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Escate R, Padró T, Suades R, Sans-Roselló J, Devaux Y, Lakkisto P, Harjola VP, Sionis A, Badimon L. miR-619-5p and cardiogenic shock in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14186. [PMID: 38376079 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a severe myocardial dysfunction secondary to various cardiac conditions including ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and associated with a high risk of death. Little is known on epigenetic determinants in CS. Here, we investigated plasma miRNAs in relation to CS stratification in STEMI-patients. METHODS STEMI-patients (n = 49), with (CS, n = 25) and without CS (non-CS, n = 24) fulfilling inclusion criteria were included from HSCSP-cohort (Derivation-cohort). CS-miRNAs were analysed by Affymetrix-microarray and RT-PCR. Results were validated in a second cohort of CS-patients (CardShock: n = 35) with similar inclusion/exclusion criteria as the derivation cohort. In silico analysis were performed to identify potential miRNA target genes. RESULTS Of the 5-miRNA signature obtained from microarray analysis, miR-619-5p showed higher levels in CS than in Non-CS patients (p = .003) and discriminating power for CS by ROC (AUC: .752, p = .003). miR-619-5p directly associated with risk scores [GRACE, p = .001; CardShock, p < .001]. Furthermore, miR-619-5p showed discrimination power for death in CS. Thus, miRNA levels were significantly higher in patients with mortality outcome both in the Derivation HSCSP-cohort (p = .02; AUC: .78 ± .095) and the Validation CardShock-cohort (p = .017; AUC: .737 ± .086) By in silico analysis, miR-619-5p target genes and TNF-alpha were involved in the regulation of inflammation. miR-619-5p and TNF-alpha levels discriminated mortality outcome in CS-patients during 30-day follow-up (Validation-Cohort: ROC: .812, p = .002; HR: 9.99, p = .003). CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of miR-619-5p is found in the plasma of STEMI-patients with CS and mortality outcome. These findings highlight the specificity of epigenetic regulation of inflammation on the disease severity of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sans-Roselló
- Cardiology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Pekka Harjola
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Services and Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandro Sionis
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Huang X, Bai S, Luo Y. Advances in research on biomarkers associated with acute myocardial infarction: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37793. [PMID: 38608048 PMCID: PMC11018244 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the most severe cardiovascular event in clinical settings, imposes a significant burden with its annual increase in morbidity and mortality rates. However, it is noteworthy that mortality due to AMI in developed countries has experienced a decline, largely attributable to the advancements in medical interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention. This trend highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to preserve the myocardium at risk and improve patient outcomes. Conventional biomarkers such as myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzymes, and troponin have been instrumental in the diagnosis of AMI. However, recent years have witnessed the emergence of new biomarkers demonstrating the potential to further enhance the accuracy of AMI diagnosis. This literature review focuses on the recent advancements in biomarker research in the context of AMI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suwen Bai
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumei Luo
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Cardiology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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Kim SJ, Mesquita FCP, Hochman-Mendez C. New Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease. Tex Heart Inst J 2023; 50:e238178. [PMID: 37846107 PMCID: PMC10658139 DOI: 10.14503/thij-23-8178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease are crucial for patient survival and long-term health. Despite advances in cardiovascular disease biomarkers, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to increase worldwide as the global population ages. To address this problem, novel biomarkers that are more sensitive and specific to cardiovascular diseases must be developed and incorporated into clinical practice. Exosomes are promising biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. These small vesicles are produced and released into body fluids by all cells and carry specific information that can be correlated with disease progression. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of existing biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, such as cardiac troponin and cytokines, and discusses recent evidence suggesting the promise of exosomes as cardiovascular disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Kim
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Camila Hochman-Mendez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
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5
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Nappi F, Avtaar Singh SS, Jitendra V, Alzamil A, Schoell T. The Roles of microRNAs in the Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14277. [PMID: 37762578 PMCID: PMC10531750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of miRNAs and their role in disease represent a significant breakthrough that has stimulated and propelled research on miRNAs as targets for diagnosis and therapy. Cardiovascular disease is an area where the restrictions of early diagnosis and conventional pharmacotherapy are evident and deserve attention. Therefore, miRNA-based drugs have significant potential for development. Research and its application can make considerable progress, as seen in preclinical and clinical trials. The use of miRNAs is still experimental but has a promising role in diagnosing and predicting a variety of acute coronary syndrome presentations. Its use, either alone or in combination with currently available biomarkers, might be adopted soon, particularly if there is diagnostic ambiguity. In this review, we examine the current understanding of miRNAs as possible targets for diagnosis and treatment in the cardiovascular system. We report on recent advances in recognising and characterising miRNAs with a focus on clinical translation. The latest challenges and perspectives towards clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Vikram Jitendra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - Almothana Alzamil
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Thibaut Schoell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
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6
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Zhao Y, Song X, Ma Y, Liu X, Peng Y. Circulating mir-483-5p as a novel diagnostic biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and its predictive value for the clinical outcome after PCI. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:360. [PMID: 37464313 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a critical function in the progression of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This research was designed to probe the diagnostic accuracy of miR-483-5p in patients with ACS and its predictive value of MACEs. METHODS 118 patients with ACS (40 with unstable angina pectoris [UAP] and 78 with acute myocardial infarction [AMI]) and 75 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum miR-483-5p was detected in the subjects by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). ROC curve and logistic regression models were employed to estimate the diagnosis. Patients were monitored for 6 months after PCI to document the occurrence of MACEs. Kaplan-Meier survival was conducted to explore the predictive significance of miR-483-5p for the MACEs. RESULTS Serum miR-483-5p levels were higher in ACS patients and associated with SYNTAX score and Gensini score. miR-483-5p was effective in identifying ACS patients from healthy individuals (AUC = 0.919) and AMI patients from ACS patients (AUC = 0.867), demonstrating a high diagnostic value, proven by logistic regression (OR = 9.664, 95%CI = 4.462-20.928, P < 0.001). The prevalence of MACEs during follow-up were 24.58%, and a higher prevalence of MACEs were observed in patients with elevated miR-483-5p (P = 0.01). miR-483-5p was also an effective predictor of MACE occurrence (HR = 5.955, 95%CI = 1.928-18.389, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Expression of serum miR-483-5p can be utilized as a non-invasive marker for diagnosing ACS and predicting the onset of MACE after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, No. 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No 398, Zhongshan West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China.
| | - Xinxing Song
- Department of Cardiology, No. 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No 398, Zhongshan West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Yanzhuo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, No. 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No 398, Zhongshan West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, No. 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No 398, Zhongshan West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Yuhong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, No. 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No 398, Zhongshan West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
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7
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Huang S, Zhang J, Wan H, Wang K, Wu J, Cao Y, Hu L, Yu Y, Sun H, Yu Y, Wang J, Chen F. Plasma extracellular vesicles microRNA-208b-3p and microRNA-143-3p as novel biomarkers for sudden cardiac death prediction in acute coronary syndrome. Mol Omics 2023; 19:262-273. [PMID: 36723013 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00257d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurs as a result of myocardial ischemia that can give rise to a variety of acute cardiovascular events, including arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Currently, there are challenges and insufficient innovations regarding early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches within ACS patients experiencing SCD. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) might serve as biomarkers of many diseases depending on the biological molecules of their cargo, such as miRNAs. This study aims to identify the plasma EVs containing miRNAs as novel biomarkers for the prediction of SCD in ACS patients. A total of 39 ACS patients experiencing SCD and 39 healthy control individuals (HC) were enrolled, among which 9 samples in each group were randomly selected as testing groups for miRNA sequencing in plasma EVs, and the remaining samples were assigned to the validation group. The top 10 significant expression miRNAs were verified by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Upregulation of miR-208b-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-152-3p, and down-regulation of miR-183-5p were further validated in the validation group. Spearman's correlation analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that both miR-208b-3p and miR-143-3p levels were positively correlated with myoglobin (MYO), and their predictive power for SCD was confirmed. In conclusion, our findings indicate that plasma EVs miR-208b-3p and miR-143-3p may serve as promising biomarkers in predicting SCD in patients with ACS, as well as postmortem forensic diagnosis of the cause of death due to ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuainan Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wan
- Department of Health Management, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang Y, Sun X, Yang Q, Yin L. Exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells alleviate mifepristone-induced human endometrial stromal cell injury by inhibiting TLR3 via delivering miR-941. Physiol Int 2022; 109:443-456. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
We aim to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of BMSCs-exo on human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) induced by mifepristone in this study.
Methods
BMSCs-exo were extracted and then identified by transmission electron microscopy and western-blot assay. RT-PCR assay was used to determine the level of miR-941. MiR-941 mimics or inhibitor were transfected into BMSCs and the exosomes were extracted. Then, Cell activity, apoptosis rate, cell migration and invasion, as well as the expression of angiogenic proteins were determined in HESCs stimulated by mifepristone and BMSCs-exo. Next, Dual-luciferase reporting assay was used to verify the targeted binding of miR-941 to TLR3, and the TLR3 expression in HESCs was detected by RT-PCR and western-blot. Finally, TLR3 was overexpressed to evaluate the effects of miR-941 from BMSCs-exo on cell apoptosis, cell invasion and angiogenesis in HESCs induced by mifepristone.
Results
miR-941 was highly expressed in BMSCs-exo. Exosome miR-941 in BMSCs-exo inhibited the cell apoptosis, and promoted cell activity, cell migration, invasion as well as angiogenesis were also improved in HESCs induced by mifepristone. TLR3 was a target of miR-941, which was up-regulated in mifepristonetreated HESCs. We further found that miR-941 derived from BMSCs-exo down-regulated the expression of TLR3 in HESCs treated by mifepristone. In addition, TLR3 overexpression blocked the inhibition of miR-941 on mifepristone-induced cell apoptosis, as well as cell migration and angiogenesis in HESCs.
Conclusions
Thus, we concluded that BMSCs-exo has protective effect on mifepristone-induced cell damage by delivering miR-941 which targeted TLR3 and regulated cell activity, migration, and angiogenesis in HESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Lili Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
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Balashkevich N, Kazymov M, Syzdykbayev M, Adylova A. Molecular basis of acute coronary syndrome. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:40. [PMID: 35968216 PMCID: PMC9374151 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_695_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) comprise of various heart and blood vessels-related diseases. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of them. Basic researchers and cardiologists have witnessed landmark developments related to ACS and despite rapid refinement in our understanding; scientists are seeking answers for more questions. Scientists have mapped wide ranging proteins and intricate protein networks which play central role in the pathogenesis in ACS. In this review, we have attempted to summarize underlying causes of ACS. Better understanding of the disease pathology will enable us to get a step closer to an effective clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxut Kazymov
- Department of Family Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Syzdykbayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Narcology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Public Health, Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Aima Adylova, Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan. E-mail:
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Zalewski DP, Ruszel KP, Stępniewski A, Gałkowski D, Feldo M, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Relationships between Indicators of Lower Extremity Artery Disease and miRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1619. [PMID: 35329950 PMCID: PMC8948757 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is an underdiagnosed and globally underestimated vascular disease caused by the progressive and chronic formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries of the lower limbs. Much evidence indicates that the abnormal course of pathophysiological processes underlying LEAD development is associated with altered miRNA modulatory function. In the presented study, relationships between miRNA expression and clinical indicators of this disease (ABI, claudication distance, length of arterial occlusion, Rutherford category, and plaque localization) were identified. MiRNA expression profiles were obtained using next-generation sequencing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 40 LEAD patients. Correlation analysis performed using the Spearman rank correlation test revealed miRNAs related to ABI, claudication distance, and length of arterial occlusion. In the DESeq2 analysis, five miRNAs were found to be dysregulated in patients with Rutherford category 3 compared to patients with Rutherford category 2. No miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between patients with different plaque localizations. Functional analysis performed using the miRNet 2.0 website tool determined associations of selected miRNAs with processes underlying vascular pathology, such as vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation, endothelial cell apoptosis, response to hypoxia, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and circadian rhythm. The most enriched functional terms for genes targeted by associated miRNAs were linked to regulation of the cell cycle, regulation of the transcription process, and nuclear cellular compartment. In conclusion, dysregulations of miRNA expression in PBMCs of patients with LEAD are indicative of the disease and could potentially be used in the prediction of LEAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karol P. Ruszel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrzej Stępniewski
- Ecotech Complex Analytical and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally Friendly Technologies, University of Marie Curie-Skłodowska, 39 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Gałkowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA;
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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11
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Marathon-Induced Cardiac Strain as Model for the Evaluation of Diagnostic microRNAs for Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010005. [PMID: 35011745 PMCID: PMC8745173 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current gold standard biomarker for myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac troponin (cTn), is recognized for its high sensitivity and organ specificity; however, it lacks diagnostic specificity. Numerous studies have introduced circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for MI. This study investigates the MI-specificity of these serum microRNAs by investigating myocardial stress/injury due to strenuous exercise. Methods: MicroRNA biomarkers were retrieved by comprehensive review of 109 publications on diagnostic serum microRNAs for MI. MicroRNA levels were first measured by next-generation sequencing in pooled sera from runners (n = 46) before and after conducting a full competitive marathon. Hereafter, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of 10 selected serum microRNAs in 210 marathon runners was performed (>10,000 qPCR measurements). Results: 27 potential diagnostic microRNA for MI were retrieved by the literature review. Eight microRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-486-3p) showed positive correlations with cTnT in marathon runners, whereas two miRNAs (miR-134-5p and miR-499a-5p) showed no correlations. Upregulation of miR-133a-3p (p = 0.03) and miR-142-5p (p = 0.01) went along with elevated cTnT after marathon. Conclusion: Some MI-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-133a-3p and miR-142-5p) have similar kinetics under strenuous exercise and MI as compared to cTnT, which suggests that their diagnostic specificity could be limited. In contrast, several MI-associated microRNAs (miR-26a-5p, miR-134-5p, miR-191-5p) showed different release behavior; hence, combining cTnT with these microRNAs within a multi-marker strategy may add diagnostic accuracy in MI.
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Shen M, Gong R, Li H, Yang Z, Wang Y, Li D. Identification of key molecular markers of acute coronary syndrome using peripheral blood transcriptome sequencing analysis and mRNA-lncRNA co-expression network construction. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12087-12106. [PMID: 34753383 PMCID: PMC8809957 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe major cardiovascular diseases, and treatment of in-stent restenosis in patients with ACS remains a major clinical challenge. Further investigation into molecular markers of ACS may aid early diagnosis, and the treatment of ACS and post-treatment recurrence. In the present study, total RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of 3 patients with ACS, 3 patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)_non-restenosis, 3 patients with PCI_restenosis and 3 healthy controls. Subsequently, RNA library construction and high-throughput sequencing were performed. DESeq2 package in R was used to screen genes that were differentially expressed between the different samples. Moreover, the intersection of the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) obtained. GeneCodis4.0 was used to perform function enrichment for DEmRNAs, and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed. The GSE60993 dataset was utilized for diagnostic analysis, and the aforementioned investigations were verified using in vitro studies. Results of the present study revealed a large number of DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the different groups. We selected genes in the top 10 of differential expression and also involved in the co-expression of lncRNA-mRNA for diagnostic analysis in the GSE60993 dataset. The area under curve (AUC) of PDZK1IP1 (0.747), PROK2 (0.769) and LAMP3 (0.725) were all >0.7. These results indicated that the identified mRNAs and lncRNAs may act as potential clinical biomarkers, and more specifically, PDZK1IP1, PROK2 and LAMP3 may act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Rui Gong
- Department of internal medicine-Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Hebei
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of General Medicine, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of General Medicine, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of General Medicine, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of General Medicine, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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13
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Ouatu A, Badescu MC, Dima N, Ganceanu-Rusu AR, Popescu D, Floria M, Rezus E, Rezus C. Current Knowledge of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101057. [PMID: 34685428 PMCID: PMC8541211 DOI: 10.3390/life11101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the newly diagnostic and therapeutic advances, coronary artery disease (CAD) and more explicitly, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thus, early and prompt diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction is pivotal in STEMI patients for a better prognosis and outcome. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) gained attention as potential biomarkers in myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS), as they have key roles in heart development, various cardiac processes, and act as indicators of cardiac damage. In this review, we describe the current available knowledge about cardiac miRNAs and their functions, and focus mainly on their potential use as novel circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.M.G.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Roxana Ganceanu-Rusu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Popescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Military Clinical Hospital Iasi, 700483 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.M.G.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.M.G.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (M.C.B.); (N.D.); (A.R.G.-R.); (D.P.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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14
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Yu J, Li Y, Leng D, Cao C, Yu Y, Wang Y. microRNA-3646 serves as a diagnostic marker and mediates the inflammatory response induced by acute coronary syndrome. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5632-5640. [PMID: 34519257 PMCID: PMC8806520 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main syndromes of coronary artery disease with high mortality. The identification of biomarkers associated with disease occurrence and progression could improve early detection and risk prediction. This study was aimed to reveal the clinical significance and function of miR-3646 in ACS. The expression of miR-3646 was evaluated in ACS patients, healthy volunteers, and non-ACS patients and estimated the clinical significance of miR-3646. The ACS modeling rats were also established in this study to explore the potential mechanism underlying the function of miR-3646. miR-3646 was upregulated in ACS patients compared with healthy volunteers and non-ACS patients. The expression of miR-3646 was positively correlated with the severity and progression of ACS patients and could discriminate ACS patients from healthy volunteers and non-ACS patients. The knockdown of miR-3646 could reverse the inflammatory response induced by ACS.miR-3646 serves as a diagnostic biomarker for ACS. The knockdown of miR-3646 could alleviate ACS by reversing inflammatory response. These results provide a potential therapeutic target of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Deguo Leng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzhi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yijuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
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15
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Derived Small RNAs and Changes in Circulating Small RNAs Associated with COVID-19. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081593. [PMID: 34452458 PMCID: PMC8402885 DOI: 10.3390/v13081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA is described as an evolutionary conserved host defense mechanism against viral infection. Small RNAs are the product and triggers of post transcriptional gene silencing events. Up until now, the relevance of this mechanism for SARS-CoV-2-directed immune responses remains elusive. Herein, we used high throughput sequencing to profile the plasma of active and convalescent COVID-19 patients for the presence of small circulating RNAs. The existence of SARS-CoV-2 derived small RNAs in plasma samples of mild and severe COVID-19 cases is described. Clusters of high siRNA abundance were discovered, homologous to the nsp2 3′-end and nsp4 virus sequence. Four virus-derived small RNA sequences have the size of human miRNAs, and a target search revealed candidate genes associated with ageusia and long COVID symptoms. These virus-derived small RNAs were detectable also after recovery from the disease. The additional analysis of circulating human miRNAs revealed differentially abundant miRNAs, discriminating mild from severe cases. A total of 29 miRNAs were reduced or absent in severe cases. Several of these are associated with JAK-STAT response and cytokine storm.
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16
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Zhang H, Cheng S, Wen W, Xu L, Zhang F, Yang Y, Wang L, Chen J. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients and validation of atherosclerosis associated critical regulatory network. Genomics 2021; 113:2572-2582. [PMID: 34052320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare, life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by an extremely elevated serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and accelerated premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, the detailed mechanism of how the pathogenic mutations of HoFH trigger the acceleration of ASCVD is not well understood. Therefore, we performed high-throughput RNA and small RNA sequencing on the peripheral blood RNA samples of six HoFH patients and three healthy controls. The gene and miRNA expression differences were analyzed, and seven miRNAs and six corresponding genes were screened out through regulatory network analysis. Validation through quantitative PCR of genes and miRNAs from 52 HoFH patients and 20 healthy controls revealed that the expression levels of hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-941, and BIRC5 were significantly upregulated in HoFH, while ID1, PLA2G4C, and CACNA2D2 were downregulated. Spearman correlation analysis found that the levels of ID1, hsa-miR-941, and hsa-miR-486-3p were significantly correlated with additional ASCVD risk factors in HoFH patients. This study represents the first integrated analysis of transcriptome and miRNA expression profiles in patients with HoFH, a rare disease, and as a result, six differentially expressed miRNAs/genes that may be related to atherosclerosis in HoFH are reported. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network may be the critical regulation mechanism by which ASCVD is accelerated in HoFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Cardiovascular, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006,China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shitong Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenhui Wen
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liyuan Xu
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Luya Wang
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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17
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Hussen BM, Taheri M. The Impact of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649107. [PMID: 33968749 PMCID: PMC8097102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the utmost deadly human malignancies. This type of cancer has been associated with several environmental, viral, and lifestyle risk factors. Among the epigenetic factors which contribute in the pathogenesis of HCC is dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These transcripts modulate expression of several tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes and alter the activity of cancer-related signaling axes. Several lncRNAs such as NEAT1, MALAT1, ANRIL, and SNHG1 have been up-regulated in HCC samples. On the other hand, a number of so-called tumor suppressor lncRNAs namely CASS2 and MEG3 are down-regulated in HCC. The interaction between lncRNAs and miRNAs regulate expression of a number of mRNA coding genes which are involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. H19/miR-15b/CDC42, H19/miR-326/TWIST1, NEAT1/miR-485/STAT3, MALAT1/miR-124-3p/Slug, MALAT1/miR-195/EGFR, MALAT1/miR-22/SNAI1, and ANRIL/miR-144/PBX3 axes are among functional axes in the pathobiology of HCC. Some genetic polymorphisms within non-coding regions of the genome have been associated with risk of HCC in certain populations. In the current paper, we describe the recent finding about the impact of lncRNAs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Tondro Anamag F, Shoorei H, Fattahi F, Javadinia SA, Basiri A, Taheri M. 5-Fluorouracil: A Narrative Review on the Role of Regulatory Mechanisms in Driving Resistance to This Chemotherapeutic Agent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658636. [PMID: 33954114 PMCID: PMC8092118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is among the mostly administrated chemotherapeutic agents for a wide variety of neoplasms. Non-coding RNAs have a central impact on the determination of the response of patients to 5-FU. These transcripts via modulation of cancer-related pathways, cell apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other aspects of cell behavior can affect cell response to 5-FU. Modulation of expression levels of microRNAs or long non-coding RNAs may be a suitable approach to sensitize tumor cells to 5-FU treatment via modulating multiple biological signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, NF-kB, and Notch cascades. Moreover, there is an increasing interest in targeting these transcripts in various kinds of cancers that are treated by 5-FU. In the present article, we provide a review of the function of non-coding transcripts in the modulation of response of neoplastic cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Seyed Alireza Javadinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Mahmud SMH, Al-Mustanjid M, Akter F, Rahman MS, Ahmed K, Rahman MH, Chen W, Moni MA. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of SARS-CoV-2 infections to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6224261. [PMID: 33847347 PMCID: PMC8083324 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), better known as COVID-19, has become a current threat to humanity. The second wave of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has hit many countries, and the confirmed COVID-19 cases are quickly spreading. Therefore, the epidemic is still passing the terrible stage. Having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the risk factors of the COVID-19, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie IPF, COPD, and CVOID-19 are not well understood. Therefore, we implemented transcriptomic analysis to detect common pathways and molecular biomarkers in IPF, COPD, and COVID-19 that help understand the linkage of SARS-CoV-2 to the IPF and COPD patients. Here, three RNA-seq datasets (GSE147507, GSE52463, and GSE57148) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) is employed to detect mutual differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for IPF, and COPD patients with the COVID-19 infection for finding shared pathways and candidate drugs. A total of 65 common DEGs among these three datasets were identified. Various combinatorial statistical methods and bioinformatics tools were used to build the protein–protein interaction (PPI) and then identified Hub genes and essential modules from this PPI network. Moreover, we performed functional analysis under ontologies terms and pathway analysis and found that IPF and COPD have some shared links to the progression of COVID-19 infection. Transcription factors–genes interaction, protein–drug interactions, and DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory network with common DEGs also identified on the datasets. We think that the candidate drugs obtained by this study might be helpful for effective therapeutic in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hasan Mahmud
- Computer Science and Technology from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | | | - Farzana Akter
- Computer Science and Engineering from Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kawsar Ahmed
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M. Role of MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:632392. [PMID: 33912599 PMCID: PMC8072222 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.632392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main reason of cardiovascular mortalities worldwide. This condition is resulted from atherosclerotic occlusion of coronary arteries. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cells, induction of immune responses and different stages of plaque formation. Up-regulation of miR-92a-3p, miR-206, miR-216a, miR-574-5p, miR-23a, miR-499, miR-451, miR-21, miR-146a, and a number of other miRNAs has been reported in CAD patients. In contrast, miR-20, miR-107, miR-330, miR-383-3p, miR-939, miR-4306, miR-181a-5p, miR-218, miR-376a-3p, and miR-3614 are among down-regulated miRNAs in CAD. Differential expression of miRNAs in CAD patients has been exploited to design diagnostic or prognostic panels for evaluation of CAD patients. We appraise the recent knowledge about the role of miRNAs in the development of diverse clinical subtypes of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Medina-Leyte DJ, Zepeda-García O, Domínguez-Pérez M, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T, Jacobo-Albavera L. Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3850. [PMID: 33917744 PMCID: PMC8068178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the development and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. There is great interest to further understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression, and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and to reduce the risk of developing CAD and its complications. The use of liquid biopsies and new molecular biology techniques have allowed the identification of a growing list of molecular and cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction, which have provided insight on the molecular basis of atherosclerosis and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention and or treatment of atherosclerosis and CAD. This review describes recent information on normal vascular endothelium function, as well as traditional and novel potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies aimed to protect the endothelium or reverse endothelial damage, as a preventive treatment for CAD and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Oscar Zepeda-García
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
| | - Antonia González-Garrido
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
| | - Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
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Zhang W, Chang G, Cao L, Ding G. Dysregulation of serum miR-361-5p serves as a biomarker to predict disease onset and short-term prognosis in acute coronary syndrome patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:74. [PMID: 33546604 PMCID: PMC7863490 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as novel biomarkers for various diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-361-5p (miR-361-5p) in patients with ACS. Methods This study included 118 ACS patients, 78 patients with stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) and 66 healthy controls. MiR-361-5p expression was measured by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic value of miR-361-5p was evaluated by the ROC analysis. A 30-day follow-up was performed for the patients from hospitalization, and Kaplan–Meier curves and logistics analysis were used to evaluate the ability of miR-361-5p to predict the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of endothelial dysfunction (ED) markers, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin. Results The expression of miR-361-5p was significantly increased in patients with SCHD and ACS, and positively correlated with Gensini scores. Serum miR-361-5p expression had a high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing ACS from health controls and SCHD patients. ACS patients with high expression of miR-361-5p had a higher probability of developing MACE. MiR-361-5p expression was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of MACE in ACS patients, and was positively correlated with the levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Conclusion All data indicated that miR-361-5p expression was significantly increased in ACS patients. Aberrant miR-361-5p expression in ACS might be a candidate biomarker for ACS diagnosis and the the prediction of MACE onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, WeifangShandong, 262500, China
| | - Guannan Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138, Linglongshan South Road, Qingzhou, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China.
| | - Liya Cao
- Department of Gynecology Ward II, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Science and Education, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China
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23
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Cornwell A, Palli R, Singh MV, Benoodt L, Tyrell A, Abe JI, Schifitto G, Maggirwar SB, Thakar J. Molecular characterization of atherosclerosis in HIV positive persons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3232. [PMID: 33547350 PMCID: PMC7865026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV are at higher risk of atherosclerosis (AS). The pathogenesis of this risk is not fully understood. To assess the regulatory networks involved in AS we sequenced mRNA of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and measured cytokine and chemokine levels in the plasma of 13 persons living with HIV and 12 matched HIV-negative persons with and without AS. microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a role in HIV infection and may modulate gene regulation to drive AS. Hence, we further assessed miRNA expression in PBMCs of a subset of 12 HIV+ people with and without atherosclerosis. We identified 12 miRNAs differentially expressed between HIV+ AS+ and HIV+ , and validated 5 of those by RT-qPCR. While a few of these miRNAs have been implicated in HIV and atherosclerosis, others are novel. Integrating miRNA measurements with mRNA, we identified 27 target genes including SLC4A7, a critical sodium and bicarbonate transporter, that are potentially dysregulated during atherosclerosis. Additionally, we uncovered that levels of plasma cytokines were associated with transcription factor activity and miRNA expression in PBMCs. For example, BACH2 activity was associated with IL-1β, IL-15, and MIP-1α. IP10 and TNFα levels were associated with miR-124-3p. Finally, integration of all data types into a single network revealed increased importance of miRNAs in network regulation of the HIV+ group in contrast with increased importance of cytokines in the HIV+ AS+ group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cornwell
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rohith Palli
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology PhD Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meera V Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Benoodt
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology PhD Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Tyrell
- Department of Neurology, General Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology-Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Schifitto
- Department of Neurology, General Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washing University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, , Box 672, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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24
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Sun D, Ma T, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Cui B. Overexpressed miR-335-5p reduces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation in acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23608. [PMID: 33277957 PMCID: PMC7891542 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23608 10.18926/amo/64123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may induce cardiovascular death. The correlation of mast cells related microRNAs (miRs) with risk of ACS has been investigated. We explored regulatory mechanism of miR-335-5p on macrophage innate immune response, atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation, and revascularization in ACS in relation to Notch signaling. METHODS ACS-related gene microarray was collected from Gene Expression Omnibus database. After different agomir or antagomir, or inhibitor of Notch signaling treatment, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels were tested in ACS mice. Additionally, Notch signaling-related genes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured after miR-335-5p interference. Finally, mouse atherosclerosis, lipid accumulation, and the collagen/vessel area ratio of plaque were determined. RESULTS miR-335-5p targeted JAG1 and mediated Notch signaling in ACS. miR-335-5p up-regulation and Notch signaling inhibition reduced expression of JAG1, Notch pathway-related genes, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMPs, but promote TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression. Additionally, vulnerable plaques were decreased and collagen fiber contents were observed to increase after miR-335-5p overexpression and Notch signaling inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of miR-335-5p inhibited innate immune response of macrophage, reduced atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation, and promoted revascularization in ACS mice targeting JAG1 through Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingjun Sun
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Yixue Zhang
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Fuwei Zhang
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Bo Cui
- Cardiology DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityHunan Provincial People's HospitalChangshaP.R. China
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25
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Sun D, Ma T, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Cui B. Overexpressed miR-335-5p reduces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation in acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23608. [PMID: 33277957 PMCID: PMC7891542 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may induce cardiovascular death. The correlation of mast cells related microRNAs (miRs) with risk of ACS has been investigated. We explored regulatory mechanism of miR-335-5p on macrophage innate immune response, atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation, and revascularization in ACS in relation to Notch signaling. METHODS ACS-related gene microarray was collected from Gene Expression Omnibus database. After different agomir or antagomir, or inhibitor of Notch signaling treatment, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels were tested in ACS mice. Additionally, Notch signaling-related genes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured after miR-335-5p interference. Finally, mouse atherosclerosis, lipid accumulation, and the collagen/vessel area ratio of plaque were determined. RESULTS miR-335-5p targeted JAG1 and mediated Notch signaling in ACS. miR-335-5p up-regulation and Notch signaling inhibition reduced expression of JAG1, Notch pathway-related genes, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMPs, but promote TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression. Additionally, vulnerable plaques were decreased and collagen fiber contents were observed to increase after miR-335-5p overexpression and Notch signaling inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of miR-335-5p inhibited innate immune response of macrophage, reduced atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation, and promoted revascularization in ACS mice targeting JAG1 through Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingjun Sun
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Yixue Zhang
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Fuwei Zhang
- Cardiology DepartmentCentral South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital (Haikou People’s Hospital)HaikouP.R. China
| | - Bo Cui
- Cardiology DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityHunan Provincial People's HospitalChangshaP.R. China
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26
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Jirak P, Wernly B, Lichtenauer M, Franz M, Knost T, Abusamrah T, Kelm M, Bimpong-Buta NY, Jung C. Next-generation sequencing analysis of circulating micro-RNA expression in response to parabolic flight as a spaceflight analogue. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:31. [PMID: 33298968 PMCID: PMC7606465 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding physiologic reactions to weightlessness is an indispensable requirement for safe human space missions. This study aims to analyse changes in the expression of circulating miRNAs following exposure to gravitational changes. Eight healthy volunteers (age: 24.5 years, male: 4, female: 4) were included. Each subject underwent 31 short-term phases of weightlessness and hypergravity induced by parabolic flight as a spaceflight analogue. At baseline, 1 and 24 h after parabolic flight, venous blood was withdrawn. Analysis of circulating miRNAs in serum was conducted by means of next generation sequencing. In total, 213 miRNAs were robustly detected (TPM > 5) by small RNA sequencing in all 24 samples. Four miRNAs evidenced a significant change in expression after adjusting for multiple testing. Only miR-223-3p showed a consistent significant decrease 24 h after parabolic flight compared to baseline values and values at 1 h after parabolic flight. miR-941 and miR-24-3p showed a significant decrease 24 h after parabolic flight compared to 1 h after parabolic flight but not to baseline values. miR-486-5p showed a significant increase 24 h after parabolic flight compared to 1 h after parabolic flight but not to baseline values. A target network analysis identified genes of the p53 signaling pathway and the cell cycle highly enriched among the targets of the four microRNAs. Our findings suggest cellular adaption to gravitational changes at the post-transcriptional level. Based on our results, we suggest a change in cell cycle regulation as potential explanation for adaptational changes observed in space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jirak
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thorben Knost
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thaer Abusamrah
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nana-Yaw Bimpong-Buta
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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27
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Surapaneni SK, Bhat ZR, Tikoo K. MicroRNA-941 regulates the proliferation of breast cancer cells by altering histone H3 Ser 10 phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17954. [PMID: 33087811 PMCID: PMC7578795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an important clinical challenge, as these tumours often develop resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in cell-cycle regulation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Herein, we performed Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA 4.0 microarray and observed differential regulation of miRNAs (75 upregulated and 199 downregulated) in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to immortalized human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cells. MicroRNA-941 was significantly upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells (almost nine-fold increase) in comparison to MCF-10A cells. Transfection of MiRNA-941 inhibitor significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells by altering the expressions of p21, Cyclin D1, PP2B-B1, E-cadherin and MMP-13. Interestingly, we provide first evidence that inhibiting miR-941 prevents cell proliferation and phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10 residue. Xenograft model of breast cancer was developed by subcutaneous injection of MDA-MB-231 cells into the mammary fat pad of female athymic nude mice (Crl:NU-Foxn1nu). The tumours were allowed to grow to around 60 mm3, thereafter which we divided the animals into seven groups (n = 5). Notably, intratumoral injection of miR-941 inhibitor significantly abolished the tumour growth in MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. 5-Fluorouracil (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as positive control in our study. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time that targeting miR-941 improves the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to 5-fluorouracil. This can be of profound clinical significance, as it provides novel therapeutic approach for treating variety of cancers (overexpressing miRNA-941) in general and breast cancers in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Zahid Rafiq Bhat
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India.
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Yuan C, Zhang K, Yue Y, Guo T, Liu J, Niu C, Sun X, Feng R, Wang X, Yang B. Analysis of dynamic and widespread lncRNA and miRNA expression in fetal sheep skeletal muscle. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9957. [PMID: 33024632 PMCID: PMC7518186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sheep is an economically important animal, and there is currently a major focus on improving its meat quality through breeding. There are variations in the growth regulation mechanisms of different sheep breeds, making fundamental research on skeletal muscle growth essential in understanding the regulation of (thus far) unknown genes. Skeletal muscle development is a complex biological process regulated by numerous genes and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this study, we used deep sequencing data from sheep longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles sampled at day 60, 90, and 120 of gestation, as well as at day 0 and 360 following birth, to identify and examine the lncRNA and miRNA temporal expression profiles that regulate sheep skeletal myogenesis. We stained LD muscles using histological sections to analyse the area and circumference of muscle fibers from the embryonic to postnatal development stages. Our results showed that embryonic skeletal muscle growth can be characterized by time. We obtained a total of 694 different lncRNAs and compared the differential expression between the E60 vs. E90, E90 vs. E120, E120 vs. D0, and D0 vs. D360 lncRNA and gene samples. Of the total 701 known sheep miRNAs we detected, the following showed a wide range of expression during the embryonic stage: miR-2387, miR-105, miR-767, miR-432, and miR-433. We propose that the detected lncRNA expression was time-specific during the gestational and postnatal stages. GO and KEGG analyses of the genes targeted by different miRNAs and lncRNAs revealed that these significantly enriched processes and pathways were consistent with skeletal muscle development over time across all sampled stages. We found four visual lncRNA–gene regulatory networks that can be used to explore the function of lncRNAs in sheep and may be valuable in helping improve muscle growth. This study also describes the function of several lncRNAs that interact with miRNAs to regulate myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaojing Yue
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chune Niu
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ruilin Feng
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bohui Yang
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Lin SH, Ho JC, Li SC, Cheng YW, Yang YC, Chen JF, Hsu CY, Nakano T, Wang FS, Yang MY, Lee CH, Hsiao CC. Upregulation of miR-941 in Circulating CD14+ Monocytes Enhances Osteoclast Activation via WNT16 Inhibition in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124301. [PMID: 32560314 PMCID: PMC7352857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a destructive joint disease mediated by osteoclasts. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate several important pathways in osteoclastogenesis. We profiled the expression of miRNAs in CD14+ monocytes from PsA patients and investigated how candidate microRNAs regulate the pathophysiology in osteoclastogenesis. The RNA from circulatory CD14+ monocytes was isolated from PsA patients, psoriasis patients without arthritis (PsO), and healthy controls (HCs). The miRNAs were initially profiled by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The candidate miRNAs revealed by NGS were validated by PCR in 40 PsA patients, 40 PsO patients, and 40 HCs. The osteoclast differentiation and its functional resorption activity were measured with or without RNA interference against the candidate miRNA. The microRNA-941 was selectively upregulated in CD14+ monocytes from PsA patients. Osteoclast development and resorption ability were increased in CD14+ monocytes from PsA patients. Inhibition of miR-941 abrogated the osteoclast development and function while increased the expression of WNT16. After successful treatment, the increased miR-941 expression in CD14+ monocytes from PsA patients was revoked. The expression of miR-941 in CD14+ monocytes is associated with PsA disease activity. MiR-941 enhances osteoclastogenesis in PsA via WNT16 repression. The miR-941 could be a potential biomarker and treatment target for PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hung Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.); (M.-Y.Y.)
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology—Chiayi Campus, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Chen Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Jia-Feng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chung-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.); (M.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.); (M.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Correspondence: or (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 2424) (C.-H.L.); +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8979) (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.); (M.-Y.Y.)
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 2424) (C.-H.L.); +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8979) (C.-C.H.)
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Gao C, Qian H, Shi Q, Zhang H. MicroRNA-363-3p serves as a diagnostic biomarker of acute myocardial infarction and regulates vascular endothelial injury by targeting KLF2. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:421-430. [PMID: 32695622 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-19-700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA-363-3p (miR-363-3p) in AMI patients and explore the effects of miR-363-3p on vascular endothelial injury in an AMI rat model. Methods The Expression of miR-363-3p was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-363-3p in AMI patients. The biomarkers of endothelial injury were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the correlation of miR-363-3p with these markers was assessed. AMI rat model was constructed using coronary artery ligation, and the effects of miR-363-3p on endothelial injury and endothelial cell proliferation were analyzed. Results Serum expression of miR-363-3p was upregulated in the AMI patients compared with healthy controls. The increased serum miR-363-3p serves a candidate diagnostic biomarker of AMI. The correlation analysis indicated that serum miR-363-3p expression was positively correlated with the concentration of endothelial injury biomarkers in AMI patients. Furthermore, the increased endothelial injury biomarkers in AMI rats were all inhibited by the knockdown of miR-363-3p, and the cell proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was obviously enhanced by the reduction of miR-363-3p. The prediction results shown that Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a target of miR-363-3p, and their interaction was proved using a luciferase reporter assay. Conclusions Collectively, overexpression of miR-363-3p acts as a diagnostic biomarker for patients with AMI, and the downregulation of miR-363-3p improves AMI-associated endothelial injury by targeting KLF2, which indicated that miR-363-3p has a potential to develop the treatment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Emergency, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Hengbo Qian
- Department of Emergency, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Qibiao Shi
- Department of Emergency, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
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Noncoding RNAs as Biomarkers for Acute Coronary Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3298696. [PMID: 32337239 PMCID: PMC7154975 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3298696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), consisting of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is the most dangerous and fatal form of coronary heart disease. Acute coronary syndrome has sudden onset and rapid development, which may lead to malignant life-threatening conditions at any time. Therefore, early detection and diagnosis are critical for patients with ACS. Recent studies have found that noncoding RNA is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarized recent data on circulating noncoding RNAs (including microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA) as diagnostic and prognostic markers in ACS including acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Specifically, microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic markers are divided into three types: miRNAs of increased expression in ACS, miRNAs of decreased expression in ACS, and miRNAs of contradictory expression in ACS. Moreover, we described these miRNAs of increased expression in ACS based on miRNAs family. This review may result in a great guidance of noncoding RNAs as biomarkers for ACS in clinical practice.
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Wu S, Sun H, Sun B. MicroRNA-145 is involved in endothelial cell dysfunction and acts as a promising biomarker of acute coronary syndrome. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:2. [PMID: 32178736 PMCID: PMC7076941 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a serious type of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns and clinical value of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in ACS patients, and further uncover the function of miR-145 in ACS rats. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to estimate the expression of miR-145. Diagnostic value of miR-145 was evaluated, and its correlation with endothelial injury marker (vWF and H-FABP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) was analyzed. Coronary artery ligation was adopted to construct the ACS rat model, and the effects of miR-145 on endothelial injury, inflammation and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) biological function were examined. Results Downregulated expression of miR-145 was found in the ACS serum samples compared with the healthy controls. The expression of miR-145 was proved to be a diagnostic biomarker and negatively correlated with vWF, H-FABP, IL-6 and TNF-α. The similar serum expression trends of miR-145 in ACS patients were also observed in the ACS rats, and the overexpression of miR-145 could decrease the elevated vWF, H-FABP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the animal model. Moreover, the upregulation of miR-145 in VECs led to promoted proliferation and migration. The bioinformatics prediction data and luciferase report results indicated that FOXO1 was a direct target of miR-145. Conclusions In conclusion, it was hypothesized that serum decreased expression of miR-145 may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in ACS patients. Overexpression of miR-145 may improve the endothelial injury and abnormal inflammation through targeting FOXO1, indicating that miR-145 serves as a candidate therapeutic target of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Huijuan Sun
- Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China.
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Keap1-targeting microRNA-941 protects endometrial cells from oxygen and glucose deprivation-re-oxygenation via activation of Nrf2 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:32. [PMID: 32102665 PMCID: PMC7045607 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mimicking ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-re-oxygenation (OGDR) applied to endometrial cells produces significant oxidative stress and programmed necrosis, which can be inhibited by nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. MicroRNA (miRNA)-induced repression of Keap1, a Nrf2 suppressor protein that facilitates Nrf2 degradation, is novel strategy to activate Nrf2 cascade. METHODS MicroRNA-941 (miR-941) was exogenously expressed in HESC and primary human endometrial cells, and the Nrf2 pathway examined by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR analysis. The endometrial cells were treated with OGDR, cell programmed necrosis and apoptosis were tested. RESULTS MiR-941 is a novel Keap1-targeting miRNA that regulates Nrf2 activity. In T-HESC cells and primary human endometrial cells, ectopic overexpression of miR-941 suppressed Keap1 3'-UTR (untranslated region) expression and downregulated its mRNA/protein expression, leading to activation of the Nrf2 cascade. Conversely, inhibition of miR-941 elevated Keap1 expression and activity in endometrial cells, resulting in suppression of Nrf2 activation. MiR-941 overexpression in endometrial cells attenuated OGDR-induced oxidative stress and programmed necrosis, whereas miR-941 inhibition enhanced oxidative stress and programmed necrosis. MiR-941 overexpression and inhibition were completely ineffective in Keap1-/Nrf2-KO T-HESC cells (using CRISPR/Cas9 strategy). Restoring Keap1 expression, using an UTR-depleted Keap1 construct, abolished miR-941-induced anti-OGDR activity in T-HESC cells. Thus Keap1-Nrf2 cascade activation is required for miR-941-induced endometrial cell protection. CONCLUSIONS Targeting Keap1 by miR-941 activates Nrf2 cascade to protect human endometrial cells from OGDR-induced oxidative stress and programmed necrosis. Video Abstract.
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Schiano C, Benincasa G, Franzese M, Della Mura N, Pane K, Salvatore M, Napoli C. Epigenetic-sensitive pathways in personalized therapy of major cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107514. [PMID: 32105674 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex pathobiology underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has yet to be explained. Aberrant epigenetic changes may result from alterations in enzymatic activities, which are responsible for putting in and/or out the covalent groups, altering the epigenome and then modulating gene expression. The identification of novel individual epigenetic-sensitive trajectories at single cell level might provide additional opportunities to establish predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as drug targets in CVDs. To date, most of studies investigated DNA methylation mechanism and miRNA regulation as epigenetics marks. During atherogenesis, big epigenetic changes in DNA methylation and different ncRNAs, such as miR-93, miR-340, miR-433, miR-765, CHROME, were identified into endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. During man development, lipid metabolism, inflammation and homocysteine homeostasis, alter vascular transcriptional mechanism of fundamental genes such as ABCA1, SREBP2, NOS, HIF1. At histone level, increased HDAC9 was associated with matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP2 expression in pro-inflammatory macrophages of human carotid plaque other than to have a positive effect on toll like receptor signaling and innate immunity. HDAC9 deficiency promoted inflammation resolution and reverse cholesterol transport, which might block atherosclerosis progression and promote lesion regression. Here, we describe main human epigenetic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease; cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Different epigenetics mechanisms are activated, such as regulation by circular RNAs, as MICRA, and epitranscriptomics at RNA level. Moreover, in order to open new frontiers for precision medicine and personalized therapy, we offer a panoramic view on the most innovative bioinformatic tools designed to identify putative genes and molecular networks underlying CVDs in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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Differential Secretion of Angiopoietic Factors and Expression of MicroRNA in Umbilical Cord Blood from Healthy Appropriate-For-Gestational-Age Preterm and Term Newborns- in Search of Biomarkers of Angiogenesis-Related Processes in Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041305. [PMID: 32075190 PMCID: PMC7072966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Premature birth, defined as less than 37 weeks gestation, affects approximately 12% of all live births around the world. Advances in neonatal care have resulted in the increased survival of infants born prematurely. Although prematurity is a known risk factor for different cardiovascular diseases, little is known about the pathophysiology of vasculature during premature gestation and angiopoietic factors network during premature birth. Aims: The objective of this study was to determine whether the profile of several pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in umbilical cord blood (UCB) is different in healthy appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm newborns and normal term babies. The second aim of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNAs) expression profile in UCB from preterm labor and to detect miRNAs potentially taking part in control of angogenesis-related processes (Angio-MiRs). Methods: Using an immunobead Luminex assay, we simultaneously measured the concentration of Angiogenin, Angiopoietin-1, FGF-acidic, FGF-basic, PDGF-aa, PlGF, VEGF, VEGF-D, Endostatin, Thrombospondin-2, NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and NT-4 in UCB samples collected from the preterm (n = 27) and term (n = 52) delivery. In addition, the global microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) circulating in such UCB samples was examined in this study using microarray MiRNA technique. Results: The concentrations of five from eight measured pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, Angiopoietin-1, PDGF-AA, FGF-a, and FGF-b) were significantly lower in UCB from preterm newborns. On the contrary, two angiostatic factors (Endostatin and Thrombospondin-2) were significantly up-regulated in preterm UCB. Among analyzed neurotrophins in preterm newborns, the elevated UCB concentration was found only in the case of GDNF, whereas BDNF was significantly reduced. Moreover, two angiopoietic factors, VEGF-D and PlGF, and two neurotrophins, NT4 and NGF, did not differ in concentration in preterm and term babies. We also discovered that among the significantly down-regulated miRNAs, there were several classical Angio-MiRs (inter alia MiR-125, MiR-126, MiR-145, MiR-150, or MiR155), which are involved in angiogenesis regulation in newborn after preterm delivery. Conclusions: This is the first report of simultaneous measurements of several angiopoietic factors in UCB collected from infants during preterm and term labor. Here, we observed that several pro-angiogenic factors were at lower concentration in UCB collected from preterm newborns than term babies. In contrast, the two measured angiostatic factors, Endostatin and Thrombospondin-2, were significantly higher in UCB from preterm babies. This can suggest that distinct pathophysiological contributions from differentially expressed various angiopoietic factors may determine the clinical outcomes after preterm birth. Especially, our angiogenesis-related molecules analysis indicates that preterm birth of healthy, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns is an “anti-angiogenic state” that may provide an increased risk for improper development and function of cardiovascular system in the adulthood. This work also contributes to a better understanding of the role of miRNAs potentially involved in angiogenesis control in preterm newborns.
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Liu J, Qin L, Wang Z, Peng L, Liu J, Wang X, Du R, Zou Y, Wu Y, Yin T. Platelet-derived miRNAs as determinants of the antiplatelet response in clopidogrel-treated patients with ACS. Thromb Res 2019; 186:71-74. [PMID: 31891827 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liuan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rina Du
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangxun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Cao S, Li L, Geng X, Ma Y, Huang X, Kang X. The upregulation of miR-101 promotes vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and suppresses cell migration in acute coronary syndrome by targeting CDH5. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3320-3328. [PMID: 31934175 PMCID: PMC6949823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be of great importance in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the exact role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ACS has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that miR-101 was significantly upregulated in the serum samples of patients with acute coronary syndrome compared with healthy controls. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the overexpression of miR-101 drastically promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration. Mechanistically, miR-101 repressed the expression of CHD5 by targeting its 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). The silencing of CHD5 also induced cell apoptosis and suppressed cell migration in HUVECs. Taken together, our findings suggest that the miR-101-CHD5 axis may play an important role in the biological behaviors of endothelial cells during the pathogenesis of ACS and may afford an effective diagnostic marker and a powerful therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren HospitalTangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren HospitalTangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren HospitalTangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren HospitalTangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren HospitalTangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
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Halushka PV, Goodwin AJ, Halushka MK. Opportunities for microRNAs in the Crowded Field of Cardiovascular Biomarkers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 14:211-238. [PMID: 30332561 PMCID: PMC6442682 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases exist across all developed countries. Biomarkers that can predict or diagnose diseases early in their pathogeneses can reduce their morbidity and mortality in afflicted individuals. microRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that modulate translation and have been identified as potential fluid-based biomarkers across numerous maladies. We describe the current state of cardiovascular disease biomarkers across a range of diseases, including myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, hypertension, heart failure, heart transplantation, aortic stenosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and sepsis. We present the current understanding of microRNAs as possible biomarkers in these categories and where their best opportunities exist to enter clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry V Halushka
- Department of Pharmacology, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA;
- Department of Medicine, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA;
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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Do MicroRNAs Modulate Visceral Pain? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5406973. [PMID: 30627562 PMCID: PMC6304628 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5406973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Visceral pain, a common characteristic of multiple diseases relative to viscera, impacts millions of people worldwide. Although hundreds of studies have explored mechanisms underlying visceral pain, it is still poorly managed. Over the past decade, strong evidence emerged suggesting that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in visceral nociception through altering neurotransmitters, receptors and other genes at the posttranscriptional level. Under pathological conditions, one kind of miRNA may have several target mRNAs and several kinds of miRNAs may act on one target, suggesting complex interactions and mechanisms between miRNAs and target genes lead to pathological states. In this review we report on recent progress in examining miRNAs responsible for visceral sensitization and provide miRNA-based therapeutic targets for the management of visceral pain.
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Shi R, Zhang S, Cheng G, Yang X, Zhao N, Chen C. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Acori Graminei Rhizoma Attenuates Neuron Cell Apoptosis by Promoting the Expression of miR-873-5p in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1529-1538. [PMID: 29926354 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely threatens human health in their old age, however the potential etiology underlying it is still unclear. Both Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) and Acori graminei Rhizoma (AGR) are the traditional Chinese herbal drug, while their potential role in AD remains need further identification. Both SAMP1 and SAMP8 mice were employed as the control and AD mice. Morris water maze method was used to detect the cognitive function of the mice, TUNEL assay was performed to determine cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and western blot were carried out to measure gene expression. The relationship between miR-873-5p and HMOX1 was determined using luciferase reporter assay. Comparing with SAMP1, the cognitive function was impaired and cell apoptosis was increased in SAMP8 mice. GRg1 + AGR treatment significantly attenuated the symptom of AD. The expression of miR-873-5p was decreased, while HMOX1 was increased in SAMP8 mice. GRg1 + AGR treatment significantly promoted the expression of miR-873-5p, but decreased HMOX1. MiR-873-5p targets HMOX1 to regulate its expression. Aβ1-42 stimulation decreased the expression of miR-873-5p, but increased HMOX1 in PC12 cells. GRg1 + AGR treatment reversed the effect of Aβ1-42, while miR-873-5p inhibitor abolished the effect of GRg1 + AGR. In vivo experiments confirmed the protect role of GRg1 + AGR in AD. GRg1 + AGR suppressed neuron cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of miR-873-5p in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sishuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
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Parizadeh SM, Ferns GA, Ghandehari M, Hassanian SM, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Parizadeh SMR, Avan A. The diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating microRNAs in coronary artery disease: A novel approach to disease diagnosis of stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6418-6424. [PMID: 29215707 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common manifestation of CVD and the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality in most populations globally. There are several biomarkers for diagnosis of MI. Troponin is routinely used as a biomarker in patients with chest pain, but it lacks sensitivity in the first hours of onset of symptoms, and so there is still a clinical need for new biomarkers for the diagnosis of CAD events. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and their expression is altered during CAD events. Whilst studies have shown that several miRNAs are not superior to troponin in the diagnosis of a MI, they may be useful in the early diagnosis and prognosis of patients with CAD, however further studies are required. In this review we have summarized the recent studies investigating circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for the early detection of MI, CVD risk stratification and in the assessment of the prognosis of patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Maryam Ghandehari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2018; 7:4-9. [PMID: 31646271 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus elicits cellular, epigenetic, and post-translational changes that directly or indirectly affect the biology of the vasculature and other metabolic systems resulting in the apparition of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide a current perspective on the most recent discoveries in this field, with particular focus on hyperglycemia- induced pathology in the cardiovascular system. We also provide perspective on the clinical importance of molecular targeting of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus therapies to treat hyperglycemia, inflammation, thrombosis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.
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