1
|
Dai J, Zhang MZ, He QQ, Chen R. The emerging role of exosomes in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115394. [PMID: 37536144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), a serious mental disorder, is one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Exosomes, as a natural nanocarrier, are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and play a key bridging role in central nervous system (CNS) communication, participating in important physiological processes such as neural regeneration, prominent plasticity, axonal support, and neuroinflammation. In recent years, exosomes have received widespread attention in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease. However, there are few reviews on exosomes and SCZ. Therefore, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and Web of Science using the following search terms: "schizophrenia", "mental disorder", "central system", "exosome", "extracellular vesicles" to identify publications from January 2010 to December 2022. Our review summarized exosomes secreted by different cell types in the CNS and the double-edged role of exosomes in the development of SCZ, and discussed their future potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date overview of the current research on the involvement of exosomes in SCZ, while also highlighting the challenges that are currently faced in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-Zhe Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eaton WW, Rodriguez KM, Thomas MA, Johnson J, Talor MV, Dohan C, Bingham CO, Musci R, Roth K, Kelly DL, Cihakova D, Darrah E. Immunologic profiling in schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114812. [PMID: 36058039 PMCID: PMC10984252 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The negative relationship between schizophrenia (SCZ) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been observed for 85 years, but the mechanisms driving this association are unknown. This study analyzed differences in profiles of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFNγ, TNFα), selected genes (HLA-DRB1, IL1RN, HP2), and antibodies related to gluten sensitivity (AGA-IgG, AGA-IgA), celiac disease (tTG), and systemic autoimmunity (ANA, anti-CCP, RF) in 40 subjects with SCZ, 40 with RA, and 40 healthy controls (HC). HLA-DRB1*04:01 alleles were enriched in persons with SCZ and RA compared with HC, and the HP2/HP2 genotype was 2-fold more prevalent in AGA/tTG-positive versus negative SCZ patients. Patients with SCZ demonstrated 52.5% positivity for any of the antibodies tested, compared to 90% of RA patients and 30% of HC. Cluster analysis of the cytokines revealed three clusters: one associated with SCZ marked by high levels of IL-1Ra, one associated with HC, and one associated with both SCZ and RA marked by elevated levels of IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6. These analyses suggest that stratification of SCZ patients by cytokine profile may identify unique SCZ subgroups and enable the use of currently available cytokine-targeted treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, US.
| | - Katrina M Rodriguez
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, US
| | - Mekha A Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, US
| | - Jeanette Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, US
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, US
| | - Curtis Dohan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, US
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, US
| | - Rashelle Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, US
| | - Kimberly Roth
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, US
| | - Deanna L Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), University of Maryland School of Medicine, US
| | | | - Erika Darrah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, US
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elkjaer Greenwood Ormerod MB, Ueland T, Frogner Werner MC, Hjell G, Rødevand L, Sæther LS, Lunding SH, Johansen IT, Ueland T, Lagerberg TV, Melle I, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Steen NE. Composite immune marker scores associated with severe mental disorders and illness course. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 24:100483. [PMID: 35856063 PMCID: PMC9287150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of severe mental disorders (SMDs) and a link between immune activation and clinical characteristics is suggested. However, few studies have investigated how patterns across immune markers are related to diagnosis and illness course. Methods A total of 948 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ, N = 602) or bipolar (BD, N = 346) spectrum disorder, and 814 healthy controls (HC) were included. Twenty-five immune markers comprising cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), interleukin (IL)-18-system factors, defensins, chemokines and other markers, related to neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, inflammasome activation and immune cell orchestration were analyzed. Eight immune principal component (PC) scores were constructed by PC Analysis (PCA) and applied in general linear models with diagnosis and illness course characteristics. Results Three PC scores were significantly associated with a SCZ and/or BD diagnosis (HC reference), with largest, however small, effect sizes of scores based on CAMs, BBB markers and defensins (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.02–0.03). Number of psychotic episodes per year in SCZ was associated with a PC score based on IL-18 system markers and the potential neuroprotective cytokine A proliferation-inducing ligand (p = 0.006, partial η2 = 0.071). Conclusion Analyses of composite immune markers scores identified specific patterns suggesting CAMs-mediated BBB dysregulation pathways associated with SMDs and interrelated pro-inflammatory and neuronal integrity processes associated with severity of illness course. This suggests a complex pattern of immune pathways involved in SMDs and SCZ illness course. Composite score of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, NCAD and IL-18BP associated with SCZ and BD. Composite score of MadCAM-1 and BD-1 associated with SCZ and BD. Composite score of S100B, furin, HNP1-3 and BD-1 associated with BD. Composite score of APRIL and IL-18R markers associated with psychotic episode rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bettina Elkjaer Greenwood Ormerod
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author. Oslo University Hospital HF Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thor Ueland
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Caroline Frogner Werner
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Hjell
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Østfold Hospital, Graalum, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Sofie Sæther
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synve Hoffart Lunding
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Torp Johansen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hjell G, Szabo A, Mørch-Johnsen L, Holst R, Tesli N, Bell C, Fischer-Vieler T, Werner MCF, Lunding SH, Ormerod MBEG, Johansen IT, Dieset I, Djurovic S, Melle I, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Steen NE, Haukvik UK. Interleukin-18 signaling system links to agitation in severe mental disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105721. [PMID: 35301151 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agitation is a challenging clinical feature in severe mental disorders, but its biological correlates are largely unknown. Inflammasome-related abnormalities have been linked to severe mental disorders and implicated in animal models of agitation. We investigated if levels of circulating inflammasome-related immune markers were associated with agitation in severe mental disorders. METHODS Individuals with a psychotic or affective disorder (N = 660) underwent blood sampling and clinical characterization. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), IL-18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1), IL-18 receptor accessory protein (IL-18RAP), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were measured. Agitation levels were estimated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component. Multiple linear- and logistic regression were used to investigate the associations between agitation and the immune markers, while controlling for confounders. The influence of psychotic and affective symptoms was assessed in follow-up analyses. RESULTS Agitation was positively associated with IL-18BP (β = 0.13, t = 3.41, p = 0.0007) after controlling for multiple confounders, including BMI, smoking, medication, and substance use. Adjustment for psychotic, manic, and depressive symptoms did not affect the results. There were no significant associations between agitation and the other investigated immune markers (IL-1RA (β = 0.06, t = 1.27, p = 0.20), IL-18 (β = 0.05, t = 1.25, p = 0.21), IL-18R1 (β = 0.04, t = 1.01, p = 0.31), IL-18RAP (odds ratio = 0.96, p = 0.30)). In a subsample (N = 463), we also adjusted for cortisol levels, which yielded unaltered results. CONCLUSION Our findings add to the accumulating evidence of immune system disturbances in severe mental disorders and suggest the IL-18 system as a part of the biological correlate of agitation independent of affective and psychotic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hjell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry & Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway.
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry & Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
| | - René Holst
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway; Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Bell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Fischer-Vieler
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Caroline Frogner Werner
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synve Hoffart Lunding
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Torp Johansen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Acute Psychiatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn Kristin Haukvik
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Szabo A, O'Connell KS, Ueland T, Sheikh MA, Agartz I, Andreou D, Aukrust P, Boye B, Bøen E, Drange OK, Elvsåshagen T, Engh JA, Hope S, Collier Høegh M, Joa I, Johnsen E, Kroken RA, Vik Lagerberg T, Lekva T, Malt UF, Melle I, Morken G, Nærland T, Steen VM, Sørensen K, Wedervang-Resell K, Auten Weibell M, Westlye LT, Steen NE, Andreassen O, Djurovic S. Increased circulating IL-18 levels in severe mental disorders indicate systemic inflammasome activation. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:299-306. [PMID: 34758379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental illnesses (SMI) that are part of a psychosis continuum, and dysregulated innate immune responses have been suggested to be involved in their pathophysiology. However, disease-specific immune mechanisms in SMI are not known yet. Recently, dyslipidemia has been linked to systemic inflammasome activation, and elevated atherogenic lipid ratios have been shown to correlate with circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in SMI. It is, however, not yet known if increased systemic cholesterol load leads to inflammasome activation in these patients. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that patients with SCZ and BD display higher circulating levels compared to healthy individuals of key members of the IL-18 system using a large patient cohort (n = 1632; including 737 SCZ and 895 BD), and healthy controls (CTRL; n = 1070). In addition, we assessed associations with coronary artery disease risk factors in SMI, focusing on relevant inflammasome-related, neuroendocrine, and lipid markers. RESULTS We report higher baseline levels of circulating IL-18 system components (IL-18, IL-18BPA, IL-18R1), and increased expression of inflammasome-related genes (NLRP3 and NLRC4) in the blood of patients relative to CTRL. We demonstrate a cholesterol dyslipidemia pattern in psychotic disorders, and report correlations between levels of blood cholesterol types and the expression of inflammasome system elements in SMI. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we suggest a role for inflammasome activation/dysregulation in SMI. Our findings further the understanding of possible underlying inflammatory mechanisms and may expose important therapeutic targets in SMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szabo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mashhood A Sheikh
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Boye
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Psychosomatic and Consultation-liason Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Psychosomatic and Consultation-liason Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Abel Engh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neuro Habilitation, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margrethe Collier Høegh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS, Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Andreas Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Nærland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Martin Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sørensen
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirsten Wedervang-Resell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melissa Auten Weibell
- TIPS, Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wedervang-Resell K, Friis S, Lonning V, Smelror RE, Johannessen C, Reponen EJ, Lyngstad SH, Lekva T, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Myhre AM. Increased interleukin 18 activity in adolescents with early-onset psychosis is associated with cortisol and depressive symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 112:104513. [PMID: 31761332 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence indicates that the pathophysiology of adult psychosis involves immune dysregulation, but its associations with stress are often not considered. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-18, which is elevated in adult schizophrenia, is suggested to be sensitive to stress. We compared the associations of IL-18 with cortisol and clinical variables in adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP) aged 12-18 years and age-matched healthy controls (HC). METHOD We measured serum IL-18, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), IL-18 receptor accessory protein (IL-18RAP), IL-18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) and cortisol, and calculated the IL-18/IL-18BP ratio in patients (n = 31) and HC (n = 60). Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and depressive symptoms by the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-Child version (MFQ-C). Bivariate correlation analysis was used to explore relationships between IL-18/IL-18BP ratio and cortisol, depression and other clinical characteristics. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess their individual contributions to the variance of the IL-18/IL-18BP ratio. RESULTS Patients had significantly higher IL-18 levels and IL-18/IL-18BP ratios than HC, but similar IL-18BP, IL-18RAP and IL-18R1. Both cortisol (R2 change = 0.05) and the MFQ-C score (R2 change = 0.09) contributed significantly to the variance in IL-18/IL-18BP ratios after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSION We found increased IL-18 system activity in adolescents with EOP. Cortisol and depressive symptoms each contributed to the variance in the IL-18/IL-18BP ratio. Our findings support activation of inflammatory pathways in adolescent psychosis and suggest interactions between stress, inflammation and depressive symptoms in EOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Wedervang-Resell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Psychiatric Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Svein Friis
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Psychiatric Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Lonning
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar E Smelror
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Johannessen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elina J Reponen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv H Lyngstad
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne M Myhre
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Psychiatric Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Changes in serum TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-6 concentrations in patients with chronic schizophrenia at admission and at discharge. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 90:82-87. [PMID: 30782515 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is correlated with aberrant cytokine concentrations. The goal of our study was to detect the serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-6 concentrations in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the acute relapse state at admission and at discharge and to analyze the correlations between the three cytokine concentrations with psychosis symptoms. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-6 in 68 patients with chronic schizophrenia at admission and at discharge and in 80 controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to analyze psychosis symptoms of the patients. RESULTS Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-6 in patients at admission were significantly elevated compared to those in controls. After treatment, IL-6 concentrations in patients at discharge were significantly reduced compared to those in patients at admission, and IL-6 concentrations showed no significant difference between patients at discharge and controls. In contrast, TNF-α and IL-18 concentrations showed no significant difference between patients at discharge and patients at admission, and TNF-α and IL-18 concentrations in patients at discharge were still significantly elevated compared to those in controls. IL-6 concentrations in patients at admission showed a positive correlation with negative scores, and IL-6 concentrations in patients at discharge showed positive correlations with positive, negative, and total scores. Reduction in IL-6 concentrations showed positive correlations with reduction in positive, negative, and total scores in patients at discharge. CONCLUSION Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-6 were significantly elevated in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the acute relapse state. After treatment, IL-6 concentrations in patients at discharge were significantly reduced compared to these in patients at admission.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodrigues-Amorim D, Rivera-Baltanás T, Spuch C, Caruncho HJ, González-Fernandez Á, Olivares JM, Agís-Balboa RC. Cytokines dysregulation in schizophrenia: A systematic review of psychoneuroimmune relationship. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:19-33. [PMID: 29239785 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a multifactorial psychiatric disease with complex interactions among the brain and the immune system. A psycho-immune relationship underling schizophrenia is supported by several studies and integrates a specific area of knowledge - psychoneuroimmunology. METHODS A systematic review was performed by 2009 Preferred Reporting Items (PRISMA) recommendations. Based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, publications with relevant information (evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisals tools to quality assessment) were included. RESULTS In this review, we considered the inflammatory activity promoted by cytokine alterations in schizophrenia aetiology, which reflects the systemic comprehension of this disease in opposition to the traditional approach focused solely on the brain. We focus on the analysis of several specific outcomes, such as proinflammatory cytokines, sample sort, laboratory techniques, diagnosis scales and results of each publication. CONCLUSION This systematic review confirms the existence of cytokines abnormalities in schizophrenia disease. Immune imbalances such as increased levels of some cytokines (either at protein level or at mRNA expression), cytokine mRNAs, as well as cytokine gene polymorphisms have been reported with a large support in schizophrenia. These findings provide a strong evidence of a concomitant process of inflammatory activity in schizophrenia illness course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Psychiatric Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Psychiatric Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Neurology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - África González-Fernandez
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), University Campus, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose M Olivares
- Psychiatric Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Roberto C Agís-Balboa
- Psychiatric Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, CIBERSAM, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T- and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sacchinelli E, Piras F, Orfei MD, Banaj N, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G, Bossù P. IL-18 Serum Levels and Variants of the Serotonin Transporter Gene Are Related to Awareness of Emotions in Healthy Subjects: A Preliminary Study. Neuroimmunomodulation 2018; 25:129-137. [PMID: 30326484 DOI: 10.1159/000492030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interaction between the nervous and immune systems may influence emotions, ultimately affecting human health. Cytokines may play a role in developing emotional dysregulation as in alexithymia, a personality construct characterized by the subclinical inability to identify and describe emotions, often associated with several psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-18, with a recognized role in brain functions, may influence serotonin metabolism and appears to be associated with alexithymia. Healthy individuals carrying the long allele (L) of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), and thus having lower concentrations of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, show a greater tendency toward alexithymia, with some gender differences. To explore a potential physiological interaction between IL-18, serotonin neurotransmission, and alexithymia, we investigated whether IL-18 serum levels and 5-HTTLPR are linked to alexithymic traits in healthy subjects. METHODS We measured IL-18 serum levels in 115 Italian-Caucasian healthy subjects genotyped for 5-HTTLPR allele variants, divided by gender and assessed for alexithymia scores using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. RESULTS IL-18 levels are significantly more elevated in individuals with the LL genotype (n = 25) than in carriers of the short allele (n = 90, p = 0.0073). Specifically, in LL males (n = 11), i.e., the group with the most relevant increase in IL-18, cytokine values positively correlated with difficulty identifying feelings, which is a component of alexithymia (r = 0.634, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a possible novel interaction between IL-18 and the serotoninergic system to mediate emotional unawareness, suggesting putative biological predictors of emotional dysregulation, which in turn can act as a risk factor for a variety of medical conditions in susceptible subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nerisa Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Salani
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harms RZ, Creer AJ, Lorenzo-Arteaga KM, Ostlund KR, Sarvetnick NE. Interleukin (IL)-18 Binding Protein Deficiency Disrupts Natural Killer Cell Maturation and Diminishes Circulating IL-18. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1020. [PMID: 28900426 PMCID: PMC5581878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin (IL)-18 is a crucial amplifier of natural killer (NK) cell function. IL-18 signaling is regulated by the inhibitory effects of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Using mice deficient in IL-18BP (IL-18BPKO), we investigated the impact of mismanaged IL-18 signaling on NK cells. We found an overall reduced abundance of splenic NK cells in the absence of IL-18BP. Closer examination of NK cell subsets in spleen and bone marrow using CD27 and CD11b expression revealed that immature NK cells were increased in abundance, while the mature population of NK cells was reduced. Also, NK cells were polarized to greater production of TNF-α, while dedicated IFN-γ producers were reduced. A novel subset of IL-18 receptor α- NK cells contributed to the expansion of immature NK cells in IL-18BPKO mice. Splenocytes cultured with IL-18 resulted in alterations similar to those observed in IL-18BP deficiency. NK cell changes were associated with significantly reduced levels of circulating plasma IL-18. However, IL-18BPKO mice exhibited normal weight gain and responded to LPS challenge with a >10-fold increase in IFN-γ compared to wild type. Finally, we identified that the source of splenic IL-18BP was among dendritic cells/macrophage localized to the T cell-rich regions of the spleen. Our results demonstrate that IL-18BP is required for normal NK cell abundance and function and also contributes to maintaining steady-state levels of circulating IL-18. Thus, IL-18BP appears to have functions suggestive of a carrier protein, not just an inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z. Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Austin J. Creer
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Katie R. Ostlund
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fraguas D, Díaz-Caneja CM, Rodríguez-Quiroga A, Arango C. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Early Onset First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:435-444. [PMID: 28575316 PMCID: PMC5452799 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People with schizophrenia and other psychosis show increased proinflammatory and prooxidative status. However, the few studies that have specifically assessed oxidative and inflammatory markers in early onset psychosis (onset before age 18) have shown contradictory results. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used to conduct a systematic literature search to detect studies comparing inflammatory and oxidative markers in early onset psychosis patients and healthy controls. Results Seven studies met criteria for the qualitative analysis. Four studies met criteria for meta-analysis, comprising an overall sample of 261 early onset psychosis patients and 246 healthy controls. Six independent meta-analyses were performed for catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant status, and cell/DNA oxidative damage. No significant differences were found between early onset psychosis patients and controls in any of the parameters assessed. Heterogeneity among studies was high. Qualitative analysis of individual studies showed an association of inflammatory and oxidative markers with clinical, cognitive, and neurobiological outcomes, especially in longitudinal assessments. Conclusions Despite the lack of significant differences between early onset psychosis patients and controls in the oxidative markers assessed in the meta-analyses, results based on individual studies suggest that greater inflammation and oxidative stress might lead to poorer outcomes in patients with first episodes of early onset psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fraguas
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim S, Hwang Y, Lee D, Webster MJ. Transcriptome sequencing of the choroid plexus in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e964. [PMID: 27898074 PMCID: PMC5290353 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) has a key role in maintaining brain homeostasis by producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by mediating transport of nutrients and removing metabolic products from the central nervous system and by responding to peripheral inflammatory signals. Although abnormal markers of immune response and inflammation are apparent in individuals with schizophrenia, the CP of these individuals has not been characterized. We therefore sequenced mRNA from the CP from two independent collections of individuals with schizophrenia and unaffected controls. Genes related to immune function and inflammation were upregulated in both collections. In addition, a co-expression module related to immune/inflammation response that was generated by combining mRNA-Seq data from both collections was significantly associated with disease status. The immune/inflammation-related co-expression module was positively correlated with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol and several immune modulator proteins in the serum of the same individuals and was also positively correlated with CRP, cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the frontal cortex of the same individuals. In addition, we found a substantial number of nodes (genes) that were common to our schizophrenia-associated immune/inflammation module from the pooled data and a module we generated from lippopolysaccharides-treated mouse model data. These results suggest that the CP of individuals with schizophrenia are responding to signals from the periphery by upregulating immune/inflammation-related genes to protect the brain and maintain the homeostasis but nevertheless fails to completely prevent immune/inflammation related changes in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Y Hwang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - D Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea E-mail:
| | - M J Webster
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA,Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite C-050, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo Y, He H, Zhang M, Huang X, Fan N. Altered serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 in manic, depressive, mixed state of bipolar disorder patients. Psychiatry Res 2016; 244:19-23. [PMID: 27455146 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with alterations of cytokines in the immune system. The aim of this study was to assess the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 in manic, depressive, mixed state patients of BD. The correlations between the serum cytokines levels with the demographic characteristics and the psychiatric symptoms were also assessed. We measured serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 59 BD patients (37 in manic state, 12 in depressive state, 10 in mixed state) and 80 healthy control subjects. The psychotic symptoms of BD were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The results showed that serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in manic, depressive and mixed state BD patients were significantly higher than that in controls, while serum IL-18 level was only significantly higher in depressive patients. Serum IL-6 level was significantly positively correlated with YMRS scores in manic episode as well as in mixed episode. When gender and age were added as potentially confounding covariate terms, the differences between controls and each mood state patients were still significant. Our findings provided additional evidence that elevated TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 pathway activities may be involved in the psychopathology of BD. Due to the lack of controlling important confounding factors, such as BMI, smoking status and alcohol use, further studies are required to confirm the roles of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Luo
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Minling Zhang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Xini Huang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Ni Fan
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elevated peripheral cytokines characterize a subgroup of people with schizophrenia displaying poor verbal fluency and reduced Broca's area volume. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1090-8. [PMID: 26194183 PMCID: PMC4960447 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on schizophrenia have detected elevated cytokines in both brain and blood, suggesting neuroinflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology in some cases. We aimed to determine the extent to which elevated peripheral cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression: (1) characterizes a subgroup of people with schizophrenia and (2) shows a relationship to cognition, brain volume and/or symptoms. Forty-three outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and matched healthy controls were assessed for peripheral cytokine mRNAs (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-18), intelligence quotient, memory and verbal fluency, symptom severity and cortical brain volumes integral to language (that is, Broca's and Wernicke's areas). IL-1β mRNA levels were 28% increased in schizophrenia compared with controls (t(82)=2.64, P<0.01). Using a two-step clustering procedure, we identified a subgroup of people displaying relatively elevated cytokine mRNA levels (17/43 people with schizophrenia and 9/42 controls). Individuals with schizophrenia in the elevated cytokine subgroup performed significantly worse than the low-cytokine subgroup on verbal fluency (F(1,40)=15.7, P<0.001). There was a 17% volume reduction of the left pars opercularis (POp) (Broca's area) in patients with elevated cytokines compared with patients with lower cytokines (F(1,29)=9.41, P=0.005). Negative linear relationships between IL-1β mRNA levels and both verbal fluency and left POp volume were found in schizophrenia. This study is among the first to link blood biomarkers of inflammation with both cognitive deficits and brain volume reductions in people with schizophrenia, supporting that those with elevated cytokines represent a neurobiologically meaningful subgroup. These findings raise the possibility that targeted anti-inflammatory treatments may ameliorate cognitive and brain morphological abnormalities in some people with schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu JQ, Chen DC, Tan YL, Tan SP, Xiu MH, Wang ZR, Yang FD, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Altered interleukin-18 levels are associated with cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 76:9-15. [PMID: 26866662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may involve the neuroinflammation mediated by cytokines. This study examined the IL-18 levels, the cognitive function, and their association in schizophrenia. We recruited 70 chronic patients and 75 normal controls and examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and IL-18 levels. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was assessed in chronic patients. IL-18 levels were increased in chronic patients as compared to normal controls (p < 0.01). RBANS total score and the subscales of immediate memory and delayed memory were lower in patients than controls (all p < 0.001). In patients, IL-18 levels were positively associated with RBANS total score and the subscales of immediate and delayed memory (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis further confirmed that IL-18 was an independent contributor to RBANS total score and the aforementioned two indexes (all p < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that immune responses may play an important role in cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and the abnormal levels of IL-18 reflecting the disturbed balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms may be relevant to cognitive deficits of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Chun Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Ping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Hong Xiu
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Ren Wang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu De Yang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Potential involvement of the interleukin-18 pathway in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 74:10-6. [PMID: 26736035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence implicates inflammatory cytokines in the development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ). IL-18 is one of cytokines that plays a crucial role in immune response and neurodevelopment. We aimed to investigate potential genetic alterations of the cytokine system underpinning SZ. METHODS We tested the association of genetic variants within the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (CCRI) pathway with SZ, using GWAS-derived data involving 768 adult SZ patients and 1348 controls, and replicated the association of IL18R1 rs1035130 with SZ in an independent sample of 1957 adult patients and 1509 controls. We compared expression levels of IL18, IL18R1 and IL18RAP in peripheral blood of a cohort of adolescent participants (<18 years), including 14 early-onset SZ patients and 13 healthy controls. Furthermore, we carried out a cis-eQTL (expression Quantitative Trait Loci) and a cis-mQTL (Methylation Quantitative Trait Loci) analysis for IL18R1 rs1035130. RESULTS In the discovery stage, we detected association signals within two IL18 pathway genes, IL18R1 and IL18RAP, with the most significant marker being IL18R1 rs1035130 (P = 1.84E-7, OR = 0.70). In the validation stage, we found rs1035130 was associated with SZ (P = 0.028, OR = 0.89). Expressions of IL18 and IL18R1 were altered in blood of SZ patients compared with 13 controls. Furthermore, cis-QTL analyses indicated that rs1035130 was associated with an eQTL and 5 mQTLs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the alteration of IL18 pathway may contribute to the psychopathology of SZ.
Collapse
|
18
|
Fan N, Luo Y, Xu K, Zhang M, Ke X, Huang X, Ding Y, Wang D, Ning Y, Deng X, He H. Relationship of serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 and schizophrenia-like symptoms in chronic ketamine abusers. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:10-15. [PMID: 26589393 PMCID: PMC4888966 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposing to NMDAR receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, produces schizophrenia-like symptoms in humans and deteriorates symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Meanwhile, schizophrenia is associated with alterations of cytokines in the immune system. This study aims to examine the serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in chronic human ketamine users as compared to healthy subjects. The correlations between the serum cytokines levels with the demographic, ketamine use characteristics and psychiatric symptoms were also assessed. METHODS 155 subjects who fulfilled the criteria of ketamine dependence and 80 healthy control subjects were recruited. Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The psychiatric symptoms of the ketamine abusers were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Serum IL-6 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher, while serum TNF-α level was significantly lower among ketamine users than among healthy controls (p<0.05). Serum TNF-α levels showed a significant negative association with PANSS total score (r=-0.210, p<0.01) and negative subscore (r=-0.300, p<0.01). No significant association was found between PANSS score and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-18. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 were altered in chronic ketamine abusers which may play a role in schizophrenia-like symptoms in chronic ketamine abusers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Fan
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China.
| | - Yayan Luo
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Minling Zhang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Xiaoyin Ke
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China,Shenzhen Mental Health Center, 1080 Cuizhu Rd., Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Xini Huang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Guangzhou Baiyun Voluntary Drug Rehabilitation Hospital, 586 North of Baiyun Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510370, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bossù P, Piras F, Palladino I, Iorio M, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Chiapponi C, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Hippocampal volume and depressive symptoms are linked to serum IL-18 in schizophrenia. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2015; 2:e111. [PMID: 25977936 PMCID: PMC4426680 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Since schizophrenia (SCZ) is often accompanied by hippocampal abnormalities and dysregulation of cytokine production, this study aimed to investigate the impact of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-18, whose biological system appears to be perturbed in SCZ, on brain structure and clinical severity in patients with chronic SCZ. Methods: The serum levels of IL-18, including its free bioactive form (i.e., the cytokine fraction not bound to its specific endogenous inhibitor IL-18 binding protein), were evaluated in a case-control study involving 71 individuals with SCZ diagnosis and 29 healthy controls. All participants underwent brain MRI automatic evaluation for hippocampal volume estimation. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was administered to measure severity of symptoms in patients with SCZ. Results: Lower amounts of free IL-18 were related to smaller hippocampal volume measures in patients with SCZ. Furthermore, in line with a possible neuroprotective effect of the cytokine, higher levels of free IL-18 corresponded to lower subscores of PANSS depression in patients with SCZ. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the levels of circulating bioactive IL-18 are related to both hippocampal volume and severity of psychopathologic symptoms in patients with SCZ, confirming the involvement of the cytokine in SCZ pathophysiology and suggesting hippocampal-dependent and neuroprotective functions of IL-18 in this clinical context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bossù
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ilaria Palladino
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mariangela Iorio
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Francesca Salani
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology (P.B., F.P., I.P., M.I., F.S., A.C., C. Chiapponi, C. Caltagirone, G.S.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience (C. Caltagirone), University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Breeze A, Kulka M. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit IFN-γ-induced IL-18 binding protein production by prostate cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:249-58. [PMID: 25351720 PMCID: PMC11028839 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells can produce IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which may function to neutralize IL-18, an anti-tumor factor formerly known as IFN-γ inducing factor. The consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with a lower risk of certain types of cancer including prostate cancer, although the precise mechanisms of this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that n-3 PUFAs could modify IL-18BP production by prostate cancer cells by altering IFN-γ receptor-mediated signal transduction. Here, we demonstrate that n-3 PUFA treatment significantly reduced IFN-γ-induced IL-18BP production by DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells by inhibiting IL-18BP mRNA expression and was associated with a reduction in IFN-γ receptor expression. Furthermore, IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and P38 were suppressed by n-3 PUFA treatment. By contrast, n-6 PUFA had no effect on IFN-γ receptor expression, but decreased IFN-γ-induced IL-18BP production and IFN-γ stimulation of JAK1, STAT1, ERK1/2, and JNK phosphorylation. These data indicate that both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs may be beneficial in prostate cancer by altering IFN-γ signaling, thus inhibiting IL-18BP production and thereby rendering prostate cancer cells more sensitive to IL-18-mediated immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luo Y, He H, Zhang M, Huang X, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Liu X, Fan N. Elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 in chronic schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:556-7. [PMID: 25248940 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Luo
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guanghzou 510370, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guanghzou 510370, China
| | - Minling Zhang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guanghzou 510370, China
| | - Xini Huang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guanghzou 510370, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guanghzou 510370, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guanghzou 510370, China
| | - Xianguo Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Ni Fan
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guanghzou 510370, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
IL-18 genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis among Asians: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6013-23. [PMID: 24969483 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This current meta-analysis of case-control studies was continued to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of IL-18 gene contribute to the occurrence and progression of tuberculosis (TB). We searched certain English and Chinese databases for relevant studies without language restrictions. Meta-analysis for the moment was performed with the adoption of the STATA statistical software. Crude OR and its corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated as estimates of relative risk for UC under different genetic models. Seven case-control studies (TB patients = 1,325, healthy subjects = 1,778) were included for the following analysis. We evaluated two functional polymorphisms (rs1946518 C>A and rs187238 G>C). Pooled OR within the progression of statistical analysis indicated that the specific polymorphism of IL-18 rs1946518 C>A showed a closely relationship with the elevated susceptibility to TB under those three genetic models (allele model: OR 1.24, 95 % CI 1.11-1.38, P < 0.001; dominant model: OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.21-1.65, P < 0.001; homozygous model: OR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.15-1.86, P = 0.002; respectively). However, we observed no statistical associations of the IL-18 rs187238 G>C polymorphism with the susceptibility to TB under any of the genetic models (all P > 0.05). Country-stratified analysis results detected that the variants of IL-18 may be strongly enrolled in the risk of TB among populations in China (allele model: OR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.06-1.33, P = 0.003; recessive model: OR 1.54, 95 % CI 1.00-2.36, P = 0.048; homozygous model: OR 1.59, 95 % CI 1.09-2.33, P = 0.016; respectively), but not among populations in Iran, Korea and India (all P > 0.05). Current results provide strong evidence that IL-18 mutations may be evidently related to the occurrence and development of TB, especially for the rs1946518 C>A polymorphism among populations in China.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to analyse, sum up and discuss the available literature on the role of inflammation and inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. METHODS An electronic literature search of peer-reviewed English language articles using Pubmed was undertaken. These articles together with those published by us provided the background for the present review. RESULTS An overview of the available literature on this issue clearly demonstrated the alterations in mRNA and protein expression levels of several proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, some of these changes are genetically determined. It was noteworthy that, depending on the study population, some variations of the data obtained are detected. CONCLUSIONS Altered inflammatory cytokine production, both genetically and environmentally determined, is implicated in schizophrenia and contributes to disease-associated low-grade systemic inflammation. Proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines and their receptors may represent additional therapeutic targets for treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Together with IL-12 or IL-15, interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a major role in the production of interferon-γ from T-cells and natural killer cells; thus, IL-18 is considered to have a major role in the Th1 response. However, without IL-12, IL-18 is proinflammatory in an IFNγ independent manner. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and similar to IL-1β, the cytokine is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine. IL-18 is also present as an integral membrane protein but requires caspase-1 for full activity in order to induce IFNγ. Uniquely, unlike IL-1β, the IL-18 precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cells in healthy humans and animals. The activity of IL-18 is balanced by the presence of a high-affinity, naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). In humans, increased disease severity can be associated with an imbalance of IL-18 to IL-18BP such that the levels of free IL-18 are elevated in the circulation. Increasing number of studies have expanded the role of IL-18 in mediating inflammation in animal models of disease using the IL-18BP, IL-18 deficient mice, neutralization of IL-18 or deficiency in the IL-18 receptor alpha chain. A role for IL-18 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis and acute kidney injury, although paradoxically, in some models of disease, IL-18 is protective. The IL-18BP has been used safely in humans and clinical trials of IL-18BP as well as neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies are being tested in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Novick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- UMR-S1076, Aix Marseille Université, Campus Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dinarello CA, Novick D, Kim S, Kaplanski G. Interleukin-18 and IL-18 binding protein. Front Immunol 2013; 4:289. [PMID: 24115947 PMCID: PMC3792554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Similar to IL-1β, IL-18 is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine but unlike IL-1β, the IL-18 precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cells in healthy humans and animals. The activity of IL-18 is balanced by the presence of a high affinity, naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). In humans, increased disease severity can be associated with an imbalance of IL-18 to IL-18BP such that the levels of free IL-18 are elevated in the circulation. Increasing number of studies have expanded the role of IL-18 in mediating inflammation in animal models of disease using the IL-18BP, IL-18-deficient mice, neutralization of IL-18, or deficiency in the IL-18 receptor alpha chain. A role for IL-18 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, hemophagocytic syndromes, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis, and acute kidney injury, although in some models of disease, IL-18 is protective. IL-18 plays a major role in the production of interferon-γ from T-cells and natural killer cells. The IL-18BP has been used safely in humans and clinical trials of IL-18BP as well as neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies are in clinical trials. This review updates the biology of IL-18 as well as its role in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA ; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gene expression profiling in treatment-naive schizophrenia patients identifies abnormalities in biological pathways involving AKT1 that are corrected by antipsychotic medication. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:1483-503. [PMID: 23442539 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct gene expression profiles can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with schizophrenia; however, little is known about the effects of antipsychotic medication. This study compared gene expression profiles in PMBCs from treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic drug treatment. PBMCs were obtained from 10 treatment-naive schizophrenia patients before and 6 wk after initiating antipsychotic drug treatment and compared to PMBCs collected from 11 healthy community volunteers. Genome-wide expression profiling was conducted using Illumina HumanHT-12 expression bead arrays and analysed using significance analysis of microarrays. This analysis identified 624 genes with altered expression (208 up-regulated, 416 down-regulated) prior to antipsychotic treatment (p < 0.05) including schizophrenia-associated genes AKT1, DISC1 and DGCR6. After 6-8 wk treatment of patients with risperidone or risperidone in combination with haloperidol, only 106 genes were altered, suggesting that the treatment corrected the expression of a large proportion of genes back to control levels. However, 67 genes continued to show the same directional change in expression after treatment. Ingenuity® pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis implicated dysregulation of biological functions and pathways related to inflammation and immunity in patients with schizophrenia. A number of the top canonical pathways dysregulated in treatment-naive patients signal through AKT1 that was up-regulated. After treatment, AKT1 returned to control levels and less dysregulation of these canonical pathways was observed. This study supports immune dysfunction and pathways involving AKT1 in the aetiopathophysiology of schizophrenia and their response to antipsychotic medication.
Collapse
|