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Kolathingal-Thodika N, Elayadeth-Meethal M, Dunshea FR, Eckard R, Flavel M, Chauhan SS. Is early life programming a promising strategy for methane mitigation and sustainable intensification in ruminants? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 982:179654. [PMID: 40359832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Sustainable animal production requires lowering emissions and adapting to climate change. Numerous nutritional and management interventions that enhance adult ruminants' efficiency and resilience produce only temporary results, reducing the sustainability of the programs. This is because only short-lived changes in the host and rumen microbiome occur, which revert to the original levels when the intervention ceases. Early life programming (ELP) is a promising approach to increase sustainable livestock production, enhance efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Early influences using ELP have profound and enduring effects on molecular pathways, physiological adaptations, and long-term phenotypic consequences later in life. These effects occur from the embryonic stage to birth (foetal programming, FP), birth to weaning, and beyond. The underlying mechanisms of ELP include the sequential development of the rumen and microbial colonisation in the rumen, orchestrated through molecular changes, including transcriptomic and epigenetic modifications. This review highlights the key mechanisms behind ELP and explores strategies across different production systems that can improve livestock performance while helping to achieve net-zero emissions. Management strategies like step-down weaning, dietary modifications including increasing solid feed and high-fibre diets and adding anti-methanogenic agents and other feed additives to target the desired rumen microbial community, such as propionate-producing Prevotella, Sharpea, Coprococcus and Megasphaera, are promising strategies for implementing ELP. Creating alternate hydrogen sinks through ELP by favouring metabolic pathways that enhance propionate production can also be targeted. Furthermore, recent innovative strategies, such as using methanotroph-methylotroph consortium as probiotics and oxidising feed additives, are worth researching for ELP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseema Kolathingal-Thodika
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Muhammed Elayadeth-Meethal
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Richard Eckard
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Matthew Flavel
- The Product Makers (Australia) Pty Ltd, 50-60 Popes Rd, Keysborough, Victoria 3173, Australia.
| | - Surinder S Chauhan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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2
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Gong H, Liang F, Cai C, Ding X, Bai S, Zhang K, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Xuan Y, Xu S, Mao X, Wang J. Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improved egg quality by modulating intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota in post-peak laying hens. Poult Sci 2025; 104:104979. [PMID: 40073632 PMCID: PMC11950754 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 02/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP), a postbiotic feed additive, has potential to improve animal growth and productivity. However, its effects on post-peak laying hens have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of SCFP on production, egg quality, intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota in post-peak laying hens. A total of 600 45-week-old Lohmann pink laying hens were randomly assigned into three treatments, with ten replicates and twenty hens per replicate. The hens were fed either a basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with SCFP at 750 mg/kg (SCFP1) and 1250 mg/kg (SCFP2) for 16 weeks. The results showed no significant effects on the laying performance (P > 0.05). SCFP supplementation increased Haugh unit, yolk color, albumen height, and eggshell ratio compared to the CON diet(P < 0.05). Hens received SCFP diets exhibited a higher intestinal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of jejunal occludin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), and mucin 2 (MUC-2) (P < 0.05). Additionally, SCFP supplementation increased the concentration of jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) (P < 0.05), elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary SCFP tended to decrease ovarian cell apoptosis and enhanced antioxidant capacity in laying hens (P < 0.05). Compared to CON group, the SCFP1 and SCFP2 groups had lower total bacteria and Escherichia coli, higher Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), and a greater abundance of Streptococcus, Pedosphaerales, Christensenellales, and Prevotellaceae in cecum. Significant correlations were observed between egg quality, intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota. In addition, cecal microbial functional prediction indicated that SCFP altered various nutritional metabolism pathways. Dietary SCFP supplementation effectively improved egg quality in post-peak laying hens by modulating intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota. Collectively, SCFP could be used as a valuable feed additive for post-peak laying hens, with 1250 mg/kg SCFP showing the better effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Gong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Fengjia Liang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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Jiang Y, Dhungana A, Odunfa OA, McCoun M, McGill J, Yoon I, Ogunade I. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, blood proinflammatory cytokines, and plasma metabolome of Holstein steers fed a high-grain diet. Transl Anim Sci 2025; 9:txaf058. [PMID: 40391287 PMCID: PMC12086543 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaf058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and plasma metabolome of Holstein steers fed a high-grain diet. Steers were fed diet with 80% concentrate and 20% corn silage once daily ad libitum. Steers were stratified based on initial body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to two treatments: 1) control (CON), a basal diet without SCFP; 2) basal diet + 12 g/head/day SCFP, top-dressed. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (BW: 580 ± 29.2 kg) were enrolled in a crossover design study with 25-d treatment periods and a 24-d washout period. Dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated from daily feed offered and refusals. Blood was collected before morning feeding on day 25 of each period. Rumen fluid was collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 h post-feeding on d 25. Fecal samples were collected from d 22 to 24 for digestibility measures. Statistical analyses were performed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS, 2023). Supplementing SCFP had no effect on digestibility of organic matter (OM, P = 0.63), crude protein (CP, P = 0.97), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, P = 0.59), and acid detergent fiber (ADF, P = 0.84). Treatment did not affect fecal excretion of nitrogen (N, P = 0.69), phosphorus (P, P = 0.24), copper (Cu, P = 0.71), and zinc (Zn, P = 0.95). Supplementing SCFP increased (6.29 vs. 6.01, P = 0.01) ruminal pH compared to CON. Lactic acid concentrations were similar between treatments (P = 0.17) and low in both groups (0.09mM vs. 0.28mM). Treatment did not affect ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations (P > 0.10) but decreased butyrate molar proportion (P = 0.01) and tended to increase the molar proportions of isobutyrate (P = 0.06) and isovalerate (P ≤ 0.10). Treatment had no effect on the in vitro production of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β (P > 0.11) and IL-6 (P > 0.12), in the whole blood in response to various toll-like receptor stimulants. Plasma pathways of purine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and lysine degradation were enriched (P ≤ 0.05) by feeding SCFP. Overall, supplementing SCFP did not affect total tract digestibility, fecal excretions of macro minerals but enhanced ruminal pH in cattle fed a high-grain diet. Furthermore, feeding SCFP enriched several important plasma pathways related to protein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Anjan Dhungana
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA
| | - Oluwaseun A Odunfa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Megan McCoun
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA
| | - Jodi McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Ibukun Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Xu J, Li X, Fan Q, Zhao S, Jiao T. Effects of Yeast Culture on Lamb Growth Performance, Rumen Microbiota, and Metabolites. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:738. [PMID: 40076021 PMCID: PMC11899153 DOI: 10.3390/ani15050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2025] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
The effects of incorporating yeast culture (YC) into pelleted feeds on sheep production and the potential impact on rumen microbial populations, microbial metabolism, and fermentation have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of YC on growth performance, rumen tissue development, rumen fermentation, and rumen microflora in sheep and to explore the potential microbial mechanisms involved. Fifty healthy 3-month-old male lambs of small-tailed Han sheep, with an average weight of 28.44 ± 0.63 kg, were randomly divided into five groups: control (0% YC), 3% YC, 6% YC, 9% YC, and 12% YC. The pre-feeding period lasted for 15 days, followed by an official feeding period of 60 days. On the last day of the formal feeding period, six lambs that exhibited the best growth performance were randomly selected from the control group and the 9% YC group. These sheep were slaughtered, then the rumen epithelial tissue and rumen contents were collected for the measurement of rumen fermentation, microbial populations, and metabolites. Compared to the control group, the YC-treated groups showed higher daily and final body weight gains, as well as increased levels of propionic acid, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05). YC supplementation also enhanced rumen papilla length and width (p < 0.05). Additionally, YC increased the relative abundance of certain microbial species (p < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementing 9% YC in pelleted diets for small-tailed Han sheep may enhance growth performance and improve the rumen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Xu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.X.); (Q.F.)
- Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Provincial R&D Institute of Ruminants in Gansu, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xiongxiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Qingshan Fan
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.X.); (Q.F.)
- Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Provincial R&D Institute of Ruminants in Gansu, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ting Jiao
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.X.); (Q.F.)
- Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Provincial R&D Institute of Ruminants in Gansu, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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Salahlou M, Hajimohammadi A, Nazifi S, Rowshan-Ghasrodashti A, Nikzad M, Mirzaei A. Effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplement on liver functionality index and metabolic parameters in transition period of dairy cattle. Vet J 2025; 309:106280. [PMID: 39617095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024]
Abstract
This research sought to evaluate the potential effects of probiotics and yeast cell wall (YCW) supplements on the liver functionality index (LFI) and metabolic parameters of dairy cattle throughout the transitional period. A cohort of forty dry cows was randomly divided into four groups, namely the probiotic group (Pr) receiving a basal diet combined with a blend of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lechiniformis, Streptococcus Thermophilis, and Enterococcus faecium; the YCW group receiving a basal diet enriched with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the probiotic and yeast cell wall extract group (P & Y) receiving a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of probiotic and yeast cell wall extract; and the control group adhering to the basal diet. The intervention was initiated 21 days before calving and persisted until 28 days post-calving, except for the control group. The study entailed the collection of blood samples at four sampling times, encompassing 21 days preceding calving, seven days before calving, seven days post-calving, and four weeks post-calving. Multiple biochemical parameters were assessed, including urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), albumin, total protein (TP), globulin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and liver functionality index. The results showed that the Pr group exhibited reduced average levels of GGT and glucose compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the P & Y group demonstrated lower average BUN, TB, and cholesterol levels than the control (P < 0.05). Notably, the LFI exhibited a discernible trend towards elevation in the Pr group compared to the control group (P = 0.007) and the P & Y group (P = 0.007). In essence, supplementation of YCW and probiotics is associated with advantageous effects on metabolic parameters and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salahlou
- Resident of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Hajimohammadi
- Associate Professor of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Professor of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rowshan-Ghasrodashti
- Assistant Professor of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nikzad
- Resident of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Mirzaei
- Post-doctoral associate at College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, FL 32610, USA
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Dai D, Kong F, Han H, Shi W, Song H, Yoon I, Wang S, Liu X, Lu N, Wang W, Li S. Effects of postbiotic products from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation on lactation performance, antioxidant capacity, and blood immunity in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:10584-10598. [PMID: 39004128 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on lactational performance, metabolism, acute phase protein response, and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows from -21 to 56 DIM. A total of 180 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were blocked by parity, expected calving date, pre-trial BCS, and previous 305-d mature-equivalent milk yield, and then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: the basal control diet (CON; n = 60), the basal diet supplemented with 40 g/d of XPC (XPC; n = 60; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA), and the basal diet supplemented with 19 g/d of NutriTek (NTK; n = 60, Diamond V). Blood (n = 15, 13, and 12 in the CON, XPC, and NTK groups, respectively) was sampled at -7 (± 3), +3, +7, +21, and +28 d, and milk (n = 19, 18, and 15 in the CON, XPC, and NTK groups, respectively) was sampled from 1 to 8 wk from a subset of cows from -21 to 56 d relative to calving. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). All data were subjected to repeated measures ANOVA. Dietary treatment (Trt), time, and their interaction (Trt × time) were considered as fixed effects and cow as the random effect. Cows fed XPC and NTK had greater ECM yield. Supplementing NTK increased milk fat content and yield and 3.5% FCM yield compared with CON. Milk urea nitrogen was lower in XPC cows than CON. We found that SCFP supplementation decreased plasma BHB, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin (HPT), and IL-1β concentrations, and it increased plasma P concentrations. In addition, cows fed NTK showed lower creatinine (CR) and cortisol concentrations but increased plasma Ca and myeloperoxidase concentrations than CON cows. In addition, cows fed NTK and XPC both had reduced plasma concentrations of serum amyloid-A (SAA) at 3 DIM compared with CON cows. Furthermore, SCFP cows had greater concentrations of plasma glucose and Ca than CON cows at 7 DIM, and greater concentrations of plasma P at 21 DIM. Between the groups fed different types of SCFP, plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, malondialdehyde, CR, SAA, and HPT were lower in cows fed NTK compared with cows fed XPC at 7 DIM. Overall, our results indicate the potential benefits of supplementing SCFP in transition dairy cows by modulating immunity and liver metabolic function and supporting ECM yield. The results also suggest that NutriTek at 19 g/d appears to support the performance and health of dairy cows better compared with XPC at 40 g/d, based on improved metabolic and inflammatory status during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwen Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Fanlin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | | | - Han Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | | | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Lu
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Henige M, Anklam K, Aviles M, Buettner J, Henschel S, Yoon I, Wheeler J, Dawson G, McGill J, Döpfer D. The Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product Supplementation on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Holstein Friesian Cattle Experimentally Inoculated with Digital Dermatitis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3260. [PMID: 39595313 PMCID: PMC11591135 DOI: 10.3390/ani14223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital dermatitis (DD) poses a major animal welfare concern for the dairy industry, with even broader economic implications for the agricultural industry worldwide. The postbiotic, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP), has had a positive influence on the innate immune system of cattle, which makes it a potential candidate as a feed supplement as part of a prevention strategy for DD. This study investigated the effect of a commercial SCFP feed supplement compared to a control feed supplement on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in Holstein Friesian steers experimentally infected with DD. The results showed that SCFP supplementation was associated with an overall reduced IL-1β production (p = 0.005), particularly prior to experimental inoculation with a DD lesion homogenate. However, the results of the analysis suggest that the innate immune system in the SCFP group became prepared to respond more rapidly to DD infection post-inoculation. During active (M2), chronic (M4), and focal flare-ups (M4.1) of DD, SCFP supplementation resulted in a more rapid secretion of IL-1β (M2: p = 0.038; M4/M4/1: p = 0.034). A more rapid response to DD infection for IL-6 was only found for chronic (M4) and focal flare-ups (M4.1) of DD (p = 0.006). These findings emphasize the difference in cytokine response between various stages of DD in the SCFP group compared to the control, highlighting implications for DD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee Henige
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (J.B.); (S.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Kelly Anklam
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (J.B.); (S.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Matthew Aviles
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (J.B.); (S.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Julia Buettner
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (J.B.); (S.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Summer Henschel
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (J.B.); (S.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Ilkyu Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA; (I.Y.); (J.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Jeffrey Wheeler
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA; (I.Y.); (J.W.); (G.D.)
| | - George Dawson
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA; (I.Y.); (J.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Jodi McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Dörte Döpfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (J.B.); (S.H.); (D.D.)
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8
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Liang J, Liu S, Zhang R, Chang J, Lv L, Nabi M, Zhang G, Zhang P. Yeast culture enhances long-term fermentation of corn straw by ruminal microbes for volatile fatty acid production: Performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122736. [PMID: 39362162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Ruminal microbes can efficiently ferment biomass waste to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs). However, keeping long-term efficient VFA production efficiency has become a bottleneck. In this study, yeast culture (YC) was used to enhance the VFA production in long-term fermentation. Results showed that YC group improved the volatile solid removal and VFA concentration to 47.8% and 7.82 g/L, respectively, 18.6% and 16.1% higher than the control, mainly enhancing the acetic, propionic, and butyric acid production. YC addition reduced the bacterial diversity, changed the bacterial composition, and improved interactions among bacteria. The regulation mechanism of YC was to increase the abundance and activity of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria such as Prevotella and Treponema, improve bacterial interactions, and further promote expression of functional genes. Ultimately, a long-term efficient ruminal fermentation of corn straw into VFAs was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianning Chang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Longyi Lv
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Mohammad Nabi
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Panyue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Guo J, Zhang Z, Guan LL, Zhou M, Yoon I, Khafipour E, Plaizier JC. Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation stabilize rumen solids microbiota and promote microbial network interactions and diversity of hub taxa during grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges in lactating dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1409659. [PMID: 39220041 PMCID: PMC11362103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1409659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background High-yielding dairy cows are commonly fed high-grain rations. However, this can cause subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), a metabolic disorder in dairy cows that is usually accompanied by dysbiosis of the rumen microbiome. Postbiotics that contain functional metabolites provide a competitive niche for influential members of the rumen microbiome, may stabilize and promote their populations, and, therefore, may attenuate the adverse effects of SARA. Methods This study used a total of 32 rumen-cannulated lactating dairy cows, which were randomly assigned into four treatments: no SCFP (control), 14 g/d Original XPC (SCFPa), 19 g/d NutriTek (SCFPb-1X), and 38 g/d NutriTek (SCFPb-2X) (Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition. Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5 (SARA1) and week 8 (SARA2) after parturition by replacing 20% dry matter of the base total mixed ration (TMR) with pellets containing 50% ground barley and 50% ground wheat. The DNA of rumen solids digesta was extracted and subjected to V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The characteristics of rumen solids microbiota were compared between non-SARA (Pre-SARA1, week 4; Post-SARA1, week 7; and Post-SARA2, weeks 10 and 12) and SARA stages (SARA1/1, SARA1/2, SARA2/1, SARA2/2), as well as among treatments. Results Both SARA challenges reduced the richness and diversity of the microbiota and the relative abundances of the phylum Fibrobacteres. Supplementation with SCFP promoted the growth of several fibrolytic bacteria, including Lachnospiraceae UCG-009, Treponema, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae during the SARA challenges. These challenges also reduced the positive interactions and the numbers of hub taxa in the microbiota. The SCFPb treatment increased positive interactions among microbial members of the solids digesta and the number of hub taxa during the SARA and non-SARA stages. The SCFPb-2X treatment prevented changes in the network characteristics, including the number of components, clustering coefficient, modularity, positive edge percentage, and edge density of the microbiota during SARA challenges. These challenges reduced predicted carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in microbiota, whereas SCFP supplementation attenuated those reductions. Conclusions Supplementation with SCFP, especially the SCFPb-2X attenuated the adverse effects of grain-based SARA on the diversity and predicted functionality of rumen solids microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Guo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ilkyu Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, United States
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jan C. Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Li Z, Hu Y, Li H, Lin Y, Cheng M, Zhu F, Guo Y. Effects of yeast culture supplementation on milk yield, rumen fermentation, metabolism, and bacterial composition in dairy goats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1447238. [PMID: 39170629 PMCID: PMC11336828 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1447238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of yeast culture (YC) on dairy goat milk yield and potential effects of rumen microbial population changes on rumen fermentation are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of YC on milk yield and rumen fermentation in dairy goats and explore the potential microbial mechanisms. Forty Laoshan dairy goats with a weight of 51.23 ± 2.23 kg and daily milk yield of 1.41 ± 0.26 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (no YC), YC1 (10 g/day per goat), YC2 (25 g/day per goat), and YC3 (40 g/day per goat). The pre-feeding period was 15 days, and the official period was 60 days. Laoshan dairy goats were milked twice daily, and the individual milk yield was recorded. On the last day of the official period, rumen fluid was collected to measure rumen fermentation, perform quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and detect metabolites. Compared to the control group, the YC group had greater milk yield; higher acetic acid, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acid contents; and lower ammonia-N (NH3-N) content in the rumen (p < 0.05). YC increased the abundance of Clostridia_UCG-014 and Paraprevotella (p < 0.05). Differential metabolites L-leucine and aspartic acid were screened. This study revealed the microbial mechanisms linking the relative abundance of Paraprevotella and Clostridia_UCG-014 to L-leucine and aspartic acid utilization. These results describe the potential benefits of supplementing 10 g/day per goat YC in the diets of Laoshan dairy goats for improving the rumen environment and milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingting Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yixuan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Guo J, Zhang Z, Guan LL, Yoon I, Plaizier JC, Khafipour E. Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation stabilize microbiota in rumen liquid digesta during grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:101. [PMID: 39085941 PMCID: PMC11293205 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows, and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation. This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges. A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition. Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics (SCFPa, 14 g/d Original XPC; SCFPb-1X, 19 g/d NutriTek; SCFPb-2X, 38 g/d NutriTek, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA). Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5 (SARA1) and week 8 (SARA2) after parturition by replacing 20% DM of the base total mixed ration (TMR) with pellets containing 50% ground barley and 50% ground wheat. Total DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3-V4 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages. RESULTS Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota, altered the overall composition (β-diversity), and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways. The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa, number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks. Supplementation with SCFP postbiotics, in particular SCFPb-2X, enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota. The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges. The SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria, including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages. Supplementation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration, and α- and β-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta. CONCLUSIONS Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows. Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Guo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Present Address: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ilkyu Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, 52404, United States
| | - Jan C Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Present Address: Cargill Animal Nutrition, 15407 McGinty Road West, Wayzata, MN, 55391, USA.
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12
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Chen X, Xiao J, Zhao W, Li Y, Zhao W, Zhang W, Xin L, Han Z, Wang L, Aschalew ND, Zhang X, Wang T, Qin G, Sun Z, Zhen Y. Mechanistic insights into rumen function promotion through yeast culture ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) metabolites using in vitro and in vivo models. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1407024. [PMID: 39081884 PMCID: PMC11287897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yeast culture (YC) enhances ruminant performance, but its functional mechanism remains unclear because of the complex composition of YC and the uncertain substances affecting rumen fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of effective metabolites in YC by exploring its effects on rumen fermentation in vitro, growth and slaughter performance, serum index, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microorganisms, and metabolites in lambs. Methods In Trial 1, various YCs were successfully produced, providing raw materials for identifying effective metabolites. The experiment was divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replicates in each group: the control group (basal diet without additives) and YC groups were supplemented with 0.625‰ of four different yeast cultures, respectively (groups A, B, C, and D). Rumen fermentation parameters were determined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h in vitro. A univariate regression model multiple factor associative effects index (MFAEI; y) was established to correlate the most influential factors on in vitro rumen fermentation with YC metabolites (x). This identified the metabolites promoting rumen fermentation and optimal YC substance levels. In Trial 2, metabolites in YC not positively correlated with MFAEI were excluded, and effective substances were combined with pure chemicals (M group). This experiment validated the effectiveness of YC metabolites in lamb production based on their impact on growth, slaughter performance, serum indices, rumen parameters, microorganisms, and metabolites. Thirty cross-generation rams (Small tail Han-yang ♀ × Australian white sheep ♂) with good body condition and similar body weight were divided into three treatment groups with 10 replicates in each group: control group, YC group, pure chemicals combination group (M group). Results Growth performance and serum index were measured on days 30 and 60, and slaughter performance, rumen fermentation parameters, microorganisms, and metabolites were measured on day 60. The M group significantly increased the dressing percentage, and significantly decreased the GR values of lambs (p < 0.05). The concentration of growth hormone (GH), Cortisol, insulin (INS), and rumen VFA in the M group significantly increased (p < 0.05). Discussion These experiments confirmed that YC or its screened effective metabolites positively impact lamb slaughter performance, rumen fermentation, and microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Wanzhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Liang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Lanhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Natnael Demelash Aschalew
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
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Jiang Q, Sherlock DN, Elolimy AA, Yoon I, Loor JJ. Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during a gut barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows impacts the ruminal microbiota and metabolome. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4476-4494. [PMID: 38369118 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Through its influence on the gut microbiota, the feeding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) has been a successful strategy to enhance the health of dairy cows during periods of physiological stresses. Although production and metabolic outcomes from feeding SCFP are well-known, its combined impacts on the ruminal microbiota and metabolome during gut barrier challenges remain unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, multiparous Holstein cows (97.1 ± 7.6 DIM [SD]; n = 8/group) fed a control diet (CON) or CON plus 19 g/d SCFP for 9 wk were subjected to a feed restriction (FR) challenge for 5 d, during which they were fed 40% of their ad libitum intake from the 7 d before FR. The DNA extracted from ruminal fluid was subjected to PacBio full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time PCR of 12 major ruminal bacteria, and metabolomics analysis of up to 189 metabolites via GC/MS. High-quality amplicon sequence analyses were performed with the TADA (Targeted Amplicon Diversity Analysis), MicrobiomeAnalyst, PICRUSt2, and STAMP software packages, and metabolomics data were analyzed via MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Ruminal fluid metabolites from the SCFP group exhibited a greater α-diversity Chao 1 (P = 0.03) and Shannon indices (P = 0.05), and the partial least squares discriminant analysis clearly discriminated metabolite profiles between dietary groups. The abundance of CPla_4_termite_group, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Oribacterium, and Pirellula genus in cows fed SCFP was greater. In the SCFP group, concentrations of ethanolamine, 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, glyoxylic acid, serine, threonine, cytosine, stearic acid, and pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid were greater in ruminal fluid. Both Fretibacterium and Succinivibrio abundances were positively correlated with metabolites across various biological processes: gamma-aminobutyric acid, galactose, butane-2,3-diol, fructose, 5-amino pentanoic acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, ornithine, malonic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, cadaverine, glycolic acid, β-alanine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, methyl alanine, and alanine. In the SCFP group, compared with CON, the mean proportion of 14 predicted pathways based on metabolomics data was greater, whereas 10 predicted pathways were lower. Integrating metabolites and upregulated predicted enzymes (NADP+-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, serine: glyoxylate aminotransferase, and d-glycerate 3-kinase) indicated that the pentose phosphate pathway and photorespiration pathway were most upregulated by SCFP. Overall, SCFP during FR led to alterations in ruminal microbiota composition and key metabolic pathways. Among those, we identified a shift from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the glyoxylate cycle, and nitrogenous base production was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801; Livestock Production and Management, Department of Integrated Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 1551, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.
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14
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Zhang Q, Ma L, Zhang X, Jia H, Tana, Guo Y, Zhang J, Wang J. Feeding live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) improved performance of mid-lactation dairy cows by altering ruminal bacterial communities and functions of serum antioxidation and immune responses. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:245. [PMID: 38849835 PMCID: PMC11157803 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, YE) in dairy cows is gaining traction in dairy production as a potential strategy to improve feed efficiency and milk yield. However, the effects of YE on dairy cow performance remain inconsistent across studies, leaving the underlying mechanisms unclear. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of YE supplementation on lactation performance, ruminal microbiota composition and fermentation patterns, as well as serum antioxidant capacity and immune functions in dairy cows. RESULTS Supplementation with YE (20 g/d/head) resulted in enhancements in dairy cow's dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.016), as well as increased yields of milk (P = 0.002) and its components, including solids (P = 0.003), fat (P = 0.014), protein (P = 0.002), and lactose (P = 0.001) yields. The addition of YE led to significant increases in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P = 0.023), acetate (P = 0.005), propionate (P = 0.025), valerate (P = 0.003), and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (P < 0.001) in rumen fermentation parameters. The analysis of 16s rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that the administration of YE resulted in a rise in the relative abundances of three primary genera including Ruminococcus_2 (P = 0.010), Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P = 0.009), and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (P = 0.054) at the genus level. Furthermore, this increase was accompanied with an enriched pathway related to amino acid metabolism. Additionally, enhanced serum antioxidative (P < 0.05) and immune functionalities (P < 0.05) were also observed in the YE group. CONCLUSIONS In addition to improving milk performance, YE supplementation also induced changes in ruminal bacterial community composition and fermentation, while enhancing serum antioxidative and immunological responses during the mid-lactation stage. These findings suggest that YE may exert beneficial effects on both rumen and blood metabolism in mid-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tana
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jize Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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15
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Zhao Y, Yu S, Zhao H, Li L, Li Y, Liu M, Jiang L. Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals the positive leverage of citrus flavonoids on hindgut microbiota and host homeostasis by modulating sphingolipid metabolism in mid-lactation dairy cows consuming a high-starch diet. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:236. [PMID: 37880759 PMCID: PMC10598921 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern dairy diets have shifted from being forage-based to grain and energy dense. However, feeding high-starch diets can lead to a metabolic disturbance that is linked to dysregulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome and systemic inflammatory response. Plant flavonoids have recently attracted extensive interest due to their anti-inflammatory effects in humans and ruminants. Here, multi-omics analysis was conducted to characterize the biological function and mechanisms of citrus flavonoids in modulating the hindgut microbiome of dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. RESULTS Citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) significantly lowered serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), acute phase proteins (LPS-binding protein and haptoglobin) in dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. Dietary CFE supplementation increased fecal butyrate production and decreased fecal LPS. In addition, dietary CFE influenced the overall hindgut microbiota's structure and composition. Notably, potentially beneficial bacteria, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, and Akkermansia, were enriched in CFE and were found to be positively correlated with fecal metabolites and host metabolites. Fecal and serum untargeted metabolomics indicated that CFE supplementation mainly emphasized the metabolic feature "sphingolipid metabolism." Metabolites associated with the sphingolipid metabolism pathway were positively associated with increased microorganisms in dairy cows fed CFE, particularly Bacteroides. Serum lipidomics analysis showed that the total contents of ceramide and sphingomyelin were decreased by CFE addition. Some differentially abundant sphingolipid species were markedly associated with serum IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and fecal Bacteroides. Metaproteomics revealed that dietary supplementation with CFE strongly impacted the overall fecal bacterial protein profile and function. In CFE cows, enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our research indicates the importance of bacterial sphingolipids in maintaining hindgut symbiosis and homeostasis. Dietary supplementation with CFE can decrease systemic inflammation by maintaining hindgut microbiota homeostasis and regulating sphingolipid metabolism in dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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16
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Thomas M, Serrenho RC, Puga SO, Torres JM, Puga SO, Stangaferro M. Effect of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product to Holstein cows exposed to high temperature and humidity conditions on milk production performance and efficiency-A pen-level trial. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00289-8. [PMID: 37268565 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on milk production efficiency of Holstein cows naturally exposed to high temperature and humidity conditions. The study was conducted in 2 commercial farms in Mexico from July to October 2020 and included 1 wk covariate period, 3 wk adaptation, and 12 wk data collection. Cows [n = 1,843; ≥21 d in milk (DIM) and <100 d carried calf] were enrolled and assigned to the study pens (n = 10) balanced for parity, milk yield, and DIM. Pens were fed a total mixed ration diet either without (CTRL) or with SCFP (19 g/d, NutriTek, Diamond V). Milk yield, energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk components, linear somatic cell score, dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (FE; Milk/DMI and ECM/DMI), body condition score, and the incidence of clinical mastitis, pneumonia, and culling were monitored. Statistical analyses included mixed linear and logistic models accounting for repeated measures (when applicable; multiple measurements per cow within treated pens) with pen as the experimental unit and treatment, time (week of study), parity (1 vs. 2+), and their interactions as fixed and pen nested within farm and treatment as random effect. Parity 2+ cows within pens fed SCFP produced more milk than cows within CTRL pens (42.1 vs. 41.2 kg/d); there were no production differences between groups of primiparous groups. Cows within SCFP pens had lower DMI (25.2 vs. 26.0 kg/d) and greater FE (1.59 vs. 1.53) and ECM FE (1.73 vs. 1.68) than cows within CTRL pens. Milk components, linear somatic cell score, health events, and culling were not different between groups. At the end of the study (245 ± 54 DIM), SCFP cows had greater body condition score than CTRL (3.33 vs. 3.23 in the first parity; 3.11 vs. 3.04 in 2+ parity cows). Feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products to lactating cows exposed to high temperature and humidity conditions improved FE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thomas
- Dairy Health and Management Services, Lowville, NY 13367
| | | | | | | | | | - M Stangaferro
- Dairy Health and Management Services, Lowville, NY 13367.
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17
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Firkins JL, Mitchell KE. Invited review: Rumen modifiers in today's dairy rations. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3053-3071. [PMID: 36935236 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to review feed additives that have a potential ruminal mechanism of action when fed to dairy cattle. We discuss how additives can influence ruminal fermentation stoichiometry through electron transfer mechanisms, particularly the production and usage of dihydrogen. Lactate accumulation should be avoided, especially when acidogenic conditions suppress ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestibility or lead to subclinical acidosis. Yeast products and other probiotics are purported to influence lactate uptake, but growing evidence also supports that yeast products influence expression of gut epithelial genes promoting barrier function and resulting inflammatory responses by the host to various stresses. We also have summarized methane-suppressing additives for potential usage in dairy rations. We focused on those with potential to decrease methane production without decreasing fiber digestibility or milk production. We identified some mitigating factors that need to be addressed more fully in future research. Growth factors such as branched-chain volatile fatty acids also are part of crucial cross-feeding among groups of microbes, particularly to optimize fiber digestibility in the rumen. Our developments of mechanisms of action for various rumen-active modifiers should help nutrition advisors anticipate when a benefit in field conditions is more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
| | - K E Mitchell
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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18
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Bandarupalli VVK, St-Pierre B. Metagenomics-Based Analysis of Candidate Lactate Utilizers from the Rumen of Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030658. [PMID: 36985231 PMCID: PMC10054779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In ruminant livestock production, ruminal acidosis is an unintended consequence of the elevated dietary intake of starch-rich feedstuffs. The transition from a state of subacute acidosis (SARA) to acute acidosis is due in large part to the accumulation of lactate in the rumen, which is a consequence of the inability of lactate utilizers to compensate for the increased production of lactate. In this report, we present the 16S rRNA gene-based identification of two bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Bt-01708_Bf (89.0% identical to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) and Bt-01899_Ap (95.3% identical to Anaerococcus prevotii), that were enriched from rumen fluid cultures in which only lactate was provided as an exogenous substrate. Analyses of in-silico-predicted proteomes from metagenomics-assembled contigs assigned to these candidate ruminal bacterial species (Bt-01708_Bf: 1270 annotated coding sequences, 1365 hypothetical coding sequences; Bt-01899_Ap: 871 annotated coding sequences, 1343 hypothetical coding sequences) revealed genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase, a putative lactate transporter, as well as pathways for the production of short chain fatty acids (formate, acetate and butyrate) and for the synthesis of glycogen. In contrast to these shared functions, each OTU also exhibited distinct features, such as the potential for the utilization of a diversified set of small molecules as substrates (Bt-01708_Bf: malate, quinate, taurine and polyamines) or for the utilization of starch (Bt-01899_Ap: alpha-amylase enzymes). Together, these results will contribute to the continued characterization of ruminal bacterial species that can metabolize lactate into distinct subgroups based on other metabolic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Vinay Kumar Bandarupalli
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- GenMark Diagnostics, 5964 La Place Ct, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Centeno-Martinez RE, Dong W, Klopp RN, Yoon I, Boerman JP, Johnson TA. Effects of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation postbiotic on the fecal microbial community of Holstein dairy calves. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:13. [PMID: 36803311 PMCID: PMC9938967 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The livestock industry is striving to identify antibiotic alternatives to reduce the need to use antibiotics. Postbiotics, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP), have been studied and proposed as potential non-antibiotic growth promoters due to their effects on animal growth and the rumen microbiome; however, little is known of their effects on the hind-gut microbiome during the early life of calves. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of in-feed SCFP on the fecal microbiome of Holstein bull calves through 4 months of age. Calves (n = 60) were separated into two treatments: CON (no SCFP added) or SCFP (SmartCare®, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, in milk replacer and NutriTek®, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, incorporated into feed), and were blocked by body weight and serum total protein. Fecal samples were collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 of the study to characterize the fecal microbiome community. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design with repeated measures when applicable. A random-forest regression method was implemented to more fully understand community succession in the calf fecal microbiome of the two treatment groups. RESULTS Richness and evenness of the fecal microbiota increased over time (P < 0.001), and SCFP calves tended to increase the evenness of the community (P = 0.06). Based on random-forest regression, calf age as predicted by microbiome composition was significantly correlated with the calf physiological age (R2 = 0.927, P < 1 × 10-15). Twenty-two "age-discriminatory" ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) were identified in the fecal microbiome that were shared between the two treatment groups. Of these, 6 ASVs (Dorea-ASV308, Lachnospiraceae-ASV288, Oscillospira-ASV311, Roseburia-ASV228, Ruminococcaceae-ASV89 and Ruminoccocaceae-ASV13) in the SCFP group reached their highest abundance in the third month, but they reached their highest abundance in the fourth month in the CON group. All other shared ASVs reached their highest abundance at the same timepoint in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of SCFP altered the abundance dynamics of age discriminatory ASVs, suggesting a faster maturation of some members of the fecal microbiota in SCFP calves compared to CON calves. These results demonstrate the value of analyzing microbial community succession as a continuous variable to identify the effects of a dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 270 S Russell St., West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca N Klopp
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 270 S Russell St., West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Jacquelyn P Boerman
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 270 S Russell St., West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy A Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 270 S Russell St., West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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20
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Jiang Q, Sherlock DN, Elolimy AA, Vailati-Riboni M, Yoon I, Loor JJ. Impact of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during an intestinal barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows on ileal microbiota and markers of tissue structure and immunity. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad309. [PMID: 37721866 PMCID: PMC10630188 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; NutriTek, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) during periods of metabolic stress is beneficial to the health of dairy cows partially through its effect on the gut microbiota. Whether SCFP alters the ileal microbiota in lactating cows during intestinal challenges induced by feed restriction (FR) is not known. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess if feeding SCFP during FR to induce gut barrier dysfunction alters microbiota profiles in the ileum. The mRNA abundance of key genes associated with tissue structures and immunity was also detected. Multiparous cows (97.1 ± 7.6 days in milk (DIM); n = 7 per treatment) fed a control diet or the control plus 19 g/d NutriTek for 9 wk were subjected to an FR challenge for 5 d, during which they were fed 40% of their ad libitum intake from the 7 d before FR. All cows were slaughtered at the end of FR. DNA extracted from ileal digesta was subjected to PacBio Full-Length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. High-quality amplicon sequence analyses were performed with Targeted Amplicon Diversity Analysis and MicrobiomeAnalyst. Functional analysis was performed and analyzed using PICRUSt and STAMP. Feeding SCFP did not (P > 0.05) alter dry matter intake, milk yield, or milk components during FR. In addition, SCFP supplementation tended (P = 0.07) to increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bifidobacterium animalis. Compared with controls, feeding SCFP increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillales (P = 0.03). Gluconokinase, oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase, and 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase were among the enzymes overrepresented (P < 0.05) in response to feeding SCFP. Cows fed SCFP had a lower representation of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis I (early cobalt insertion) and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III (P < 0.05). Subsets of the Firmicutes genus, Bacteroidota phylum, and Treponema genus were correlated with the mRNA abundance of genes associated with ileal integrity (GCNT3, GALNT5, B3GNT3, FN1, ITGA2, LAMB2) and inflammation (AOX1, GPX8, CXCL12, CXCL14, CCL4, SAA3). Our data indicated that the moderate FR induced dysfunction of the ileal microbiome, but feeding SCFP increased the abundance of some beneficial gut probiotic bacteria and other species related to tissue structures and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Danielle N Sherlock
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Animal Production Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | | | | | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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21
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Ganda E, Chakrabarti A, Sardi MI, Tench M, Kozlowicz BK, Norton SA, Warren LK, Khafipour E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves robustness of equine gut microbiome upon stress. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1134092. [PMID: 36908513 PMCID: PMC9998945 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1134092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nutritional and environmental stressors can disturb the gut microbiome of horses which may ultimately decrease their health and performance. We hypothesized that supplementation with a yeast-derived postbiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product-SCFP) would benefit horses undergoing an established model of stress due to prolonged transportation. Methods Quarter horses (n = 20) were blocked based on sex, age (22 ± 3 mo) and body weight (439 ± 3 kg) and randomized to receive either a basal diet of 60% hay and 40% concentrate (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 21 g/d Diamond V TruEquine C (SCFP; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) for 60 days. On day 57, horses were tethered with their heads elevated 35cm above wither height for 12 h to induce mild upper respiratory tract inflammation. Fecal samples were collected at days 0, 28, and 56 before induction of stress, and at 0, 12, 24, and 72 h post-stress and subjected to DNA extraction and Nanopore shotgun metagenomics. Within sample (alpha) diversity was evaluated by fitting a linear model and between sample (beta) diversity was tested with permutational ANOVA. Results The SCFP stabilized alpha diversity across all time points, whereas CON horses had more fluctuation (P < 0.05) at 12, 24, and 72 h post-challenge compared to d 56. A significant difference between CON and SCFP was observed at 0 and 12 h. There was no difference in beta-diversity between SCFP and CON on d 56. Discussion Taken together, these observations led us to conclude that treatment with SCFP resulted in more robust and stable microbial profiles in horses after stress challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | | | - Maria I Sardi
- Cargill Biotechnology R&D, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Melissa Tench
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Lori K Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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22
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Wang X, Li F, Zhang N, Ungerfeld E, Guo L, Zhang X, Wang M, Ma Z. Effects of Supplementing A Yeast Culture in a Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Fiber Degradation, Fermentation Parameters, and the Bacterial Community in the Rumen of Sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Pickett AT, Cooke RF, Mackey SJ, Brandão AP, Colombo EA, Oliveira Filho RV, de Melo GD, Pohler KG, Poole RK. Shifts in bacterial communities in the rumen, vagina, and uterus of beef heifers receiving different levels of concentrate. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac338. [PMID: 36239685 PMCID: PMC9733499 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment investigated the effects of diet composition on rumen, vaginal, and uterine microbiota of beef heifers. Fifteen rumen-cannulated, pubertal Angus-influenced heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (28-d periods and 21-d washout intervals). Dietary treatments included diets based on (as-fed) 100% grass hay (HF), 60% grass hay + 40% corn-based concentrate (INT), or 25% grass hay + 75% corn-based concentrate (HG). Treatments were offered individually to heifers once daily at 2% body weight. Rumen, vaginal, and uterine samples were collected on days 0 and 28 of each period. Data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts (linear and quadratic), using results from day 0 as independent covariates and heifer as the experimental unit. Ruminal pH on day 28 decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as concentrate inclusion increased. Uterine and vaginal pH on day 28 were not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.35). Within the rumen samples, Bacteriodetes was the most abundant phylum and its relative abundance linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01) with the inclusion of concentrate. Prevotella was the most abundant genus within the rumen but was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.44). Genera with relative abundance ≥1% (average across treatments) in the rumen that were impacted by treatments (P ≤ 0.01) included Bacteroides, Pedobacter, Dysgonomonas, Caloramator, and Ruminococcus. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in the vagina and uterus, but it was unaffected by treatments (P ≥ 0.16). Prevotella was the most abundant genus in the vagina, and its relative abundance increased (P < 0.01) with the inclusion of concentrate. Other genera with relative abundance ≥1% that were significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by treatments were Clostridium, Pedobacter, Roseburia, Oscillospira, Faecalibacterium, Caloramator, Paludibacter, Rhodothermus, and Porphyromonas. In uterine samples, Prevotella was the most abundant genus but was unaffected by treatments (P ≥ 0.29). Genera with relative abundance ≥1% in the uterus that were significantly affected (P < 0.01) by treatments were Caloramator, Paludibacter, and Thalassospira. Collectively, inclusion of concentrate in the diet altered the bacterial composition within the rumen as well as shifting bacterial populations within the vagina and uterus. Research is warranted to further understand the impacts of these diet-induced microbiota changes on reproductive function and performance of beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn T Pickett
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shea J Mackey
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rebecca K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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24
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Marins T, Gutierrez Oviedo F, Costa M, Chen YC, Goodnight H, Garrick M, Hurley D, Bernard J, Yoon I, Tao S. Impacts of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on productive performance, and metabolic and immunological responses during a feed-restriction challenge of mid-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:202-218. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Honerlagen H, Reyer H, Segelke D, Müller CBM, Prahl MC, Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Reinsch N, Kuhla B, Wimmers K. Ruminal background of predisposed milk urea (MU) concentration in Holsteins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:939711. [PMID: 36177471 PMCID: PMC9513179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to reduce nitrogen (N) emissions are currently based on the optimization of dietary- N supply at average herd N requirements. The implementation of the considerable individual differences and predispositions in N- use efficiency and N- excretion in breeding programs is hampered by the difficulty of data collection. Cow individual milk urea (MU) concentration has been proposed as an easy-to-measure surrogate trait, but recent studies questioned its predictive power. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying predisposed higher (HMUg) or lower (LMUg) MU concentration in dairy cows is needed. Considering the complex N- metabolism in ruminants, the distinction between HMUg and LMUg could be based on differences in (i) the rumen microbial community, (ii) the host-specific transcription processes in the rumen villi, and (iii) the host-microbe interaction in the rumen. Therefore, rumen fluid and rumen epithelial samples from 10 HMUg and 10 LMUg cows were analyzed by 16S sequencing and HiSeq sequencing. In addition, the effect of dietary-N reduction on ruminal shifts was investigated in a second step. In total, 10 differentially abundant genera (DAG) were identified between HMUg and LMUg cows, elucidating greater abundances of ureolytic Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified in LMUg animals and enhanced occurrences of Butyvibrio in HMUg cows. Differential expression analysis revealed genes of the bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex (BOLA genes) as well as MX1, ISG15, and PRSS2 displaying candidates of MU predisposition that further attributed to enhanced immune system activities in LMUg cows. A number of significant correlations between microbial genera and host transcript abundances were uncovered, including strikingly positive correlations of BOLA-DRA transcripts with Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae family abundances that might constitute particularly prominent microbial-host interplays of MU predisposition. The reduction of feed-N was followed by 18 DAG in HMUg and 19 DAG in LMUg, depicting pronounced interest on Shuttleworthia, which displayed controversial adaption in HMUg and LMUg cows. Lowering feed-N further elicited massive downregulation of immune response and energy metabolism pathways in LMUg. Considering breeding selection strategies, this study attributed information content to MU about predisposed ruminal N-utilization in Holstein-Friesians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Honerlagen
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dierck Segelke
- IT-Solutions for Animal Production, Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung w.V. (vit), Verden, Germany
| | - Carolin Beatrix Maria Müller
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marie Christin Prahl
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Reinsch
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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26
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Plaizier JC, Mulligan FJ, Neville EW, Guan LL, Steele MA, Penner GB. Invited review: Effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on gut health of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7141-7160. [PMID: 35879171 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is assumed to be a common disease in high-yielding dairy cows. Despite this, the epidemiological evidence is limited by the lack of survey data. The prevalence of SARA has mainly been determined by measuring the pH of ruminal fluid collected using rumenocentesis. This may not be sufficiently accurate, because the symptoms of SARA are not solely due to ruminal pH depression, and ruminal pH varies among sites in the rumen, throughout a 24-h period, and among days. The impact of SARA has mainly been studied by conducting SARA challenges in cows, sheep, and goats based on a combination of feed restriction and high-grain feeding. The methodologies of these challenges vary considerably among studies. Variations include differences in the duration and amount of grain feeding, type of grain, amount and duration of feed restriction, number of experimental cows, and sensitivity of cows to SARA challenges. Grain-based SARA challenges affect gut health. These effects include depressing the pH in, and increasing the toxin content of, digesta. They also include altering the taxonomic composition of microbiota, reducing the functionality of the epithelia throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and a moderate inflammatory response. The effects on the epithelia include a reduction in its barrier function. Effects on microbiota include reductions in their richness and diversity, which may reduce their functionality and reflect dysbiosis. Changes in the taxonomic composition of gut microbiota throughout the GIT are evident at the phylum level, but less evident and more variable at the genus level. Effects at the phylum level include an increase in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. More studies on the effects of a SARA challenge on the functionality of gut microbiota are needed. The inflammatory response resulting from grain-based SARA challenges is innate and moderate and mainly consists of an acute phase response. This response is likely a combination of systemic inflammation and inflammation of the epithelia of the GIT. The systemic inflammation is assumed to be caused by translocation of immunogenic compounds, including bacterial endotoxins and bioamines, through the epithelia into the interior circulation. This translocation is increased by the increase in concentrations of toxins in digesta and a reduction of the barrier function of epithelia. Severe SARA can cause rumenitis, but moderate SARA may activate an immune response in the epithelia of the GIT. Cows grazing highly fermentable pastures with high sugar contents can also have a low ruminal pH indicative of SARA. This is not accompanied by an inflammatory response but may affect milk production and gut microbiota. Grain-based SARA affects several aspects of gut health, but SARA resulting from grazing high-digestible pastures and insufficient coarse fiber less so. We need to determine which method for inducing SARA is the most representative of on-farm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2.
| | - F J Mulligan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 V1W8
| | - E W Neville
- Celtic Sea Minerals Ltd., Strandfarm, Carrigaline, Co. Cork, Ireland P43 NN62
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R2
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B5
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Lucassen A, Hankel J, Finkler-Schade C, Osbelt L, Strowig T, Visscher C, Schuberth HJ. Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product (Olimond BB) Does Not Alter the Fecal Microbiota of Thoroughbred Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121496. [PMID: 35739833 PMCID: PMC9219515 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) are feed supplements and are widely used in animal nutrition to promote health. The biological effects of SCFP are based on prebiotic mechanisms that directly influence the microbial community of the gut microbiome or postbiotic factors that directly interact with host cells. To show whether the immunomodulatory effects of SCFP feeding are due to an altered composition of gut microbiota, we analyzed the fecal microbiota of racehorses. Horses were fed either the SCFP (Olimond BB) or a placebo product for six weeks, and fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. During this period, SCFP feeding only subtly affected the fecal microbiota in bacterial composition and diversity. SCFP and placebo horses differed significantly in the fecal bacterial diversity directly after intramuscular influenza vaccination. Altogether, the findings argue against a strong prebiotic effect of SCFP in racehorses. In contrast, the modulation of vaccine- and host-induced alterations of the microbiome suggests that the main effects of SCFP are due to contained or induced postbiotic components. Abstract Feed supplements such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) alter immune responses in horses. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether a prebiotic activity of the SCFP alters the gut microbiome in horses. Racehorses were fed either SCFP (Olimond BB, OLI, n = 6) or placebo pellets (PLA, n = 5) for 43 days. Fecal microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The numbers and function of circulating immune cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. SCFP supplementation resulted in non-consistent differences in fecal microbiota between the PLA and OLI during the feeding period. Rather, the individual animal had the highest impact on fecal microbiota composition. OLI and PLA horses displayed the same changes in numbers of blood leukocyte subpopulations over time. One day after a booster vaccination against equine influenza during the feeding period, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota of PLA horses was significantly higher compared to OLI horses. This suggests that SCFP feeding altered the vaccination-induced spectrum of released mediators, potentially affecting gut microbiota. The overall non-consistent findings argue against a strong prebiotic effect of Olimond BB on the microbiota in racehorses. Fecal microbiota differences between the groups were also noticed outside the feeding period and, hence, are most likely not caused by the SCFP additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lucassen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (C.V.)
| | | | - Lisa Osbelt
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.O.); (T.S.)
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.O.); (T.S.)
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-7921
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Guo J, Xu L, Khalouei H, Fehr K, Senaratne V, Ghia JE, Yoon I, Khafipour E, Plaizier JC. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products reduce bacterial endotoxin concentrations and inflammation during grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2354-2368. [PMID: 34998547 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disorder in dairy cows that is associated with dysbiosis of rumen and hindgut microbiomes, translocation of immunogenic compounds from the gut lumen into blood circulation, and systemic inflammatory response. In this study we hypothesized that Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) attenuate the increases in ruminal and peripheral bacterial endotoxin concentrations and the inflammation resulting from repeated induction of SARA. Lactating Holstein dairy cows (parity 2 and 3+, n = 32) were fed diets with or without SCFP (all from Diamond V) and subjected to 2 episodes of SARA challenges. Cows received a basal total mixed ration (TMR) containing 34% neutral detergent fiber and 18.6% starch, dry matter (DM) basis. Treatments were randomly assigned to control (basal TMR and 140 g/d of ground corn with no SCFP) or 1 of 3 SCFP treatments: basal TMR and 14 g/d Original XPC (SCFPa), 19 g/d NutriTek (SCFPb-1×), or 38 g/d NutriTek (SCFPb-2×) mixed with 126, 121, or 102 g/d of ground corn, respectively. Treatments were implemented from 4 wk before until 12 wk after parturition. During wk 5 (SARA1) and wk 8 of lactation (SARA2), grain-based SARA challenges were conducted by gradually replacing 20% of DM of the basal TMR over 3 d with pellets containing 50% wheat and 50% barley. Ruminal fluid, fecal, and blood samples were collected weekly during Pre-SARA1 (wk 4, as baseline), Post-SARA1 (wk 7), and Post-SARA2 (wk 10 for blood and wk 12 for rumen and fecal parameters) stages, and twice a week during the challenges SARA1 and SARA2. Rumen papillae samples were taken only during Pre-SARA1 and Post-SARA2. We measured the concentrations of free lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the rumen fluid and feces; free LPS and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) endotoxins in peripheral plasma; interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in peripheral serum; acute-phase proteins, serum amyloid A (SAA), and LPS-binding protein in peripheral plasma; haptoglobin (Hp) in peripheral serum; and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in rumen papillae. Induction of SARA episodes increased free LPS concentrations in rumen fluid and tended to increase LTA in peripheral plasma. The SARA episodes increased concentration of circulating SAA and tended to increase that of IL-1β compared with Pre-SARA1. Induction of SARA did not affect the concentrations of circulating IL-6, Hp, and MPO. The SCFP supplementation reduced plasma concentrations of LTA and SAA and serum concentration of IL-1β compared with control. Additionally, SCFPb-2× tended to reduce ruminal LPS in second-parity cows compared with control. Overall, SCFP supplementation appeared to stabilize the rumen environment and reduce proinflammatory status, hence attenuating adverse digestive and inflammatory responses associated with SARA episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E2, Canada
| | - L Xu
- Department of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - H Khalouei
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E2, Canada
| | - K Fehr
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E2, Canada
| | - V Senaratne
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E2, Canada
| | - J E Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - I Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
| | - E Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E2, Canada.
| | - J C Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E2, Canada.
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Han G, Gao X, Duan J, Zhang H, Zheng Y, He J, Huo N, Pei C, Li H, Gu S. Effects of yeasts on rumen bacterial flora, abnormal metabolites, and blood gas in sheep with induced subacute ruminal acidosis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Zontini AM, Zerbini E, Minuti A, Trevisi E. Effects of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products to dairy cows from the day of dry-off through early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11673-11685. [PMID: 34482982 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The scope of this experiment was to study the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; NutriTek, Diamond V) on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count, rumination activity, and immunometabolic profile (inflammation) of dairy cows during the peripartum period. Postpartum inflammation severity was evaluated as the liver functionality index (LFI). The LFI is based on profiles of specific blood inflammatory markers in the first month of lactation. We hypothesized that SCFP could increase the rumination time in dairy cows. Treatments were control (CTR; no supplement, n = 17) or SCFP (19 g/d of NutriTek, n = 17) included into a pellet delivered at robotic milking unit. Treatments were fed from d -60 to 42 relative to parturition. Cows were fed the same basal rations formulated to pre- or postpartum requirements. Cows were voluntarily milked with robotic milking unit. Blood samples were collected at d -60, -28, -7, 7, and 28 relative to parturition. To study the effect of the treatment and severity of inflammation during periparturient period on subsequent cow performance, cows were retrospectively divided into 2 groups based on their LFI score: low (LLFI) and high (HLFI). Thus, LFI grouping and supplementation treatment groups were as follows: LLFI-CTR, LLFI-SCFP, HLFI-CTR, HLFI-SCFP. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using a mixed model for repeated measures; the model included the effect of the diet, LFI group, time relative to parturition, and their interaction. The nonesterified fatty acids concentrations were greatest at d 7 of lactation for LLFI-CTR compared with other groups. No other differences in plasma metabolites were observed. The LLFI-CTR cows had a greater reduction of body condition score from d -7 until 28 relative to parturition compared with other groups. Somatic cell counts were not different among groups, with averages of 175, 169, 384, and 126 × 1,000 cells/mL for the HLFI-CTR, HLFI-SCFP, LLFI-CTR, and LLFI-SCFP group, respectively, regardless of day. However, the LLFI-CTR had greater somatic cell count on d 42 compared with other groups. During the week before parturition, the LLFI-CTR group had reduced rumination time of 46 min compared with the other 3 groups. However, the minutes of rumination per day was only different between LLFI-CTR and the LLFI-SCFP groups. Milk production of cows was different for LFI scores as follows: 50.2 versus 46.7 kg/d for HLFI and LLFI, respectively. Interestingly, there were no differences of milk production due to supplementation treatment of the HLFI cows. However, the LLFI-SCFP group produced 49.1 kg/d compared with 44.3 kg/d of the LLFI-CTR group during the first month of lactation. Milk composition did not differ throughout the experimental period for the 4 groups of cows. In conclusion, SCFP supplementation assisted cows experiencing low LFI to maintain milk production, somatic cell count, and plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations similar to cows with high LFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zontini
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health, Fiorenzuola D'Arda (PC), Italy 29017.
| | - E Zerbini
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health, Fiorenzuola D'Arda (PC), Italy 29017
| | - A Minuti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Halfen J, Carpinelli N, Del Pino FAB, Chapman JD, Sharman ED, Anderson JL, Osorio JS. Effects of yeast culture supplementation on lactation performance and rumen fermentation profile and microbial abundance in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11580-11592. [PMID: 34454748 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The continuous trend for a narrowing margin between feed cost and milk prices across dairy farms in the United States highlights the need to improve and maintain feed efficiency. Yeast culture products are alternative supplements that have been evaluated in terms of milk performance and feed efficiency; however, less is known about their potential effects on altering rumen microbial populations and consequently rumen fermentation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast culture supplementation on lactation performance, rumen fermentation profile, and abundance of major species of ruminal bacteria in lactating dairy cows. Forty mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows (121 ± 43 days in milk; mean ± standard deviation; 32 multiparous and 8 primiparous) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 7-d adaptation period followed by a 60-d treatment period. Cows were blocked by parity, days in milk, and previous lactation milk yield and assigned to a basal total mixed ration (TMR; 1.6 Mcal/kg of dry matter, 14.6% crude protein, 21.5% starch, and 38.4% neutral detergent fiber) plus 114 g/d of ground corn (CON; n = 20) or basal TMR plus 100 g/d of ground corn and 14 g/d of yeast culture (YC; n = 20; Culture Classic HD, Cellerate Yeast Solutions, Phibro Animal Health Corp.). Treatments were top-dressed over the TMR once a day. Cows were individually fed 1 × /d throughout the trial. Blood and rumen fluid samples were collected in a subset of cows (n = 10/treatment) at 0, 30, and 60 d of the treatment period. Rumen fluid sampled via esophageal tubing was analyzed for ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and ruminal bacteria populations via quantitative PCR amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA genes. Milk yield was not affected by treatment effects. Energy balance was lower in YC cows than CON, which was partially explain by the trend for lower dry matter intake as % body weight in YC cows than CON. Cows fed YC had greater overall ruminal pH and greater total VFA (mM) at 60 d of treatment period. There was a contrasting greater molar proportion of isovalerate and lower acetate proportion in YC-fed cows compared with CON cows. Although the ruminal abundance of specific fiber-digesting bacteria, including Eubacterium ruminantium and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, was increased in YC cows, others such as Fibrobacter succinogenes were decreased. The abundance of amylolytic bacteria such as Ruminobacter amylophilus and Succinimonas amylolytica were decreased in YC cows than CON. Our results indicate that the yeast culture supplementation seems to promote some specific fiber-digesting bacteria while decreasing amylolytic bacteria, which might have partially promoted more neutral rumen pH, greater total VFA, and isovalerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Halfen
- Department of Dairy and Food Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007; Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Pecuaria (NUPEEC), Departamento de Clínica Veterinaria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - N Carpinelli
- Department of Dairy and Food Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - F A B Del Pino
- Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Pecuaria (NUPEEC), Departamento de Clínica Veterinaria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J D Chapman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666
| | - E D Sharman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666
| | - J L Anderson
- Department of Dairy and Food Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - J S Osorio
- Department of Dairy and Food Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.
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A Grain-Based SARA Challenge Affects the Composition of Epimural and Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Communities throughout the Digestive Tract of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061658. [PMID: 34199660 PMCID: PMC8227306 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge on the composition of epimural and mucosa-associated bacterial communities throughout the digestive tract were determined in eight non-lactating Holstein cows. Treatments included feeding a control diet containing 19.6% dry matter (DM) starch and a SARA-challenge diet containing 33.3% DM starch for two days after a 4-day grain step-up. Subsequently, epithelial samples from the rumen and mucosa samples from the duodenum, proximal, middle and distal jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon were collected. Extracted DNA from these samples were analyzed using MiSeq Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Distinct clustering patterns for each diet existed for all sites. The SARA challenge decreased microbial diversity at all sites, with the exception of the middle jejunum. The SARA challenge also affected the relative abundances of several major phyla and genera at all sites but the magnitude of these effects differed among sites. In the rumen and colon, the largest effects were an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and a reduction of Bacteroidetes. In the small intestine, the largest effect was an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. The grain-based SARA challenge conducted in this study did not only affect the composition and cause dysbiosis of epimural microbiota in the rumen, it also affected the mucosa-associated microbiota in the intestines. To assess the extent of this dysbiosis, its effects on the functionality of these microbiota must be determined in future.
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Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim ET, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Diet Transition from High-Forage to High-Concentrate Alters Rumen Bacterial Community Composition, Epithelial Transcriptomes and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:838. [PMID: 33809588 PMCID: PMC8002347 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of changing diet on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and transcriptome profiles were determined in three rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows using a 3 × 4 cross-over design. Treatments include HF-1 (first high-forage diet), HC-1 (first high-concentrate diet), HC-2 (succeeding high-concentrate diet), and HF-2 (second high-forage diet as a recovery period). Animal diets contained Klein grass and concentrate at ratios of 8:2, 2:8, 2:8, and 8:2 (two weeks each), respectively. Ammonia-nitrogen and individual and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased significantly during HC-1 and HC-2. Rumen species richness significantly increased for HF-1 and HF-2. Bacteroidetes were dominant for all treatments, while phylum Firmicutes significantly increased during the HC period. Prevotella, Erysipelothrix, and Galbibacter significantly differed between HF and HC diet periods. Ruminococcus abundance was lower during HF feeding and tended to increase during successive HC feeding periods. Prevotellaruminicola was the predominant species for all diets. The RNA sequence analysis revealed the keratin gene as differentially expressed during the HF diet, while carbonic-anhydrase I and S100 calcium-binding protein were expressed in the HC diet. Most of these genes were highly expressed for HC-1 and HC-2. These results suggested that ruminal bacterial community composition, transcriptome profile, and rumen fermentation characteristics were altered by the diet transitions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
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Khalouei H, Seranatne V, Fehr K, Guo J, Yoon I, Khafipour E, Plaizier J. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products and subacute ruminal acidosis on feed intake, fermentation, and nutrient digestibilities in lactating dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on rumen and hindgut fermentation, feed intake, and total tract nutrient digestibilities were determined in 32 lactating Holstein cows between weeks 4 and 9 of lactation. Treatments included control, 14 g·d−1 Diamond V Original XPC™ (SCFPa; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA), 19 g·d−1 NutriTek® (SCFPb-1X; Diamond V), and 38 g·d−1 NutriTek® (SCFPb-2X; Diamond V). During weeks 5 and 8, SARA challenges were conducted by switching from a 18.6% to a 27.9% dry matter (DM) starch diet. This reduced the rumen and feces pH. The durations of the rumen pH below 5.6 during these challenges averaged 175.0, 233.8, 246.9, and 79.3 min·d−1 for the control, SCFPa, SCFPb-1X, and SCFPb-2X treatments, respectively. Hence, SARA was not induced under the SCFPb-2X treatment. The feces pH during the SARA challenges was lowest during SCFPb-2X, suggesting this treatment shifted fermentation from the rumen to the hindgut. The SARA challenges reduced the total tract digestibility of DM, neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd), and phosphorus, but tended to increase that of starch. The SCFPb-2X treatment increased the NDFd from 52.7% to 61.8% (P < 0.05). The SCFPb-2X treatment attenuated impacts of SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Khalouei
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - V. Seranatne
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - K. Fehr
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J. Guo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - I. Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA
| | - E. Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J.C. Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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The Duration of Increased Grain Feeding Affects the Microbiota throughout the Digestive Tract of Yearling Holstein Steers. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121854. [PMID: 33255574 PMCID: PMC7761415 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of the duration of moderate grain feeding on the taxonomic composition of gastrointestinal microbiota were determined in 15 Holstein yearling steers. Treatments included feeding a diet of 92% dry matter (DM) hay (D0), and feeding a 41.5% barley grain diet for 7 (D7) or 21 d (D21) before slaughter. At slaughter, digesta samples were collected from six regions, i.e., the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Extracted DNA from these samples was analyzed using MiSeq Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Three distinct PCoA clusters existed, i.e., the rumen, the jejunum/ileum, and the cecum/colon/rectum. Feeding the grain diet for 7 d reduced microbial diversity in all regions, except the ileum. Extending the duration of grain feeding from 7 to 21 d did not affect this diversity further. Across regions, treatment changed the relative abundances of 89 genera. Most of the changes between D0 and D7 and between D7 and D21 were opposite, demonstrating the resilience of gastrointestinal microbiota to a moderate increase in grain feeding. Results show that the duration of a moderate increase in grain feeding affects how gastrointestinal microbiota respond to this increase.
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