1
|
Zhu Y, Li L. Wood of trees: Cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:443-467. [PMID: 38032010 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization, forest coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply. Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests. Thus, understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality, fast-growing plantation trees. Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many. Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular, genetic, and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation, and considerable progress and findings have been achieved. These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement. This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation, as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees, and address future development prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nawaz MA, Khalil HK, Azeem F, Ali MA, Pamirsky IE, Golokhvast KS, Yang SH, Atif RM, Chung G. In Silico Comparison of WRKY Transcription Factors in Wild and Cultivated Soybean and Their Co-expression Network Arbitrating Disease Resistance. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10701-z. [PMID: 38411942 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
WRKY Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in plant defence mechanisms that are activated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information on the Glycine soja WRKYs (GsoWRKYs) is scarce. Owing to its importance in soybean breeding, here we identified putative WRKY TFs in wild soybean, and compared the results with Glycine max WRKYs (GmaWRKYs) by phylogenetic, conserved motif, and duplication analyses. Moreover, we explored the expression trends of WRKYs in G. max (oomycete, fungi, virus, bacteria, and soybean cyst nematode) and G. soja (soybean cyst nematode), and identified commonly expressed WRKYs and their co-expressed genes. We identified, 181 and 180 putative WRKYs in G. max and G. soja, respectively. Though the number of WRKYs in both studied species is almost the same, they differ in many ways, i.e., the number of WRKYs on corresponding chromosomes, conserved domain structures, WRKYGQK motif variants, and zinc-finger motifs. WRKYs in both species grouped in three major clads, i.e., I-III, where group-II had sub-clads IIa-IIe. We found that GsoWRKYs expanded mostly through segmental duplication. A large number of WRKYs were expressed in response to biotic stresses, i.e., Phakospora pachyrhizi, Phytoplasma, Heterodera glycines, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Soybean mosaic virus; 56 GmaWRKYs were commonly expressed in soybean plants infected with these diseases. Finally, 30 and 63 GmaWRKYs and GsoWRKYs co-expressed with 205 and 123 non-WRKY genes, respectively, indicating that WRKYs play essential roles in biotic stress tolerance in Glycine species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Advanced Engineering School (Agrobiotek), Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave, 36, Tomsk Oblast, Russia, 634050.
- Center for Research in the Field of Materials and Technologies, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Hafiz Kashif Khalil
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics / CAS-AFS, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Igor Eduardovich Pamirsky
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of AgrobiotechnologyCentralnaya, Presidium, Krasnoobsk, Russia, 633501
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Advanced Engineering School (Agrobiotek), Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave, 36, Tomsk Oblast, Russia, 634050
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of AgrobiotechnologyCentralnaya, Presidium, Krasnoobsk, Russia, 633501
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, Tomsk State University, Lenin Str. 36, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu Campus, Yeosu-si, 59626, South Korea
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics / CAS-AFS, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab, National Centre in Big Data and Cloud Computing, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu Campus, Yeosu-si, 59626, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karunarathne SI, Spokevicius AV, Bossinger G, Golz JF. Trees need closure too: Wound-induced secondary vascular tissue regeneration. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111950. [PMID: 38070652 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Trees play a pivotal role in terrestrial ecosystems as well as being an important natural resource. These attributes are primarily associated with the capacity of trees to continuously produce woody tissue from the vascular cambium, a ring of stem cells located just beneath the bark. Long-lived trees are exposed to a myriad of biological and environmental stresses that may result in wounding, leading to a loss of bark and the underlying vascular cambium. This affects both wood formation and the quality of timber arising from the tree. In addition, the exposed wound site is a potential entry point for pathogens that cause disease. In response to wounding, trees have the capacity to regenerate lost or damaged tissues at this site. Investigating gene expression changes associated with different stages of wound healing reveals complex and dynamic changes in the activity of transcription factors, signalling pathways and hormone responses. In this review we summarise these data and discuss how they relate to our current understanding of vascular cambium formation and xylem differentiation during secondary growth. Based on this analysis, a model for wound healing that provides the conceptual foundations for future studies aimed at understanding this intriguing process is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachinthani I Karunarathne
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Antanas V Spokevicius
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gerd Bossinger
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John F Golz
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu C, Zhao M, Ma H, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu S, Wang Y, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Y. The NAC Transcription Factor PgNAC41-2 Gene Involved in the Regulation of Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11946. [PMID: 37569353 PMCID: PMC10418625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a perennial herb of the Araliaceae family, a traditional and valuable Chinese herb in China. The main active component of ginseng is ginsenoside. The NAC transcription factors belong to a large family of plant-specific transcription factors, which are involved in growth and development, stress response and secondary metabolism. In this study, we mapped the NAC gene family on 24 pairs of ginseng chromosomes and found numerous gene replications in the genome. The NAC gene PgNAC41-2, found to be highly related to ginsenoside synthesis, was specifically screened. The phylogeny and expression pattern of the PgNAC41-2 gene were analyzed, along with the derived protein sequence, and a structure model was generated. Furthermore, the PgNAC41-2 gene was cloned and overexpressed by a Rhizobium rhizogenes mediated method, using ginseng petioles as receptor material. The saponin content of the transformed material was analyzed to verify the function of the NAC transcription factor in ginseng. Our results indicate that the PgNAC41-2 gene positively regulates the biosynthesis of saponins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hedan Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sizhang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Laboratory for Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao T, Yuan G, Lu H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen JG, Yang X. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene activation and base editing in Populus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad085. [PMID: 37323227 PMCID: PMC10266945 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The genus Populus has long been used for environmental, agroforestry and industrial applications worldwide. Today Populus is also recognized as a desirable crop for biofuel production and a model tree for physiological and ecological research. As such, various modern biotechnologies, including CRISPR/Cas9-based techniques, have been actively applied to Populus for genetic and genomic improvements for traits such as increased growth rate and tailored lignin composition. However, CRISPR/Cas9 has been primarily used as the active Cas9 form to create knockouts in the hybrid poplar clone "717-1B4" (P. tremula x P. alba clone INRA 717-1B4). Alternative CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies, e.g. those involving modified Cas9 for gene activation and base editing, have not been evaluated in most Populus species for their efficacy. Here we employed a deactivated Cas9 (dCas9)-based CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) technique to fine-tune the expression of two target genes, TPX2 and LecRLK-G which play important roles in plant growth and defense response, in hybrid poplar clone "717-1B4" and poplar clone "WV94" (P. deltoides "WV94"), respectively. We observed that CRISPRa resulted in 1.2-fold to 7.0-fold increase in target gene expression through transient expression in protoplasts and Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation, demonstrating the effectiveness of dCas9-based CRISPRa system in Populus. In addition, we applied Cas9 nickase (nCas9)-based cytosine base editor (CBE) to precisely introduce premature stop codons via C-to-T conversion, with an efficiency of 13%-14%, in the target gene PLATZ which encodes a transcription factor involved in plant fungal pathogen response in hybrid poplar clone "717-1B4". Overall, we showcase the successful application of CRISPR/Cas-based technologies in gene expression regulation and precise gene engineering in two Populus species, facilitating the adoption of emerging genome editing tools in woody species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Liu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University; Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Y, Li P, Ma F, Huang D, Xing W, Wu B, Sun P, Xu B, Song S. Characterization of the NAC Transcription Factor in Passion Fruit ( Passiflora edulis) and Functional Identification of PeNAC-19 in Cold Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1393. [PMID: 36987081 PMCID: PMC10051797 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) gene family plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress response. However, up to now, the identification and research of the NAC (PeNAC) family members of passion fruit are still lacking. In this study, 25 PeNACs were identified from the passion fruit genome, and their functions under abiotic stress and at different fruit-ripening stages were analyzed. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcriptome sequencing results of PeNACs under four various abiotic stresses (drought, salt, cold and high temperature) and three different fruit-ripening stages, and verified the expression results of some genes by qRT-PCR. Additionally, tissue-specific analysis showed that most PeNACs were mainly expressed in flowers. In particular, PeNAC-19 was induced by four various abiotic stresses. At present, low temperatures have seriously endangered the development of passion fruit cultivation. Therefore, PeNAC-19 was transformed into tobacco, yeast and Arabidopsis to study their function of resisting low temperature. The results show that PeNAC-19 responded to cold stress significantly in tobacco and Arabidopsis, and could improve the low temperature tolerance of yeast. This study not only improved the understanding of the PeNAC gene family characteristics and evolution, but also provided new insights into the regulation of the PeNAC gene at different stages of fruit maturation and abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 571101, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 571101, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Funing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 571101, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 571101, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Wenting Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Peiguang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Binqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Shun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 571101, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 571101, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo S, Zheng Y, Meng D, Zhao X, Sang Z, Tan J, Deng Z, Lang Z, Zhang B, Wang Q, Bouzayen M, Zuo J. DNA and coding/non-coding RNA methylation analysis provide insights into tomato fruit ripening. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:399-413. [PMID: 36004545 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ripening is the last, irreversible developmental stage during which fruit become palatable, thus promoting seed dispersal by frugivory. In Alisa Craig fruit, mRNAs with increasing m5C levels, such as STPK and WRKY 40, were identified as being involved in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, two mRNAs involved in cell wall metabolism, PG and EXP-B1, also presented increased m5C levels. In the Nr mutant, several m5C-modified mRNAs involved in fruit ripening, including those encoding WRKY and MADS-box proteins, were found. Targets of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs with different m5C sites were also found; these targets included 2-alkenal reductase, soluble starch synthase 1, WRKY, MADS-box, and F-box/ketch-repeat protein SKIP11. A combined analysis of changes in 5mC methylation and mRNA revealed many differentially expressed genes with differentially methylated regions encoding transcription factors and key enzymes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction; these included ERF084, EIN3, AP2/ERF, ACO5, ACS7, EIN3/4, EBF1, MADS-box, AP2/ERF, and ETR1. Taken together, our findings contribute to the global understanding of the mechanisms underlying fruit ripening, thereby providing new information for both fruit and post-harvest behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susu Guo
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Demei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhaoze Sang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Regulation of Xylem Development by Transcription Factors and Their Upstream MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710134. [PMID: 36077531 PMCID: PMC9456210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylem, as a unique organizational structure of vascular plants, bears water transport and supports functions necessary for plant survival. Notably, secondary xylem in the stem (i.e., wood) also has important economic and ecological value. In view of this, the regulation of xylem development has been widely concerned. In recent years, studies on model plants Arabidopsis and poplar have shown that transcription factors play important regulatory roles in various processes of xylem development, including the directional differentiation of procambium and cambium into xylem, xylem arrangement patterns, secondary cell wall formation and programmed cell death. This review focuses on the regulatory roles of widely and thoroughly studied HD-ZIP, MYB and NAC transcription factor gene families in xylem development, and it also pays attention to the regulation of their upstream microRNAs. In addition, the existing questions in the research and future research directions are prospected.
Collapse
|
9
|
Payyavula RS, Badmi R, Jawdy SS, Rodriguez M, Gunter L, Sykes RW, Winkeler KA, Collins CM, Rottmann WH, Chen J, Yang X, Tuskan GA, Kalluri UC. Biomass formation and sugar release efficiency of Populus modified by altered expression of a NAC transcription factor. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e419. [PMID: 35979037 PMCID: PMC9373907 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Woody biomass is an important feedstock for biofuel production. Manipulation of wood properties that enable efficient conversion of biomass to biofuel reduces cost of biofuel production. Wood cell wall composition is regulated at several levels that involve expression of transcription factors such as wood-/secondary cell wall-associated NAC domains (WND or SND). In Arabidopsis thaliana, SND1 regulates cell wall composition through activation of its down-stream targets such as MYBs. The functional aspects of SND1 homologs in the woody Populus have been studied through transgenic manipulation. In this study, we investigated the role of PdWND1B, Populus SND1 sequence ortholog, in wood formation using transgenic manipulation through over-expression or silencing under the control of a vascular-specific 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) promoter. As compared with control plants, PdWND1B-RNAi plants were shorter in height, with significantly reduced stem diameter and dry biomass, whereas there were no significant differences in growth and productivity of PdWND1B over-expression plants. Conversely, PdWND1B over-expression lines showed a significant reduction in cellulose and increase in lignin content, whereas there was no significant impact on lignin content of downregulated lines. Stem carbohydrate composition analysis revealed a decrease in glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose, but an increase in xylose in the over-expression lines. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of several downstream transcription factors and secondary cell wall related structural genes in the PdWND1B over-expression lines, partly explaining the observed phenotypic changes in cell wall chemistry. Relative to the control, glucose release efficiency and ethanol production from stem biomass was significantly reduced in over-expression lines. Our results show that PdWND1B is an important factor determining biomass productivity, cell wall chemistry and its conversion to biofuels in Populus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja S. Payyavula
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Raghuram Badmi
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Sara S. Jawdy
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Lee Gunter
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Robert W. Sykes
- The Biosciences CenterNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenColoradoUSA
| | | | | | | | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- BioEnergy Science Centre, Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yin DJ, Ye SJ, Sun XY, Chen QY, Min T, Wang HX, Wang LM. Integrative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Genes Involved in Phenylpropanoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in the Trapa bispinosa Roxb. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913265. [PMID: 35873984 PMCID: PMC9302371 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trapa bispinosa Roxb. is grown worldwide as an important aquatic cash crop. Current research on Trapa bispinosa primarily focuses on the separation and identification of active ingredients, as well as the inhibitory effect on tumors; however, research on the molecular mechanism of secondary metabolite accumulation is rather limited. Consequently, an integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome is required to identify the key metabolic pathways, and key genes, and to explain the molecular mechanism of Trapa bispinosa. RESULTS The biosynthesis pathways of phenolics in Trapa bispinosa were examined through transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Transcriptome analysis yielded 42.76 million clean reads representing 81,417 unigenes with an average length of 1,752 bp. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that 1,623 unigenes, including 88 candidate unigenes related to phenolics biosynthesis, were up-regulated in Trapa bispinosa shell (FR) when compared to leaves (LF), root (RT), and stem (ST). The FR vs. LF group had the highest number of specific genes involved in phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis pathways compared to all other comparison groups. In addition, RNA sequencing revealed 18,709 SSRs spanning 14,820 unigenes and 4,387 unigenes encoding transcription factors. Metabolome analysis identified 793 metabolites, including 136 flavonoids and 31 phenylpropane compounds. In the FR group compared to the LF group, there were 202 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). The combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated a significant correlation between 1,050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 62 DAMs. This view proposes a schematic of flavonoid biosynthesis in the FR vs. LF group, providing evidence for the differences in genes and metabolites between FR and LF. CONCLUSION In this study, through de novo transcriptome assembly and metabolome analysis, several DEGs and DAMs were identified, which were subsequently used to build flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and a correlation network. The findings pave the way for future research into the molecular mechanisms and functional characterization of Trapa bispinosa candidate genes for phenolics biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jie Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Jie Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin-Yi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Xun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baez LA, Tichá T, Hamann T. Cell wall integrity regulation across plant species. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:483-504. [PMID: 35674976 PMCID: PMC9213367 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are highly dynamic and chemically complex structures surrounding all plant cells. They provide structural support, protection from both abiotic and biotic stress as well as ensure containment of turgor. Recently evidence has accumulated that a dedicated mechanism exists in plants, which is monitoring the functional integrity of cell walls and initiates adaptive responses to maintain integrity in case it is impaired during growth, development or exposure to biotic and abiotic stress. The available evidence indicates that detection of impairment involves mechano-perception, while reactive oxygen species and phytohormone-based signaling processes play key roles in translating signals generated and regulating adaptive responses. More recently it has also become obvious that the mechanisms mediating cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern triggered immunity are interacting with each other to modulate the adaptive responses to biotic stress and cell wall integrity impairment. Here we will review initially our current knowledge regarding the mode of action of the maintenance mechanism, discuss mechanisms mediating responses to biotic stresses and highlight how both mechanisms may modulate adaptive responses. This first part will be focused on Arabidopsis thaliana since most of the relevant knowledge derives from this model organism. We will then proceed to provide perspective to what extent the relevant molecular mechanisms are conserved in other plant species and close by discussing current knowledge of the transcriptional machinery responsible for controlling the adaptive responses using selected examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alonso Baez
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tereza Tichá
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Z, Peng Z, Liu S, Leng H, Luo J, Wang F, Yi Y, Resco de Dios V, Lucas GR, Yao Y, Gao Y. Overexpression of PeNAC122 gene promotes wood formation and tolerance to osmotic stress in poplars. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13751. [PMID: 36004736 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Finding the adequate balance between wood formation and abiotic stress resistance is still an important challenge for industrial woody crops. In this study, PeNAC122, a member of the NAC transcription factor (TF) family highly expressed in xylem, was cloned from Populus euphratica. Tissue expression and β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that PeNAC122 was exclusively expressed in phloem fiber and secondary xylem of stems. Subcellular and yeast transactivation assays confirmed that PeNAC122 protein existed in the nucleus and did not have transcriptional activation and inhibitory activity. Overexpression of PeNAC122 poplar lines exhibited reduced plant height, thickened xylem, and accumulated lignin content in stems, and also upregulates the expression of secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes. Moreover, overexpression of PeNAC122 lines displayed more tolerance to PEG6000-induced osmotic stress, with stronger photosynthetic performance, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaves, and higher expression levels of stress response genes DREB2A, RD29, and NCED3. These results indicate that PeNAC122 plays a crucial role in wood formation and abiotic stress tolerance, which, in addition to potential use in improving wood quality, provides further insight into the role of NAC family TFs in balancing wood development and abiotic stress resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoxi Peng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- Institute of Forestry, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gutiérrez Rodríguez Lucas
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Current Understanding of the Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Wood Formation in Plants. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071181. [PMID: 35885964 PMCID: PMC9319765 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike herbaceous plants, woody plants undergo volumetric growth (a.k.a. secondary growth) through wood formation, during which the secondary xylem (i.e., wood) differentiates from the vascular cambium. Wood is the most abundant biomass on Earth and, by absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide, functions as one of the largest carbon sinks. As a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source, lignocellulosic biomass can help address environmental pollution and the global climate crisis. Studies of Arabidopsis and poplar as model plants using various emerging research tools show that the formation and proliferation of the vascular cambium and the differentiation of xylem cells require the modulation of multiple signals, including plant hormones, transcription factors, and signaling peptides. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the molecular mechanism of wood formation, one of the most important biological processes on Earth.
Collapse
|
14
|
Meru G, Fu Y, Shrestha S, Michael VN, Dorval M, Mainviel R. Genomic Position and Markers Associated with the Hull-Less Seed Trait in Pumpkin. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1238. [PMID: 35567238 PMCID: PMC9103792 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seeds are nutritious and valued as a source of vegetable oil, protein, healthy fatty acids, and minerals. Pumpkin seeds that are naturally devoid of the seedcoat (hull-less) are preferred by the industry as they eliminate the need for de-hulling prior to use. A single recessive gene, designated as n or h, controls the hull-less seed trait in pumpkin. Visual selection for the trait is easy, however, it is resource intensive when applied to large breeding populations. High throughput genotyping assays can aid in the identification of suitable individuals in segregating populations through marker-assisted selection. In the current study, the QTL-seq approach was used to identify genetic loci, SNP markers and candidate genes associated with the hull-less trait in a segregating F2 population (n = 143) derived from a cross between Kakai (hull-less) × Table Gold Acorn (hulled). The segregation of the hull-less trait in the F2 population fit a 3:1 ratio (p < 0.05). QTL-seq analysis detected a single QTL on chromosome 12 (Qtlhull-less-C12) which was significantly associated with the hull-less trait in C. pepo. Twenty-eight SNPs were genotyped in the population, two among which (Ch12_3412046 and Ch12_3417142) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the hull-less trait in cultivars and accessions of diverse genetic background. Several candidate genes fall within the Qtlhull-less-C12 interval, among them is the No Apical meristem (NAC) domain-containing protein and a Fiber Protein fb11 gene involved in lignin accumulation and cell wall deposition across plant species, respectively. The findings of this study will facilitate the marker-assisted selection for the hull-less seed trait in pumpkin and further our understanding of the functional mechanisms underlying the trait across cucurbit crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Meru
- The Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 ST Homestead, Gainesville, FL 33031, USA; (Y.F.); (S.S.); (V.N.M.); (M.D.); (R.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Qi Y, Zhao C, Wang X, Zhang Q. Transcriptome Profiling of the Salt Stress Response in the Leaves and Roots of Halophytic Eutrema salsugineum. Front Genet 2021; 12:770742. [PMID: 34868259 PMCID: PMC8637539 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.770742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutrema salsugineum can grow in natural harsh environments; however, the underlying mechanisms for salt tolerance of Eutrema need to be further understood. Herein, the transcriptome profiling of Eutrema leaves and roots exposed to 300 mM NaCl is investigated, and the result emphasized the role of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, autophagy, peroxisome, and sugar metabolism upon salt stress. Furthermore, the expression of the lignin biosynthesis and autophagy-related genes, as well as 16 random selected genes, was validated by qRT-PCR. Notably, the transcript abundance of a large number of lignin biosynthesis genes such as CCoAOMT, C4H, CCR, CAD, POD, and C3′H in leaves was markedly elevated by salt shock. And the examined lignin content in leaves and roots demonstrated salt stress led to lignin accumulation, which indicated the enhanced lignin level could be an important mechanism for Eutrema responding to salt stress. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) assigned in the autophagy pathway including Vac8, Atg8, and Atg4, as well as DEGs enriched in the peroxisome pathway such as EsPEX7, EsCAT, and EsSOD2, were markedly induced in leaves and/or roots. In sugar metabolism pathways, the transcript levels of most DEGs associated with the synthesis of sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, and xylose were significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the expression of various stress-related transcription factor genes including WRKY, AP2/ERF-ERF, NAC, bZIP, MYB, C2H2, and HSF was strikingly improved. Collectively, the increased expression of biosynthesis genes of lignin and soluble sugars, as well as the genes in the autophagy and peroxisome pathways, suggested that Eutrema encountering salt shock possibly possess a higher capacity to adjust osmotically and facilitate water transport and scavenge reactive oxidative species and oxidative proteins to cope with the salt environment. Thus, this study provides a new insight for exploring the salt tolerance mechanism of halophytic Eutrema and discovering new gene targets for the genetic improvement of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiao Y, Ling J, Yi F, Ma W, Lu N, Zhu T, Wang J, Zhao K, Yun H. Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolic Profiles of Catalpa bungei Tension Wood Reveal New Insight Into Lignin Biosynthesis Involving Transcription Factor Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704262. [PMID: 34868103 PMCID: PMC8634757 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer in plant cell walls whose proportion is second only to that of cellulose and plays an important role in the mechanical properties of wood and stress resistance of plants. Here, we induced tension wood (TW) formation in Catalpa bungei by artificial bending and analyzed the lignin metabolism of the TW. LC-MS analysis showed that a significantly higher content of coniferyl aldehyde was observed in the TW cell wall than in the opposite wood (OW) and normal wood (NW) cell walls. TW had significantly lower contents of coniferyl alcohol than OW and NW. Raman spectroscopy results indicated that TW had lower total lignin than OW and NW. The transcription and translation levels of most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lignin monomer biosynthesis indicated upregulation in TW/OW and TW/NW. We found no significant difference in the transcription levels of three collision gases (CADs) between TW and OW or between NW, but their translation levels were significantly downregulated in TW, suggesting post-transcriptional control for CAD. We predicted and analyzed transcription factors that could target DEGs involved in lignin monomer biosynthesis in TW. Based on the analysis of the relationships of targeting and coexpression, we found that NAC (evm.model.group1.695) could potentially target 4CLs and CCoAOMT, that HD-Zip (evm.model.group7.1157) had potential targeting relationships with CCoAOMT, F5H, and CCR, and that their expression levels were significantly positive. It is speculated that the upregulation of NAC and HD-ZIP transcription factors activates the expression of downstream target genes, which leads to a significant increase in coniferyl aldehyde in TW. However, the decrease in total lignin in TW may be caused by the significant downregulation of CAD translation and the significant decrease in precursors (coniferyl alcohol). Whether the expression of CAD genes is regulated by post-transcriptional control and affects TW lignin metabolism needs further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang, China
| | - Huiling Yun
- Xiaolongshan Research Institute of Forest Science and Technology, Tianshui, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhang R, Liu P, Liu M, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Wang L, Chen X, Xu H. The regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:238. [PMID: 34719675 PMCID: PMC8558337 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development. However, there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation. In this study, we investigated the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube. The cellulose content decreased, while the lignin content increased in the winter jujube pericarp during pigmentation. Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the cellulose content was higher in the cell wall of winter jujube prior to pigmentation, whereas the lignin in the cell wall increased after pigmentation. The thickness of the epidermal cells decreased with pericarp pigmentation. A combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that guaiacyl-syringyl (G-S) lignin was the main lignin type in the pericarp of winter jujube, and F5H (LOC107424406) and CCR (LOC107420974) were preliminarily identified as the key genes modulating lignin biosynthesis in winter jujube. Seventeen MYB and six NAC transcription factors (TFs) with potential regulation of lignin biosynthesis were screened out based on phylogenetic analysis. Three MYB and two NAC TFs were selected as candidate genes and further studied in detail. Arabidopsis ectopic expression and winter jujube pericarp injection of the candidate genes indicated that the MYB activator (LOC107425254) and the MYB repressor (LOC107415078) control lignin biosynthesis by regulating CCR and F5H, while the NAC (LOC107435239) TF promotes F5H expression and positively regulates lignin biosynthesis. These findings revealed the lignin biosynthetic pathway and associated genes during pigmentation of winter jujube pericarp and provide a basis for further research on lignin regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Zhongtang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Rentang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu F, Zhou R, Dossou SSK, Song S, Wang L. Fine Mapping of a Major Pleiotropic QTL Associated with Sesamin and Sesamolin Variation in Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071343. [PMID: 34209452 PMCID: PMC8309374 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the genetic basis of quantitative agronomic traits is a prerequisite for their improvement. Herein, we identified loci governing the main sesame lignans, sesamin and sesamolin variation in a recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F8) population under two environments. The content of the two lignans in the seeds was investigated by HPLC. The sesamin and sesamolin contents ranged from 0.33 to 7.52 mg/g and 0.36 to 2.70 mg/g, respectively. In total, we revealed 26 QTLs on a linkage map comprising 424 SSR markers, including 16 and 10 loci associated with sesamin and sesamolin variation, respectively. Among them, qSmin_11.1 and qSmol_11.1 detected in both the two environments explained 67.69% and 46.05% of the phenotypic variation of sesamin and sesamolin, respectively. Notably, qSmin11-1 and qSmol11-1 were located in the same interval of 127-127.21cM on LG11 between markers ZMM1776 and ZM918 and acted as a pleiotropic locus. Furthermore, two potential candidate genes (SIN_1005755 and SIN_1005756) at the same locus were identified based on comparative transcriptome analysis. Our results suggest the existence of a single gene of large effect that controls expression, both of sesamin and sesamolin, and provide genetic information for further investigation of the regulation of lignan biosynthesis in sesame.
Collapse
|
19
|
Forlani S, Mizzotti C, Masiero S. The NAC side of the fruit: tuning of fruit development and maturation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:238. [PMID: 34044765 PMCID: PMC8157701 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and seeds resulting from fertilization of flowers, represent an incredible evolutionary advantage in angiosperms and have seen them become a critical element in our food supply.Many studies have been conducted to reveal how fruit matures while protecting growing seeds and ensuring their dispersal. As result, several transcription factors involved in fruit maturation and senescence have been isolated both in model and crop plants. These regulators modulate several cellular processes that occur during fruit ripening such as chlorophyll breakdown, tissue softening, carbohydrates and pigments accumulation.The NAC superfamily of transcription factors is known to be involved in almost all these aspects of fruit development and maturation. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge regarding NACs that modulate fruit ripening in model species (Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum) and in crops of commercial interest (Oryza sativa, Malus domestica, Fragaria genus, Citrus sinensis and Musa acuminata).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Forlani
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang S, Zhu H, Huang L, Zhang G, Wang L, Jiang X, Zhong Q. Transcriptome-wide and expression analysis of the NAC gene family in pepino ( Solanum muricatum) during drought stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10966. [PMID: 33850643 PMCID: PMC8015785 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum muricatum (Pepino) is an increasingly popular solanaceous crop and is tolerant of drought conditions. In this study, 71 NAC transcription factor family genes of S. muricatum were selected to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent in-depth study of their regulatory roles in the response to biological and abiotic stresses, and were subjected to whole-genome analysis. The NAC sequences obtained by transcriptome sequencing were subjected to bioinformatics prediction and analysis. Three concentration gradient drought stresses were applied to the plants, and the target gene sequences were analyzed by qPCR to determine their expression under drought stress. The results showed that the S. muricatum NAC family contains 71 genes, 47 of which have conserved domains. The protein sequence length, molecular weight, hydrophilicity, aliphatic index and isoelectric point of these transcription factors were predicted and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the S. muricatum NAC gene family is divided into seven subfamilies. Some NAC genes of S. muricatum are closely related to the NAC genes of Solanaceae crops such as tomato, pepper and potato. The seedlings of S. muricatum were grown under different gradients of drought stress conditions and qPCR was used to analyze the NAC expression in roots, stems, leaves and flowers. The results showed that 13 genes did not respond to drought stress while 58 NAC genes of S. muricatum that responded to drought stress had obvious tissue expression specificity. The overall expression levels in the root were found to be high. The number of genes at extremely significant expression levels was very large, with significant polarization. Seven NAC genes with significant responses were selected to analyze their expression trend in the different drought stress gradients. It was found that genes with the same expression trend also had the same or part of the same conserved domain. Seven SmNACs that may play an important role in drought stress were selected for NAC amino acid sequence alignment of Solanaceae crops. Four had strong similarity to other Solanaceae NAC amino acid sequences, and SmNAC has high homology with the Solanum pennellii. The NAC transcription factor family genes of S. muricatum showed strong structural conservation. Under drought stress, the expression of NAC transcription factor family genes of S. muricatum changed significantly, which actively responded to and participated in the regulation process of drought stress, thereby laying foundations for subsequent in-depth research of the specific functions of NAC transcription factor family genes of S. muricatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | | | - Liping Huang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Guangnan Zhang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Jiang
- Qinghai Higher Vocational & Technical Institute, Ledu, P.R. China, Xining, China
| | - Qiwen Zhong
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
In silico identification of conserved miRNAs in the genome of fibre biogenesis crop Corchorus capsularis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06705. [PMID: 33869875 PMCID: PMC8045047 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Corchorus capsularis, commonly known as jute occupies the leading position in the production of natural fibre alongside lower environmental threat. Small noncoding ~21 to 24 nucleotides long microRNAs play significant roles in regulating the gene expression as well as different functions in cellular growth and development. Here, the study adopted a comprehensive in silico approach to identify and characterize the conserved miRNAs in the genome of C. capsularis including functional annotation of specific gene targets. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) based homology search of 3350 known miRNAs of dicotyledons were allowed against 763 non-redundant ESTs of jute genome, resulted in the prediction of 5 potential miRNA candidates belonging five different miRNA families (miR1536, miR9567-3p, miR4391, miR11300, and miR8689). The putative miRNAs were composed of 18 nucleotides having a range of -0.49 to -1.56 MFEI values and 55%–61% of (A + U) content in their pre-miRNAs. A total of 1052 gene targets of putative miRNAs were identified and their functions were extensively analyzed. Most of the gene targets were involved in plant growth, cell cycle regulation, organelle synthesis, developmental process and environmental responses. Five gene targets, namely, NAC Domain Containing Protein, WRKY DNA binding protein, 3-dehydroquinate synthase, S-adenosyl-L-Met–dependent methyl transferase and Vascular-related NAC-Domain were found to be involved in the lignin biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathways and secondary wall formation. The present study might accelerate the more miRNA discovery, strengthening the complete understanding of miRNAs association in the cellular basis of lignin biosynthesis towards the production of high standard jute products.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Z, Nie G, Feng G, Han J, Huang L, Zhang X. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the NAC transcription factor family in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:178. [PMID: 33711917 PMCID: PMC7953825 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is one of the most important cool-season perennial forage grasses that is widely cultivated in the world and is highly tolerant to stressful conditions. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this tolerance. The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factor family is a large plant-specific gene family that actively participates in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. At present, owing to the absence of genomic information, NAC genes have not been systematically studied in orchardgrass. The recent release of the complete genome sequence of orchardgrass provided a basic platform for the investigation of DgNAC proteins. Results Using the recently released orchardgrass genome database, a total of 108 NAC (DgNAC) genes were identified in the orchardgrass genome database and named based on their chromosomal location. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DgNAC proteins were distributed in 14 subgroups based on homology with NAC proteins in Arabidopsis, including the orchardgrass-specific subgroup Dg_NAC. Gene structure analysis suggested that the number of exons varied from 1 to 15, and multitudinous DgNAC genes contained three exons. Chromosomal mapping analysis found that the DgNAC genes were unevenly distributed on seven orchardgrass chromosomes. For the gene expression analysis, the expression levels of DgNAC genes in different tissues and floral bud developmental stages were quite different. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed distinct expression patterns of 12 DgNAC genes in response to different abiotic stresses. The results from the RNA-seq data revealed that orchardgrass-specific NAC exhibited expression preference or specificity in diverse abiotic stress responses, and the results indicated that these genes may play an important role in the adaptation of orchardgrass under different environments. Conclusions In the current study, a comprehensive and systematic genome-wide analysis of the NAC gene family in orchardgrass was first performed. A total of 108 NAC genes were identified in orchardgrass, and the expression of NAC genes during plant growth and floral bud development and response to various abiotic stresses were investigated. These results will be helpful for further functional characteristic descriptions of DgNAC genes and the improvement of orchardgrass in breeding programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07485-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiating Han
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Balmant KM, Noble JD, C Alves F, Dervinis C, Conde D, Schmidt HW, Vazquez AI, Barbazuk WB, Campos GDL, Resende MFR, Kirst M. Xylem systems genetics analysis reveals a key regulator of lignin biosynthesis in Populus deltoides. Genome Res 2020; 30:1131-1143. [PMID: 32817237 PMCID: PMC7462072 DOI: 10.1101/gr.261438.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing resources and tools for high-throughput characterization and analysis of genomic information, the discovery of the genetic elements that regulate complex traits remains a challenge. Systems genetics is an emerging field that aims to understand the flow of biological information that underlies complex traits from genotype to phenotype. In this study, we used a systems genetics approach to identify and evaluate regulators of the lignin biosynthesis pathway in Populus deltoides by combining genome, transcriptome, and phenotype data from a population of 268 unrelated individuals of P. deltoides The discovery of lignin regulators began with the quantitative genetic analysis of the xylem transcriptome and resulted in the detection of 6706 and 4628 significant local- and distant-eQTL associations, respectively. Among the locally regulated genes, we identified the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB125 (Potri.003G114100) as a putative trans-regulator of the majority of genes in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. The expression of MYB125 in a diverse population positively correlated with lignin content. Furthermore, overexpression of MYB125 in transgenic poplar resulted in increased lignin content, as well as altered expression of genes in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. Altogether, our findings indicate that MYB125 is involved in the control of a transcriptional coexpression network of lignin biosynthesis genes during secondary cell wall formation in P. deltoides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Balmant
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jerald D Noble
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Filipe C Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Conde
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Henry W Schmidt
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Ana I Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - William B Barbazuk
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Statistics Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Horticulture Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang J, Tuskan GA, Tschaplinski TJ, Muchero W, Chen JG. Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Lignin Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Populus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:652. [PMID: 32528504 PMCID: PMC7262965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a heterogeneous polymer of aromatic subunits derived from phenylalanine. It is polymerized in intimate proximity to the polysaccharide components in plant cell walls and provides additional rigidity and compressive strength for plants. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis is important for genetic modification of the plant cell wall for agricultural and industrial applications. Over the past 10 years the transcriptional regulatory model of lignin biosynthesis has been established in plants. However, the role of post-transcriptional regulation is still largely unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that lignin biosynthesis pathway genes are also regulated by alternative splicing, microRNA, and long non-coding RNA. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress on the transcriptional regulation, then we focus on reviewing progress on the post-transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis pathway genes in the woody model plant Populus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jin Zhang,
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Jin-Gui Chen,
| |
Collapse
|