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Tirado TC, Bavia L, Ambrosio AR, Campos MP, de Almeida Santiago M, Messias-Reason IJ, Figueiredo FB. A comparative approach on the activation of the three complement system pathways in different hosts of Visceral Leishmaniasis after stimulation with Leishmania infantum. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 120:104061. [PMID: 33667529 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that affects mainly humans and dogs, with the latter being important reservoirs of the parasite. Conversely, cats are naturally resistant. The immune system can offer important explanation to this problematic as there is no evidence on the role that the complement system plays in cats. In this context, effect of the complement system from human, dog and cat sera on Leishmania infantum was evaluated. Activation of the classical, alternative and lectin pathways was assessed through hemolytic and ELISA assays. Lytic activity of the complement on the parasite's viability was investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. Complement proteins were more consumed in dog serum on the classical and alternative pathways, leading to less hemolytic activity, and only in cat serum they were consumed on the lectin pathway when incubated with L. infantum. Lytic activity on the parasite's surface was more accentuated in human serum, and varied throughout the parasite's developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Tirado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Altair Rogerio Ambrosio
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monique Paiva Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Iara Jose Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Pereira MA, Alexandre-Pires G, Câmara M, Santos M, Martins C, Rodrigues A, Adriana J, Passero LFD, Pereira da Fonseca I, Santos-Gomes G. Canine neutrophils cooperate with macrophages in the early stages of Leishmania infantum in vitro infection. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12617. [PMID: 30735568 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the aetiological agent of human visceral leishmaniasis and canine leishmaniasis, both systemic and potentially fatal diseases. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to phagocyte this parasite at the inoculation site, but macrophages (MØ) are the definitive host cells, ensuring parasite replication. The interaction between dog MØ, PMN and L infantum promastigotes was in vitro investigated. It was observed that promastigotes establish contact with blood monocyte-derived MØ mainly by the tip of the flagellum. These cells, that efficiently bind and internalize parasites, underwent major morphological changes, produced nitric oxide (NO) and released histone H1 in order to inactivate the parasite. Transfer of intracellular parasites from PMN to MØ was confirmed by flow cytometry, using L infantum expressing a green fluorescent protein. The interaction of MØ with L infantum-infected PMN lead to NO production and release of extracellular traps, which may contribute to parasite containment and inactivation. This study highlights for the first time the diversity of cellular and molecular events triggered by the interaction between canine PMN and MØ, which can promote a reduction of parasite burden in the early phase of L infantum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre (IPP), Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Câmara
- Câmara Municipal de Évora, Serviço Veterinário Municipal, Évora, Portugal
| | - Marcos Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Martins
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, Immunology, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armanda Rodrigues
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Adriana
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
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In vitro infection by Leishmania infantum in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages from crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous). Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:417-21. [PMID: 26194430 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wild canids are natural reservoirs of visceral leishmaniais (VL). In Brazil, only the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a natural reservoir of this zoonotic disease, but there is still a lack of understanding regarding the sylvatic transmission of the Leishmania infantum infection. This is the first study on the isolation, cultivation and infection with L. infantum in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages from crab-eating foxes. It is also the first to compare macrophages from crab-eating foxes to other canine macrophages under the same conditions. Blood samples collected from crab-eating foxes held at the local zoo were processed to obtain macrophages that were subsequently infected with stationary phase L. infantum promastigotes. The percentage of infected macrophages and intracellular amastigotes per 100 macrophages were similar in both fox and dog blood samples at 2h after infection. Unlike dog macrophages, in fox macrophages there was a significant reduction in the number of infected macrophages after 24 and 48 h. At 72 h after infection, the intracellular amastigotes were practically undetectable. These results indicate that crab-eating foxes have cellular mechanisms of infection control as efficient as the domestic dog. Further study is required to discern the potential epidemiologic role of crab-eating foxes in the visceral leishmaniasis transmission cycle.
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Viana KF, Aguiar-Soares RDO, Roatt BM, Resende LA, da Silveira-Lemos D, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Martins-Filho OA, Moura SL, Zanini MS, Araújo MSS, Reis AB, Giunchetti RC. Analysis using canine peripheral blood for establishing in vitro conditions for monocyte differentiation into macrophages for Leishmania chagasi infection and T-cell subset purification. Vet Parasitol 2013; 198:62-71. [PMID: 24018185 PMCID: PMC7115789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a parasitic disease endemic in many countries, and dogs present as the major natural reservoir of the parasite, Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum). Biomarkers in the canine immune system is an important technique in the course of developing vaccines and treatment strategies against CVL. New methodologies for studying the immune response of dogs during Leishmania infection and after receiving vaccines and treatments against CVL would be useful. In this context, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy dogs to evaluate procedures related to (i) establishment of in vitro conditions of monocytes differentiated into macrophages infected with L. chagasi and (ii) purification procedures of T-cell subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) using microbeads. Our data demonstrated that after 5 days of differentiation, macrophages were able to induce significant phagocytic and microbicidal activity after L. chagasi infection and also showed increased frequency of parasitism and a higher parasite load. Although N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels presented similar levels of macrophage culture and L. chagasi infection, a progressive decrease in myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels was a hallmark over 5 days of culture. High purity levels (>90%) of CD4 and CD8 T cells were obtained on a magnetic separation column. We concluded that monocytes differentiated into macrophages at 5 days and displayed an intermediate frequency of parasitism and parasite load 72 h after L. chagasi infection. Furthermore, the purification system using canine T-lymphocyte subsets obtained after 5 days of monocyte differentiation proved efficient for CD4 or CD8 T-cell purification (≥90%). The in vitro analysis using L. chagasi-infected macrophages and purified T cells presented a prospective methodology that could be incorporated in CVL vaccine and treatment studies that aim to analyze the microbicidal potential induced by specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvinson Fernandes Viana
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Amorim IFG, da Silva SM, Figueiredo MM, Moura EP, de Castro RS, de Souza Lima TK, de Figueiredo Gontijo N, Michalick MSM, Gollob KJ, Tafuri WL. Toll receptors type-2 and CR3 expression of canine monocytes and its correlation with immunohistochemistry and xenodiagnosis in visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27679. [PMID: 22140456 PMCID: PMC3227600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate TLR2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum to determine whether it correlates with CD11b/CD18 (CR3) expression, and to evaluate the potential of dogs as sources of infection using phlebotomine xenodiagnosis. Forty eight dogs were serologically diagnosed with L. infantum infection by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Parasitological exams from bone-marrow aspirates were positive by PCR analysis. All dogs were clinical defined as symptomatic. Ear skin tissue samples were obtained for immunohistochemistry (IHQ) analysis. The potential of these dogs as a source of infection using phlebotomine xenodiagnosis (XENO) was evaluated. Flow cytometry was carried out on peripheral blood mononuclear cells using superficial receptors including CD14, CD11b, TLR2 and MHCII. IHQ ear skin tissue parasite load and XENO where done where we found a strict correlation (r = 0.5373). Dogs with higher expression of MFI of CD11b inside CD14 monocytes were represented by dogs without parasite ear tissue load that were unable to infect phlebotomines (IHQ⁻/XENO⁻). Dogs with lower expression of MFI of CD11b inside CD14 monocytes were represented by dogs with parasite ear tissue load and able to infect phlebotomines (IHQ⁺/XENO⁺) (p = 0,0032). Comparable results were obtained for MFI of MHCII (p = 0.0054). In addition, considering the population frequency of CD11b⁺TLR2⁺ and CD11b⁺MHCII⁺, higher values were obtained from dogs with IHQ⁻/XENO⁻ than dogs with IHQ⁺/XENO⁺ (p = 0.01; p = 0.0048, respectively). These data, together with the TLR2 and NO assays results (CD11b⁺TLR2⁺ and NO with higher values for dogs with IHQ⁻/XENO⁻ than dogs with IHQ⁺/XENO⁺, led to the conclusion that IHQ⁻/XENO⁻ dogs are more resistant or could modulate the cellular immune response essential for Leishmania tissue clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydnei Magno da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Maria Marta Figueiredo
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Eliane Perlatto Moura
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Soares de Castro
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Tatjana Keesen de Souza Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Nelder de Figueiredo Gontijo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Kenneth John Gollob
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Goto-Koshino Y, Ohno K, Nakajima M, Mochizuki H, Kanemoto H, Tsujimoto H. A rapid and simple method to obtain canine peripheral blood-derived macrophages. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:773-8. [PMID: 21304216 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in a variety of situations, including pathogen elimination, inflammation, and tissue repair. However, these cells are not fully studied in dogs, in part, due to the difficulty of efficiently isolating and culturing them in vitro. In this study, we cultured canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 10 ng/ml of phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) for 5 days to obtain macrophages. A high number of round-adherent cells were obtained without the addition of any cytokine. These cells showed active phagocytic activity and a cell surface antigen profile different from dendritic cells. Our method facilitates a high yield of macrophages in a short cultivation period compared with previous studies. This method might be a powerful tool to study macrophage functions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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