univariable analysis showed the association of I-score with progression-free survival in each stage. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that clinical stage-adjusted I-scores were significant factors for progression-free and overall survival. In these patients, ctDNA genomic I-scores provided prognostic information relevant to progression-free survival in each clinical stage.
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20
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Sirotković-Skerlev M, Plavetić ND, Sedlić F, Kuna SK, Vrbanec D, Belev B, Pleština S, Kovač Z, Kulić A. Prognostic value of circulating Bcl-2 and anti-p53 antibodies in patients with breast cancer: A long term follow-up (17.5 years). Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:95-104. [PMID: 32986661 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis inhibition is a major tumorigenic factor. Bcl-2 dysregulation and TP53 mutation status, which may correlate with autoantibody generation, contribute to impaired apoptosis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of circulating Bcl-2 and anti-p53 antibodies (p53Abs) in a 17.5-year follow-up of breast cancer patients. We also analyzed the correlations of Bcl-2 and p53Abs with various clinicopathological parameters in order to assess their impact on tumor aggressiveness. METHODS Serum Bcl-2 and p53Abs levels were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 82 patients with invasive breast cancer and twenty individuals without malignancy. RESULTS Serum Bcl-2 and p53Abs levels in breast cancer patients were significantly higher than those in controls. Patients with high levels of Bcl-2 (cut-off 200 U/ml) had a poorer prognosis (17.5-year survival) than those with lower Bcl-2 values. In combined analysis the subgroup of patients with elevated p53Abs (cut-off 15 U/ml) and elevated Bcl-2 (cut-offs 124 U/ml and 200 U/ml) had the worse prognosis in 17.5-year survival. In correlation analysis p53Abs and Bcl-2 were associated with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that breast cancer patients with high serum levels of p53Abs and Bcl-2 present an especially unfavorable group in a long follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sirotković-Skerlev
- Department of Oncology, Division of Pathophysiology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalija Dedić Plavetić
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Sedlić
- Department of Oncology, Division of Pathophysiology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Kusačić Kuna
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Borislav Belev
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stjepko Pleština
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Kovač
- Department of Oncology, Division of Pathophysiology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Kulić
- Department of Oncology, Division of Pathophysiology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Gouri A, Benarba B, Dekaken A, Aoures H, Benharkat S. Prediction of Late Recurrence and Distant Metastasis in Early-stage Breast Cancer: Overview of Current and Emerging Biomarkers. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1008-1025. [PMID: 32164510 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200312105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a significant number of breast cancer (BC) patients have been diagnosed at an early stage. It is therefore critical to accurately predict the risk of recurrence and distant metastasis for better management of BC in this setting. Clinicopathologic patterns, particularly lymph node status, tumor size, and hormonal receptor status are routinely used to identify women at increased risk of recurrence. However, these factors have limitations regarding their predictive ability for late metastasis risk in patients with early BC. Emerging molecular signatures using gene expression-based approaches have improved the prognostic and predictive accuracy for this indication. However, the use of their based-scores for risk assessment has provided contradictory findings. Therefore, developing and using newly emerged alternative predictive and prognostic biomarkers for identifying patients at high- and low-risk is of great importance. The present review discusses some serum biomarkers and multigene profiling scores for predicting late recurrence and distant metastasis in early-stage BC based on recently published studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Annaba, Algeria
| | - B Benarba
- Laboratory Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mascara, Algeria
| | - A Dekaken
- Department of Internal Medicine, El Okbi Public Hospital, Guelma, Algeria
| | - H Aoures
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, EHS El Bouni, Annaba, Algeria
| | - S Benharkat
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Annaba, Algeria
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22
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Albogami SM, Asiri Y, Asiri A, Alnefaie AA, Alnefaie S. Effects of neoadjuvant therapies on genetic regulation of targeted pathways in ER+ primary ductal breast carcinoma: A meta-analysis of microarray datasets. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:656-669. [PMID: 34400859 PMCID: PMC8347676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer arises as a result of multiple interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Conventionally, breast cancer is treated based on histopathological and clinical features. DNA technologies like the human genome microarray are now partially integrated into clinical practice and are used for developing new "personalized medicines" and "pharmacogenetics" for improving the efficiency and safety of cancer medications. We investigated the effects of four established therapies-for ER+ ductal breast cancer-on the differential gene expression. The therapies included single agent tamoxifen, two-agent docetaxel and capecitabine, or combined three-agents CAF (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil) and CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil). Genevestigator 8.1.0 was used to compare five datasets from patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, untreated or treated with selected drugs, to those from the healthy control. We identified 74 differentially expressed genes involved in three pathways, i.e., apoptosis (extrinsic and intrinsic), oxidative signaling, and PI3K/Akt signaling. The treatments affected the expression of apoptotic genes (TNFRSF10B [TRAIL], FAS, CASP3/6/7/8, PMAIP1 [NOXA], BNIP3L, BNIP3, BCL2A1, and BCL2), the oxidative stress-related genes (NOX4, XDH, MAOA, GSR, GPX3, and SOD3), and the PI3K/Akt pathway gene (ERBB2 [HER2]). Breast cancer treatments are complex with varying drug responses and efficacy among patients. This necessitates identifying novel biomarkers for predicting the drug response, using available data and new technologies. GSR, NOX4, CASP3, and ERBB2 are potential biomarkers for predicting the treatment response in primary ER+ ductal breast carcinoma.
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Key Words
- BC, breast cancer
- Bax, Bcl-2-associated X
- Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAF, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil
- CASP3
- CMF, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil
- Chemotherapy
- DC, docetaxel and capecitabine
- ER+ ductal carcinoma
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERBB2 (HER2)
- FC, fold-change
- FU, fluorouracil
- GSR
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor 2
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- NOX4
- OH●, hydroxyl radical
- PI3K/Akt, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B
- PM, personalized medicine
- PR, progesterone receptor
- PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TGF-α/β, transforming growth factor alpha/beta
- TMX, tamoxifen
- TS, thymidylate synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif Asiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Asiri
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, MBC#11, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A. Alnefaie
- International Medical Center Hospital, P.O. Box 953, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Alnefaie
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Hattori S, Zhou XH. Summary concordance index for meta-analysis of prognosis studies with a survival outcome. Stat Med 2021; 40:5218-5236. [PMID: 34196018 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In prognosis studies to evaluate association between a continuous biomarker and a survival outcome, investigators often classify subjects into two subclasses of the high- and low-expression groups and apply simple survival analysis techniques of the Kaplan-Meier method and the logrank test. The high- and low-expressions are defined according to whether or not the observation of the biomarker is higher than the cut-off value, which is heterogeneous across studies. The heterogeneous definitions of the cut-off value make it difficult to apply the standard meta-analysis techniques. We propose a method to estimate the concordance index for a survival outcome synthesizing published prognosis studies, in which the Kaplan-Meier estimates for the high- and low-expression groups are reported. We illustrate our proposed method with a real dataset for meta-analysis of prognosis studies evaluating Ki-67 in early breast cancer and evaluate its performance with a simulation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Prognostic influences of BCL1 and BCL2 expression on disease-free survival in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11942. [PMID: 34099764 PMCID: PMC8184896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prognostic influences of BCL1 and BCL2 expression on disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. BCL1 and BCL2 expression statuses were assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays from 393 breast cancer patients. The Kaplan–Meier estimator and log-rank test were used for survival analyses. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of survival analyses. BCL1 expression revealed no impact on survival. The high BCL2 group showed superior disease-free survival compared with the low BCL2 group (p = 0.002), especially regarding local recurrence-free survival (p = 0.045) and systemic recurrence-free survival (p = 0.002). BCL2 expression was a significant prognostic factor by univariable analysis (HR, 0.528; 95% CI, 0.353–0.790; p = 0.002) and by multivariable analysis (HR, 0.547; 95% CI, 0.362–0.826; p = 0.004). High BCL2 expression was associated with higher disease-free survival in the hormone receptor (HRc)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (HRc(+)/HER2(−)) subtype only (p = 0.002). The high BCL2 group was associated with positive estrogen receptor (ER), positive progesterone receptor (PR), low histologic grade, and age ≤ 50 years. BCL1 expression had no prognostic impact, but BCL2 expression was a significant independent prognostic factor. High BCL2 expression was associated with higher disease-free survival, especially regarding local recurrence and systemic recurrence. The prognostic effect of BCL2 expression was effective only in the HRc(+)/HER2(−) subtype. Favorable clinicopathologic features and a strong association with the ER/PR status could partly explain the superior prognosis of the high BCL2 group. BCL2 expression could be utilized to assess the prognosis of breast cancer patients in clinical settings.
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25
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Devi GR, Finetti P, Morse MA, Lee S, de Nonneville A, Van Laere S, Troy J, Geradts J, McCall S, Bertucci F. Expression of X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) in Breast Cancer Is Associated with Shorter Survival and Resistance to Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2807. [PMID: 34199946 PMCID: PMC8200223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
XIAP, the most potent inhibitor of cell death pathways, is linked to chemotherapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness. Currently, multiple XIAP-targeting agents are in clinical trials. However, the characterization of XIAP expression in relation to clinicopathological variables in large clinical series of breast cancer is lacking. We retrospectively analyzed non-metastatic, non-inflammatory, primary, invasive breast cancer samples for XIAP mRNA (n = 2341) and protein (n = 367) expression. XIAP expression was analyzed as a continuous value and correlated with clinicopathological variables. XIAP mRNA expression was heterogeneous across samples and significantly associated with younger patients' age (≤50 years), pathological ductal type, lower tumor grade, node-positive status, HR+/HER2- status, and PAM50 luminal B subtype. Higher XIAP expression was associated with shorter DFS in uni- and multivariate analyses in 909 informative patients. Very similar correlations were observed at the protein level. This prognostic impact was significant in the HR+/HER2- but not in the TN subtype. Finally, XIAP mRNA expression was associated with lower pCR rate to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in both uni- and multivariate analyses in 1203 informative patients. Higher XIAP expression in invasive breast cancer is independently associated with poorer prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy, suggesting the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri R. Devi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (P.F.); (A.d.N.)
| | - Michael A. Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Seayoung Lee
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Alexandre de Nonneville
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (P.F.); (A.d.N.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jesse Troy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;
| | - Shannon McCall
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Francois Bertucci
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (P.F.); (A.d.N.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
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26
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Hosseini MS, Samaei NM, Ghaderian SMH, Dastmalchi R, Rajabi S. The oncogenic role of both lncRNA PANDA and BCL2 gene in glioblastoma. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence:
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28
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Alsaif NA, Dahab MA, Alanazi MM, Obaidullah AJ, Al-Mehizia AA, Alanazi MM, Aldawas S, Mahdy HA, Elkady H. New quinoxaline derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors with anticancer and apoptotic activity: Design, molecular modeling, and synthesis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104807. [PMID: 33721808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-one and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and biologically assessed for their anti-proliferative activities against two selected tumor cell lines MCF-7 and HepG2. Comparing to sorafenib (IC50 = 2.17 ± 0.13 and 3.51 ± 0.21 µM against MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively), compound 25d, 25e, 25i, and 27e exhibited the highest activities against the examined cell lines with IC50 values extending from 4.1 ± 0.4 to 11.7 ± 1.1 µM. Furthermore, VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities were assessed for all the synthesized compounds as potential mechanisms for their anti-proliferative activities. Compounds 25d, 25e, 25i, and 27e displayed prominent inhibitory efficiency versus VEGFR-2 kinase with IC50 value ranging from 3.4 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 0.5 nM. Fascinatingly, the results of VEGFR-2 inhibitory assays were matched with that of the cytotoxicity data, where the most potent anti-proliferative derivatives exhibited promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. Further studies displayed the ability of compound 25d to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells and can arrest the growth of such cells at the G2/M phase. Also, compound 25d produced a significant increase in the level of BAX/Bcl-2 ratio (3.8-fold), caspase- 3 (1.8-fold), and caspase-9 (1.9-fold) compared to the control cells. Molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the possible binding interaction inside the active site of the VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf A Alsaif
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Mehizia
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Aldawas
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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29
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Du H, Chen L, Luo F, Chen X, Li Y, Cheng Q. Beclin-1 expression is associated with prognosis in a Bcl-2-dependent manner in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:9. [PMID: 32802158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expression abnormalities have been confirmed in different types of cancer. As important regulators of autophagy and apoptosis, respectively, these molecules serve a complex role in tumorigenesis. However, limited information is currently available regarding the association between Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in (NSCLC). In the present study, the expression levels of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 were detected in lung cancer tissues, and their prognostic significance was analyzed for NSCLC. A total of 120 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical resection were included in the present study. Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and their associations with the overall survival (OS) in patients with NSCLC was examined. The expression rate of Beclin-1 was significantly lower in NSCLC tissues compared with that in adjacent tissues, whereas the expression rate of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in lung cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent tissues. Additionally, Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 protein expression was strongly associated (P<0.05) in NSCLC. Patients with NSCLC with low Beclin-1 expression were in more advanced stages, with more lymph node metastasis and more poorly differentiated tumors. Similarly, patients with NSCLC with high Bcl-2 expression were also in a more advanced stage and had more lymph node metastasis. Cox regression analysis revealed that the association between Bcl-2 expression and survival was not significant, while a multivariate analysis revealed that Beclin-1 expression was significantly associated with OS. Notably, Beclin-1 expression was significantly associated with OS only in patients with high Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, the present data indicated that the autophagy activity is decreased in NSCLC. Beclin-1 expression was downregulated, while Bcl-2 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with that in adjacent tissues. Additionally, these two proteins were associated with the occurrence and progression of NSCLC. Beclin-1 may be a promising prognostic marker for patients with NSCLC with high Bcl-2 expression. The present findings provided a more accurate prognostic assessment for patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, they may be used to actively follow-up and promptly treat patients with a poor prognosis, which may benefit a greater number of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailei Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
| | - Fangxiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
| | - Qijian Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
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30
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Cardile V, Avola R, Graziano ACE, Russo A. Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the orchid Dendrobium loddigesii, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109075. [PMID: 32229109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of orchids in herbal medicine has a very long history. Dendrobium species are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites such as phenanthrens, bibenzyls, fluorenones and sesquiterpenes, and alkaloids and are responsible for their wide variety of medicinal properties. For decades, bibenzyls, which are the main bioactive components derived from Dendrobium species, have been subjected to extensive investigation as likely candidates for cancer treatment. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the orchid Dendrobium loddigesii on human melanoma cells. In A375 cells compound moscatilin showed a clear dose-response relationship in the range of 6.25-50 μM concentrations. In addition, we demonstrated an apoptotic response after treatment of cancer cells with this bibenzyl compound at 6.25 and 12.5 μM concentrations that probably involves PTEN activity, inhibition of Hsp70 expression and reactive oxygen species production. Alternatively, the inhibition of the caspase cascade at higher concentrations, 25 and 50 μM, correlated with additional reactive oxygen species increase, probably switched the mode of moscatilin-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana C E Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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31
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Soliman AM, Alqahtani AS, Ghorab M. Novel sulphonamide benzoquinazolinones as dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitors, apoptosis inducers and radiosensitizers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1030-1040. [PMID: 31074303 PMCID: PMC6522976 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1609469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of sulphonamide benzoquinazolinones 5-18 was synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line. The compounds showed IC50 ranging from 0.26 to 161.49 µM. The promising compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory profile against epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and HER2 enzymes. Compound 10 showed more potent activity on both EGFR and HER2 than erlotinib (IC50 3.90 and 5.40 µM versus 6.21 and 9.42 µM). The pro-apoptotic activity of 10 was evaluated against caspase-3, Bax, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) expression levels, and cell cycle analysis. Compound 10 increased the level of caspase-3 by 10 folds, Bax level by 9 folds, decreased the level of the Bcl-2 by 0.14 and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. The radio-sensitizing activity of 10 was measured using a single dose of 8 Gy gamma radiation (IC50 decreased from 0.31 to 0.22 µM). Molecular docking was performed on EGFR and HER2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiten M. Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Nasr City,Egypt;
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ali S. Alqahtani Department of Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Ghorab
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Nasr City,Egypt;
- CONTACT Mostafa Ghorab Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Nasr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 29, Egypt;
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32
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Russo A, Cardile V, Avola R, Graziano A, Montenegro I, Said B, Madrid A. Isocordoin analogues promote apoptosis in human melanoma cells via Hsp70. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3242-3250. [PMID: 31489735 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isocordin 1 and a series of 4-oxyalkyl-isocordoin analogues 2-8 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity effect against human melanoma cells (A2058). Analogues 4, 5, and 6 showed a higher inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 12.91 ± 0.031, 24.88 ± 0.013, and 11.62 ± 0.017, respectively. These analogues, 4, 5, and 6, also induced an apoptotic response at 12.5- and 25-μM concentrations. They inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Hsp70, a critical factor that promotes tumour cell survival. In contrast, Bax and caspase-9 expression, and caspase-3 enzyme resulted activated. These results were correlated to a DNA fragmentation typical of apoptosis and an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Alternatively, at higher concentration (50 μM), when the capacity of the cells to sustain Hsp70 synthesis is reduced, our results seem to indicate that necrosis was induced by a further increase in ROS production. Therefore, the central finding in the present study is that these molecules downregulates Hsp70 expression. Altogether, these results suggest that 4-oxyalkyl-isocordoin analogues 4, 5, and 6 deserve to be deeply investigated for a possible application as Hsp70 inhibitor in the management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Iván Montenegro
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Bastian Said
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica (LPNSO), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
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Liao ZB, Tan XL, Dong KS, Zhang HW, Chen XP, Chu L, Zhang BX. miRNA-448 inhibits cell growth by targeting BCL-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:703-711. [PMID: 30316787 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant micro (mi)RNA-448 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several human cancers. However, the function of miRNA-448 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully investigated. METHODS miRNA-448 expression levels in HCC tissues, adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANTs), and HCC cell lines were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). HCC cells were treated with a miRNA-448 mimic or inhibitor, followed by cell viability measurements with the CCK-8 assay. Venn diagram analysis predicted, and dual luciferase reporter assays verified, the target gene of miRNA-448. Expression of the target gene was detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Growth of miRNA-448- or target gene-expressing HCC xenograft tumors in nude mice was measured. RESULTS miRNA-448 was expressed at a lower level in HCC tissues than ANTs, and correlated with a larger tumor size, incomplete tumor encapsulation, and advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage. miRNA-448 inhibited HCC cell growth. The downstream target of miRNA-448 was BCL-2, which was highly expressed in HCC tissues and its mRNA level was negatively correlated with miRNA-448 expression. In vivo, BCL-2 attenuated the tumor inhibiting effect of miRNA-448. CONCLUSION miRNA-448 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting BCL-2 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Long Tan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke-Shuai Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Bi-Xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Dagher E, Abadie J, Loussouarn D, Fanuel D, Campone M, Nguyen F. Bcl-2 expression and prognostic significance in feline invasive mammary carcinomas: a retrospective observational study. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:25. [PMID: 30630524 PMCID: PMC6329127 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cats spontaneously develop invasive mammary carcinomas with high clinical aggressiveness, and are considered relevant animal models for human breast cancer. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic pro-survival protein, whose expression is associated with a favorable outcome in human breast cancer. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of Bcl-2 expression in feline invasive mammary carcinomas (FMCs), its relationship with other clinicopathologic variables, and its prognostic value. This retrospective study included 180 FMCs, diagnosed in female cats treated by surgery only, with a 2-year follow-up post-mastectomy. Bcl-2, ER, PR, Ki-67, HER2, and CK5/6 expression were determined by automated immunohistochemistry. A receiver-operating-characteristic curve was used to set the threshold for Bcl-2 positivity. RESULTS The cohort comprises 32% (57/180) luminal FMCs defined by ER and/or PR positivity, and 68% (123/180) triple-negative FMCs (negative for ER, PR, and HER2). Bcl-2 expression was considered as positive when at least 65% of tumor cells were immunohistochemically stained. Thirty-one out of 180 FMCs (17%) were Bcl-2-positive. There was no significant association between Bcl-2 expression, and the tumor size, nodal stage, histological grade, or ER, PR, Ki-67, HER2, and CK5/6 expression. By multivariate survival analysis (Cox proportional-hazards regression), Bcl-2 positivity in FMCs was associated with longer disease-free interval (p = 0.005, HR = 0.38), overall survival (p = 0.028, HR = 0.61), and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.019, HR = 0.54) independently of other powerful prognostic factors such as pathologic tumor size, pathologic nodal stage, and distant metastasis. The positive prognostic value of Bcl-2 was confirmed in both luminal FMCs, of which 9/57 (16%) were Bcl-2-positive, and in basal-like triple-negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-, CK5/6+) FMCs, of which 14/76 (18%) were Bcl-2-positive. CONCLUSIONS Compared to human breast cancer, Bcl-2 positivity in feline invasive mammary carcinomas is also associated with better outcome, but is less common, and not associated with ER, PR, and HER2 expression. Cats with spontaneous Bcl-2-positive FMCs could be useful in preclinical trials evaluating anti-Bcl-2 strategies for chemoresistant luminal or triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Dagher
- AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Oniris site Chantrerie, CS40706, 44307, Cedex 3, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Oniris site Chantrerie, CS40706, 44307, Cedex 3, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Delphine Loussouarn
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Hôtel-Dieu CHU de Nantes, Anatomie Pathologique, cedex 01, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Dominique Fanuel
- AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Oniris site Chantrerie, CS40706, 44307, Cedex 3, Nantes, France
| | - Mario Campone
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Integrated Center for Oncology, ICO, 15 rue André Boquet, cedex 02, 49055, Angers, France
| | - Frédérique Nguyen
- AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Oniris site Chantrerie, CS40706, 44307, Cedex 3, Nantes, France. .,CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,Integrated Center for Oncology, ICO, 15 rue André Boquet, cedex 02, 49055, Angers, France.
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Ayadi EZ, Cherif B, Ben Hamed Y, Mokni M, Rebai A, Ayadi H, Jlidi R. Prognostic Value of BCL2 in Women Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3557-3564. [PMID: 30583683 PMCID: PMC6428546 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.12.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancers are heterogeneous, making it essential to recognize several biomarkers for cancer
outcome predictions especially in young women where the classical prediction parameters are not suitable. The goal
from this study is to evaluate the impact of B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), P53 and Ki-67 proteins expression on survival
in young women patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. Patients and methods: Samples and clinical data from 238
patients were collected between 2003 and 2017. They were selected according to 2 criteria: age ≤40 years old and most of
them are affected by an Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. We evaluated BCL2, P53 and ki-67 expression by immunochemistry
test, and then we assessed correlations of these biomarkers expression with patient’s clinicopathological characteristics
and survival. Results: Triple negative breast cancer group showed a high frequency among our cohort but we emphasize
an almost equitable distribution among all molecular groups. Contrary to other studies which reported that luminal A
was correlated with better prognosis, our analysis demonstrated that luminal A is correlated with the Scarff, Bloom
and Richardson (SBR) grading 2 or SBR grading 3. To better investigate the prognosis, we analyze three biomarkers
known by their impact on physiopathology behavior on breast cancer BCL2, ki-67and P53. BCL2 is the more relevant
one, it was correlated with molecular subtypes (p=0.0012) and SBR grading (p=0.0016). BCL2 seems to be the good
prognostic biomarker related to survival (p=0.004) with a protective role among patients when endocrine therapy
is not provided and Lymph Node (LN) involvement is positive (p=0.021, p=0.000 respectively). Conclusions: The
classical prognostic parameters based mainly on the molecular classification in breast cancer seem insufficient in the
case of young women. BCL2 protein expression analysis provides a better prognostic value. BCL2 should be clinically
associated in current practice when young women specimens are diagnosticated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Z Ayadi
- Procédés de criblage moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax B.P K.3038 Sfax, Tunisia.,Patholab Private CytoPathology Laboratory R. du Caire, Cité Jardin Sfax,Tunisia.,Patholab Private Cytopathology Laboratory A. Ibn Khaldoun Sfax, Tunisia.
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Hwang E, Hwang SH, Kim J, Park JH, Oh S, Kim YA, Hwang KT. ABT-737 ameliorates docetaxel resistance in triple negative breast cancer cell line. Ann Surg Treat Res 2018; 95:240-248. [PMID: 30402442 PMCID: PMC6204323 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2018.95.5.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to validate the synergistic effect of ABT-737 on docetaxel using MDA-MB-231, a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line overexpressing B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Methods Western blot analysis was performed to assess expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-related molecules. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry analysis. Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk) was used for pretreatment to assess the role of caspases. Results Cell viability of MDA-MB-231 after combination treatment with ABT-737 and docetaxel was significantly lower than that after docetaxel or ABT-737 monotherapy based on MTT assay (both P < 0.001), with a combination index of 0.41. The proportion of sub-G1 population after combination treatment was significantly higher than that after docetaxel or ABT-737 monotherapy (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). Pretreatment with z-VAD-fmk completely restored cell viability of MDA-MB-231 from apoptotic cell death induced by combination therapy (P = 0.001). Although pro-caspase-8 or Bid did not show significant change in expression level, pro-casepase-9 showed significantly decreased expression after combination treatment. Cleaved caspase-3 showed increased expression while poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage was induced after combination treatment. However, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 totally lost their expression after combination treatment. Conclusion Combination of ABT-737 with docetaxel elicits synergistic therapeutic effect on MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line overexpressing Bcl-2, mainly by activating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Therefore, adjunct of ABT-737 to docetaxel might be a new therapeutic option to overcome docetaxel resistance of TNBCs overexpressing Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hye Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongjin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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BCL2L12: a multiply spliced gene with independent prognostic significance in breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:276-287. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alternative splicing is a key process in carcinogenesis and, from a clinical aspect, holds great promises, as alternatively spliced variants have emerged as an untapped source of diagnostic and prognostic markers. Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of three recently recognized splice variants of the apoptosis-related gene, BCL2L12, in breast cancer (BC).
Methods
Total RNA was extracted from breast samples (150 BC and 80 tumor-adjacent normal tissues) and, following cDNA synthesis, a variant-specific qPCR was performed for the expressional quantification of BCL2L12 v.1, v.2 and v.4 transcript variants. Extensive statistical analysis, including bootstrap resampling and internal validation, was conducted in order to evaluate the associations of v.1, v.2 and v.4 expression with patients’ clinopathological and survival data.
Results
All examined BCL2L12 variants were significantly upregulated in BC specimens compared to their non-cancerous counterpart (v.1, p<0.001; v.2, p=0.009; v.4, p=0.004). Increased BCL2L12 v.4 mRNA expression was associated with markers of unfavorable prognosis namely, advanced tumor grade (p=0.002), ER- (p=0.015)/PR- (p<0.001) negativity, Ki-67-positivity (p=0.007) and high NPI (Nottingham prognostic index) score (p=0.033). Moreover, v.4 was significantly overexpressed in women with triple negative BC (TNBC) and HER2-positive tumors compared to those harboring luminal tumors (p<0.001). Survival analysis disclosed that BCL2L12 v.2 overexpression, as a continuous variable ([HR]=0.45, 95% CI=0.17–0.82, p=0.010), is a strong and independent marker of favorable prognosis for BC patients. Interestingly, v.2 retains its prognostic value in patients with Grade II/III ([HR]=0.21, 95% CI=0.05–0.57, p=0.006) or HER2-positive/TNBC tumors ([HR]=0.25, 95% CI=0.05–0.74, p=0.042).
Conclusions
BCL2L12 v.1, v.2, v.4 are aberrantly expressed in BC. Their expressional analysis by cost-effective molecular methods could provide a novel molecular tool for BC management.
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Eldehna WM, Abo-Ashour MF, Ibrahim HS, Al-Ansary GH, Ghabbour HA, Elaasser MM, Ahmed HYA, Safwat NA. Novel [(3-indolylmethylene)hydrazono]indolin-2-ones as apoptotic anti-proliferative agents: design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:686-700. [PMID: 29560733 PMCID: PMC6010103 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1421181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
On account of their significance as apoptosis inducing agents, merging indole and 3-hydrazinoindolin-2-one scaffolds is a logic tactic for designing pro-apoptotic agents. Consequently, 27 hybrids (6a–r, 9a–f and 11a–c) were synthesised and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG-2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. SAR studies unravelled that N-propylindole derivatives were the most active compounds such as 6n (MCF-7; IC50=1.04 µM), which displayed a significant decrease of cell population in the G2/M phase and significant increase in the early and late apoptosis by 19-folds in Annexin-V-FTIC assay. Also, 6n increased the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome C and Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, compounds 6i, 6j, 6n and 6q generated ROS by significant increase in the level of SOD and depletion of the levels of CAT and GSH-Px in MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Egypt
| | - Hany S Ibrahim
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Egypt
| | - Ghada H Al-Ansary
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y A Ahmed
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nesreen A Safwat
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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Li S, Shen Y, Wang M, Yang J, Lv M, Li P, Chen Z, Yang J. Loss of PTEN expression in breast cancer: association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32043-32054. [PMID: 28410191 PMCID: PMC5458267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have evaluated the significance of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10) expression in breast cancer, but their results remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations of PTEN expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in breast cancer. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to identify relevant publications. The associations between PTEN expression and clinicopathological parameters, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were then assessed via meta-analyses of odds ratio (ORs) and hazard ratio (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Based on 27 studies involving 10,231 patients, the pooled results revealed that PTEN loss was significantly more common in breast cancer than in normal tissues (OR = 12.15, 95% CI = 6.48–22.79, P < 0.00001) and that PTEN loss had clear associations with larger tumor size (> 2 cm, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48–0.82, P= 0.0006), lymph node metastasis(OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.45–0.82, P = 0.0001), later TNM stage(stage III–IV, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35–0.86, P= 0.009), poor differentiation(OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.24–0.59, P < 0.0001), and the highly aggressive triple-negative phenotype (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.23–2.12, P = 0.0005). Moreover, patients with PTEN loss exhibited significantly worse DFS and OS(HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.04–2.22, P < 0.00001; HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08–1.73, P < 0.0001; respectively). In conclusion, PTEN loss might predict more aggressive behavior and worse outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zheling Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Involvement of Bax and Bcl-2 in Induction of Apoptosis by Essential Oils of Three Lebanese Salvia Species in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010292. [PMID: 29351194 PMCID: PMC5796237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men, and research to find more effective and less toxic drugs has become necessary. In the frame of our ongoing program on traditionally used Salvia species from the Mediterranean Area, here we report the biological activities of Salvia aurea, S. judaica and S. viscosa essential oils against human prostate cancer cells (DU-145). The cell viability was measured by 3(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was used to quantify necrosis cell death. Genomic DNA, caspase-3 activity, expression of cleaved caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) proteins were analyzed in order to study the apoptotic process. The role of reactive oxygen species in cell death was also investigated. We found that the three essential oils, containing caryophyllene oxide as a main constituent, are capable of reducing the growth of human prostate cancer cells, activating an apoptotic process and increasing reactive oxygen species generation. These results suggest it could be profitable to further investigate the effects of these essential oils for their possible use as anticancer agents in prostate cancer, alone or in combination with chemotherapy agents.
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Heubner M, Wimberger P, Otterbach F, Kasimir-Bauer S, Siffert W, Kimmig R, Nückel H. Association of the AA genotype of the BCL2 (–938C>A) promoter polymorphism with better survival in ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 24:223-9. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080902400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Bcl-2 plays a key role in the regulation of apoptosis. Recently, a novel regulatory single nucleotide polymorphism (–938C>A) in the inhibitory P2 BCL2 promoter was described. In this study we investigated its potential association with survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Experimental design Patients (n=110) with primary epithelial ovarian cancer were retrospectively genotyped by pyrosequencing. Results Genotype distribution was not significantly different between 110 ovarian cancer patients and 120 healthy controls, suggesting that genotypes of this polymorphism do not increase the susceptibility to ovarian cancer. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant association of the AA genotype with increased survival (p=0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that the BCL2–938AC/CC genotype (hazard ratio 4.5; p=0.003) was an independent prognostic factor compared to other prognostic factors such as age, histological grade or tumor stage. Conclusion The results suggest a role for the BCL2-938C>A polymorphism as a marker for survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heubner
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
| | - Friedrich Otterbach
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
| | - Holger Nückel
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
- Department of Hematology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen - Germany
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Tramm T, Kyndi M, Sørensen FB, Overgaard J, Alsner J. Influence of intra-tumoral heterogeneity on the evaluation of BCL2, E-cadherin, EGFR, EMMPRIN, and Ki-67 expression in tissue microarrays from breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:102-106. [PMID: 29202620 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1404128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of intra-tumoral heterogeneity on the evaluation of immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarker expression may affect the analytical validity of new biomarkers substantially and hence compromise the clinical utility. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of intra-tumoral heterogeneity as well as inter-observer variability on the evaluation of various IHC markers with potential prognostic impact in breast cancer (BCL2, E-cadherin, EGFR, EMMPRIN and Ki-67). MATERIAL AND METHODS From each of 27 breast cancer patients, two tumor-containing paraffin blocks were chosen. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity was evaluated (1) within a single tumor-containing paraffin block ('intra-block agreement') by comparing information from a central, a peripheral tissue microarray (TMA) core and a whole slide section (WS), (2) between two different tumor-containing blocks from the same primary tumor ('inter-block agreement') by comparing information from TMA cores (central/peripheral) and WS. IHC markers on WS and TMA cores were evaluated by two observers independently, and agreements were estimated by Kappa statistics. RESULTS For BCL2, E-cadherin and EGFR, an almost perfect intra- and inter-block agreement was found. EMMPRIN and Ki-67 showed a more heterogeneous expression with moderate to substantial intra-block agreements. For both stainings, there was a moderate inter-block agreement that improved slightly for EMMPRIN, when using WS instead of TMA cores. Inter-observer agreements were found to be almost perfect for BCL2, E-cadherin and EGFR (WS: κ > 0.82, TMAs: κ > 0.90), substantial for EMMPRIN (κ > 0.63), but only fair to moderate for Ki-67 (WS: κ = 0.54, TMAs: κ = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS BCL2, E-cadherin and EGFR were found to be homogeneously expressed, whereas EMMPRIN and Ki-67 showed a more pronounced degree of intra-tumoral heterogeneity. The results emphasize the importance of securing the analytical validity of new biomarkers by examining the intra-tumoral heterogeneity of immunohistochemical stainings applied to TMA cores individually in each type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Tramm
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Kyndi
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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HPV Status and Its Correlation with BCL2, p21, p53, Rb, and Survivin Expression in Breast Cancer in a Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6315392. [PMID: 29423411 PMCID: PMC5750508 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6315392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent evidence, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast carcinogenesis is controversial. The correlations of HPV infection with the clinicopathological features of breast cancer and the expression of cell cycle/apoptosis-associated proteins have not been well elucidated. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPVs (HR-HPVs) infection and BCL2, p21, p53, Rb, and survivin expression in breast cancer patients and to investigate the relationship of HPV with these cancer-related proteins, in an attempt to clarify the potential mechanism of HPV in breast cancer pathogenesis. HPV presence in 81 fresh breast cancer tissues was determined by hybrid capture 2 (HC2) assay, and expression of BCL2, p21, p53, Rb, and survivin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Here we showed that fourteen (17.3%) patients were HR-HPV positive. HPV infection demonstrated no significant correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. HPV-positive tumors showed significantly higher BCL2 and lower p53 expression than HPV-negative tumors. Expression of p21, Rb, and survivin was not associated with HPV status. Our results suggest a possible role of HR-HPV in breast cancer carcinogenesis, in which BCL2 and p53 may be involved.
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, Soliman AM, Ragab FA. VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: synthesis and molecular design of new benzo[g]quinazolin bearing benzenesulfonamide moiety. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:893-907. [PMID: 28661197 PMCID: PMC6445170 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1334650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour S. Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiten M. Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Deeter A, Dalman M, Haddad J, Duan ZH. Inferring gene and protein interactions using PubMed citations and consensus Bayesian networks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186004. [PMID: 29049295 PMCID: PMC5648141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PubMed database offers an extensive set of publication data that can be useful, yet inherently complex to use without automated computational techniques. Data repositories such as the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) offer experimental data storage and retrieval as well as curated gene expression profiles. Genetic interaction databases, including Reactome and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, offer pathway and experiment data analysis using data curated from these publications and data repositories. We have created a method to generate and analyze consensus networks, inferring potential gene interactions, using large numbers of Bayesian networks generated by data mining publications in the PubMed database. Through the concept of network resolution, these consensus networks can be tailored to represent possible genetic interactions. We designed a set of experiments to confirm that our method is stable across variation in both sample and topological input sizes. Using gene product interactions from the KEGG pathway database and data mining PubMed publication abstracts, we verify that regardless of the network resolution or the inferred consensus network, our method is capable of inferring meaningful gene interactions through consensus Bayesian network generation with multiple, randomized topological orderings. Our method can not only confirm the existence of currently accepted interactions, but has the potential to hypothesize new ones as well. We show our method confirms the existence of known gene interactions such as JAK-STAT-PI3K-AKT-mTOR, infers novel gene interactions such as RAS- Bcl-2 and RAS-AKT, and found significant pathway-pathway interactions between the JAK-STAT signaling and Cardiac Muscle Contraction KEGG pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Deeter
- Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Dalman
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- College of Podiatric Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph Haddad
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Hui Duan
- Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
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Song S, Wang B, Gu S, Li X, Sun S. Expression of Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 in pancreatic neoplasms and its effect on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7849-7861. [PMID: 29344231 PMCID: PMC5755265 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of Beclin 1 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) has been identified in a variety of human tumors; however, little information is available for pancreatic neoplasms. The present study analyzed the expression of Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas, and evaluated their prognostic significance for PDAC. The present study included 117 PDAC, 43 SPN and 32 chronic pancreatitis (CP) cases. Levels of Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 expression were evaluated semiquantitatively by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with the survival of patients with PDAC was determined. Beclin 1 was upregulated in 74 (63.2%) PDAC, 26 (60.5%) SPN, and 14 (43.8%) CP cases. Bcl-2 was upregulated in 38 (32.5%) PDAC, 11 (25.6%) SPN and 24 (75.0%) CP cases. High Beclin 1 and low Bcl-2 expression was significantly correlated with poor differentiation and distant metastasis in PDAC, and associated with the presence of nuclear pleomorphism in SPN and with advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage in PDAC. Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 levels were inversely correlated in PDAC, whereas they were positively correlated in SPN. Low Beclin 1 and high Bcl-2 expression was associated with improved disease-free survival and overall survival (OS). However, the association of Beclin 1 with survival was not significant in the Cox analysis, whereas Bcl-2 expression was significantly correlated with OS in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, Beclin 1 upregulation exacerbated the progression and aggressiveness of pancreatic neoplasms, and Bcl-2 downregulated expression was an independently poor prognostic factor for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Pancreas and Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Baosheng Wang
- Department of Pancreas and Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuailin Gu
- Department of Pancreas and Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Li
- Department of Pancreas and Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- Department of Pancreas and Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Zhu T, Xu F, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yang C, Cheng M, Chen F, Wang K. Measurement of molecular biomarkers that predict the tumor response in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers after dose-dense (biweekly) paclitaxel/carboplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101087-101094. [PMID: 29254147 PMCID: PMC5731857 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of the clinical and histopathological characteristics of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients treated with dose-dense paclitaxel/carboplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Pathological complete response (pCR) and the change in tumor size between pre- and post-NCT were used to evaluate the tumor response.85 ER-positive breast cancer patients who were treated with dose-dense (biweekly) paclitaxel/carboplatin NCT were analyzed with respect to the expression of progesterone receptor (PgR), Tau, Ki67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). These data were used to determine whether these biomarkers could predict the tumor response. A univariate analysis showed that the patients who tested positive for HER2 expression (56.00% vs 11.67%, p<0.01), negative for Tau expression (41.94% vs 14.81%, p=0.005), negative for Bcl-2 expression (46.43% vs 14.04%, p<0.01) and had smaller (≤2 cm) tumors (45.00% vs 18.46%, p=0.02) were associated with higher pCR rates. A multivariate analysis showed that a HER2-positive status (OR: 6.244; 95%CI: 1.734-22.487; p=0.005), Bcl-2-negative status (OR: 0.236; 95%CI: 0.064-0.869; p=0.030) and smaller (≤2 cm) tumor sizes (OR: 0.188; 95%CI: 0.046-0.767; p=0.020) are independent predictors of pCRs. The tumor sizes were significantly reduced in patients with HER2-positive, Tau-negative, Bcl-2-negative and high Ki67 index breast cancer. In conclusion, Bcl-2 negative, HER2-positive and smaller (≤2 cm) tumor sizes are independent predictors of pCR in ER-positive patients treated with dose-dense (biweekly) paclitaxel/carboplatin NCT. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT0205986).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fangping Xu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liulu Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ciqiu Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Minyi Cheng
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fulong Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Hwang KT, Kim K, Chang JH, Oh S, Kim YA, Lee JY, Jung SH, Choi IS. BCL2 Regulation according to Molecular Subtype of Breast Cancer by Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Database. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:658-669. [PMID: 28701032 PMCID: PMC6056973 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) regulation across DNA, RNA, protein, and methylation status according to molecular subtype of breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Materials and Methods We analyzed clinical and biological data on 1,096 breast cancers from the TCGA database. Biological data included reverse phase protein array (RPPA), mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), mRNA microarray, methylation, copy number alteration linear, copy number alteration nonlinear, and mutation data. Results The luminal A and luminal B subtypes showed upregulated expression of RPPA and mRNAseq and hypomethylation compared to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and triple-negative subtypes (all p < 0.001). No mutations were found in any subjects. High mRNA-seq and high RPPA were strongly associated with positive estrogen receptor, positive progesterone receptor (all p < 0.001), and negative HER2 (p < 0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between protein and mRNA levels and a strong negative correlation between methylation and protein and mRNA levels (all p < 0.001). The high BCL2 group showed superior overall survival compared to the low BCL2 group (p=0.006). Conclusion The regulation of BCL2 was mainly associated with methylation across the molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and luminal A and luminal B subtypes showed upregulated expression of BCL2 protein, mRNA, and hypomethylation. Although copy number alteration may have played a minor role, mutation status was not related to BCL2 regulation. Upregulation of BCL2 was associated with superior prognosis than downregulation of BCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Tae Hwang
- Department of Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Yoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hee Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Onder S, Fayda M, Karanlık H, Bayram A, Şen F, Cabioglu N, Tuzlalı S, İlhan R, Yavuz E. Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with poor prognosis in invasive micropapillary carcinomas of the breast: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study with long-term survival analysis. Breast J 2017; 23:638-646. [DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Semen Onder
- Department of Pathology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Merdan Fayda
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hasan Karanlık
- Surgical Oncology Unit; Institute of Oncology; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Aysel Bayram
- Department of Pathology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Fatma Şen
- Department of Medical Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Neslihan Cabioglu
- Department of General Surgery; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sıtkı Tuzlalı
- Department of Pathology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Rıdvan İlhan
- Department of Pathology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ekrem Yavuz
- Department of Pathology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
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Hwang KT, Han W, Kim J, Moon HG, Oh S, Song YS, Kim YA, Chang MS, Noh DY. Prognostic Influence of BCL2 on Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2017; 20:54-64. [PMID: 28382095 PMCID: PMC5378580 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2017.20.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to reveal the prognostic influence of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) on molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods We analyzed 9,468 patients with primary breast cancer. We classified molecular subtypes according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and St. Gallen guidelines, mainly on the basis of the expression of hormonal receptor (HR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67. Results Regarding NCCN classification, BCL2 was a strong favorable prognostic factor in the HR(+)/HER2(–) subtype (p<0.001) and a marginally significant favorable prognosticator in the HR(+)/HER2(+) subtype (p=0.046). BCL2 had no prognostic impact on HR(–)/HER2(+) and HR(–)/HER2(–) subtypes. In relation to St. Gallen classification, BCL2 was a strong favorable prognosticator in luminal A and luminal B/HER2(–) subtypes (both p<0.001). BCL2 was a marginally significant prognosticator in the luminal B/HER2(+) subtype (p=0.046), and it was not a significant prognosticator in HER2 or triple negative (TN) subtypes. The prognostic effect of BCL2 was proportional to the stage of breast cancer in HR(+)/HER2(–), HR(+)/HER2(+), and HR(–)/HER2(–) subtypes, but not in HR(–)/HER2(+) subtype. BCL2 was not a prognostic factor in TN breast cancer regardless of epidermal growth factor receptor expression. Conclusion The prognostic influence of BCL2 was different across molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and it was largely dependent on HR, HER2, Ki-67, and the stage of cancer. BCL2 had a strong favorable prognostic impact only in HR(+)/HER2(–) or luminal A and luminal B/HER2(–) subtypes, particularly in advanced stages. Further investigations are needed to verify the prognostic influence of BCL2 on molecular subtypes of breast cancer and to develop clinical applications for prognostication using BCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Tae Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongjin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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