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Premraj L, Weaver NA, Ahmad SA, White N, Whitman G, Arora R, Battaglini D, Fanning J, Dalton H, Suen J, Li Bassi G, Fraser JF, Robba C, Griffee M, Cho SM. Sex differences in the outcome of critically Ill patients with COVID-19 - An international multicenter critical care consortium study. Heart Lung 2024; 68:373-380. [PMID: 39260269 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) susceptibility, illness severity, and hospital course are widely acknowledged. The effects of sex on outcomes experienced by patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of sex on ICU mortality in patients with COVID-19 METHODS: This retrospective analysis of an international multi-center prospective observational database included adults admitted to ICU for treatment of acute COVID-19 between 1st January 2020 and 30th June 2022. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Multivariable Cox regression was used to ascertain the hazard of death (Hazard Ratio=HR) adjusted for pre-selected covariates. The secondary outcome was sex differences in complications of COVID-19 during hospital stay. RESULTS Overall, 10,259 patients (3,314 females, 6,945 males) were included with a median age of 60 (interquartile range [IQR]=49-68) and 59 (IQR=49-67) years, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar between sexes. More females were non-smokers (65% vs. 44 %, p < 0.01) and obese (39% vs. 30 %, p < 0.01), compared to males. Also, males received greater ICU intervention (mechanical ventilation, prone ventilation, vasopressors, and tracheostomy) than females. Males had a greater hazard of death (compared to females, HR=1.14; 95 % CI=1.02-1.26). Adjustment for complications during hospital stay did not alter the hazard of death (HR=1.16; 95 % CI=1.05-1.28). Males had a significantly elevated hazard of death among patients who received ECMO (HR=1.24; 95 % CI=1.01-1.53). Male sex was associated with cardiac arrest (adjusted OR [aOR]=1.37; 95 % CI=1.16-1.62) and PE (aOR=1.28; 95 % CI=1.06-1.55). CONCLUSION Among patients admitted to ICU for severe COVID-19, males experienced higher severity of illness and more frequent intervention than females. Ultimately, the hazard of death was moderately elevated in males compared to females despite greater PE and cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavienraj Premraj
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Natasha Anne Weaver
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Syed Ameen Ahmad
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole White
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenn Whitman
- Neuroscience Critical Care Division, Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rakesh Arora
- Cardiac Science Program, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Denise Battaglini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Science and Diagnostic Integrated, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Jonathon Fanning
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK; St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, UnitingCare, Australia
| | | | - Jacky Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Surgical Science and Diagnostic Integrated, University of Genoa, Italy; St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, UnitingCare, Australia
| | - Chiara Robba
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Science and Diagnostic Integrated, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Matthew Griffee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sung-Min Cho
- Neuroscience Critical Care Division, Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Yousefi M, Fazaeli S, Mohammad-pour S. Years of life lost (YLL) associated with COVID-19 deaths in Khorasan-RAZAVI province, Iran. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:259-266. [PMID: 34927698 PMCID: PMC8754705 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of deaths among people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) does not show the true impact of the disease on communities. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study based on data from one of the largest provinces of Iran, in the period 13 February 2020 to 17 May 2021. We used WHO proposed guidelines for the calculation of the burden of diseases to calculate the YLL among patients with COVID-19, taking into consideration gender in different age groups. RESULTS Findings showed that 13 628 deaths were due to COVID-19 with associated 249 309 YLL. The study reported higher mortality among men (1222 cases) in the age group over 85 years than in women (840) of the same age group. The minimum number of YLL for men was 1749 in the 5-9 years age group and that for women was 1551 years in the 14-10 years age group. CONCLUSION The high number of deaths due to COVID-19 has led to high YLL due to premature death. The provision of adequate health care and appropriate policies will bring about a decrease in YLL due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Yousefi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9137673119, Iran
| | - Somayeh Fazaeli
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177648964, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammad-pour
- School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996713883, Iran
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Mokhtari M, Khalil D, Farzadfar F, Daroudi R, Asadi-Lari M. The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of IraPEN Program in the General Population of Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:73. [PMID: 36128278 PMCID: PMC9448466 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to over 30% of deaths worldwide and more than 40% in Iran in 2019. Establishing a cost-effective program to control cardiovascular diseases is essential for any country. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the primary prevention program (IraPEN) for cardiovascular diseases in Iran. Methods: This methodological cost-effectiveness study was performed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the IraPEN program by modifying cardiovascular disease risk factors in the IraPEN program. We calculated the economic burden of CVDs risk factors from 2016 to 2018 in 4 pilot cities in Iran. We observed 160,833 individuals for 2 years to measure the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases. To estimate the variation of the 1-year risk of cardiovascular illnesses, and according to the study's goal of estimating the 1-year risk of cardiovascular disease, only 36,631 people remained in the study who compiled the program's instruction for 1 year. Propensity scores were used to consider the effect of those excluded from the study. The 10-year risk of CVDs was estimated by the laboratory tests and information registered in the population's electronic records. To evaluate the effect of the IraPEN program in reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, major CVD risk factors were studied by the World Health Organization formula (whocvdrisk) and cardiovascular diseases risk scoring. We used the 10-year risk for CVDs to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis in terms of cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) saved. Results: According to estimates of the 1-year relative risk reduction in cardiovascular disease, the results showed that relative risk reductions for men and women were 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. Hence, about 174,088 annual acute CVDs events reduction would be expected; this decrease is predicted for men (93,034) more than women (81,054) for the total population of Iran. The total cost of treatment for people with cardiovascular diseases was 165 USD for coronary heart disease or stroke per individual. All risk factors were further reduced in women than men, except for smoking. DALYs averted was 1057.66 for samples who were in the study for a year (36631 samples). The total cost per averted DALY was 47.16. Conclusion: Estimating the costs associated with disease prevention programs is more important in developing countries. The most cost-effective strategies have been preventive therapies that target high-risk individuals. PEN risk reduction programs for primary prevention such as Ira-pen are highly cost-effective and efficient in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mokhtari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Davood Khalil
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajabali Daroudi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Mohsen Asadi-Lari,
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Abbas J, Wang D, Su Z, Ziapour A. The Role of Social Media in the Advent of COVID-19 Pandemic: Crisis Management, Mental Health Challenges and Implications. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1917-1932. [PMID: 34012304 PMCID: PMC8126999 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s284313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on how educating people through social media platforms can help reduce the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 to manage the global health crisis. The pandemic has posed a global mental health crisis, and correct information is indispensable to dispel uncertainty, fear, and mental stress to unify global communities in collective combat against COVID-19 disease worldwide. Mounting studies specified that manifestly endless coronavirus-related newsfeeds and death numbers considerably increased the risk of global mental health issues. Social media provided positive and negative data, and the COVID-19 has resulted in a worldwide infodemic. It has eroded public trust and impeded virus restraint, which outlived the coronavirus pandemic itself. METHODS The study incorporated the narrative review analysis based on the existing literature related to mental health problems using the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) approach to minimize the COVID-19 adverse consequences on global mental health. The study performed a search of the electronic databases available at PsycINFO, PubMed, and LISTA. This research incorporates the statistical data related to the COVID-19 provided by the WHO, John Hopkins University, and Pakistani Ministry of Health. RESULTS Pakistan reported the second-highest COVID-19 cases within South Asia, the fifth-highest number of cases in Asia after Iran, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the 14th highest recorded cases, as of October 14, 2020. Pakistan effectively managed the COVID-19 pandemic in the second wave. It stands at the eighth-highest number of confirmed cases in Asia, the 3rd-highest in South Asia, and the 28th-highest number of established patients globally, as of February20, 2021. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 has resulted in over 108.16 million confirmed cases, deaths over 2.374 million, and a recovery of 80.16 million people worldwide, as of February 12, 2021. This study focused on exploring the COVID-19 pandemic's adverse effects on global public health and the indispensable role of social media to provide the correct information in the COVID-19 health crisis. The findings' generalizability offers helpful insight for crisis management and contributes to the scientific literature. The results might provide a stepping-stone for conduct future empirical studies by including other factors to conclude exciting developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management (ACEM), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
- School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dake Wang
- School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Nursing, University of Texas, Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Arash Ziapour
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran
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Zhao J, Jin H, Li X, Jia J, Zhang C, Zhao H, Ma W, Wang Z, He Y, Lee J, Zhang D, Yin B, Zheng W, Wang H, Pennington M. Disease Burden Attributable to the First Wave of COVID-19 in China and the Effect of Timing on the Cost-Effectiveness of Movement Restriction Policies. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2021; 24:615-624. [PMID: 33933229 PMCID: PMC7897405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Movement restriction policies (MRPs) are effective in preventing/delaying COVID-19 transmission but are associated with high societal cost. This study aims to estimate the health burden of the first wave of COVID-19 in China and the cost-effectiveness of early versus late implementation of MRPs to inform preparation for future waves. METHODS The SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered) modeling framework was adapted to simulate the health and cost outcomes of initiating MRPs at different times: rapid implementation (January 23, the real-world scenario), delayed by 1 week, delayed by 2 weeks, and delayed by 4 weeks. The end point was set as the day when newly confirmed cases reached zero. Two costing perspectives were adopted: healthcare and societal. Input data were obtained from official statistics and published literature. The primary outcomes were disability-adjusted life-years, cost, and net monetary benefit. Costs were reported in both Chinese renminbi (RMB) and US dollars (USD) at 2019 values. RESULTS The first wave of COVID-19 in China resulted in 38 348 disability adjusted life-years lost (95% CI 19 417-64 130) and 2639 billion RMB losses (95% CI 1347-4688). The rapid implementation strategy dominated all other delayed strategies. This conclusion was robust to all scenarios tested. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of 70 892 RMB (the national annual GDP per capita) per disability-adjusted life-year saved, the probability for the rapid implementation to be the optimal strategy was 96%. CONCLUSIONS Early implementation of MRPs in response to COVID-19 reduced both the health burden and societal cost and thus should be used for future waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidi Zhao
- Department of Public Administration, College of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajie Jin
- King's Health Economics, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Jia
- Development Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuren Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yi He
- Curtin University of Technology, (WA) Australia, Bentley WA, Australia
| | - Jimmy Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bo Yin
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haiyin Wang
- Health Technology Assessment Research Department, Shanghai Health Development Research Centre, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mark Pennington
- King's Health Economics, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King's College London, London, UK
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Lavine JS, Bjornstad ON, Antia R. Immunological characteristics govern the transition of COVID-19 to endemicity. Science 2021; 371:741-745. [PMID: 33436525 PMCID: PMC7932103 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We are currently faced with the question of how the severity of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may change in the years ahead. Our analysis of immunological and epidemiological data on endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) shows that infection-blocking immunity wanes rapidly but that disease-reducing immunity is long-lived. Our model, incorporating these components of immunity, recapitulates both the current severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the benign nature of HCoVs, suggesting that once the endemic phase is reached and primary exposure is in childhood, SARS-CoV-2 may be no more virulent than the common cold. We predict a different outcome for an emergent coronavirus that causes severe disease in children. These results reinforce the importance of behavioral containment during pandemic vaccine rollout, while prompting us to evaluate scenarios for continuing vaccination in the endemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie S Lavine
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Ottar N Bjornstad
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Foroozanfar Z, Zamanian M, Moradzadeh R, Hajiabadi F, Ahmadzadeh J, Hosseinkhani Z. Isolation Compliance and Associated Factors Among COVID-19 Patients in North-West Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1697-1703. [PMID: 33408507 PMCID: PMC7781104 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s264227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now turned into a public health emergency. Isolation of patients is a possible solution for controlling epidemic infectious diseases. We assessed the compliance of isolation and associated factors among patients with COVID-19. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 COVID-19 patients discharged from hospitals of Qazvin province. Patients' isolation, self-care health behaviors, reference to public health services and possible related factors were assessed. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS In this study, 320 patients were enrolled, including 175 men (54.7%). Two hundred and eighty-six patients (89.4%) had complete isolation. Factors such as phone tracking by health center (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.75) and dry cough (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.09 to 5.09) increased odds of complete isolation in COVID-19 patients, but having a COVID-19 patient in the family (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.71) and symptoms of disease like shortness of breath (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.85) and muscle pain (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.95) decreased odds ratio for these patients. CONCLUSION Phone tracking by the health center was the most important factor to increase the odds of patient isolation. Thus, the health system should consider improving health workers' knowledge and skills through education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Foroozanfar
- Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamanian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rahmatollah Moradzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajiabadi
- Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Jamal Ahmadzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Allaerts W. How Could This Happen? : Narrowing Down the Contagion of COVID-19 and Preventing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Acta Biotheor 2020; 68:441-452. [PMID: 32335749 PMCID: PMC7183256 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-020-09382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this rapid commentary, a mini-review is given of the present state-of-knowledge regarding the etiology and epidemiology of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV and the risks for developing Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The available knowledge on the viral genomics, molecular biology and pathogenicity of viruses of the Coronaviridae family and other Nidovirales, forms a helpful template for understanding the present pandemic outbreak. However, important questions remain unanswered about the underlying mechanism causing the very high case fatality ratios (CFR) and mechanisms regarding severe reactions like ARDS, fatal cardiac and renal failures, associated with a number of important comorbidity factors. Immunological reactions to lung alveoles in particular (involving lung macrophages and alveolar epithelial cell damage) in late phase ARDS in SARS-like CoV diseases, so far may not have received enough attention. Finally a shortlist of questions for high priority further research is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Allaerts
- Biological Publishing A&O and Immunology Department, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Chen L, Hao G. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1932-1936. [PMID: 32267499 PMCID: PMC7184394 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a key regulator of the renin–angiotensin system in cardiovascular (CV) disease and plays a pivotal role in infections by coronaviruses and influenza viruses. The present review is primarily focused on the findings to indicate the role of ACE2 in the relationship of coronaviruses and influenza viruses to CV disease. It is postulated that the risk of coronavirus or influenza virus infection is high, at least partly due to high ACE2 expression in populations with a high CV risk. Coronavirus and influenza virus vaccine usage in high CV risk populations could be a potential strategy to prevent both CV disease and coronavirus/influenza virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Sulzer D, Antonini A, Leta V, Nordvig A, Smeyne RJ, Goldman JE, Al-Dalahmah O, Zecca L, Sette A, Bubacco L, Meucci O, Moro E, Harms AS, Xu Y, Fahn S, Ray Chaudhuri K. COVID-19 and possible links with Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: from bench to bedside. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2020; 6:18. [PMID: 32885037 PMCID: PMC7441399 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-020-00123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This Viewpoint discusses insights from basic science and clinical perspectives on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the brain, with a particular focus on Parkinson's disease. Major points include that neuropathology studies have not answered the central issue of whether the virus enters central nervous system neurons, astrocytes or microglia, and the brain vascular cell types that express virus have not yet been identified. Currently, there is no clear evidence for human neuronal or astrocyte expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the major receptor for viral entry, but ACE2 expression may be activated by inflammation, and a comparison of healthy and infected brains is important. In contrast to the 1918 influenza pandemic and avian flu, reports of encephalopathy in COVID-19 have been slow to emerge, and there are so far no documented reports of parkinsonism apart from a single case report. We recommend consensus guidelines for the clinical treatment of Parkinson's patients with COVID-19. While a role for the virus in causing or exacerbating Parkinson's disease appears unlikely at this time, aggravation of specific motor and non-motor symptoms has been reported, and it will be important to monitor subjects after recovery, particularly for those with persisting hyposmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neuroscience, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Leta
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Anna Nordvig
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Richard J. Smeyne
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - James E. Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center of Neuroimmunology and CNS Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
| | - Elena Moro
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences GIN-INSERM U1216/CEA/UGA, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Ashley S. Harms
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Yaqian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS UK
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Nicoli F, Solis-Soto MT, Paudel D, Marconi P, Gavioli R, Appay V, Caputo A. Age-related decline of de novo T cell responsiveness as a cause of COVID-19 severity. GeroScience 2020; 42:1015-1019. [PMID: 32583231 PMCID: PMC7312114 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- Kumamoto University, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Sebastian S, Gonzalez HA, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Safety of Drugs During Previous and Current Coronavirus Pandemics: Lessons for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1632-1643. [PMID: 32520312 PMCID: PMC7314090 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic has posed challenges in the routine care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. One of the key challenges is quantification of the risks of immunosuppressive and biological therapies in IBD patients during the pandemic. The similarities and differences between previous coronavirus outbreaks and the pathobiology of the infections can give useful information in understanding the risks, and perhaps potential beneficial aspects of drugs used in IBD. Although clinical, immunological and pharmacological data from the experience with previous coronavirus outbreaks cannot be automatically translated to predict the safety of IBD therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic, the signals so far from these outbreaks on IBD patients who are on immunomodulators and biologics are reassuring to patients and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sebastian
- IBD Unit, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
- Corresponding author: Prof S Sebastian MD FRCP, IBD Unit, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom, e-mail:
| | - H A Gonzalez
- IBD Unit, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - L Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
- Inserm U1256 NGERE, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
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13
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Salamatbakhsh M, Mobaraki K, Ahmadzadeh J. Syndromic Surveillance System for MERS-CoV as New Early Warning and Identification Approach. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:93-95. [PMID: 32104115 PMCID: PMC7008581 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s239984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary presents a novel outlook for public health authorities in the affected countries to detect and respond quickly to the emerging public health threats such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Implementing an innovative electronic surveillance system called syndromic surveillance system is essential for global health security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazhal Mobaraki
- Epidemiologist in Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jamal Ahmadzadeh
- Epidemiologist in Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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