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Xiao HT, Jin J, Zheng ZG. Emerging role of GCN5 in human diseases and its therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114835. [PMID: 37352700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first histone acetyltransferase to be cloned and identified in yeast, general control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) plays a crucial role in epigenetic and chromatin modifications. It has been extensively studied for its essential role in regulating and causing various diseases. There is mounting evidence to suggest that GCN5 plays an emerging role in human diseases and its therapeutic potential is promising. In this paper, we begin by providing an introduction GCN5 including its structure, catalytic mechanism, and regulation, followed by a review of the current research progress on the role of GCN5 in regulating various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis. Thus, we delve into the various aspects of GCN5 inhibitors, including their types, characteristics, means of discovery, activities, and limitations from a medicinal chemistry perspective. Our analysis highlights the importance of identifying and creating inhibitors that are both highly selective and effective inhibitors, for the future development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at treating GCN5-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Carmona B, Marinho HS, Matos CL, Nolasco S, Soares H. Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications: The Elusive Roles of Acetylation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040561. [PMID: 37106761 PMCID: PMC10136095 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin heterodimers found in all eukaryotes, are involved in cytoplasm spatial organization, intracellular transport, cell polarity, migration and division, and in cilia biology. MTs functional diversity depends on the differential expression of distinct tubulin isotypes and is amplified by a vast number of different post-translational modifications (PTMs). The addition/removal of PTMs to α- or β-tubulins is catalyzed by specific enzymes and allows combinatory patterns largely enriching the distinct biochemical and biophysical properties of MTs, creating a code read by distinct proteins, including microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which allow cellular responses. This review is focused on tubulin-acetylation, whose cellular roles continue to generate debate. We travel through the experimental data pointing to α-tubulin Lys40 acetylation role as being a MT stabilizer and a typical PTM of long lived MTs, to the most recent data, suggesting that Lys40 acetylation enhances MT flexibility and alters the mechanical properties of MTs, preventing MTs from mechanical aging characterized by structural damage. Additionally, we discuss the regulation of tubulin acetyltransferases/desacetylases and their impacts on cell physiology. Finally, we analyze how changes in MT acetylation levels have been found to be a general response to stress and how they are associated with several human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carmona
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lopes Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nolasco
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
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Cui J, Xu F, Bai W, Zhao T, Hong J, Zuo W. HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 reduces resistance of mutant-KRAS non-small cell lung cancer to pemetrexed through a HDAC2/miR-130a-3p-dependent mechanism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:125. [PMID: 36793108 PMCID: PMC9930237 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDAC) contribute to oncogenic program, pointing to their inhibitors as a potential strategy against cancers. We, thus, studied the mechanism of HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 in resistance of mutant (mut)-KRAS non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to pemetrexed (Pem). METHODS We first determined the expression of NSCLC tumorigenesis-related HDAC2 and Rad51 in NSCLC tissues and cells. Next, we illustrated the effect of ITF2357 on the Pem resistance in wild type-KARS NSCLC cell line H1299, mut-KARS NSCLC cell line A549 and Pem-resistant mut-KARS cell line A549R in vitro and in xenografts of nude mice in vivo. RESULTS Expression of HDAC2 and Rad51 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Accordingly, it was revealed that ITF2357 downregulated HDAC2 expression to diminish the resistance of H1299, A549 and A549R cells to Pem. HDAC2 bound to miR-130a-3p to upregulate its target gene Rad51. The in vitro findings were reproduced in vivo, where ITF2357 inhibited the HDAC2/miR-130a-3p/Rad51 axis to reduce the resistance of mut-KRAS NSCLC to Pem. CONCLUSION Taken together, HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 restores miR-130a-3p expression by inhibiting HDAC2, thereby repressing Rad51 and ultimately diminishing resistance of mut-KRAS NSCLC to Pem. Our findings suggested HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 as a promising adjuvant strategy to enhance the sensitivity of mut-KRAS NSCLC to Pem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Bai
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Jiangxi Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Hong
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Shu F, Xiao H, Li QN, Ren XS, Liu ZG, Hu BW, Wang HS, Wang H, Jiang GM. Epigenetic and post-translational modifications in autophagy: biological functions and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:32. [PMID: 36646695 PMCID: PMC9842768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway where cellular components are dynamically degraded and re-processed to maintain physical homeostasis. However, the physiological effect of autophagy appears to be multifaced. On the one hand, autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism, protecting against multiple diseases, especially tumor, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative and infectious disease. Conversely, autophagy may also play a detrimental role via pro-survival effects on cancer cells or cell-killing effects on normal body cells. During disorder onset and progression, the expression levels of autophagy-related regulators and proteins encoded by autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are abnormally regulated, giving rise to imbalanced autophagy flux. However, the detailed mechanisms and molecular events of this process are quite complex. Epigenetic, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs, and post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation and acetylation, precisely manipulate gene expression and protein function, and are strongly correlated with the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. There is substantial evidence that autophagy-relevant regulators and machineries are subjected to epigenetic and post-translational modulation, resulting in alterations in autophagy levels, which subsequently induces disease or affects the therapeutic effectiveness to agents. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms mediated by epigenetic and post-translational modifications in disease-related autophagy to unveil potential therapeutic targets. In addition, the effect of autophagy on the therapeutic effectiveness of epigenetic drugs or drugs targeting post-translational modification have also been discussed, providing insights into the combination with autophagy activators or inhibitors in the treatment of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shu
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Han Xiao
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Qiu-Nuo Li
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Ren
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Cancer Center, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong China
| | - Bo-Wen Hu
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Targeting epigenetic regulation for cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:73-161. [PMID: 36990539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display pervasive changes in DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of histone posttranslational modification, chromatin composition or organization and regulatory element activities that alter normal programs of gene expression. It is becoming increasingly clear that disturbances in the epigenome are hallmarks of cancer, which are targetable and represent attractive starting points for drug creation. Remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in discovering and developing epigenetic-based small molecule inhibitors. Recently, epigenetic-targeted agents in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been identified and these agents are either in current clinical trials or approved for treatment. However, epigenetic drug applications face many challenges, including low selectivity, poor bioavailability, instability and acquired drug resistance. New multidisciplinary approaches are being designed to overcome these limitations, e.g., applications of machine learning, drug repurposing, high throughput virtual screening technologies, to identify selective compounds with improved stability and better bioavailability. We provide an overview of the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulation that encompass histone and DNA modifications and discuss effector proteins that affect the organization of chromatin structure and function as well as presently available inhibitors as potential drugs. Current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes that have been approved by therapeutic regulatory authorities across the world are highlighted. Many of these are in different stages of clinical evaluation. We also assess emerging strategies for combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy, standard chemotherapy or other classes of agents and advances in the design of novel epigenetic therapies.
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Celesia A, Notaro A, Franzò M, Lauricella M, D’Anneo A, Carlisi D, Giuliano M, Emanuele S. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357 (Givinostat) Targets Oncogenic BRAF in Melanoma Cells and Promotes a Switch from Pro-Survival Autophagy to Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081994. [PMID: 36009541 PMCID: PMC9405675 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) are epigenetic compounds that have been widely considered very promising antitumor agents. Here, we focus on the effects of the pan-HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 (Givinostat) in comparison with SAHA (Vorinostat) in melanoma cells bearing BRAF V600E oncogenic mutation. Our results indicate both ITF2357 and SAHA dose-dependently reduce the viability of BRAF-mutated SK-MEL-28 and A375 melanoma cells. The comparison of IC50 values revealed that ITF2357 was much more effective than SAHA. Interestingly, both inhibitors markedly decreased oncogenic BRAF protein expression levels, ITF2357 being the most effective compound. Moreover, the BRAF decrease induced by ITF2357 was accompanied by a decrease in the level of phospho-ERK1/2. The inhibitor of upstream MEK activity, U0126, reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and dramatically potentiated the antitumor effect of ITF2357, exacerbating the reduction in the BRAF level. ITF2357 stimulated an early pro-survival autophagic response, which was followed by apoptosis, as indicated by apoptotic markers evaluation and the protective effects exerted by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VADfmk. Overall, our data indicate for the first time that ITF2357 targets oncogenic BRAF in melanoma cells and induces a switch from autophagy to classic apoptosis, thus representing a possible candidate in melanoma targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Celesia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia Franzò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.E.)
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Ao L, Fang S, Zhang K, Gao Y, Cui J, Jia W, Shan Y, Zhang J, Wang G, Liu J, Zhou F. Sequence-dependent synergistic effect of aumolertinib-pemetrexed combined therapy on EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung carcinoma with pre-clinical and clinical evidence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:163. [PMID: 35501907 PMCID: PMC9063085 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inevitably developed resistance of the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) limited its clinical benefit on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Upfront combination therapy is promising to prevent this resistance. Compelling clinical evidence indicated the failure of third-generation EGFR TKIs combined with either immunotherapy or antiangiogenic agents. In comparison, combined treatment of third-generation EGFR TKIs and chemotherapy might be a favorable choice. Herein, we systematically analyzed and compared the effects of pemetrexed and a novel third-generation EGFR TKI aumolertinib combined in different sequences, subsequently revealed the potential mechanisms and proved the optimal combination schedule with clinical retrospective study. METHODS Three combination schedules involving pemetrexed and aumolertinib in different sequences were developed. Their inhibition effects on cell proliferation and metastasis were firstly compared upon three human NSCLC cell lines in vitro, by cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays respectively. Further evaluation in vivo was proceeded upon H1975 and HCC827 xenograft model. Gene and protein expression were detected by Q-PCR and western blot. Drug concentration was determined by LC-MS/MS. VEGF secretion was determined by ELISA. Tumor vessel was visualized by immunofluorescence. Lastly, a clinical retrospective study was raised with 65 patients' data. RESULTS The combination of pemetrexed and aumolertinib exhibited a sequence-dependent and EGFR mutant-dependent synergistic effect in vitro and in vivo. Only treatment with aumolertinib following pemetrexed (P-A) exhibited synergistic effect with stronger anti-tumor growth and anti-metastasis ability than monotherapy and also other combination sequences. This synergism could exclusively be observed in H1975 and HCC827 but not A549. Pathway analysis showed that P-A significantly enhanced the suppression of EGFR pathway. In addition, our results intriguingly found an obvious reduction of VEGF secretion and the accompanying normalization of the intratumor vessel, consequently increasing intratumoral accumulation of pemetrexed in P-A group. Finally, the clinical retrospective study verified the synergistic effect of P-A combination by significantly superior tumor response than aumolertinib monotherapy. CONCLUSION Aumolertinib-pemetrexed combined therapy is promising for EGFR mutant NSCLC but only in right administration sequence. P-A could become an advantageous combination strategy in clinical with synergistic inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shencun Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Jia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunlong Shan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiali Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Bajbouj K, Al-Ali A, Ramakrishnan RK, Saber-Ayad M, Hamid Q. Histone Modification in NSCLC: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111701. [PMID: 34769131 PMCID: PMC8584007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in both genders, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for about 85% of all lung cancers. At the time of diagnosis, the tumour is usually locally advanced or metastatic, shaping a poor disease outcome. NSCLC includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. Searching for novel therapeutic targets is mandated due to the modest effect of platinum-based therapy as well as the targeted therapies developed in the last decade. The latter is mainly due to the lack of mutation detection in around half of all NSCLC cases. New therapeutic modalities are also required to enhance the effect of immunotherapy in NSCLC. Identifying the molecular signature of NSCLC subtypes, including genetics and epigenetic variation, is crucial for selecting the appropriate therapy or combination of therapies. Epigenetic dysregulation has a key role in the tumourigenicity, tumour heterogeneity, and tumour resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapy. Epigenomic modulation is a potential therapeutic strategy in NSCLC that was suggested a long time ago and recently starting to attract further attention. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the most frequently studied patterns of epigenetic modification. Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDIs), such as vorinostat and panobinostat, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical investigations on NSCLC. However, further research on HDIs in NSCLC is needed to assess their anti-tumour impact. Another modification, histone methylation, is one of the most well recognized patterns of histone modification. It can either promote or inhibit transcription at different gene loci, thus playing a rather complex role in lung cancer. Some histone methylation modifiers have demonstrated altered activities, suggesting their oncogenic or tumour-suppressive roles. In this review, patterns of histone modifications in NSCLC will be discussed, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in tumour progression and metastasis, as well as in developing drug resistance. Then, we will explore the therapeutic targets emerging from studying the NSCLC epigenome, referring to the completed and ongoing clinical trials on those medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.B.); (R.K.R.); (Q.H.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Abeer Al-Ali
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.B.); (R.K.R.); (Q.H.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.B.); (R.K.R.); (Q.H.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11559, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6-505-7219; Fax: +971-5-558-5879
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.B.); (R.K.R.); (Q.H.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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The GCN5: its biological functions and therapeutic potentials. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:231-257. [PMID: 33443284 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
General control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) or lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) is one of the most highly studied histone acetyltransferases. It acts as both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). As an HAT it plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic landscape and chromatin modification. Besides, GCN5 regulates a wide range of biological events such as gene regulation, cellular proliferation, metabolism and inflammation. Imbalance in the GCN5 activity has been reported in many disorders such as cancer, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders and neurological disorders. Therefore, unravelling the role of GCN5 in different diseases progression is a prerequisite for both understanding and developing novel therapeutic agents of these diseases. In this review, we have discussed the structural features, the biological function of GCN5 and the mechanical link with the diseases associated with its imbalance. Moreover, the present GCN5 modulators and their limitations will be presented in a medicinal chemistry perspective.
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Abstract
The epigenetic landscape, which in part includes DNA methylation, chromatin organization, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA regulation, greatly contributes to the heterogeneity that makes developing effective therapies for lung cancer challenging. This review will provide an overview of the epigenetic alterations that have been implicated in all aspects of cancer pathogenesis and progression as well as summarize clinical applications for targeting epigenetics in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Chao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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Antitumor effect of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its main component terpinen-4-ol in combination with target therapy in melanoma models. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:127. [PMID: 34059622 PMCID: PMC8165351 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been recently emerging for their promising biological activities in preventing tumorigenesis or progression of different tumor histotypes, including melanoma. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of a panel of EOs in different tumor models. The ability of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and its main component, terpinen-4-ol, to sensitize the target therapy currently used for melanoma treatment was also assessed. Our results demonstrated that EOs differently affect the viability of human cancer cells and led us to select six EOs effective in melanoma and lung cancer cells, without toxic effects in human fibroblasts. When combined with dabrafenib and/or trametinib, Melaleuca alternifolia synergistically reduced the viability of melanoma cells by activating apoptosis. Through machine learning classification modeling, α-terpineol, tepinolene, and terpinen-4-ol, three components of Melaleuca alternifolia, were identified as the most likely relevant components responsible for the EO's antitumor effect. Among them, terpinen-4-ol was recognized as the Melaleuca alternifolia component responsible for its antitumor and proapoptotic activity. Overall, our study holds promise for further analysis of EOs as new anticancer agents and supports the rationale for their use to improve target therapy response in melanoma.
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12
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Lin CY, Huang KY, Lin YC, Yang SC, Chung WC, Chang YL, Shih JY, Ho CC, Lin CA, Shih CC, Chang YH, Kao SH, Yang PC. Vorinostat combined with brigatinib overcomes acquired resistance in EGFR-C797S-mutated lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 508:76-91. [PMID: 33775711 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved the treatment response in lung adenocarcinomas. However, acquired resistance often occurs due to new epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. In particular, the C797S mutation confers drug resistance to T790M-targeting EGFR TKIs. To address C797S resistance, a promising therapeutic avenue is combination therapy that targets both total EGFR and acquired mutations to increase drug efficacy. We showed that combining vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), with brigatinib, a TKI, enhanced antitumor effects in primary culture and cell lines of lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S mutations (EGFR-3M). While EGFR phosphorylation was decreased by brigatinib, vorinostat reduced total EGFR-3M (L858R/T790M/C797S) proteins through STUB1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. STUB1 preferably ubiquitinated other EGFR mutants and facilitated protein turnover compared to EGFR-WT. The association between EGFR and STUB1 required the functional chaperone-binding domain of STUB1 and was further enhanced by vorinostat. Finally, STUB1 levels modulated EGFR downstream functions. Low STUB1 expression was associated with significantly poorer overall survival than high STUB1 expression in patients harboring mutant EGFR. Vorinostat combined with brigatinib significantly improved EGFR-TKI sensitivity to EGFR C797S by inducing EGFR-dependent cell death and may be a promising therapy in treating C797S-resistant lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Leong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-An Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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13
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Jenke R, Reßing N, Hansen FK, Aigner A, Büch T. Anticancer Therapy with HDAC Inhibitors: Mechanism-Based Combination Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040634. [PMID: 33562653 PMCID: PMC7915831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge of molecular drivers of tumorigenesis has fueled targeted cancer therapies based on specific inhibitors. Beyond "classic" oncogene inhibitors, epigenetic therapy is an emerging field. Epigenetic alterations can occur at any time during cancer progression, altering the structure of the chromatin, the accessibility for transcription factors and thus the transcription of genes. They rely on post-translational histone modifications, particularly the acetylation of histone lysine residues, and are determined by the inverse action of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, HDACs are often aberrantly overexpressed, predominantly leading to the transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are powerful drugs, with some already approved for certain hematological cancers. Albeit HDACis show activity in solid tumors as well, further refinement and the development of novel drugs are needed. This review describes the capability of HDACis to influence various pathways and, based on this knowledge, gives a comprehensive overview of various preclinical and clinical studies on solid tumors. A particular focus is placed on strategies for achieving higher efficacy by combination therapies, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-EGFR inhibitors and hormone- or immunotherapy. This also includes new bifunctional inhibitors as well as novel approaches for HDAC degradation via PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jenke
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Nina Reßing
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Thomas Büch
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
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14
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Novel Approaches to Epigenetic Therapies: From Drug Combinations to Epigenetic Editing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020208. [PMID: 33572577 PMCID: PMC7911730 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development involves both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Aberrant epigenetic modifications are reversible, allowing excellent opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Nowadays, several epigenetic drugs are used worldwide to treat, e.g., myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemias. However, overcoming resistance and widening the therapeutic profiles are the most important challenges faced by traditional epigenetic drugs. Recently, novel approaches to epigenetic therapies have been proposed. Next-generation epigenetic drugs, with longer half-life and better bioavailability, are being developed and tested. Since epigenetic phenomena are interdependent, treatment modalities include co-administration of two different epigenetic drugs. In order to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy, epigenetic drugs are administered prior to chemotherapy, or both epigenetic drug and chemotherapy are used together to achieve synergistic effects and maximize treatment efficacy. The combinations of epigenetic drug with immunotherapy are being tested, because they have proved to enhance antitumor immune responses. The next approach involves targeting the metabolic causes of epigenetic changes, i.e., enzymes which, when mutated, produce oncometabolites. Finally, epigenome editing makes it possible to modify individual chromatin marks at a defined region with unprecedented specificity and efficiency. This review summarizes the above attempts in fulfilling the promise of epigenetic drugs in the effective cancer treatment.
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15
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Collier KA, Valencia H, Newton H, Hade EM, Sborov DW, Cavaliere R, Poi M, Phelps MA, Liva SG, Coss CC, Wang J, Khountham S, Monk P, Shapiro CL, Piekarz R, Hofmeister CC, Welling DB, Mortazavi A. A phase 1 trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2-associated tumors and advanced solid malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:599-611. [PMID: 33492438 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given clinical activity of AR-42, an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, in hematologic malignancies and preclinical activity in solid tumors, this phase 1 trial investigated the safety and tolerability of AR-42 in patients with advanced solid tumors, including neurofibromatosis type 2-associated meningiomas and schwannomas (NF2). The primary objective was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Secondary objectives included determining pharmacokinetics and clinical activity. METHODS This phase I trial was an open-label, single-center, dose-escalation study of single-agent AR-42 in primary central nervous system and advanced solid tumors. The study followed a 3 + 3 design with an expansion cohort at the MTD. RESULTS Seventeen patients were enrolled with NF2 (n = 5), urothelial carcinoma (n = 3), breast cancer (n = 2), non-NF2-related meningioma (n = 2), carcinoma of unknown primary (n = 2), small cell lung cancer (n = 1), Sertoli cell carcinoma (n = 1), and uveal melanoma (n = 1). The recommended phase II dose is 60 mg three times weekly, for 3 weeks of a 28-day cycle. DLTs included grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 4 psychosis. The most common treatment-related adverse events were cytopenias, fatigue, and nausea. The best response was stable disease in 53% of patients (95% CI 26.6-78.7). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6 months (95% CI 1.2-9.1). Among evaluable patients with NF2 or meningioma (n = 5), median PFS was 9.1 months (95% CI 1.9-not reached). CONCLUSION Single-agent AR-42 is safe and well tolerated. Further studies may consider AR-42 in a larger cohort of patients with NF2 or in combination with other agents in advanced solid tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01129193, registered 5/24/2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hugo Valencia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Herbert Newton
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erinn M Hade
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas W Sborov
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert Cavaliere
- Division Neuro-Oncology, Department of Cancer Medicine, Baptist MD Anderson, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ming Poi
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sophia G Liva
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher C Coss
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soun Khountham
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul Monk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles L Shapiro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- National Cancer Institute/Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Division of Hematology, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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16
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Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Bhutia SK. Epigenetic modifications of autophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Wang Q, Liu X. The dual functions of α-tubulin acetylation in cellular apoptosis and autophage induced by tanespimycin in lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:369. [PMID: 32774163 PMCID: PMC7409415 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reversible acetylation of α-tubulin has been implicated in modulating microtuble structures and functions, which may subsequently involve in cellular apoptosis and autophage. But how to trigger apoptosis or autophage at what level of acetylated α-tubulin (Ac-α-tubulin) are not known. This study aims to demonstrate the dual functions and molecular mechanisms of α-tubulin acetylation in cellular apoptosis and autophage induced by tanespimycin in Calu-1 cells simultaneously. Methods Calu-1 cells were treated with tanespimycin alone or combined administrations of different agents (including TSA, Docetaxel, Rapamycin, 3-MA and Z-vad) respectively and cell lysates were prepared to detect the given proteins by Western Blot. The cell survival was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and estimated by SRB assay. HDAC6, TAT1 and Hsp90α/β proteins were knocked down by siRNA technique. Results By combination administration of tanespimycin with TSA or Docetaxel, the expression of Ac-α-tubulin and cellular apoptosis were enhanced markedly. While combination of tanespimycin and Rapamycin, α-tubulin acetylation and apoptosis were inhibited, but LC3B-II expression was facilitated substantially. When tanespimycin was combined with autophage inhibitor 3-MA, α-tubulin acetylation elevation was apparently, but LC3B-II was attenuated. Apoptosis inhibitor Z-vad blocked partially Caspases activation induced by tanespimycin, but failed to hinder α-tubulin acetylation elevation. According to results of RNA interference, acetyltransferase TAT1, deacetylase HDAC6 and Hsp90 modulated the expression level of α-tubulin acetylation. Conclusion We have elucidated that acetylation of α-tubulin induced by tanespimycin has dual functions in cellular apoptosis and autophage and the level of α-tubulin acetylation reaches a degree Calu-1 cells undergo cell apoptosis rather than autophage, implying that the level of acetylated α-tubulin may determine cell fate for survival or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Wang
- Liaocheng University School of Life Sciences, No. 1, Hunan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, 252059 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, 72 Binhai RD, Qingdao, 266237 People's Republic of China
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18
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Quagliano A, Gopalakrishnapillai A, Barwe SP. Understanding the Mechanisms by Which Epigenetic Modifiers Avert Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:992. [PMID: 32670880 PMCID: PMC7326773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics remains one of the core issues preventing the improvement of survival rates in cancer. Therapy resistance can arise in a multitude of ways, including the accumulation of epigenetic alterations in cancer cells. By remodeling DNA methylation patterns or modifying histone proteins during oncogenesis, cancer cells reorient their epigenomic landscapes in order to aggressively resist anti-cancer therapy. To combat these chemoresistant effects, epigenetic modifiers such as DNA hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, histone demethylase inhibitors, along with others have been used. While these modifiers have achieved moderate success when used either alone or in combination with one another, the most positive outcomes were achieved when they were used in conjunction with conventional anti-cancer therapies. Epigenome modifying drugs have succeeded in sensitizing cancer cells to anti-cancer therapy via a variety of mechanisms: disrupting pro-survival/anti-apoptotic signaling, restoring cell cycle control and preventing DNA damage repair, suppressing immune system evasion, regulating altered metabolism, disengaging pro-survival microenvironmental interactions and increasing protein expression for targeted therapies. In this review, we explore different mechanisms by which epigenetic modifiers induce sensitivity to anti-cancer therapies and encourage the further identification of the specific genes involved with sensitization to facilitate development of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Quagliano
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sonali P. Barwe
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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19
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Chihara Y, Iizumi Y, Horinaka M, Watanabe M, Goi W, Morita M, Nishimoto E, Sowa Y, Yamada T, Takayama K, Sakai T. Histone deacetylase inhibitor OBP‑801 and amrubicin synergistically inhibit the growth of squamous cell lung carcinoma by inducing mitochondrial ASK1‑dependent apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:848-856. [PMID: 32124968 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SQCLC) is an aggressive type of lung cancer. In contrast with the marked advances that have been achieved in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, there are currently no effective targeted therapies for SQCLC, for with cytotoxic drugs are still the main treatment strategy. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop novel combination therapies for SQCLC. The results demonstrated that a combined treatment with the potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor OBP‑801 and the third‑generation anthracycline amrubicin synergistically inhibited the viability of SQCLC cell lines by inducing apoptosis signal‑regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)‑dependent, as well as JNK‑ and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK)‑independent apoptosis. OBP‑801 treatment strongly induced the protein expression levels of thioredoxin‑interacting protein (TXNIP), and amrubicin treatment increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which suggested that this combination oxidized and dissociated thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) from mitochondrial ASK1 and activated ASK1. Moreover, mouse xenograft experiments using human H520 SQCLC cells revealed that the co‑treatment potently suppressed tumor growth in vivo. These results suggested that a combined treatment with OBP‑801 and amrubicin may have potential as a therapeutic strategy for SQCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Chihara
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Yosuke Iizumi
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Motoki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Wakana Goi
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Mie Morita
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Emi Nishimoto
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Molecular‑Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
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20
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López-Plana A, Fernández-Nogueira P, Muñoz-Guardiola P, Solé-Sánchez S, Megías-Roda E, Pérez-Montoyo H, Jauregui P, Yeste-Velasco M, Gómez-Ferreria M, Erazo T, Ametller E, Recalde-Percaz L, Moragas-Garcia N, Noguera-Castells A, Mancino M, Morán T, Nadal E, Alfón J, Domènech C, Gascon P, Lizcano JM, Fuster G, Bragado P. The novel proautophagy anticancer drug ABTL0812 potentiates chemotherapy in adenocarcinoma and squamous nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1163-1179. [PMID: 31943158 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Around 40% of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients are Stage IV, where the improvement of survival and reduction of disease-related adverse events is the main goal for oncologists. In this scenario, we present preclinical evidence supporting the use of ABTL0812 in combination with chemotherapy for treating advanced and metastatic Nonsmall cell lung adenocarcinomas (NSCLC) and squamous carcinomas. ABTL0812 is a new chemical entity, currently in Phase 1b/2a clinical trial for advanced squamous NSCLC in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin (P/C), after successfully completing the first-in-human trial where it showed an excellent safety profile and signs of efficacy. We show here that ABTL0812 inhibits Akt/mTOR axis by inducing the overexpression of TRIB3 and activating autophagy in lung squamous carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, treatment with ABTL0812 also induces AMPK activation and ROS accumulation. Moreover, combination of ABTL0812 with chemotherapy markedly increases the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy without increasing toxicity. We further show that combination of ABTL0812 and chemotherapy induces nonapoptotic cell death mediated by TRIB3 activation and autophagy induction. We also present preliminary clinical data indicating that TRIB3 could serve as a potential novel pharmacodynamic biomarker to monitor ABTL0812 activity administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy in squamous NSCLC patients. The safety profile of ABTL0812 and its good synergy with chemotherapy potentiate the therapeutic potential of current lines of treatment based on chemotherapy regimens, arising as a promising option for improving these patients therapeutic expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna López-Plana
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Nogueira
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Muñoz-Guardiola
- Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Ability Pharmaceuticals, SL, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elisabet Megías-Roda
- Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Ability Pharmaceuticals, SL, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Jauregui
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Tatiana Erazo
- Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Ametller
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Recalde-Percaz
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Moragas-Garcia
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mario Mancino
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Morán
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology - Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona-Applied Research Group in Oncology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alfón
- Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Domènech
- Ability Pharmaceuticals, SL, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Gascon
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Lizcano
- Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry & Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic, Vic, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Xu YL, Jiang XM, Zhang LL, Chen X, Huang ZJ, Lu JJ. Establishment and Characterization of Pemetrexed-resistant NCI-H460/PMT Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:731-739. [PMID: 30848214 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190307120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemetrexed (PMT) is a multitargeted antifolate agent that is used for treating patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). However, patients have presented clinical responses of drug resistance to PMT. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of PMT resistance in NSCLC cells. METHODS PMT-resistant NCI-H460/PMT cells were established by treating with PMT in a concentrationescalation manner. MTT assay and colony formation were performed to detect cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Ki-67. Transwell assay was performed to measure cell migration ability. qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of indicated genes. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to knockdown ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and Thymidylate Synthase (TYMS). RESULTS This study showed that compared with the parental cells, the NCI-H460/PMT cells displayed weakened proliferation and enhanced cell mobility. In addition, the NCI-H460/PMT cells demonstrated cellular senescence, which might result in PMT resistance. The NCI-H460/PMT cells exhibited cross-resistance to other chemotherapeutics, including fluorouracil, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide and gemcitabine, possibly because of the upregulated expression of ABCB1. However, the ABCB1 knockdown by siRNA failed to eradicate PMT resistance. Moreover, TYMS, a target of PMT, was obviously upregulated in the resistant cells. The genetic silence of TYMS partially abrogated PMT resistance, suggesting that the overexpression of TYMS was a key resistant mechanism of PMT. CONCLUSION The overexpression of TYMS was an important resistance mechanism of PMT for KRAS-mutated NCI-H460 cells. Cross-resistance to other chemotherapeutics should be considered in addressing PMT resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhang-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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22
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Lin X, Peng Z, Wang X, Zou J, Chen D, Chen Z, Li Z, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. Targeting autophagy potentiates antitumor activity of Met-TKIs against Met-amplified gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 30760701 PMCID: PMC6374362 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Met-TKIs) subjected to ongoing clinical trials are a promising option for Met-amplified gastric cancer (GC), but how to optimize their antitumor activity especially with combination schemes remains unclear. Since autophagy is known to be initiated by Met-TKIs, we investigated its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of Met-TKIs combined with autophagy inhibitors against Met-amplified GC. As expected, four Met-TKIs induced autophagy in Met-amplified GC cells marked by p62 degradation, LC3-II accumulation and increased LC3-positive puncta. Autophagy flux activation by Met-TKIs was further validated with combined lysosomal inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Molecular investigations reveal that autophagy induction along with mTOR and ULK1 de-phosphorylation upon Met-TKI treatment could be relieved by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and mTOR agonist MHY1485 (MHY), suggesting that autophagy was initiated by Met-TKIs via Met/mTOR/ULK1 cascade. Intriguingly, Met-TKIs further suppressed cell survival and tumor growth in the presence of autophagy blockade in Met-amplified GC preclinical models. Thus, these findings indicate Met/mTOR/ULK1 cascade responsible for Met-TKI-mediated autophagy and Met-TKIs combined with autophagy inhibitors as a promising choice to treat Met-amplified GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jianling Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Dongshao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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23
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Lurbinectedin (PM01183), a selective inhibitor of active transcription, effectively eliminates both cancer cells and cancer stem cells in preclinical models of uterine cervical cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:818-827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Autophagy therapeutics: preclinical basis and initial clinical studies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:923-934. [PMID: 30225602 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy captures and degrades intracellular components such as proteins and organelles to sustain metabolism and homeostasis. Rapidly accumulating attention is being paid to the role of autophagy in the development of cancer, which makes autophagy attractive tools and targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Functional studies have confirmed that autophagy dysregulation is causal in many cases of cancer, with autophagy acting as tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, and autophagy inhibitor or promoter has shown promise in preclinical studies. The autophagy-targeted therapeutics using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine have reached clinical development for treating cancer, but these drugs are actually not efficient probably because of a reduced penetration within the tumor. In this review, we first discuss the discoveries related to dual function of autophagy in cancer. Then, we provide an overview of preclinical studies and clinical trials involved in the development of autophagy therapeutics and finally discuss the future of such therapies.
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25
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Gao L, Sun X, Zhang Q, Chen X, Zhao T, Lu L, Zhang J, Hong Y. Histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine synergistically exert anti-tumor activity in H-ras transformed breast epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4345-4350. [PMID: 29344672 PMCID: PMC5802205 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) cause oncogene‑transformed mammalian cell death. Our previous study indicated that HDACIs activate forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and induce autophagy in liver and colon cancer cells. However, whether FOXO1 is involved in HDACI‑mediated oncogene‑transformed mammalian cell death remains unclear. In the present study, H‑ras transformed MCF10A cells were used to investigate the role of FOXO1 in this pathway. Results showed that trichostatin A (TSA), a HDACI, activated apoptosis in MCF10A‑ras cells, but not in MCF10A cells. Furthermore, TSA activated FOXO1 via P21 upregulation, whereas the knockdown of FOXO1 reduced TSA‑induced cell death. In addition, TSA induced autophagy in MCF10A and MCF10A‑ras cells by blocking the mammailian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition lead to higher MCF10A‑ras cell death by TSA, thus indicating that autophagy is essential in cell survival. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that TSA causes oncogene‑transformed cell apoptosis via activation of FOXO1 and HDACI‑mediated autophagy induction, which served as important cell survival mechanisms. Notably, the present findings imply that a combination of HDACIs and autophagy inhibitors produce a synergistic anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tongwei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Lu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Hong
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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26
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 leads to apoptosis and enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity in preclinical models of human sarcoma. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:20. [PMID: 29472530 PMCID: PMC5833676 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare tumors with generally poor prognosis, for which current therapies have shown limited efficacy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are emerging anti-tumor agents; however, little is known about their effect in sarcomas. By using established and patient-derived sarcoma cells with different subtypes, we showed that the pan-HDACi, ITF2357, potently inhibited in vitro survival in a p53-independent manner. ITF2357-mediated cell death implied the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis, as attested by induction of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins and a caspases-dependent mechanism. ITF2357 also induced autophagy, which protected sarcoma cells from apoptotic cell death. ITF2357 activated forkhead box (FOXO) 1 and 3a transcription factors and their downstream target genes, however, silencing of both FOXO1 and 3a did not protect sarcoma cells against ITF2357-induced apoptosis and upregulated FOXO4 and 6. Notably, ITF2357 synergized with Doxorubicin to induce cell death of established and patient-derived sarcoma cells. Furthermore, combination treatment strongly impaired xenograft tumor growth in vivo, when compared to single treatments, suggesting that combination of ITF2357 with Doxorubicin has the potential to enhance sensitization in different preclinical models of sarcoma. Overall, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of ITF2357, alone or in rational combination therapies, for bone and soft tissue sarcomas management.
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27
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Gene and MicroRNA Perturbations of Cellular Response to Pemetrexed Implicate Biological Networks and Enable Imputation of Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:733. [PMID: 29335598 PMCID: PMC5768793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed is indicated for non-small cell lung carcinoma and mesothelioma, but often has limited efficacy due to drug resistance. To probe the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapeutic response, we performed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of pemetrexed treated and untreated lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and applied a hierarchical Bayesian method. We identified genetic variation associated with gene expression in human lung tissue for the most significant differentially expressed genes (Benjamini-Hochberg [BH] adjusted p < 0.05) using the Genotype-Tissue Expression data and found evidence for their clinical relevance using integrated molecular profiling and lung adenocarcinoma survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We identified 39 miRNAs with significant differential expression (BH adjusted p < 0.05) in LCLs. We developed a gene expression based imputation model of drug sensitivity, quantified its prediction performance, and found a significant correlation of the imputed phenotype generated from expression data with survival time in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Differentially expressed genes (MTHFD2 and SUFU) that are putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs also showed differential perturbation in A549 fusion lung tumor cells with further replication in A549 cells. Our study suggests pemetrexed may be used in combination with agents that target miRNAs to increase its cytotoxicity.
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28
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Di Martile M, Desideri M, De Luca T, Gabellini C, Buglioni S, Eramo A, Sette G, Milella M, Rotili D, Mai A, Carradori S, Secci D, De Maria R, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. Histone acetyltransferase inhibitor CPTH6 preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11332-48. [PMID: 26870991 PMCID: PMC4905477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, therapeutic failure and tumor relapse. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the thiazole derivative 3-methylcyclopentylidene-[4-(4′-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone (CPTH6), a novel pCAF and Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, as a small molecule that preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Notably, although CPTH6 inhibits the growth of both LCSC and NSCLC cell lines, LCSCs exhibit greater growth inhibition than established NSCLC cells. Growth inhibitory effect of CPTH6 in LCSC lines is primarily due to apoptosis induction. Of note, differentiated progeny of LCSC lines is more resistant to CPTH6 in terms of loss of cell viability and reduction of protein acetylation, when compared to their undifferentiated counterparts. Interestingly, in LCSC lines CPTH6 treatment is also associated with a reduction of stemness markers. By using different HAT inhibitors we provide clear evidence that inhibition of HAT confers a strong preferential inhibitory effect on cell viability of undifferentiated LCSC lines when compared to their differentiated progeny. In vivo, CPTH6 is able to inhibit the growth of LCSC-derived xenografts and to reduce cancer stem cell content in treated tumors, as evidenced by marked reduction of tumor-initiating capacity in limiting dilution assays. Strikingly, the ability of CPTH6 to inhibit tubulin acetylation is also confirmed in vivo. Overall, our studies propose histone acetyltransferase inhibition as an attractive target for cancer therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa De Luca
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sette
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Director, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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29
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Mari-Alexandre J, Diaz-Lagares A, Villalba M, Juan O, Crujeiras AB, Calvo A, Sandoval J. Translating cancer epigenomics into the clinic: focus on lung cancer. Transl Res 2017. [PMID: 28644958 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is increasingly being recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Recent studies have identified many new epigenetic biomarkers, some of which are being introduced into clinical practice for diagnosis, molecular classification, prognosis or prediction of response to therapies. O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene is the most clinically advanced epigenetic biomarker as it predicts the response to temozolomide and carmustine in gliomas. Therefore, epigenomics may represent a novel and promising tool for precision medicine, and in particular, the detection of epigenomic biomarkers in liquid biopsies will be of great interest for monitoring diseases in patients. Of particular relevance is the identification of epigenetic biomarkers in lung cancer, one of the most prevalent and deadly types of cancer. DNA methylation of SHOX2 and RASSF1A could be used as diagnostic markers to differentiate between normal and tumor samples. MicroRNA and long noncoding RNA signatures associated with lung cancer development or tobacco smoke have also been identified. In addition to the field of biomarkers, therapeutic approaches using DNA methylation and histone deacetylation inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials for several cancer types. Moreover, new DNA editing techniques based on zinc finger and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies allow specific modification of aberrant methylation found in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. We envision that epigenomics will translate into the clinical field and will have an impact on lung cancer diagnosis/prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mari-Alexandre
- Unit of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Sudden Death and Mechanisms of Disease, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Villalba
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBERONC, IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit. Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBERONC, IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit. Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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30
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Chen H, Wang Y, Lin C, Lu C, Han R, Jiao L, Li L, He Y. Vorinostat and metformin sensitize EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cells via BIM-dependent apoptosis induction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93825-93838. [PMID: 29212192 PMCID: PMC5706838 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between low expression of BIM and resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). Vorinostat is a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that augments BIM expression in various types of tumor cells, however, this effect is attenuated by the high expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in EGFR-TKI resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Vorinostat in combination with metformin - a compound that can inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins expression, might cooperate to activate apoptotic signaling and overcome EGFR-TKI resistance. This study aimed to investigate the cooperative effect and evaluate possible molecular mechanisms. The results showed that vorinostat combined with gefitinib augmented BIM expression and increased the sensitivity of EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cells to gefitinib, adding metformin simultaneously could obviously inhibit the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, and further increased expression levels of BIM and BAX, and as a result, further improved the sensitivity of gefitinib both on the NSCLC cells with intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI. In addition, autophagy induced by gefitinib and vorinostat could be significantly suppressed by metformin, which might also contribute to enhance apoptosis and improve sensitivity of gefitinib. These results suggested that the combination of vorinostat and metformin might represent a novel strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance associated with BIM-dependent apoptosis in larger heterogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Gambogic acid improves non-small cell lung cancer progression by inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:543-549. [PMID: 29050671 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) has been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and enhance reactive oxygen species accumulation. However, whether GA could improve multidrug resistance through modulating autophagy has never been explored. We demonstrated that the combination of GA and cisplatin (CDDP) resulted in a stronger growth inhibition effect on A549 and NCI-H460 cells using the MTT assay. Furthermore, treatment with GA significantly increased autophagy in these cells. More importantly, GA-induced cell death could be largely abolished by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) treatment, suggesting that GA-induced cell death was dependent on autophagy. Western blot analysis showed that GA treatment suppressed the activation of Akt, mTOR, and S6. In addition, using a GA and rapamycin combination induced more cell death compared to either GA or rapamycin alone. In summary, GA may have utility as an adjunct therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients through autophagy-dependent cell death, even when cancer cells have developed resistance to apoptosis.
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32
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Li Y, Atkinson K, Zhang T. Combination of chemotherapy and cancer stem cell targeting agents: Preclinical and clinical studies. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:103-109. [PMID: 28300634 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model claims that the initiation, maintenance, and growth of a tumor are driven by a small population of cancer cells termed cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells possess a variety of phenotypes associated with therapeutic resistance and often cause recurrence of the diseases. Several strategies have been investigated to target cancer stem cells in a variety of cancers, such as blocking one or more self-renewal signaling pathways, reducing the expression of drug efflux and ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters, modulating epigenetic aberrations, and promoting cancer stem cell differentiation. A number of cell and animal studies strongly support the potential benefits of combining chemotherapeutic drugs with cancer stem cell targeting agents. Clinical trials are still underway to address the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of combination treatment. This mini-review provides an updated discussion of these preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- College of Science and Humanities, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME, 04401, USA.
| | - Katharine Atkinson
- College of Science and Humanities, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME, 04401, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME, 04401, USA
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Schiffmann I, Greve G, Jung M, Lübbert M. Epigenetic therapy approaches in non-small cell lung cancer: Update and perspectives. Epigenetics 2016; 11:858-870. [PMID: 27846368 PMCID: PMC5193491 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1237345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still constitutes the most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. All efforts to introduce suitable treatment options using chemotherapeutics or targeted therapies have, up to this point, failed to exhibit a substantial effect on the 5-year-survival rate. The involvement of epigenetic alterations in the evolution of different cancers has led to the development of epigenetics-based therapies, mainly targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone-modifying enzymes. So far, their greatest success stories have been registered in hematologic neoplasias. As the effects of epigenetic single agent treatment of solid tumors have been limited, the investigative focus now lies on combination therapies of epigenetically active agents with conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or kinase inhibitors. This review includes a short overview of the most important preclinical approaches as well as an extensive discussion of clinical trials using epigenetic combination therapies in NSCLC, including ongoing trials. Thus, we are providing an overview of what lies ahead in the field of epigenetic combinatory therapies of NSCLC in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Schiffmann
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Greve
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
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Angeletti F, Fossati G, Pattarozzi A, Würth R, Solari A, Daga A, Masiello I, Barbieri F, Florio T, Comincini S. Inhibition of the Autophagy Pathway Synergistically Potentiates the Cytotoxic Activity of Givinostat (ITF2357) on Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:107. [PMID: 27833530 PMCID: PMC5081386 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlighted the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the development of tumor resistance to therapy, particularly in glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, the development of new therapies, specifically directed against GBM CSCs, constitutes an important research avenue. Considering the extended range of cancer-related pathways modulated by histone acetylation/deacetylation processes, we studied the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic efficacy of givinostat (GVS), a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, on cell cultures enriched in CSCs, isolated from nine human GBMs. We report that GVS induced a significant reduction of viability and self-renewal ability in all GBM CSC cultures; conversely, GVS exposure did not cause a significant cytotoxic activity toward differentiated GBM cells and normal mesenchymal human stem cells. Analyzing the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, we demonstrated that GVS affected CSC viability through the activation of programmed cell death pathways. In particular, a marked stimulation of macroautophagy was observed after GVS treatment. To understand the functional link between GVS treatment and autophagy activation, different genetic and pharmacological interfering strategies were used. We show that the up-regulation of the autophagy process, obtained by deprivation of growth factors, induced a reduction of CSC sensitivity to GVS, while the pharmacological inhibition of the autophagy pathway and the silencing of the key autophagy gene ATG7, increased the cell death rate induced by GVS. Altogether these findings suggest that autophagy represents a pro-survival mechanism activated by GBM CSCs to counteract the efficacy of the anti-proliferative activity of GVS. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GVS is a novel pharmacological tool able to target GBM CSC viability and its efficacy can be enhanced by autophagy inhibitory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Fossati
- Preclinical Research Department Italfarmaco Research Center, Italfarmaco S.p.A Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Würth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Agnese Solari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Masiello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Dorn P, Tièche CC, Peng RW, Froment L, Schmid RA, Marti TM. Schedule-dependent increased efficiency of pemetrexed-ionizing radiation combination therapy elicits a differential DNA damage response in lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:66. [PMID: 27594806 PMCID: PMC5010745 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer causes the most cancer deaths worldwide, thus there is a urgent need to develop new treatment options. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has become a common strategy for the treatment of non-resectable solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer. Pemetrexed is a folic acid antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of precursor nucleotides, whereas ionizing radiation induces DNA damage, the repair of which is dependent on sufficiently high nucleotide levels. In the clinical setting, the pemetrexed-ionizing radiation combination therapy is administered concomitantly. We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent irradiation. METHODS Non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were treated with 1 µM pemetrexed for 72 h. In addition, cells were exposed to five gray ionizing radiation either 1, 48 or 71 h after the initiation of the pemetrexed treatment. Cell growth, senescence induction, cell cycle distribution and DNA damage marker accumulation were analysed at different time points during the treatment and the recovery phase. RESULTS Stand-alone treatments of five gray ionizing radiation and 1 µM pemetrexed resulted in an intermediate cell growth inhibition of A549 cells and were therefore applied as the combination regimen. Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 71 h resulted in a significant S-phase accumulation. Irradiation and prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment maximally delayed long term cell growth. Additionally, senescence was augmented and recovery from treatment-induced DNA damage was most prominently delayed by prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with pemetrexed increases anticancer efficiency of pemetrexed-ionizing radiation combination therapy, which correlates with a persistence of treatment-induced DNA damage. Therefore, this study warrants further investigations to elucidate whether a similar adaptation to the standard treatment regimen could enhance the effectiveness of the non-small cell lung cancer clinical treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dorn
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin Charles Tièche
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurène Froment
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hwang KE, Kim YS, Jung JW, Kwon SJ, Park DS, Cha BK, Oh SH, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR. Inhibition of autophagy potentiates pemetrexed and simvastatin-induced apoptotic cell death in malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29482-96. [PMID: 26334320 PMCID: PMC4745741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed, a multitarget antifolate used to treat malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has been shown to stimulate autophagy. In this study, we determined whether autophagy could be induced by pemetrexed and simvastatin cotreatment in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we determined whether inhibition of autophagy drives apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. Malignant mesothelioma MSTO-211H and A549 NSCLC cells were treated with pemetrexed and simvastatin alone and in combination to evaluate their effect on autophagy and apoptosis. Cotreatment with pemetrexed and simvastatin induced greater caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy than either drug alone in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), ATG5 siRNA, bafilomycin A, and E64D/pepstatin A enhanced the apoptotic potential of pemetrexed and simvastatin, whereas rapamycin and LY294002 attenuated their induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Our data indicate that pemetrexed and simvastatin cotreatment augmented apoptosis and autophagy in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. Inhibition of pemetrexed and simvastatin-induced autophagy was shown to enhance apoptosis, suggesting that this could be a novel therapeutic strategy against malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Byong-Ki Cha
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Oh
- Department of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Seosuk-dong, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Taik Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Chen SY, Zheng XW, Cai JX, Zhang WP, You HS, Xing JF, Dong YL. Histone deacetylase inhibitor reverses multidrug resistance by attenuating the nucleophosmin level through PI3K/Akt pathway in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:294-304. [PMID: 27211281 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major obstacle in the chemotherapy of breast cancer, and it restricts the application of antitumor drugs in the clinic. Therefore it is urgent to search for ways to reverse MDR and restore sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in breast carcinoma. Currently, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) offer a promising strategy for tumor therapy as the effective anticancer drugs. Based on the potential resistant target of nucleophosmin (NPM), the purpose of this study was to explore the reversal effect of a new synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor, FA17, on MDR in methotrexate-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/MTX) and xenograft tumors. It was shown that the abnormal expression of NPM induced MDR and inhibited downstream mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MCF-7/MTX cells. The reversal effect and molecular mechanism of FA17 were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. We found that FA17 could significantly reverse resistance and sensitize MCF-7/MTX cells to methotrexate. FA17 obviously enhanced resistant cell apoptosis, inhibited expressions of NPM and efflux transporters. Additionally, FA17 could reverse MDR via inactivating PI3K/Akt pathway and accelerating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway both in MCF-7/MTX cells and in xenograft tumors. Taken together, the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor could effectively reverse drug resistance due to suppressing the activity of NPM and drug efflux pumps by PI3K/Akt and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The above not only indicated the potential applied value of FA17 in reversing MDR and enhancing the sensitivity of chemotherapy, but also confirmed the role of NPM in the development of MDR in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Xia Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Sheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Ji J, Yang Y, Zhang J, Shen L. Stathmin1 increases radioresistance by enhancing autophagy in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2565-74. [PMID: 27199567 PMCID: PMC4857807 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance has been demonstrated to be involved in the poor prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Investigation on special therapeutic targets associated with radioresistance shows promises for the enhancement of clinical radiotherapy effect toward NSCLC. This study aimed to reveal the role of Stathmin1 (STMN1) in radioresistance in NSCLC as well as the underlying mechanism. Our data showed that the protein levels of STMN1 were significantly upregulated in NSCLC cells subjected to radiation, accompanied with the activation of autophagy. Knockdown of STMN1 expression enhanced the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to X-ray, and the radiation-induced autophagy was also inhibited. Molecular mechanism investigation showed that knockdown of STMN1 expression upregulated the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in NSCLC cells. Moreover, the activation of PI3K/mTOR signaling showed an inhibitory effect on the autophagy and radioresistance induced by STMN1 in NSCLC cells. In addition, luciferase reporter assay data indicated that STMN1 was a direct target gene of miR-101, which had been reported to be an inhibitor of autophagy. Based on these data, we suggest that as a target gene of miR-101, STMN1 promotes the radioresistance by induction of autophagy through PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC. Therefore, STMN1 may become a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfen Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Oncology, 163 Hospital of PLA, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Changes in 30K protein synthesis during delayed degeneration of the silk gland by a caspase-dependent pathway in a Bombyx (silkworm) mutant. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:689-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Tièche CC, Peng RW, Dorn P, Froment L, Schmid RA, Marti TM. Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment augments persistence of cisplatin-induced DNA damage and eliminates resistant lung cancer stem-like cells associated with EMT. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:125. [PMID: 26895954 PMCID: PMC4759918 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85 % of all lung cancers, with the current standard regimen of care for NSCLC including chemotherapy with pemetrexed as a single agent or in combination with platinum-based agents, e.g. cisplatin. Pemetrexed is a folic acid antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of precursor nucleotides, whereas cisplatin directly induces DNA adducts, the repair of which is dependent on sufficiently high nucleotide levels. In the clinical setting, the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination therapy is administered concomitantly. We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent treatment with cisplatin. Methods NSCLC A549 and H460 cells were treated with pemetrexed for 72 h. In addition, 24 h of cisplatin treatment was initiated at day 1, 2 or 3 resulting in either simultaneous pemetrexed application or pemetrexed pretreatment for 24 or 48 h, respectively. Cell growth and colony formation as well as senescence induction were quantified after treatment. Cell cycle distribution and phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX as a surrogate marker for DNA damage was quantified by flow cytometry. Relative changes in gene expression were determined by quantitative real time PCR. Results Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 48 h prior to cisplatin treatment maximally delayed long-term cell growth and significantly reduced the number of recovering clones. Moreover, apoptosis and senescence were augmented and recovery from treatment-induced DNA damage was delayed. Interestingly, a cell population was identified that displayed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and which had a stem cell phenotype. This population was highly resistant to concomitant pemetrexed-cisplatin treatment but was sensitized by pemetrexed pretreatment. Conclusions Adaptation of the standard treatment schedule to include pretreatment with pemetrexed optimizes the anticancer efficiency of pemetrexed-cisplatin combination therapy, which correlates with a persistence of treatment-induced DNA damage. Therefore, this study warrants further investigations to elucidate whether such an adaptation could enhance the effectiveness of the standard clinical treatment regimen. In addition, a subpopulation of therapy resistant cells with EMT and cancer stem cell features was identified that was resistant to the standard treatment regimen but sensitive to pemetrexed pretreatment combined with cisplatin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2117-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Charles Tièche
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Laurène Froment
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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Mukhopadhyay S, Sinha N, Das DN, Panda PK, Naik PP, Bhutia SK. Clinical relevance of autophagic therapy in cancer: Investigating the current trends, challenges, and future prospects. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:228-52. [PMID: 26743568 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1135103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncophagy (cancer-related autophagy) has a complex dual character at different stages of tumor progression. It remains an important clinical problem to unravel the reasons that propel the shift in the role of oncophagy from tumor inhibition to a protective mechanism that shields full-blown malignancy. Most treatment strategies emphasize curbing protective oncophagy while triggering the oncophagy that is lethal to tumor cells. In this review, we focus on the trends in current therapeutics as well as various challenges in clinical trials to address the oncophagic dilemma and evaluate the potential of these developing therapies. A detailed analysis of the clinical and pre-clinical scenario of the anticancer medicines highlights the various inducers and inhibitors of autophagy. The ways in which tumor stage, the microenvironment and combination drug treatment continue to play an important tactical role are discussed. Moreover, autophagy targets also play a crucial role in developing the best possible solution to this oncophagy paradox. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on the current clinical impact of autophagy-based cancer therapeutic drugs and try to lessen the gap between translational medicine and clinical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- a Department of Life Science , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- a Department of Life Science , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India
| | - Durgesh Nandini Das
- a Department of Life Science , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India
| | - Prashanta Kumar Panda
- a Department of Life Science , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India
| | - Prajna Paramita Naik
- a Department of Life Science , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- a Department of Life Science , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India
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Lim RR, Tan A, Liu YC, Barathi VA, Mohan RR, Mehta JS, Chaurasia SS. ITF2357 transactivates Id3 and regulate TGFβ/BMP7 signaling pathways to attenuate corneal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20841. [PMID: 26865052 PMCID: PMC4750002 DOI: 10.1038/srep20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal fibrosis is often seen in patients with ocular trauma and infection that compromises corneal transparency resulting in vision loss. Treatment strategies including NSAIDs, steroids, MMC and corneal transplants have shown tremendous success but with several side effects and cellular toxicity. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to inhibit corneal fibrosis via TGFβ signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated safety, efficacy and mechanism of action of a HDACi, ITF2357 in TGFβ-stimulated in vitro primary human cornea stromal fibroblasts (pHCSFs) and in vivo in a photorefractive keratectomy-treated rabbit model of corneal fibrosis. We found that in vivo ITF2357 decreased collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, integrin αVβ3 expression with a reduction in corneal haze. In addition, ITF2357 reduced myofibroblast formation, suppressed phosphorylation of Smad proteins in TGFβ pathway and inhibited key responsive protein, P4HA1 involved in pro-collagen synthesis. Treatment of pHCSFs with ITF2357 activated BMP7 levels and expressed all the members of inhibitor of differentiation proteins (Id1-Id4), however, it failed to rescue TGFβ-driven transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in the presence of siRNA specific to Id3. We conclude that ITF2357 is a potential anti-fibrotic drug that exerts its action via activation of Id3, a downstream target of TGFβ/BMP7 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne R. Lim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Alison Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, Biopolis, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
| | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, Biopolis, Singapore
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He W, Ye X, Huang X, Lel W, You L, Wang L, Chen X, Qian W. Hsp90 inhibitor, BIIB021, induces apoptosis and autophagy by regulating mTOR-Ulk1 pathway in imatinib-sensitive and -resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1710-20. [PMID: 26892093 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of drug resistance due to BCR-ABL point mutations and the persistence of leukemia initiating cells has become a major obstacle for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The BCR-ABL protein is an important client protein of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). BIIB021, an orally available Hsp90 inhibitor, has activity against various cancer cells. However, little is known about the inhibitory effect of BIIB021 on CML cells. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of BIIB021 on K562, K562/G (an imatinib-resistant cell lines), as well as 32D mouse leukemic cells expressing wild-type BCR-ABL (b3a2, 32Dp210) and T315I mutant BCR-ABL (32Dp210-T315I) cells. Our data showed that BIIB021 induced significant growth inhibition and apoptosis that was predominantly mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. BIIB021 also resulted in proteasomal degradation of BCR-ABL proteins. In addition to induction of apoptosis, we report for the first time that BIIB021 induced autophagic response as evidenced by the formation of autophagosome, increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II, decreased p62 (SQSTM1) protein levels. Further study suggested that Akt-mTOR-Ulk1 signaling pathway was involved in BIIB021-triggered autophagy. Moreover, blocking autophagy using pharmacological inhibitor 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1 significantly enhanced cell death and apoptosis induced by BIIB021, indicating the cytoprotective role of autophagy in BIIB021-treated CML cells. Collectively, these data provide possible molecular mechanisms for the antileukemic effect of BIIB021 on imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells and provide new insights into the future application of BIIB021 in the clinical treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lel
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liangshun You
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Dvorakova M, Vanek T. Histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer stem cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00297h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors are a promising group of epigenetic drugs that show the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies
- Institute of Experimental Botany
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - T. Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies
- Institute of Experimental Botany
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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Potential anti-cancer effect of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA), a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, for the treatment of thyroid cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1003. [PMID: 26698299 PMCID: PMC4690331 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer has been indicated to have a higher global proportion of DNA methylation and a decreased level of histone acetylation. Previous studies showed that histone gene reviser and epigenetic changes role significant parts in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer tumorigenesis. The goal of this research was to study the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated actions of the dominant histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) hepatonomide (HNHA), in thyroid cancer and to explore its effects on apoptotic cell death pathways. Methods Experiments were achieved to conclude the effects of HNHA in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines and xenografts, as compared with two other established HDAC inhibitors (SAHA; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and TSA; trichostatin A). Results Apoptosis, which was induced by all HDAC inhibitors, was particularly significant in HNHA-treated cells, where noticeable B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) suppression and caspase activation were observed both in vitro and in vivo. HNHA increased Ca2+ release from the ER to the cytoplasm. ER stress-dependent apoptosis was induced by HNHA, suggesting that it induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in PTC and ATC. PTC and ATC xenograft studies demonstrated that the antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of HNHA were greater than those of the established HDAC inhibitors. These HNHA activities reflected its induction of caspase-dependent and ER stress-dependent apoptosis on thyroid cancer cells. Conclusions The present study indicated that HNHA possibly provide a new clinical approach to thyroid cancers, including ATC.
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Lyakhovich A, Lleonart ME. Bypassing Mechanisms of Mitochondria-Mediated Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Chemo- and Radiotherapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:1716341. [PMID: 26697128 PMCID: PMC4677234 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1716341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapeutic regimes. Therefore, the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer is most likely due to the resistance of CSCs. Such resistance can be attributed to some bypassing pathways including detoxification mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RO/NS) formation or enhanced autophagy. Unlike in normal cells, where RO/NS concentration is maintained at certain threshold required for signal transduction or immune response mechanisms, CSCs may develop alternative pathways to diminish RO/NS levels leading to cancer survival. In this minireview, we will focus on elaborated mechanisms developed by CSCs to attenuate high RO/NS levels. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of stem cell resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy may lead to new therapeutic targets thus serving for better anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lyakhovich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Targeting Chromatin-Mediated Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy: Preclinical Rationale and Clinical Results. Drugs 2015; 75:1757-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Zhang L, Tong X, Li J, Huang Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Huang J, Wang J, Liu B. Apoptotic and autophagic pathways with relevant small-molecule compounds, in cancer stem cells. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:385-97. [PMID: 26013704 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are suspected of contributing to cancer cell self-renewal capacity and resistance to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Including evasion of apoptosis and autophagic cell death, CSCs have revealed abilities to resist cell death, making them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Recently, molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and of autophagy in CSCs have been gradually explored, comparing them in stem cells and in cancer cells; distinct expression of these systems in CSCs may elucidate how these cells exert their capacity of unlimited self-renewal and hierarchical differentiation. Due to their proposed ability to drive tumour initiation and progression, CSCs may be considered to be potentially useful pharmacological targets. Further, multiple compounds have been verified as triggering apoptosis and/or autophagy, suppressing tumour growth, thus providing new strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in CSCs to elucidate how key proteins participate in control of survival and death; in addition, currently well-studied compounds that target CSC apoptosis and autophagy are selectively presented. With increasing attention to CSCs in cancer therapy, researchers are now trying to find responses to unsolved questions as unambiguous as possible, which may provide novel insight into future anti-cancer regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xupeng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Zwergel C, Valente S, Jacob C, Mai A. Emerging approaches for histone deacetylase inhibitor drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:599-613. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1038236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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