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Dyer MS, Odierna GL, Clark RM, Woodhouse A, Blizzard CA. Synaptic remodeling follows upper motor neuron hyperexcitability in a rodent model of TDP-43. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1274979. [PMID: 37941604 PMCID: PMC10628445 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1274979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease characterized by relentlessly progressive degeneration of the corticomotor system. Cortical hyperexcitability has been identified as an early pre-symptomatic biomarker of ALS. This suggests that hyperexcitability occurs upstream in the ALS pathological cascade and may even be part of the mechanism that drives development of symptoms or loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. However, many studies also indicate a loss to the synaptic machinery that mediates synaptic input which raises the question of which is the driver of disease, and which is a homeostatic response. Herein, we used an inducible mouse model of TDP-43 mediated ALS that permits for the construction of detailed phenotypic timelines. Our work comprehensively describes the relationship between intrinsic hyperexcitability and altered synaptic input onto motor cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons over time. As a result, we have constructed the most complete timeline of electrophysiological changes following induction of TDP-43 dysfunction in the motor cortex. We report that intrinsic hyperexcitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons precedes changes to excitatory synaptic connections, which manifest as an overall loss of inputs onto layer 5 pyramidal neurons. This finding highlights the importance of hyperexcitability as a primary mechanism of ALS and re-contextualizes synaptic changes as possibly representing secondary adaptive responses. Recognition of the relationship between intrinsic hyperexcitability and reduced excitatory synaptic input has important implications for the development of useful therapies against ALS. Novel strategies will need to be developed that target neuronal output by managing excitability against synapses separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus S. Dyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Lorenzo Odierna
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rosemary M. Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Adele Woodhouse
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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2
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Kreis A, Issa F, Yerna X, Jabbour C, Schakman O, de Clippele M, Tajeddine N, Pierrot N, Octave JN, Gualdani R, Gailly P. Conditional deletion of KCC2 impairs synaptic plasticity and both spatial and nonspatial memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1081657. [PMID: 37168681 PMCID: PMC10164999 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic inhibition through GABAA receptors (GABAAR) relies on two mechanisms, a shunting effect due to an increase in the postsynaptic membrane conductance and, in mature neurons, a hyperpolarization effect due to an entry of chloride into postsynaptic neurons. The second effect requires the action of the K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 which extrudes Cl- from the cell and maintains its cytosolic concentration very low. Neuronal chloride equilibrium seems to be dysregulated in several neurological and psychiatric conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, schizophrenia, Down syndrome, or Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we used the KCC2 Cre-lox knockdown system to investigate the role of KCC2 in synaptic plasticity and memory formation in adult mice. Tamoxifen-induced conditional deletion of KCC2 in glutamatergic neurons of the forebrain was performed at 3 months of age and resulted in spatial and nonspatial learning impairment. On brain slices, the stimulation of Schaffer collaterals by a theta burst induced long-term potentiation (LTP). The lack of KCC2 did not affect potentiation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) measured in the stratum radiatum (dendrites) but increased population spike (PS) amplitudes measured in the CA1 somatic layer, suggesting a reinforcement of the EPSP-PS potentiation, i.e., an increased ability of EPSPs to generate action potentials. At the cellular level, KCC2 deletion induced a positive shift in the reversal potential of GABAAR-driven Cl- currents (EGABA), suggesting an intracellular accumulation of chloride subsequent to the downregulation of KCC2. After treatment with bumetanide, an antagonist of the Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, spatial memory impairment, chloride accumulation, and EPSP-PS potentiation were rescued in mice lacking KCC2. The presented results emphasize the importance of chloride equilibrium and GABA-inhibiting ability in synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
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Meinhardt MW, Pfarr S, Fouquet G, Rohleder C, Meinhardt ML, Barroso-Flores J, Hoffmann R, Jeanblanc J, Paul E, Wagner K, Hansson AC, Köhr G, Meier N, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Bell RL, Endepols H, Neumaier B, Schönig K, Bartsch D, Naassila M, Spanagel R, Sommer WH. Psilocybin targets a common molecular mechanism for cognitive impairment and increased craving in alcoholism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2399. [PMID: 34788104 PMCID: PMC8598005 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-dependent patients commonly show impairments in executive functions that facilitate craving and can lead to relapse. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to executive dysfunction in alcoholism are poorly understood, and new effective pharmacological treatments are desired. Here, using a bidirectional neuromodulation approach, we demonstrate a causal link between reduced prefrontal mGluR2 function and both impaired executive control and alcohol craving. A neuron-specific prefrontal mGluR2 knockdown in rats generated a phenotype of reduced cognitive flexibility and excessive alcohol seeking. Conversely, virally restoring prefrontal mGluR2 levels in alcohol-dependent rats rescued these pathological behaviors. In the search for a pharmacological intervention with high translational potential, psilocybin was capable of restoring mGluR2 expression and reducing relapse behavior. Last, we propose a FDG-PET biomarker strategy to identify mGluR2 treatment-responsive individuals. In conclusion, we identified a common molecular pathological mechanism for both executive dysfunction and alcohol craving and provided a personalized mGluR2 mechanism-based intervention strategy for medication development for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W. Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M.W.M.); (W.H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Simone Pfarr
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Grégory Fouquet
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, INSERM UMRS, 1247 Amiens, France
| | - Cathrin Rohleder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Multimodal Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuela L. Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janet Barroso-Flores
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hoffmann
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jérôme Jeanblanc
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, INSERM UMRS, 1247 Amiens, France
| | - Elisabeth Paul
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Konstantin Wagner
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anita C. Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georg Köhr
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nils Meier
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Richard L. Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Multimodal Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kai Schönig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mickaël Naassila
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, INSERM UMRS, 1247 Amiens, France
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M.W.M.); (W.H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Wolfgang H. Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M.W.M.); (W.H.S.); (R.S.)
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Wang X, Zou Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Pan L, Wang Y, Liu M, Yin C, Wu J, Yang C, Zhang L, Li C, Huang Z, Wang D, Qian J, Ge J, Zou Y, Gong H. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 regulates cardiomyocyte-derived paracrine signaling to ameliorate cardiac fibrosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1249-1268. [PMID: 33391533 PMCID: PMC7738902 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Maladaptive cardiac remodeling is a critical step in the progression of heart failure. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a co-receptor of Wnt, has been implicated in cardiac protection. We aimed to study the role of cardiomyocyte-expressed LRP6 in cardiac remodeling under chronic pressure overload. Methods: Cardiac parameters were analyzed in inducible cardiac-specific LRP6 overexpressing and control mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Results: Cardiac LRP6 was increased at an early phase after TAC. Cardiomyocyte-specific LRP6 overexpression improved cardiac function and inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis four weeks after TAC. The overexpression significantly inhibited β-catenin activation, likely contributing to the inhibitory effect on cardiac hypertrophy after TAC. LRP6 overexpression reduced the expression and secretion of Wnt5a and Wnt11 by cardiomyocytes, and knockdown of Wnt5a and Wnt11 greatly inhibited cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction under pressure overload in vitro and in vivo. Cardiomyocyte-expressed LRP6 interacted with cathepsin D (CTSD, a protease) and promoted the degradation of Wnt5a and Wnt11, inhibiting cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction induced by TAC. The protease inhibitor leupeptin attenuated the interaction between LRP6 and CTSD, enhanced the expression of Wnt5a and Wnt11, and deteriorated cardiac function and fibrosis in cardiomyocyte-specific LRP6-overexpressing mice under pressure overload. Mutants from human patients, P1427Q of LRP6 and G316R of CTSD significantly inhibited the interaction between LRP6 and CTSD and increased Wnt5a and Wnt11 expression. Conclusion: Cardiomyocyte-expressed LRP6 promoted the degradation of Wnt5a and Wnt11 by regulating CTSD and inhibited cardiac fibrosis under pressure overload. Our study demonstrated a novel role of LRP6 as an anti-fibrosis regulator.
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Ma L, Zou Y, Wang X, Yin C, Pan L, Shen Y, Jia J, Yuan J, Zhang G, Yang C, Ge J, Zou Y, Gong H. Low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 (LRP6) protects heart against oxidative stress by the crosstalk of HSF1 and GSK3β. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101699. [PMID: 32905882 PMCID: PMC7486456 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a Wnt co-receptor, induces multiple functions in various organs. We recently reported cardiac specific LRP6 deficiency caused cardiac dysfunction in mice. Whether cardiomyocyte-expressed LRP6 protects hearts against ischemic stress is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of cardiac LRP6 in response to ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. Tamoxifen inducible cardiac specific LRP6 overexpression mice were generated to build I/R model by occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 40 min and subsequent release of specific time. Cardiac specific LRP6 overexpression significantly ameliorated myocardial I/R injury as characterized by the improved cardiac function, strain pattern and infarct area at 24 h after reperfusion. I/R induced-apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were greatly inhibited by LRP6 overexpression in cardiomyocytes. LRP6 overexpression enhanced the expression of heat shock transcription factor-1(HSF1) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), the level of p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β)(S9) and p-AMPK under I/R. HSF1 inhibitor deteriorated the apoptosis and decreased p-GSK3β(S9) level in LRP6 overexpressed -cardiomyocytes treated with H2O2. Si-HSF1 or overexpression of active GSK3β significantly attenuated the increased expression of HSF1 and p-AMPK, and the inhibition of apoptosis and ER stress induced by LRP6 overexpression in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. AMPK inhibitor suppressed the increase in p-GSK3β (S9) level but didn't alter HSF1 nucleus expression in LRP6 overexpressed-cardiomyocytes treated with H2O2. Active GSK3β, but not AMPK inhibitor, attenuated the inhibition of ubiquitination of HSF1 induced by LRP6-overexpressed-cardiomyocytes treated with H2O2. LRP6 overexpression increased interaction of HSF1 and GSK3β which may be involved in the reciprocal regulation under oxidative stress. In conclusion, cardiac LRP6 overexpression significantly inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ameliorates myocardial I/R injury by the crosstalk of HSF1 and GSK3β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Le Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianguo Jia
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Zuo E, Sun Y, Wei W, Yuan T, Ying W, Sun H, Yuan L, Steinmetz LM, Li Y, Yang H. GOTI, a method to identify genome-wide off-target effects of genome editing in mouse embryos. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3009-3029. [PMID: 32796939 PMCID: PMC8190672 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing holds great potential for correcting pathogenic mutations. We developed a method called GOTI (genome-wide off-target analysis by two-cell embryo injection) to detect off-target mutations by editing one blastomere of two-cell mouse embryos using either CRISPR-Cas9 or base editors. GOTI directly compares edited and non-edited cells without the interference of genetic background and thus could detect potential off-target variants with high sensitivity. Notably, the GOTI method was designed to detect potential off-target variants of any genome editing tools by the combination of experimental and computational approaches, which is critical for accurate evaluation of the safety of genome editing tools. Here we provide a detailed protocol for GOTI, including mice mating, two-cell embryo injection, embryonic day 14.5 embryo digestion, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, whole-genome sequencing and data analysis. To enhance the utility of GOTI, we also include a computational workflow called GOTI-seq (https://github.com/sydaileen/GOTI-seq) for the sequencing data analysis, which can generate the final genome-wide off-target variants from raw sequencing data directly. The protocol typically takes 20 d from the mice mating to sequencing and 7 d for sequencing data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwei Zuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tanglong Yuan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqin Ying
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liyun Yuan
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yixue Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Life Sciences, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Role of the TRPC1 Channel in Hippocampal Long-Term Depression and in Spatial Memory Extinction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051712. [PMID: 32138218 PMCID: PMC7084652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) are involved in various forms of synaptic plasticity that are believed to underlie declarative memory. We previously showed that mGluR5 specifically activates channels containing TRPC1, an isoform of the canonical family of Transient Receptor Potential channels highly expressed in the CA1-3 regions of the hippocampus. Using a tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout model, we show here that the acute deletion of the Trpc1 gene alters the extinction of spatial reference memory. mGluR-induced long-term depression, which is partially responsible for memory extinction, was impaired in these mice. Similar results were obtained in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the channel by its most specific inhibitor, Pico145. Among the numerous known postsynaptic pathways activated by type I mGluR, we observed that the deletion of Trpc1 impaired the activation of ERK1/2 and the subsequent expression of Arc, an immediate early gene that plays a key role in AMPA receptors endocytosis and subsequent long-term depression.
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A novel conditional ZsGreen-expressing transgenic reporter rat strain for validating Cre recombinase expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13330. [PMID: 31527612 PMCID: PMC6746712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cre/loxP recombination system has revolutionized the ability to genetically manipulate animal genomes in order to conditionally control gene expression. With recent advances in genome editing, barriers to manipulating the rat genome have been overcome and it is now possible to generate new rat strains (Cre drivers) in which Cre recombinase expression is carefully controlled temporally and/or spatially. However, the ability to evaluate and characterize these Cre driver strains is limited by the availability of reliable reporter rat strains. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a new transgenic rat strain in which conditional expression of the ZsGreen fluorescent protein gene requires the presence of exogenous Cre recombinase. Breeding Cre-expressing rat strains to this stable ZsGreen reporter strain provides an ideal method for validating new rat Cre driver lines and will greatly accelerate the characterization pipeline.
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Lepannetier S, Gualdani R, Tempesta S, Schakman O, Seghers F, Kreis A, Yerna X, Slimi A, de Clippele M, Tajeddine N, Voets T, Bon RS, Beech DJ, Tissir F, Gailly P. Activation of TRPC1 Channel by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR5 Modulates Synaptic Plasticity and Spatial Working Memory. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:318. [PMID: 30271326 PMCID: PMC6149316 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, in particular mGluR5, have been implicated in various forms of synaptic plasticity that are believed to underlie declarative memory. We observed that mGluR5 specifically activated a channel containing TRPC1, an isoform of the canonical family of transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels highly expressed in CA1-3 regions of the hippocampus. TRPC1 is able to form tetrameric complexes with TRPC4 and/or TRPC5 isoforms. TRPC1/4/5 complexes have recently been involved in the efficiency of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. We therefore used a mouse model devoid of TRPC1 expression to investigate the involvement of mGluR5-TRPC1 pathway in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Trpc1-/- mice showed alterations in spatial working memory and fear conditioning. Activation of mGluR increased synaptic excitability in neurons from WT but not from Trpc1-/- mice. LTP triggered by a theta burst could not maintain over time in brain slices from Trpc1-/- mice. mGluR-induced LTD was also impaired in these mice. Finally, acute inhibition of TRPC1 by Pico145 on isolated neurons or on brain slices mimicked the genetic depletion of Trpc1 and inhibited mGluR-induced entry of cations and subsequent effects on synaptic plasticity, excluding developmental or compensatory mechanisms in Trpc1-/- mice. In summary, our results indicate that TRPC1 plays a role in synaptic plasticity and spatial working memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lepannetier
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberta Gualdani
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Tempesta
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Seghers
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Kreis
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Yerna
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amina Slimi
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie de Clippele
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Tajeddine
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Broccoli L, Uhrig S, von Jonquieres G, Schönig K, Bartsch D, Justice NJ, Spanagel R, Sommer W, Klugmann M, Hansson A. Targeted overexpression of CRH receptor subtype 1 in central amygdala neurons: effect on alcohol-seeking behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1821-1833. [PMID: 29700576 PMCID: PMC7454014 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system is a key mediator of stress-induced responses in alcohol-seeking behavior. Recent research has identified the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a brain region involved in the regulation of fear and stress-induced responses that is especially rich in CRH-positive neurons, as a key player in mediating excessive alcohol seeking. However, detailed characterization of the specific influences that local neuronal populations exert in mediating alcohol responses is hampered by current limitations in pharmacological and immunohistochemical tools for targeting CRH receptor subtype 1 (CRHR1). OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effect of cell- and region-specific overexpression of CRHR1 in the CeA using a novel transgenic tool. METHODS Co-expression of CRHR1 in calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (αCaMKII) neurons of the amygdala was demonstrated by double immunohistochemistry using a Crhr1-GFP reporter mouse line. A Cre-inducible Crhr1-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) was site-specifically injected into the CeA of αCaMKII-CreERT2 transgenic rats to analyze the role of CRHR1 in αCaMKII neurons on alcohol self-administration and reinstatement behavior. RESULTS Forty-eight percent of CRHR1-containing cells showed co-expression of αCaMKII in the CeA. AAV-mediated gene transfer in αCaMKII neurons induced a 24-fold increase of Crhr1 mRNA in the CeA which had no effect on locomotor activity, alcohol self-administration, or cue-induced reinstatement. However, rats overexpressing Crhr1 in the CeA increased responding in the stress-induced reinstatement task with yohimbine serving as a pharmacological stressor. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that CRHR1 overexpression in CeA-αCaMKII neurons is sufficient to mediate increased vulnerability to stress-triggered relapse into alcohol seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Broccoli
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - S. Uhrig
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - G. von Jonquieres
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K. Schönig
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - D. Bartsch
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - N. J. Justice
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - R. Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - W.H. Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany,Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - M. Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A.C. Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Anita C. Hansson, PhD, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute for Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany, Phone: +49 621 1703 6293, Fax: +49 621 1703 6255,
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11
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He M, Huang ZJ. Genetic approaches to access cell types in mammalian nervous systems. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:109-118. [PMID: 29471215 PMCID: PMC5984678 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding brain circuit organization and function requires systematic dissection of its cellular components. With vast cell number and diversity, mammalian nervous systems present a daunting challenge for achieving specific and comprehensive cell type access-prerequisite to circuit analysis. Genetic approaches in the mouse have relied on germline engineering to access marker-defined cell populations. Combinatorial strategies that engage marker intersection, anatomy and projection pattern (e.g. antero-grade and retro-grade viral vectors), and developmental lineage substantially increase the specificity of cell type targeting. While increasing number of mouse cell types are becoming experimentally accessible, comprehensive coverage requires larger coordinated efforts with strategic infrastructural and fiscal planning. CRISPR-based genome editing may enable cell type access in other species, but issues of time, cost and ethics remain, especially for primates. Novel approaches that bypass the germline, such as somatic cell engineering and cell surface-based gene delivery, may reduce the barrier of genetic access to mammalian cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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12
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Dhadve A, Thakur B, Ray P. Dual Modality Imaging of Promoter Activity as a Surrogate for Gene Expression and Function. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1790:1-12. [PMID: 29858779 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7860-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular functional imaging with optical reporter genes (both bioluminescence and fluorescence) is a rapidly evolving method that allows noninvasive, sensitive, real-time monitoring of many cellular events in live cells and whole organisms. These reporter genes with optical signatures when expressed from gene-specific promoters or Cis/Trans elements mimic the endogenous expression pattern without perturbing cellular physiology. With advanced recombinant molecular biology techniques, several strategies for optimal expression from constitutive or inducible, tissue-specific and weak promoters have been developed and used for dynamic and functional imaging. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the applications of this powerful technology for imaging gene expression in living cells and rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Dhadve
- Imaging Cell Signaling & Therapeutics Lab, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhushan Thakur
- Imaging Cell Signaling & Therapeutics Lab, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signaling & Therapeutics Lab, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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13
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the development of powerful, genetically encoded tools for manipulating and monitoring neuronal function in freely moving animals. These tools are most readily deployed in genetic model organisms and efforts to map the circuits that govern behavior have increasingly focused on worms, flies, zebrafish, and mice. The traditional virtues of these animals for genetic studies in terms of small size, short generation times, and ease of animal husbandry in a laboratory setting have facilitated rapid progress, and the neural basis of an increasing number of behaviors is being established at cellular resolution in each of these animals. The depth and breadth of this analysis should soon offer a significantly more comprehensive understanding of how the circuitry underlying behavior is organized in particular animals and promises to help answer long-standing questions that have waited for such a brain-wide perspective on nervous system function. The comprehensive understanding achieved in genetic model animals is thus likely to make them into paradigmatic examples that will serve as touchstones for comparisons to understand how behavior is organized in other animals, including ourselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H White
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology , National Institute of Mental Health, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
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14
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Berger SM, Fernández-Lamo I, Schönig K, Fernández Moya SM, Ehses J, Schieweck R, Clementi S, Enkel T, Grothe S, von Bohlen Und Halbach O, Segura I, Delgado-García JM, Gruart A, Kiebler MA, Bartsch D. Forebrain-specific, conditional silencing of Staufen2 alters synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory in rats. Genome Biol 2017; 18:222. [PMID: 29149906 PMCID: PMC5693596 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic messenger RNA (mRNA) localization and subsequent local translation in dendrites critically contributes to synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Little is known, however, about the contribution of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to these processes in vivo. Results To delineate the role of the double-stranded RBP Staufen2 (Stau2), we generate a transgenic rat model, in which Stau2 expression is conditionally silenced by Cre-inducible expression of a microRNA (miRNA) targeting Stau2 mRNA in adult forebrain neurons. Known physiological mRNA targets for Stau2, such as RhoA, Complexin 1, and Rgs4 mRNAs, are found to be dysregulated in brains of Stau2-deficient rats. In vivo electrophysiological recordings reveal synaptic strengthening upon stimulation, showing a shift in the frequency-response function of hippocampal synaptic plasticity to favor long-term potentiation and impair long-term depression in Stau2-deficient rats. These observations are accompanied by deficits in hippocampal spatial working memory, spatial novelty detection, and in tasks investigating associative learning and memory. Conclusions Together, these experiments reveal a critical contribution of Stau2 to various forms of synaptic plasticity including spatial working memory and cognitive management of new environmental information. These findings might contribute to the development of treatments for conditions associated with learning and memory deficits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1350-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, CIMH and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iván Fernández-Lamo
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Present Address: Institute Cajal (CSIC), 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kai Schönig
- Department of Molecular Biology, CIMH and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra M Fernández Moya
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Janina Ehses
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rico Schieweck
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefano Clementi
- Department of Molecular Biology, CIMH and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Enkel
- Department of Molecular Biology, CIMH and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sascha Grothe
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Inmaculada Segura
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | | | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, CIMH and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
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15
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François M, Qualls-Creekmore E, Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Yu S. Genetics-based manipulation of adipose tissue sympathetic innervation. Physiol Behav 2017; 190:21-27. [PMID: 28859876 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is renewed interest in leveraging the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) to improve energy balance and prevent obesity. In addition to these effects on energy expenditure, both BAT and WAT secrete large numbers of hormones and cytokines that play important roles in maintaining metabolic health. Both BAT and WAT are densely innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and this innervation is crucial for BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning, making it a potentially interesting target for manipulating energy balance and treatment of obesity and metabolic disease. Peripheral neuromodulation in the form of electrical manipulation of the SNS and parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) has been used for the management of pain and many other conditions, but progress is hampered by lack of detailed knowledge of function-specific neurons and nerves innervating particular organs and tissues. Therefore, the goal of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund project "Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC)" is to comprehensively map both anatomical and neurochemical aspects of the peripheral nervous system in animal model systems to ultimately guide optimal neuromodulation strategies in humans. Compared to electrical manipulation, neuron-specific opto- and chemogenetic manipulation, now being extensively used to decode the function of brain circuits, will further increase the functional specificity of peripheral neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie François
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Emily Qualls-Creekmore
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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16
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Harvey-Samuel T, Ant T, Alphey L. Towards the genetic control of invasive species. Biol Invasions 2017; 19:1683-1703. [PMID: 28620268 PMCID: PMC5446844 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species remain one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Their control would be enhanced through the development of more effective and sustainable pest management strategies. Recently, a novel form of genetic pest management (GPM) has been developed in which the mating behaviour of insect pests is exploited to introduce genetically engineered DNA sequences into wild conspecific populations. These 'transgenes' work in one or more ways to reduce the damage caused by a particular pest, for example reducing its density, or its ability to vector disease. Although currently being developed for use against economically important insect pests, these technologies would be highly appropriate for application against invasive species that threaten biodiversity. Importantly, these technologies have begun to advance in scope beyond insects to vertebrates, which include some of the world's worst invasives. Here we review the current state of this rapidly progressing field and, using an established set of eradication criteria, discuss the characteristics which make GPM technologies suitable for application against invasive pests.
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17
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Hepatocyte-specific Smad7 deletion accelerates DEN-induced HCC via activation of STAT3 signaling in mice. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e294. [PMID: 28134936 PMCID: PMC5294248 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling in liver cells has variant roles in the dynamics of liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously found a correlation of high levels of the important endogenous negative TGF-β signaling regulator SMAD7 with better clinical outcome in HCC patients. However, the underlying tumor-suppressive molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that conditional (TTR-Cre) hepatocyte-specific SMAD7 knockout (KO) mice develop more tumors than wild-type and corresponding SMAD7 transgenic mice 9 months after diethylnitrosamine (DEN) challenge, verifying SMAD7 as a tumor suppressor in HCC. In line with our findings in patients, Smad7 levels in both tumor tissue as well as surrounding tissue show a significant inverse correlation with tumor numbers. SMAD7 KO mice presented with increased pSMAD2/3 levels and decreased apoptosis in the tumor tissue. Higher tumor incidence was accompanied by reduced P21 and upregulated c-MYC expression in the tumors. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 signaling was found in Smad7-deficient mouse tumors and in patients with low tumoral SMAD7 expression as compared with surrounding tissue. Together, our results provide new mechanistic insights into the tumor-suppressive functions of SMAD7 in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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18
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Barber A, Farmer K, Martin KR, Smith PD. Retinal regeneration mechanisms linked to multiple cancer molecules: A therapeutic conundrum. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 56:19-31. [PMID: 27586058 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a large number of research articles have been published demonstrating regeneration and/or neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells following manipulation of specific genetic and molecular targets. Interestingly, of the targets that have been identified to promote repair following visual system damage, many are genes known to be mutated in different types of cancer. This review explores recent literature on the potential for modulating cancer genes as a therapeutic strategy for visual system repair and looks at the potential clinical challenges associated with implementing this type of therapy. We also discuss signalling mechanisms that have been implicated in cancer and consider how similar mechanisms may improve axonal regeneration in the optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barber
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith R Martin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council - Wellcome Trust Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrice D Smith
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Reichel JM, Bedenk BT, Gassen NC, Hafner K, Bura SA, Almeida-Correa S, Genewsky A, Dedic N, Giesert F, Agarwal A, Nave KA, Rein T, Czisch M, Deussing JM, Wotjak CT. Beware of your Cre-Ation: lacZ expression impairs neuronal integrity and hippocampus-dependent memory. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1250-64. [PMID: 27101945 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the lacZ-sequence is a widely used reporter-tool to assess the transgenic and/or transfection efficacy of a target gene in mice. Once activated, lacZ is permanently expressed. However, protein accumulation is one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the protein product of the bacterial lacZ gene is ß-galactosidase, an analog to the mammalian senescence-associated ß-galactosidase, a molecular marker for aging. Therefore we studied the behavioral, structural and molecular consequences of lacZ expression in distinct neuronal sub-populations. lacZ expression in cortical glutamatergic neurons resulted in severe impairments in hippocampus-dependent memory accompanied by marked structural alterations throughout the CNS. In contrast, GFP expression or the expression of the ChR2/YFP fusion product in the same cell populations did not result in either cognitive or structural deficits. GABAergic lacZ expression caused significantly decreased hyper-arousal and mild cognitive deficits. Attenuated structural and behavioral consequences of lacZ expression could also be induced in adulthood, and lacZ transfection in neuronal cell cultures significantly decreased their viability. Our findings provide a strong caveat against the use of lacZ reporter mice for phenotyping studies and point to a particular sensitivity of the hippocampus formation to detrimental consequences of lacZ expression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Reichel
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461, Bronx, New York
| | - B T Bedenk
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - N C Gassen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - K Hafner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - S A Bura
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - S Almeida-Correa
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - A Genewsky
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - N Dedic
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - F Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - A Agarwal
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - K-A Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - T Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - M Czisch
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - J M Deussing
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - C T Wotjak
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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20
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Liu Z, Brown A, Fisher D, Wu Y, Warren J, Cui X. Tissue Specific Expression of Cre in Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Dopamine Active Transporter-Positive Neurons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149379. [PMID: 26886559 PMCID: PMC4757100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is a preferred model system over the mouse for neurological studies, and cell type-specific Cre expression in the rat enables precise ablation of gene function in neurons of interest, which is especially valuable for neurodegenerative disease modeling and optogenetics. Yet, few such Cre rats are available. Here we report the characterization of two Cre rats, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-Cre and dopamine active transporter (DAT or Slc6a3)-Cre, by using a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as well as a fluorescent reporter for Cre activity. We detected Cre expression in expected neurons in both Cre lines. Interestingly, we also found that in Th-Cre rats, but not DAT-Cre rats, Cre is expressed in female germ cells, allowing germline excision of the floxed allele and hence the generation of whole-body knockout rats. In summary, our data demonstrate that targeted integration of Cre cassette lead to faithful recapitulation of expression pattern of the endogenous promoter, and mRNA FISH, in addition to IHC, is an effective method for the analysis of the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns in the rat brain, alleviating the dependence on high quality antibodies that are often not available against rat proteins. The Th-Cre and the DAT-Cre rat lines express Cre in selective subsets of dopaminergic neurons and should be particularly useful for researches on Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Liu
- SAGE Labs, A Horizon Discovery Group Company, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Andrew Brown
- SAGE Labs, A Horizon Discovery Group Company, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Dan Fisher
- SAGE Labs, A Horizon Discovery Group Company, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Yumei Wu
- SAGE Labs, A Horizon Discovery Group Company, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Joe Warren
- SAGE Labs, A Horizon Discovery Group Company, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- SAGE Labs, A Horizon Discovery Group Company, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Losing Control: Excessive Alcohol Seeking after Selective Inactivation of Cue-Responsive Neurons in the Infralimbic Cortex. J Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26224858 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0684-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Loss of control over drinking is a key deficit in alcoholism causally associated with malfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking activates a subset of mPFC neurons in rats, identified by their common expression of the activity marker cFos and comprised of both principal and interneurons. Here, we used cFos-lacZ and pCAG-lacZ transgenic rats for activity-dependent or nonselective inactivation of neurons, respectively, which by their lacZ encoded β-galactosidase activity convert the inactive prodrug Daun02 into the neurotoxin daunorubicin. We report that activity-dependent ablation of a neuronal ensemble in the infralimbic but not the prelimbic subregion induced excessive alcohol seeking. The targeted neuronal ensemble was specific for the cue-induced response because stress-induced reinstatement was not affected in these animals. Importantly, nonselective inactivation of infralimbic neurons, using pCAG-lacZ rats, was without functional consequence on the cue-induced reinstatement task. Thus, inhibitory control over alcohol seeking is exerted by distinct functional ensembles within the infralimbic cortex rather than by a general inhibitory tone of this region on the behavioral output. This indicates a high level of functional compartmentation within the rat mPFC whereat many functional ensembles could coexist and interact within the same subregion. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hebb's (1949) idea of memories as being represented in local neuronal networks is supported by identification of transiently stable activity patterns within subgroups of neurons. However, it is difficult to link individual networks to specific memory tasks, for example a learned behavior. By a novel approach of activity-dependent ablation, here we identify a specific neuronal ensemble located in the infralimbic subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex that controls a seeking response for alcohol in rats. Our data demonstrate that functional output depends on specific neuronal ensembles within a given brain region rather than on the global activity of that region, which raises important questions about the interpretation of numerous earlier experiments using site-directed silencing or stimulation for elucidating brain function.
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Flister MJ, Prokop JW, Lazar J, Shimoyama M, Dwinell M, Geurts A. 2015 Guidelines for Establishing Genetically Modified Rat Models for Cardiovascular Research. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:269-77. [PMID: 25920443 PMCID: PMC4475456 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rat has long been a key physiological model for cardiovascular research, most of the inbred strains having been previously selected for susceptibility or resistance to various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These CVD rat models offer a physiologically relevant background on which candidates of human CVD can be tested in a more clinically translatable experimental setting. However, a diverse toolbox for genetically modifying the rat genome to test molecular mechanisms has only recently become available. Here, we provide a high-level description of several strategies for developing genetically modified rat models of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA,
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23
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Neurodevelopmental Malformations of the Cerebellar Vermis in Genetically Engineered Rats. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 14:624-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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New Transgenic Technologies. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Ravi N, Li Z, Oettl LL, Bartsch D, Schönig K, Kelsch W. Postnatal subventricular zone progenitors switch their fate to generate neurons with distinct synaptic input patterns. Development 2014; 142:303-13. [PMID: 25519243 DOI: 10.1242/dev.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New granule cell neurons (GCs) generated in the neonatal and adult subventricular zone (SVZ) have distinct patterns of input synapses in their dendritic domains. These synaptic input patterns determine the computations that the neurons eventually perform in the olfactory bulb. We observed that GCs generated earlier in postnatal life had acquired an 'adult' synaptic development only in one dendritic domain, and only later-born GCs showed an 'adult' synaptic development in both dendritic domains. It is unknown to what extent the distinct synaptic input patterns are already determined in SVZ progenitors and/or by the brain circuit into which neurons integrate. To distinguish these possibilities, we heterochronically transplanted retrovirally labeled SVZ progenitor cells. Once these transplanted progenitors, which mainly expressed Mash1, had differentiated into GCs, their glutamatergic input synapses were visualized by genetic tags. We observed that GCs derived from neonatal progenitors differentiating in the adult maintained their characteristic neonatal synapse densities. Grafting of adult SVZ progenitors to the neonate had a different outcome. These GCs formed synaptic densities that corresponded to neither adult nor neonatal patterns in two dendritic domains. In summary, progenitors in the neonatal and adult brain generate distinct GC populations and switch their fate to generate neurons with specific synaptic input patterns. Once they switch, adult progenitors require specific properties of the circuit to maintain their characteristic synaptic input patterns. Such determination of synaptic input patterns already at the progenitor-cell level may be exploited for brain repair to engineer neurons with defined wiring patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namasivayam Ravi
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Zhijun Li
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lars-Lennart Oettl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Kai Schönig
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kelsch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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26
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Wouterlood FG, Bloem B, Mansvelder HD, Luchicchi A, Deisseroth K. A fourth generation of neuroanatomical tracing techniques: exploiting the offspring of genetic engineering. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 235:331-48. [PMID: 25107853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first three generations of neuroanatomical tract-tracing methods include, respectively, techniques exploiting degeneration, retrograde cellular transport and anterograde cellular transport. This paper reviews the most recent development in third-generation tracing, i.e., neurochemical fingerprinting based on BDA tracing, and continues with an emerging tracing technique called here 'selective fluorescent protein expression' that in our view belongs to an entirely new 'fourth-generation' class. Tracing techniques in this class lean on gene expression technology designed to 'label' projections exclusively originating from neurons expressing a very specific molecular phenotype. Genetically engineered mice that express cre-recombinase in a neurochemically specific neuronal population receive into a brain locus of interest an injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying a double-floxed promoter-eYFP DNA sequence. After transfection this sequence is expressed only in neurons metabolizing recombinase protein. These particular neurons promptly start manufacturing the fluorescent protein which then accumulates and labels to full detail all the neuronal processes, including fibers and terminal arborizations. All other neurons remain optically 'dark'. The AAV is not replicated by the neurons, prohibiting intracerebral spread of 'infection'. The essence is that the fiber projections of discrete subpopulations of neurochemically specific neurons can be traced in full detail. One condition is that the transgenic mouse strain is recombinase-perfect. We illustrate selective fluorescent protein expression in parvalbumin-cre (PV-cre) mice and choline acetyltransferase-cre (ChAT-cre) mice. In addition we compare this novel tracing technique with observations in brains of native PV mice and ChAT-GFP mice. We include a note on tracing techniques using viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris G Wouterlood
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bernard Bloem
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Bioengineering Department, James E. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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27
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Savastano LE, Laurito SR, Fitt MR, Rasmussen JA, Gonzalez Polo V, Patterson SI. Sciatic nerve injury: A simple and subtle model for investigating many aspects of nervous system damage and recovery. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 227:166-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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28
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Liu H, Li Y, Wei Q, Liu C, Bolund L, Vajta G, Dou H, Yang W, Xu Y, Luan J, Wang J, Yang H, Staunstrup NH, Du Y. Development of transgenic minipigs with expression of antimorphic human cryptochrome 1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76098. [PMID: 24146819 PMCID: PMC3797822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Minipigs have become important biomedical models for human ailments due to similarities in organ anatomy, physiology, and circadian rhythms relative to humans. The homeostasis of circadian rhythms in both central and peripheral tissues is pivotal for numerous biological processes. Hence, biological rhythm disorders may contribute to the onset of cancers and metabolic disorders including obesity and type II diabetes, amongst others. A tight regulation of circadian clock effectors ensures a rhythmic expression profile of output genes which, depending on cell type, constitute about 3-20% of the transcribed mammalian genome. Central to this system is the negative regulator protein Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) of which the dysfunction or absence has been linked to the pathogenesis of rhythm disorders. In this study, we generated transgenic Bama-minipigs featuring expression of the Cys414-Ala antimorphic human Cryptochrome 1 mutant (hCRY1(AP)). Using transgenic donor fibroblasts as nuclear donors, the method of handmade cloning (HMC) was used to produce reconstructed embryos, subsequently transferred to surrogate sows. A total of 23 viable piglets were delivered. All were transgenic and seemingly healthy. However, two pigs with high transgene expression succumbed during the first two months. Molecular analyzes in epidermal fibroblasts demonstrated disturbances to the expression profile of core circadian clock genes and elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, known to be risk factors in cancer and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gábor Vajta
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luan
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nicklas Heine Staunstrup
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
- * E-mail: (YD); (NHS)
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YD); (NHS)
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29
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Soden ME, Gore BB, Zweifel LS. Defining functional gene-circuit interfaces in the mouse nervous system. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 13:2-12. [PMID: 24007626 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexity in the nervous system is established by developmental genetic programs, maintained by differential genetic profiles and sculpted by experiential and environmental influence over gene expression. Determining how specific genes define neuronal phenotypes, shape circuit connectivity and regulate circuit function is essential for understanding how the brain processes information, directs behavior and adapts to changing environments. Mouse genetics has contributed greatly to current percepts of gene-circuit interfaces in behavior, but considerable work remains. Large-scale initiatives to map gene expression and connectivity in the brain, together with advanced techniques in molecular genetics, now allow detailed exploration of the genetic basis of nervous system function at the level of specific circuit connections. In this review, we highlight several key advances for defining the function of specific genes within a neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Soden
- Department of Pharmacology; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Udit S, Gautron L. Molecular anatomy of the gut-brain axis revealed with transgenic technologies: implications in metabolic research. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:134. [PMID: 23914153 PMCID: PMC3728986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons residing in the gut-brain axis remain understudied despite their important role in coordinating metabolic functions. This lack of knowledge is observed, in part, because labeling gut-brain axis neurons and their connections using conventional neuroanatomical methods is inherently challenging. This article summarizes genetic approaches that enable the labeling of distinct populations of gut-brain axis neurons in living laboratory rodents. In particular, we review the respective strengths and limitations of currently available genetic and viral approaches that permit the marking of gut-brain axis neurons without the need for antibodies or conventional neurotropic tracers. Finally, we discuss how these methodological advances are progressively transforming the study of the healthy and diseased gut-brain axis in the context of its role in chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swalpa Udit
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX, USA
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