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Salman E, Dinç B. Elevated levels of anti-Golgi antibodies: An early sign of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 2024:e13369. [PMID: 38566362 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Anti-Golgi antibodies are uncommon antibodies that exhibit specific, polarized cytoplasmic staining on the Hep-2 substrate. The objective of our study was to identify the clinical and laboratory features associated with anti-Golgi antibodies. We examined 4.5 years of data from a Turkish tertiary hospital in this retrospective cohort analysis. The indirect immunofluorescence staining patterns, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titres and clinical data of all patients were obtained from the hospital record system. A total of 146,055 ANAs were detected, of which 224 patients (0.15%) exhibited anti-Golgi antibody staining. In total, 39.4% of diagnosed patients had autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Of the AIDs, 26 (46.4%) were rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This is a very high rate and another remarkable point is that 17 (65.3%) of these patients had seronegative RA. High-titre results (1 ≥ 1/320) were more common in patients with AID. Anti-Ro52 was prevalent in 50% of extractable nuclear antigen (ENA)-positive patients, making it a remarkable finding. The majority of individuals with high-titre anti-Golgi antibodies had AID, particularly RA. The majority of these patients also tested negative for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Finally, high-titre anti-Golgi antibodies may be an important serologic marker for seronegative RA in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Salman
- Department of Immunology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bedia Dinç
- Department of Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Lee AYS, Culican S, Campbell D, Lin M. Clinical associations of serum Golgi apparatus antibodies in an immunology laboratory cohort. Scand J Immunol 2021; 95:e13133. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y. S. Lee
- Department of Immunopathology Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research NSW Health Pathology Westmead NSW Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
- Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Suzanne Culican
- Department of Immunopathology Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research NSW Health Pathology Westmead NSW Australia
| | - David Campbell
- Department of Immunopathology Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research NSW Health Pathology Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Ming‐Wei Lin
- Department of Immunopathology Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research NSW Health Pathology Westmead NSW Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
- Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Westmead NSW Australia
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3
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Zhai J, Liao J, Wang M, Huang Z, Hu J, Xu H, Xie Q, Ma B, Baan CC, Wu Y. Anti-Golgi Antibody as a Potential Indicator for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Lab Med 2021; 53:156-160. [PMID: 34415345 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the relationship between anti-Golgi antibody (AGA) and clinical diseases through retrospective analysis. METHODS The clinical data of 584 cases testing positive for AGA in the past 11 years were collected and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS AGA pattern accounted for .2% of positive ANA results. In total, 35.0% of diagnosed patients had autoimmune diseases (AID), mainly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High-titer AGA (≧1:1000) was common in AID. In nondiagnosed patients with clinical symptoms, joint pain/muscle pain was the most common. CONCLUSIONS Positive AGA with high titer was closely related to RA. Joint pain/muscle pain was the most common symptom in patients who tested AGA positive. Therefore, AGA may be a key indicator of RA in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Zhai
- West China School of Medicine/Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Liao
- West China School of Medicine/Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- West China School of Medicine/Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- West China School of Medicine/Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Hu
- West China School of Medicine/Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Xu
- West China School of Medicine/Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sector of Nephrology & Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yongkang Wu
- West China School of Medicine/Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Outpatient and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Moody R, Wilson KL, Boer JC, Holien JK, Flanagan KL, Jaworowski A, Plebanski M. Predicted B Cell Epitopes Highlight the Potential for COVID-19 to Drive Self-Reactive Immunity. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:709533. [PMID: 36303764 PMCID: PMC9581003 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.709533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whilst commonly characterised as a respiratory disease, is reported to have extrapulmonary manifestations in multiple organs. Extrapulmonary involvement in COVID-19 includes autoimmune-like diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease, as well as the presence of various autoantibodies including those associated with autoimmune diseases such a systemic lupus erythematosus (e.g. ANA, anti-La). Multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged globally, some of which are found to be associated with increased transmissibility and severe disease. We performed an unbiased comprehensive mapping of the potential for cross-reactivity with self-antigens across multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins and compared identified immunogenic regions across multiples strains. Using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) B cell epitope prediction tool, regions predicted as antibody epitopes with high prediction scores were selected. Epitope sequences were then blasted to eight other global strains to identify mutations within these regions. Of the 15 sequences compared, eight had a mutation in at least one other global strain. Predicted epitopes were then compared to human proteins using the NCBI blast tool. In contrast to studies focusing on short sequences of peptide identity, we have taken an immunological approach to selection criteria for further analysis and have identified 136 alignments of 6–23 amino acids (aa) in 129 human proteins that are immunologically likely to be cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, to identify regions with significant potential to interfere with host cell function-or promote immunopathology, we identified epitope regions more likely to be accessible to pathogenic autoantibodies in the host, selected using a novel combination of sequence similarity, and modelling protein and alignment localization with a focus on extracellular regions. Our analysis identified 11 new predicted B-cell epitopes in host proteins, potentially capable of explaining key aspects of COVID-19 extrapulmonary pathology, and which were missed in other in silico studies which used direct identity rather than immunologically related functional criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiane Moody
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsty L. Wilson
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Boer
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica K. Holien
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Plebanski,
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Frisbie CP, Lushnikov AY, Krasnoslobodtsev AV, Riethoven JJM, Clarke JL, Stepchenkova EI, Petrosyan A. Post-ER Stress Biogenesis of Golgi Is Governed by Giantin. Cells 2019; 8:E1631. [PMID: 31847122 PMCID: PMC6953117 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Golgi apparatus undergoes disorganization in response to stress, but it is able to restore compact and perinuclear structure under recovery. This self-organization mechanism is significant for cellular homeostasis, but remains mostly elusive, as does the role of giantin, the largest Golgi matrix dimeric protein. METHODS In HeLa and different prostate cancer cells, we used the model of cellular stress induced by Brefeldin A (BFA). The conformational structure of giantin was assessed by proximity ligation assay and atomic force microscopy. The post-BFA distribution of Golgi resident enzymes was examined by 3D SIM high-resolution microscopy. RESULTS We detected that giantin is rather flexible than an extended coiled-coil dimer and BFA-induced Golgi disassembly was associated with giantin monomerization. A fusion of the nascent Golgi membranes after BFA washout is forced by giantin re-dimerization via disulfide bond in its luminal domain and assisted by Rab6a GTPase. GM130-GRASP65-dependent enzymes are able to reach the nascent Golgi membranes, while giantin-sensitive enzymes appeared at the Golgi after its complete recovery via direct interaction of their cytoplasmic tail with N-terminus of giantin. CONCLUSION Post-stress recovery of Golgi is conducted by giantin dimer and Golgi proteins refill membranes according to their docking affiliation rather than their intra-Golgi location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole P. Frisbie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA;
| | - Alexander Y. Lushnikov
- Nanoimaging Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA; (A.Y.L.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Krasnoslobodtsev
- Nanoimaging Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA; (A.Y.L.); (A.V.K.)
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0266, USA
| | - Jean-Jack M. Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0665, USA;
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Clarke
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA;
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0963, USA
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint-Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia;
- Department of Genetics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA;
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA;
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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6
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Pin E, Henjes F, Hong MG, Wiklund F, Magnusson P, Bjartell A, Uhlén M, Nilsson P, Schwenk JM. Identification of a Novel Autoimmune Peptide Epitope of Prostein in Prostate Cancer. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:204-216. [PMID: 27700103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a demand for novel targets and approaches to diagnose and treat prostate cancer (PCA). In this context, serum and plasma samples from a total of 609 individuals from two independent patient cohorts were screened for IgG reactivity against a sum of 3833 human protein fragments. Starting from planar protein arrays with 3786 protein fragments to screen 80 patients with and without PCA diagnosis, 161 fragments (4%) were chosen for further analysis based on their reactivity profiles. Adding 71 antigens from literature, the selection of antigens was corroborated for their reactivity in a set of 550 samples using suspension bead arrays. The antigens prostein (SLC45A3), TATA-box binding protein (TBP), and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) showed higher reactivity in PCA patients with late disease compared with early disease. Because of its prostate tissue specificity, we focused on prostein and continued with mapping epitopes of the 66-mer protein fragment using patient samples. Using bead-based assays and 15-mer peptides, a minimal peptide epitope was identified and refined by alanine scanning to the KPxAPFP. Further sequence alignment of this motif revealed homology to transmembrane protein 79 (TMEM79) and TGF-beta-induced factor 2 (TGIF2), thus providing a reasoning for cross-reactivity found in females. A comprehensive workflow to discover and validate IgG reactivity against prostein and homologous targets in human serum and plasma was applied. This study provides useful information when searching for novel biomarkers or drug targets that are guided by the reactivity of the immune system against autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pin
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Frauke Henjes
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University , 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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7
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Uomori K, Nozawa K, Ikeda K, Doe K, Yamada Y, Yamaguchi A, Fujishiro M, Kawasaki M, Morimoto S, Takamori K, Sekigawa I, Chan EKL, Takasaki Y. A re-evaluation of anti-NA-14 antibodies in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: Significant role of interferon-γ in the production of autoantibodies against NA-14. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:347-56. [PMID: 27328271 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1196676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel autoantibodies against nuclear antigen of 14 kDa (NA-14)/Sjögren's syndrome nuclear antigen-1 (SSNA-1) are predominantly recognized in sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, the detailed characteristics of the anti-NA-14 antibody remain unknown. Here, we sought to clarify the characteristics of anti-SSNA-1/NA-14 antibodies and the mechanisms of autoantibody production using sera from patients with connective tissue diseases (including pSS), autoimmune sera reacting with standard autoantigens (SS-A/Ro and/or SS-B/La, ds DNA, Scl-70 and Jo-1), and normal healthy controls (NHCs). Anti-NA-14 antibodies were predominantly recognized in sera from patients with pSS and in autoimmune sera reacting with thSS-A/Ro and/or -SS-B/Lo. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that NA-14 was strongly expressed in mitotic-phase cells. Patients with pSS having anti-NA-14 antibodies exhibited significant elevation of serum IP-10 and BAFF compared to that in patients with pSS without anti-NA-14 antibodies and NHCs. Thus, our data demonstrated that anti-NA-14 antibodies could be classified as novel autoantibodies reacting with mitosis-related autoantigens predominantly recognized in pSS. Moreover, interferon-γ played an important role in the production of anti-NA-14 autoantibodies as patients with pSS having anti-NA-14 antibodies exhibited increased serum levels of IP-10 and BAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Uomori
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nozawa
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keigo Ikeda
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Kentaro Doe
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ayako Yamaguchi
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Maki Fujishiro
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Mikiko Kawasaki
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Shinji Morimoto
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Kenji Takamori
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Iwao Sekigawa
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Edward K L Chan
- c Department of Oral Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Yoshinari Takasaki
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus-complex is a highly dynamic organelle which is considered the "heart" of intracellular transportation. Since its discovery by Camillo Golgi in 1873, who described it as the "black reaction," and despite the enormous volume of publications about Golgi, this apparatus remains one of the most enigmatic of the cytoplasmic organelles. A typical mammalian Golgi consists of a parallel series of flattened, disk-shaped cisternae which align into stacks. The tremendous volume of Golgi-related incoming and outgoing traffic is mediated by different motor proteins, including members of the dynein, kinesin, and myosin families. Yet in spite of the strenuous work it performs, Golgi contrives to maintain its monolithic morphology and orchestration of matrix and residential proteins. However, in response to stress, alcohol, and treatment with many pharmacological drugs over time, Golgi undergoes a kind of disorganization which ranges from mild enlargement to critical scattering. While fragmentation of the Golgi was confirmed in cancer by electron microscopy almost fifty years ago, it is only in recent years that we have begun to understand the significance of Golgi fragmentation in the biology of tumors. Below author would like to focus on how Golgi fragmentation opens the doors for cascades of fatal pathways which may facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. Among the issues addressed will be the most important cancer-specific hallmarks of Golgi fragmentation, including aberrant glycosylation, abnormal expression of the Ras GTPases, dysregulation of kinases, and hyperactivity of myosin motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Chan EKL, Damoiseaux J, Carballo OG, Conrad K, de Melo Cruvinel W, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia-De La Torre I, Herold M, Mimori T, Satoh M, von Mühlen CA, Andrade LEC. Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014-2015. Front Immunol 2015; 6:412. [PMID: 26347739 PMCID: PMC4542633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 12th International Workshop on Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on August 28, 2014, a full day session was devoted to establishing a consensus on the nomenclature of staining patterns observed in the antinuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence test on HEp-2 cells. The current report summarizes the collective agreements with input from the host Brazilian and international communities that represented research, clinical, and diagnostic service laboratories. Patterns are categorized in three major groups (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic patterns) and each pattern has been defined and described in detail. The consensus nomenclature and representative patterns are made available online at the international consensus on antinuclear antibody pattern (ICAP) website (www.ANApatterns.org). To facilitate continuous improvement and input, specific comments on ICAP are encouraged and these will be discussed in subsequent ICAP meetings. The ultimate goal with the establishment of the ICAP is to promote harmonization and understanding of autoantibody test nomenclature, as well as interpretation guidelines for ANA testing, thereby optimizing usage in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K. L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Luis E. C. Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Kinloch AJ, Chang A, Ko K, Dunand CJH, Henderson S, Maienschein-Cleine M, Kaverina N, Rovin B, Ferrer MS, Wolfgeher D, Liarski V, Haddon DJ, Utz PJ, Wilson PC, Clark MR. Vimentin is a dominant target of in situ humoral immunity in human lupus tubulointerstitial nephritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:3359-70. [PMID: 25306868 PMCID: PMC4264660 DOI: 10.1002/art.38888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In lupus nephritis (LN), severe tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) predicts progression to renal failure. Severe TII is associated with tertiary lymphoid neogenesis and in situ antigen-driven clonal B cell selection. The autoantigen(s) driving in situ B cell selection in TII are not known. This study was undertaken to identify the dominant driving autoantigen(s). METHODS Single CD38+ or Ki-67+ B cells were laser captured from 7 biopsy specimens that were diagnostic for LN. Eighteen clonally expanded immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain variable region pairs were cloned and expressed as monoclonal antibodies. Seven more antibodies were cloned from flow-sorted CD38+ cells from an eighth biopsy specimen. Antigen characterization was performed using a combination of confocal microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, screening protoarrays, immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry. Serum IgG titers to the dominant antigen in 48 LN and 35 non-nephritic lupus samples were determined using purified antigen-coated arrays. Autoantigen expression on normal and LN kidney was localized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Eleven of 25 antibodies reacted with cytoplasmic structures, 4 reacted with nuclei, and none reacted with double-stranded DNA. Vimentin was the only autoantigen identified by both mass spectrometry and protoarray. Ten of the 11 anticytoplasmic TII antibodies directly bound vimentin. Vimentin was highly expressed by tubulointerstitial inflammatory cells, and the TII antibodies tested preferentially bound inflamed tubulointerstitium. Finally, high titers of serum antivimentin antibodies were associated with severe TII (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Vimentin, an antigenic feature of inflammation, is a dominant autoantigen targeted in situ in LN TII. This adaptive autoimmune response likely feeds forward to worsen TII and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus R Clark
- Corresponding author: Marcus R Clark, M.D., Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus & Immunology Research, University of Chicago, JFK R310, 924 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Tel.773-702-0202, Fax.773-702-8702,
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11
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Petrosyan A, Holzapfel MS, Muirhead DE, Cheng PW. Restoration of compact Golgi morphology in advanced prostate cancer enhances susceptibility to galectin-1-induced apoptosis by modifying mucin O-glycan synthesis. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1704-16. [PMID: 25086069 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0291-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate cancer progression is associated with upregulation of sialyl-T antigen produced by β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase-1 (ST3Gal1) but not with core 2-associated polylactosamine despite expression of core 2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-L (C2GnT-L/GCNT1). This property allows androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells to evade galectin-1 (LGALS1)-induced apoptosis, but the mechanism is not known. We have recently reported that Golgi targeting of glycosyltransferases is mediated by golgins: giantin (GOLGB1) for C2GnT-M (GCNT3) and GM130 (GOLGA2)-GRASP65 (GORASP1) or GM130-giantin for core 1 synthase. Here, we show that for Golgi targeting, C2GnT-L also uses giantin exclusively whereas ST3Gal1 uses either giantin or GM130-GRASP65. In addition, the compact Golgi morphology is detected in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and normal prostate cells, but fragmented Golgi and mislocalization of C2GnT-L are found in androgen-refractory cells as well as primary prostate tumors (Gleason grade 2-4). Furthermore, failure of giantin monomers to be phosphorylated and dimerized prevents Golgi from forming compact morphology and C2GnT-L from targeting the Golgi. On the other hand, ST3Gal1 reaches the Golgi by an alternate site, GM130-GRASP65. Interestingly, inhibition or knockdown of non-muscle myosin IIA (MYH9) motor protein frees up Rab6a GTPase to promote phosphorylation of giantin by polo-like kinase 3 (PLK3), which is followed by dimerization of giantin assisted by protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), and restoration of compact Golgi morphology and targeting of C2GnT-L. Finally, the Golgi relocation of C2GnT-L in androgen-refractory cells results in their increased susceptibility to galectin-1-induced apoptosis by replacing sialyl-T antigen with polylactosamine. IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates the importance of Golgi morphology and regulation of glycosylation and provides insight into how the Golgi influences cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Petrosyan
- Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Veteran Affairs Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Melissa S Holzapfel
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - David E Muirhead
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Pi-Wan Cheng
- Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Veteran Affairs Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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12
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Antibodies that bind complex glycosaminoglycans accumulate in the Golgi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11958-63. [PMID: 23818632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308620110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Light (L) chains that edit anti-DNA heavy (H) chains rescue B-cell development by suppressing DNA binding. However, exceptional editor L chains allow B cells to reach splenic compartments even though their B-cell receptors remain autoreactive. Such incompletely edited B cells express multireactive antibodies that accumulate in the Golgi and are released as insoluble, amyloid-like immune complexes. Here, we examine examples of incomplete editing from the analysis of variable to joining (VJ) gene junction of the variable (Vλx) editor L chain. When paired with the anti-DNA heavy chain, VH56R, the Vλx variants yield antibodies with differing specificities, including glycosaminoglycan reactivity. Our results implicate these specificities in the evasion of receptor editing through intracellular sequestration of IgM and the release of insoluble IgM complexes. Our findings can be extrapolated to human L chains and have implications for understanding a latent component of the Ig repertoire that could exert pathogenic and protective functions.
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13
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Vermeersch P, Bossuyt X. Prevalence and clinical significance of rare antinuclear antibody patterns. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:998-1003. [PMID: 23583982 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While some of the more frequent antinuclear (auto)antibodies (ANA) patterns such as homogenous nuclear staining have been extensively studied, the prevalence and clinical significance of rare antinuclear antibody patterns are not well understood. For the purpose of this review, we defined rare patterns as patterns occurring in less than 1% of patients that test positive on indirect immunofluorescence. The prevalence of different ANA patterns was determined in 68,128 consecutive patients who attended the outpatient clinic or were hospitalized at the University Hospitals Leuven over a 14-year period (1998-2011). To avoid bias, we only included the first sample for each patient and patients who tested positive in the period 1980-1997 were excluded. There were 9268 patients who tested positive for ANA. With the exception of the clinical association of anti-multiple nuclear dots (at higher titers) and anti-nuclear envelope autoantibodies with autoimmune liver disease, there was no good clinical association of rare ANA patterns with the diagnosis of auto-immune disorders. The most important non-autoimmune cause of rare ANA patterns was carcinoma, particularly in patients with rare cell-cycle related ANAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vermeersch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Alpini C, Lotzniker M, Valaperta S, Bottone MG, Malatesta M, Montanelli A, Merlini G. Characterization for anti-cytoplasmic antibodies specificity by morphological and molecular techniques. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2012; 3:79-85. [PMID: 26000130 PMCID: PMC4389067 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-012-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was the characterization of anti-cytoplasmic antibodies by home-made morphological and biochemical techniques. Indeed, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cell line is not always exhaustive in relation to the complexity of the antigens involved. METHODS Nine serum samples with anti-cytoplasmic antibodies (2 anti-Golgi apparatus, 3 with diffuse pattern and 4 with lysosome/endosome-like pattern) were tested with fluorescent confocal microscopy, Western blot analysis and, when necessary, with electron microscopy technique. RESULTS Confirmation of the IIF staining pattern was performed in confocal microscopy by comparison with the respective antibody marker. The anti-endoplasmatic reticulum positivity was also confirmed by electron microscopy evaluation. Both anti-lysosome/endosome and anti-endoplasmatic reticulum positivity have been definitely identified by Western blot through clear reactivity with calreticulin and LC3B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results do not aim at representing a standard routine laboratory procedure. Electron microscopy evaluation cannot be proposed as a routine approach, but confocal microscopy technique may be offered in centralized reference laboratories. Newer technologies, especially multiplex immunoassay, can also lead to an easier identification of these autoantibodies, without recurring to a home-made immunoblotting. Only with a complete characterization we will be able to define the clinical relevance of anti-cytoplasmic antibodies, which are still considered as "esoteric" and not as "diagnostic" antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alpini
- Servizio Analisi Chimico Cliniche Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Milvia Lotzniker
- Laboratorio Analisi A.O. Ospedale Civile di, Legnano, Milan Italy
| | - Serenella Valaperta
- Servizio Analisi Chimico Cliniche Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L.Spallanzani”, Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L.Spallanzani”, Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Servizio Analisi Chimico Cliniche Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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15
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Price HP, Hodgkinson MR, Curwen RS, MacLean LM, Brannigan JA, Carrington M, Smith BA, Ashford DA, Stark M, Smith DF. The orthologue of Sjögren's syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1 (SSNA1) in Trypanosoma brucei is an immunogenic self-assembling molecule. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31842. [PMID: 22363749 PMCID: PMC3282761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (PSS) is a highly prevalent autoimmune disease, typically manifesting as lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands leading to chronically impaired lacrimal and salivary secretion. Sjögren's Syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1 (SSNA1 or NA14) is a major specific target for autoantibodies in PSS but the precise function and clinical relevance of this protein are largely unknown. Orthologues of the gene are absent from many of the commonly used model organisms but are present in Chlamyodomonas reinhardtii (in which it has been termed DIP13) and most protozoa. We report the functional characterisation of the orthologue of SSNA1 in the kinetoplastid parasite, Trypanosoma brucei. Both TbDIP13 and human SSNA1 are small coiled-coil proteins which are predicted to be remote homologues of the actin-binding protein tropomyosin. We use comparative proteomic methods to identify potential interacting partners of TbDIP13. We also show evidence that TbDIP13 is able to self-assemble into fibril-like structures both in vitro and in vivo, a property which may contribute to its immunogenicity. Endogenous TbDIP13 partially co-localises with acetylated α-tubulin in the insect procyclic stage of the parasite. However, deletion of the DIP13 gene in cultured bloodstream and procyclic stages of T. brucei has little effect on parasite growth or morphology, indicating either a degree of functional redundancy or a function in an alternative stage of the parasite life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P Price
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom.
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16
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Betaine homocysteine methyl transferase 1, a novel auto-antigen associated with anti-Golgi immune reactivity. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:105-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Varma PVC, Hebbar SA, Bhat RY, Mundkur SC, Annamalai K, Bhatt S. Antigolgi antibodies in a case of autoimmune haemolytic anemia: a case report. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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18
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Khan SN, Cox JV, Nishimoto SK, Chen C, Fritzler MJ, Hendershot LM, Weigert M, Radic M. Intra-Golgi formation of IgM-glycosaminoglycan complexes promotes Ig deposition. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3198-207. [PMID: 21841132 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune complexes arise from interactions between secreted Ab and Ags in the surrounding milieu. However, it is not known whether intracellular Ag-Ab interactions also contribute to the formation of extracellular immune complexes. In this study, we report that certain murine B cell hybridomas accumulate intracellular IgM and release large, spherical IgM complexes. The complexes (termed "spherons") reach 2 μm in diameter, detach from the cell surface, and settle out of solution. The spherons contain IgM multimers that incorporate the J chain and resist degradation by endoglycosidase H, arguing for IgM passage through the Golgi. Treatment of cells with inhibitors of proteoglycan synthesis, or incubation of spherons with chondroitinase ABC, degrades spherons, indicating that spheron formation and growth depend on interactions between IgM and glycosaminoglycans. This inference is supported by direct binding of IgM to heparin and hyaluronic acid. We conclude that, as a consequence of IgM binding to glycosaminoglycans, multivalent IgM-glycan complexes form in transit of IgM to the cell surface. Intra-Golgi formation of immune complexes could represent a new pathogenic mechanism for immune complex deposition disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar N Khan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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19
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Kong J, Crissey MA, Funakoshi S, Kreindler JL, Lynch JP. Ectopic Cdx2 expression in murine esophagus models an intermediate stage in the emergence of Barrett's esophagus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18280. [PMID: 21494671 PMCID: PMC3071814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is an intestinal metaplasia that occurs in the setting of chronic acid and bile reflux and is associated with a risk for adenocarcinoma. Expression of intestine-specific transcription factors in the esophagus likely contributes to metaplasia development. Our objective was to explore the effects of an intestine-specific transcription factor when expressed in the mouse esophageal epithelium. Transgenic mice were derived in which the transcription factor Cdx2 is expressed in squamous epithelium using the murine Keratin-14 gene promoter. Effects of the transgene upon cell proliferation and differentiation, gene expression, and barrier integrity were explored. K14-Cdx2 mice express the Cdx2 transgene in esophageal squamous tissues. Cdx2 expression was associated with reduced basal epithelial cell proliferation and altered cell morphology. Ultrastructurally two changes were noted. Cdx2 expression was associated with dilated space between the basal cells and diminished cell-cell adhesion caused by reduced Desmocollin-3 mRNA and protein expression. This compromised epithelial barrier function, as the measured trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the K14-Cdx2 epithelium was significantly reduced compared to controls (1189 Ohm*cm(2) ±343.5 to 508 Ohm*cm(2)±92.48, p = 0.0532). Secondly, basal cells with features of a transitional cell type, intermediate between keratinocytes and columnar Barrett's epithelial cells, were observed. These cells had reduced keratin bundles and increased endoplasmic reticulum levels, suggesting the adoption of secretory-cell features. Moreover, at the ultrastructural level they resembled "Distinctive" cells associated with multilayered epithelium. Treatment of the K14-Cdx2 mice with 5'-Azacytidine elicited expression of BE-associated genes including Cdx1, Krt18, and Slc26a3/Dra, suggesting the phenotype could be advanced under certain conditions. We conclude that ectopic Cdx2 expression in keratinocytes alters cell proliferation, barrier function, and differentiation. These altered cells represent a transitional cell type between normal squamous and columnar BE cells. The K14-Cdx2 mice represent a useful model to study progression from squamous epithelium to BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Crissey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shinsuke Funakoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James L. Kreindler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John P. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Nozawa K, Ikeda K, Satoh M, Reeves WH, Stewart CM, Li YC, Yen TJ, Rios RM, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Sekigawa I, Takasaki Y, Chan EKL. Autoantibody to NA14 is an independent marker primarily for Sjogren's syndrome. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2009; 14:3733-9. [PMID: 19273306 DOI: 10.2741/3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Autoantigen of 14 kDa (NA14) was originally identified using the serum of a Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patient as probe in screening a human testis cDNA expression library. To date there is no report in the systematic analysis of the prevalence of autoantibodies to NA14. In this study, anti-NA14 was determined in several rheumatic diseases from independent cohorts in the US and Japan. The prevalence of anti-NA14 were 18/132 (13.6%) in primary SS, 0/50 (0%) secondary SS, 2/100 (2%) SLE, 1/43 (2.3%) scleroderma, 0/54 (0%) rheumatoid arthritis, 1/29 (3.4%) polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and 0/58 (0%) normal healthy controls. The frequencies of anti-NA14 positive sera in primary SS are statistically greater than normal healthy controls (p=0.006), secondary SS (p=0.044), and other rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, among 11 anti-NA14 positive primary SS sera, 4/11 (36.3%) sera were negative for both anti-SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La antibodies. Thus anti-NA14 autoantibodies may be useful for the discrimination of primary versus secondary SS and serve as a diagnostic marker for primary SS especially in seronegative (anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies negative) patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nozawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu hospital, Institute for Environment and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Nozawa K, Fritzler MJ, Ikeda K, Takasaki Y, Satoh M, Chan EK. Differential Anti-Golgi Complex Autoantibody Production Following Murine Lactate Dehydrogenase-Elevating Virus Infection. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:13-25. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970701812191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Fritzler MJ. Advances in understanding newer autoantibodies and their role as biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:393-408. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Valbuena A, López-Sánchez I, Vega FM, Sevilla A, Sanz-García M, Blanco S, Lazo PA. Identification of a dominant epitope in human vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) and detection of different intracellular subpopulations. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 465:219-26. [PMID: 17617371 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The human VRK1 is a new ser-thr kinase expressed in many cell types. VRK1 is a regulator of p53 and other transcription factors related with cellular responses to stress. The human VRK1 protein has a dominant epitope located in its C-terminal region, between residues 333 and 396, which is detected by different antibodies. All the antibodies detect the same protein in immunoblots and immunoprecipitations. But the antibodies have a different reactivity when a single aminoacid substitution in T355, mimicking phosphorylation, is introduced next to the nuclear localization signal. These differences in reactivity permit the identification of different intracellular subpopulations. Most of the intracellular VRK1 protein is nuclear, but in some cells it is also detected in the cytosol, depending on the type of tissue. These different locations are detected by immunohistochemistry of human biopsies and immunofluorescence of cell lines. Some antibodies identify a subpopulation within the vesicular system, particularly in the Golgi apparatus. The different reactivity of the VRK1 protein indicates that this protein has a subcellular localization that can be regulated, thus adding an additional level of regulatory complexity to the VRK1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valbuena
- Programa de Oncología Translacional, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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25
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Callado MRM, Viana VST, Vendramini MBG, Leon EP, Bueno C, Velosa APP, Teodoro WR, Yoshinari NH. Autoantibody profile in the experimental model of scleroderma induced by type V human collagen. Immunology 2007; 122:38-46. [PMID: 17442023 PMCID: PMC2265984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study is to evaluate the humoral autoimmune response in the experimental model of systemic sclerosis (SSc) induced by human type V collagen (huCol V). New Zealand rabbits were immunized with huCol V in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and boosted twice with 15 days intervals with huCol V in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Control groups included animals injected only with FCA or bovine serum albumin. Bleeding was done at days 0, 30, 75 and 120. Tissue specimens were obtained for histopathological investigation. Serological analysis included detection of antibodies against huCol V and anti-topoisomerase I (Anti-Scl70) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence, and rheumatoid factor (RF) by a latex agglutination test. Target antigens were characterized by immunoblot. Histological analysis revealed extracellular matrix remodeling with fibrosis and vasculitis. Anti-Scl70 and ANA were detected as early as 30 days in all huCol V animals. The universal ANA staining pattern was Golgi-like. This serum reactivity was not abolished by previous absorption with huCol V. Characterization of the target antigen by immunoblot revealed two major protein fractions of 175,000 and 220,000 MW. Similarly to ANA, there was a gradual increase of reactivity throughout the immunization and also it was not abolished by preincubation of serum samples with huCol V. RF testing was negative in hyperimmune sera. CONCLUSION The production of autoantibodies, including anti-Scl70, a serological marker for SSc associated with histopathological alterations, validates huCol V induced-experimental model and brings out its potential for understanding the pathophysiology of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R M Callado
- Department of Rheumatology, Fortaleza General Hospital, Ceará, Brazil.
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26
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Sehgal PB, Mukhopadhyay S. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: a disease of tethers, SNAREs and SNAPs? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H77-85. [PMID: 17416597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01386.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Histological and electron microscopic studies over the past four decades have highlighted "plump," "enlarged" endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblastic cellular elements with increased endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi stacks, and vacuolation in pulmonary arterial lesions in human and in experimental (hypoxia and monocrotaline) pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the contribution of disrupted intracellular membrane trafficking in the pathobiology of this disease has received insufficient attention. Recent studies suggest a pathogenetic role of the disruption of intracellular trafficking of vasorelevant proteins and cell-surface receptors in the development of this disease. The purpose of this essay is to highlight the molecular regulation of vesicular trafficking by membrane tethers, SNAREs and SNAPs, and to suggest how their dysfunction, directly and/or indirectly, might contribute to development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in experimental models and in humans, including that due to mutations in bone morphogenetic receptor type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin B Sehgal
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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27
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Lu Y, Ye P, Chen SL, Tan EM, Chan EKL. Identification of kinectin as a novel Behçet's disease autoantigen. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R1133-9. [PMID: 16207330 PMCID: PMC1257442 DOI: 10.1186/ar1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been some evidence that Behçet's disease (BD) has a significant autoimmune component but the molecular identity of putative autoantigens has not been well characterized. In the initial analysis of the autoantibody profile in 39 Chinese BD patients, autoantibodies to cellular proteins were uncovered in 23% as determined by immunoblotting. We have now identified one of the major autoantibody specificities using expression cloning. Serum from a BD patient was used as a probe to immunoscreen a λZAP expression cDNA library. Candidate autoantigen cDNAs were characterized by direct nucleotide sequencing and their expressed products were examined for reactivity to the entire panel of BD sera using immunoprecipitation. Reactivity was also examined with normal control sera and disease control sera from patients with lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. Six independent candidate clones were isolated from the cDNA library screen and were identified as overlapping partial human kinectin cDNAs. The finding that kinectin was an autoantigen was verified in 9 out of 39 (23%) BD patient sera by immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products. Sera from controls showed no reactivity. The significance of kinectin as a participant in autoimmune pathogenesis in BD and the potential use of autoantibody to kinectin in serodiagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun-le Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eng M Tan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward KL Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
Here we summarize recent advances in the characterization of autoimmune antigens associated with the Golgi complex. All Golgi autoantigens identified to date are high molecular weight proteins rich in coiled-coil domains and localized to the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi cisternae. The characteristic features of these Golgi autoantigens are interestingly similar to selected human autoantigens reported in other intracellular compartments such as endosome, centrosome, and centromere. The implication of this class of autoantigens in autoimmunity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nozawa
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Health Science Center, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
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Ou Y, Enarson P, Rattner JB, Barr SG, Fritzler MJ. The nuclear pore complex protein Tpr is a common autoantigen in sera that demonstrate nuclear envelope staining by indirect immunofluorescence. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:379-87. [PMID: 15086405 PMCID: PMC1809020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the autoantigen targets of 75 human sera that had antibodies to the nuclear envelope (NE) as identified by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells. Several different IIF staining patterns could be identified when antibodies to different components of the nuclear membrane (NM) and nuclear pore complexes (NuPC) were identified: a smooth membrane pattern characteristic of antibodies to nuclear lamins, a punctate pattern typical of antibodies to the nuclear pore complex and more complex patterns that included antibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic organelles. Western immunoblotting of isolated nuclear and NE proteins and immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled recombinant proteins prepared by using the full-length cDNAs of the Translocated promoter region (Tpr), gp210 and p62 were used to identify specific autoantibody targets. Fifty-two of the 75 (70%) sera bound to Tpr, 25 (33%) bound to lamins A, B or C, 15 (20%) reacted with gp210 and none reacted with p62. Sixteen (21%) did not react with any of the NE components tested in our assays. The clinical features of 37 patients with anti-NE showed that there were 34 females and three males with an age range of 16-88 years (mean 59 years). The most frequent clinical diagnosis (9/37 = 24%) was autoimmune liver disease (ALD; two with primary biliary cirrhosis), followed by seven (19%) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), four (11%) with a motor and/or sensory neuropathy, three (8%) with anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), two with systemic sclerosis (SSc), two with Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), and others with a variety of diagnoses. This report indicates that Tpr, a component of the NuPC, is a common target of human autoantibodies that react with the NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Enarson P, Rattner JB, Ou Y, Miyachi K, Horigome T, Fritzler MJ. Autoantigens of the nuclear pore complex. J Mol Med (Berl) 2004; 82:423-33. [PMID: 15175862 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-004-0554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is one of many intracellular targets of the autoimmune response in patients with autoimmune liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and related conditions. In eukaryotic organisms the NE consists of five interconnected regions: an outer nuclear membrane (ONM) that is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, an intermembrane or perinuclear space, an inner nuclear membrane (INM) with a unique set of integral membrane proteins, the underlying nuclear lamina, and the pore domains that are regions where the ONM and INM come together. The pore domains are sites of regulated continuity between the cytoplasm and nucleus that are occupied by supramolecular structures, termed nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Human autoantibodies identified to date bind to specific components in three of the five NE compartments. Autoantigen targets include the lamins A, B, and C of the nuclear lamina, gp210, p62 complex proteins, Nup153, and Tpr within the NPC, and LBR, MAN1, LAP1, and LAP2 that are integral proteins of the INM. Autoantibodies to these NE targets have been shown to be correlated with various autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, other autoimmune liver diseases and systemic rheumatic diseases. Now that the proteome of the NE is more clearly defined, other autoantibodies to components in this cell compartment are likely to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Enarson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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