1
|
Smereczański NM, Brzóska MM. Current Levels of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium in Industrialized Countries as a Risk Factor for Kidney Damage in the General Population: A Comprehensive Review of Available Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098413. [PMID: 37176121 PMCID: PMC10179615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing number of reports indicating unfavorable outcomes for human health upon environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) have focused attention on the threat to the general population posed by this heavy metal. The kidney is a target organ during chronic Cd intoxication. The aim of this article was to critically review the available literature on the impact of the current levels of environmental exposure to this xenobiotic in industrialized countries on the kidney, and to evaluate the associated risk of organ damage, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on a comprehensive review of the available data, we recognized that the observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of Cd concentration in the blood and urine for clinically relevant kidney damage (glomerular dysfunction) are 0.18 μg/L and 0.27 μg/g creatinine, respectively, whereas the lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) are >0.18 μg/L and >0.27 μg/g creatinine, respectively, which are within the lower range of concentrations noted in inhabitants of industrialized countries. In conclusion, the current levels of environmental exposure to Cd may increase the risk of clinically relevant kidney damage, resulting in, or at least contributing to, the development of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazar M Smereczański
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata M Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nauwelaerts SJD, Van Goethem N, De Cremer K, Sierra NB, Vercauteren J, Stroobants C, Bernard A, Nawrot T, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Noninvasive integrative approach applied to children in the context of recent air pollution exposure demonstrates association between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and urinary CC16. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114441. [PMID: 36191620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the air pollutant particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased risks of respiratory diseases and enhancement of airway inflammation in children. In the context of large scale air pollution studies, it can be challenging to measure fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as indicator of lung inflammation. Urinary CC16 (U-CC16) is a potential biomarker of increased lung permeability and toxicity, increasing following short-term PM2.5 exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) CC16 G38A (rs3741240) affects CC16 levels and respiratory health. Our study aimed at assessing the use of U-CC16 (incl. CC16 G38A from saliva) as potential alternative for FeNO by investigating their mutual correlation in children exposed to PM. Samples from a small-scale study conducted in 42 children from urban (n = 19) and rural (n = 23) schools examined at two time points, were analysed. When considering recent (lag1) low level exposure to PM2.5 as air pollution measurement, we found that U-CC16 was positively associated with FeNO (β = 0.23; 95% CI [-0.01; 0.47]; p = 0.06) in an adjusted analysis using a linear mixed effects model. Further, we observed a positive association between PM2.5 and FeNO (β = 0.56; 95% CI [0.02; 1.09]; p = 0.04) and higher FeNO in urban school children as compared to rural school children (β = 0.72; 95% CI [0.12; 1.31]; p = 0.02). Although more investigations are needed, our results suggest that inflammatory responses evidenced by increased FeNO are accompanied by potential increased lung epithelium permeability and injury, evidenced by increased U-CC16. In future large scale studies, where FeNO measurement is less feasible, the integrated analysis of U-CC16 and CC16 G38A, using noninvasive samples, might be a suitable alternative to assess the impact of air pollution exposure on the respiratory health of children, which is critical for policy development at population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J D Nauwelaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Goethem
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christophe Stroobants
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nauwelaerts SJD, Van Goethem N, Ureña BT, De Cremer K, Bernard A, Saenen ND, Nawrot TS, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Urinary CC16, a potential indicator of lung integrity and inflammation, increases in children after short-term exposure to PM 2.5/PM 10 and is driven by the CC16 38GG genotype. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113272. [PMID: 35439460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particular matter (PM) exposure is a big hazard for public health, especially for children. Serum CC16 is a well-known biomarker of respiratory health. Urinary CC16 (U-CC16) can be a noninvasive alternative, albeit requiring adequate adjustment for renal handling. Moreover, the SNP CC16 G38A influences CC16 levels. This study aimed to monitor the effect of short-term PM exposure on CC16 levels, measured noninvasively in schoolchildren, using an integrative approach. We used a selection of urine and buccal DNA samples from 86 children stored in an existing biobank. Using a multiple reaction monitoring method, we measured U-CC16, as well as RBP4 (retinol binding protein 4) and β2M (beta-2-microglobulin), required for adjustment. Buccal DNA samples were used for CC16 G38A genotyping. Linear mixed-effects models were used to find relevant associations between U-CC16 and previously obtained data from recent daily PM ≤ 2.5 or 10 μm exposure (PM2.5, PM10) modeled at the child's residence. Our study showed that exposure to low PM at the child's residence (median levels 18.9 μg/m³ (PM2.5) and 23.6 μg/m³ (PM10)) one day before sampling had an effect on the covariates-adjusted U-CC16 levels. This effect was dependent on the CC16 G38A genotype, due to its strong interaction with the association between PM levels and covariates-adjusted U-CC16 (P = 0.024 (PM2.5); P = 0.061 (PM10)). Only children carrying the 38GG genotype showed an increase of covariates-adjusted U-CC16, measured 24h after exposure, with increasing PM2.5 and PM10 (β = 0.332; 95% CI: 0.110 to 0.554 and β = 0.372; 95% CI: 0.101 to 0.643, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using an integrative approach to investigate short-term PM exposure of children, using urine to detect early signs of pulmonary damage, and taking into account important determinants such as the genetic background and adequate adjustment of the measured biomarker in urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J D Nauwelaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Goethem
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Berta Tenas Ureña
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nauwelaerts SJD, De Cremer K, Bustos Sierra N, Gand M, Van Geel D, Delvoye M, Vandermassen E, Vercauteren J, Stroobants C, Bernard A, Saenen ND, Nawrot TS, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Assessment of the Feasibility of a Future Integrated Larger-Scale Epidemiological Study to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollution Episodes in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148531. [PMID: 35886381 PMCID: PMC9323067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure can lead to exacerbation of respiratory disorders in children. Using sensitive biomarkers helps to assess the impact of air pollution on children’s respiratory health and combining protein, genetic and epigenetic biomarkers gives insights on their interrelatedness. Most studies do not contain such an integrated approach and investigate these biomarkers individually in blood, although its collection in children is challenging. Our study aimed at assessing the feasibility of conducting future integrated larger-scale studies evaluating respiratory health risks of air pollution episodes in children, based on a qualitative analysis of the technical and logistic aspects of a small-scale field study involving 42 children. This included the preparation, collection and storage of non-invasive samples (urine, saliva), the measurement of general and respiratory health parameters and the measurement of specific biomarkers (genetic, protein, epigenetic) of respiratory health and air pollution exposure. Bottlenecks were identified and modifications were proposed to expand this integrated study to a higher number of children, time points and locations. This would allow for non-invasive assessment of the impact of air pollution exposure on the respiratory health of children in future larger-scale studies, which is critical for the development of policies or measures at the population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. D. Nauwelaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | | | - Mathieu Gand
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Dirk Van Geel
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Maud Delvoye
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Els Vandermassen
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Jordy Vercauteren
- Unit Air, Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium; (J.V.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Alfred Bernard
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Nelly D. Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (N.D.S.); (T.S.N.)
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (N.D.S.); (T.S.N.)
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.J.D.N.); (M.G.); (D.V.G.); (M.D.); (E.V.); (N.H.C.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vogel N, Murawski A, Schmied-Tobies MIH, Rucic E, Doyle U, Kämpfe A, Höra C, Hildebrand J, Schäfer M, Drexler H, Göen T, Kolossa-Gehring M. Lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium in urine and blood of children and adolescents in Germany - Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113822. [PMID: 34454255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metals reach humans through food and drinking water intake and inhalation of airborne particles and can have detrimental health effects in particular for children. The metals presented here (lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury) could lead to toxic effects such as neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, and have been classified as (possible) carcinogens. Using population representative data from the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V) from 3- to 17-year-old children on lead and cadmium in blood (n = 720) and on cadmium, chromium, and mercury in urine (n = 2250) we describe current internal exposure levels, and socio-demographic and substance-specific exposure determinants. Average internal exposure (geometric means) in blood was 9.47 μg/L for lead and below 0.06 μg/L (limit of quantification) for cadmium, and in urine 0.072 μg/L for cadmium, 0.067 μg/L for mercury, and 0.393 μg/L for chromium, respectively. Younger children have higher concentrations of lead and chromium compared to 14-17-year-old adolescents, and boys have slightly higher mercury concentrations than girls. With respect to substance specific determinants, higher lead concentrations emerged in participants with domestic fuel and in non-smoking children with smokers in the household, higher levels of cadmium were associated with smoking and vegetarian diet and higher levels of mercury with the consumption of seafood and amalgam teeth fillings. No specific exposure determinants emerged for chromium. The health based guidance value HBM-I was not exceeded for mercury and for cadmium in urine it was exceeded by 0.6% of the study population. None of the exceedances was related to substantial tobacco smoke exposure. Comparisons to previous GerES cycles (GerES II, 1990-1992; GerES IV, 2003-2006) indicate continuously lower levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vogel
- German Environment Agency (UBA); Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Aline Murawski
- German Environment Agency (UBA); Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Rucic
- German Environment Agency (UBA); Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Ulrike Doyle
- German Environment Agency (UBA); Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Alexander Kämpfe
- German Environment Agency (UBA); Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Christian Höra
- German Environment Agency (UBA); Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Jörg Hildebrand
- IPASUM - Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Henkestrasse 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Schäfer
- IPASUM - Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Henkestrasse 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- IPASUM - Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Henkestrasse 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- IPASUM - Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Henkestrasse 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Development of a multiplex mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of urinary proteins related to respiratory health. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10107. [PMID: 33980897 PMCID: PMC8115669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory health of children is a health priority. Club cell protein (CC16) is an interesting biomarker of lung diseases and adverse effects towards the airway epithelium integrity. Osteopontin (OPN) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) also play a role in respiratory health. The use of urine as biomarker source is useful in studies involving children but necessitates proper adjustment for physiological confounders influencing the urinary excretion, potentially characterized with beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) or myoglobin (MYO), as well as adjustment for possible renal dysfunction, characterized by human serum albumin (HSA). The simultaneous quantification of all these proteins in urine could facilitate children's health monitoring. A multiple reaction monitoring method (MRM) was developed and validated for the relative quantification of the seven mentioned urinary proteins. A total of nine proteotypic peptides were selected and used for the relative quantification of the seven proteins. The MRM method was completely validated for all proteins and partially for OPN. LOQ's ranged from 0.3 to 42.8 ng/ml, a good reproducibility and a good linearity were obtained across the analytical measurement range (r2 > 0.98). The method yielded varying correlations (r2 of 0.78, 0.71, 0.34 and 0.15 for CC16, β2M, RBP4 and HSA respectively) with available immunoassay data. It also allowed the identification and successful quantification of β2M and RBP4 as a protein candidate for adjustment of renal handling and dysfunction. All proteins were detected in the urine samples except for MYO and NF-κB. Our validated MRM-method is able to simultaneously quantify in urine biomarkers of airway epithelium integrity and biomarkers of variation in renal function and urinary dilution. This will allow to investigate further in future studies if urine can be used as a good surrogate source for biomarkers of airway epithelium integrity, and to understand the complex relationship between cause and effect in children's respiratory health monitoring.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chandravanshi L, Shiv K, Kumar S. Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2021; 36:e2021003-0. [PMID: 33730790 PMCID: PMC8207007 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several millions of people are exposed to cadmium worldwide due to natural and anthropogenic activities that led to their widespread distribution in the environment and have shown potential adverse effects on the kidneys, liver, heart and nervous system. Recently human and animal-based studies have been shown that In utero and early life exposure to cadmium can have serious health issues that are related to the risk of developmental disabilities and other outcomes in adulthood. Since, cadmium crosses the placental barrier and reaches easily to the fetus, even moderate or high-level exposure of this metal during pregnancy could be of serious health consequences which might be reflected either in the children’s early or later stages of life. Mortality from various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, kidney and neurological problems, correlation with In utero or early life exposure to cadmium has been found in epidemiological studies. Animal studies with strong evidence of various diseases mostly support for the human studies, as well as suggested a myriad mechanism by which cadmium can interfere with human health and development. More studies are needed to establish the mechanism of cadmium-induced toxicity with environmentally relevant doses in childhood and later life. In this review, we provide a comprehensive examination of the literature addressing potential long- term health issues with In utero and early life exposure to cadmium, as well as correlating with human and animal exposure studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Chandravanshi
- Department of Forensic Science, College and Traffic Management- Institute of Road and Traffic Education, Faridabad - Haryana - 121010, India
| | - Kunal Shiv
- Division of Forensic Science, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida - 201306, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Forensic Science laboratory, Modinagar, Ghaziabad - 201204, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leconte S, Rousselle C, Bodin L, Clinard F, Carne G. Refinement of health-based guidance values for cadmium in the French population based on modelling. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:43-51. [PMID: 33440227 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In France, part of the population is overexposed to cadmium by the diet. In our work, we first revised the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.36 μg Cd.kg bw.d.-1 proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), derived from effects on kidneys and based on the critical urinary Cd concentration of 1.0 μg Cd.g-1 creatinine for humans. After reviewing the epidemiological data on Cd toxicity published after 2011, bone effects were selected as the critical effects. Body burden data of 0.5 μg.g-1 creatinine was chosen for the critical threshold for human urinary cadmium concentrations. To be used for the derivation of the new oral toxicological reference value, we used a modified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK). The reverse calculation on the PBPK model gave a TDI of 0.35 μg Cd.kg bw-1.day-1. This TDI is compatible with a urinary Cd concentrations not exceeding 0.5 μg Cd.g-1 creatinine, in a 60 year-old adult, assuming that ingestion is the only source of exposure to Cd at 60 years. After implementing the PBPK model with French physiological data, Cd biological reference values as a function of age were modelled so as to remain below the revised health-based guidance values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Leconte
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Rousselle
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Bodin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - François Clinard
- Sante publique France - National Public Health Agency (ANSP) - Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regional Unit, France
| | - Géraldine Carne
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Q, Zhu B, Xue Q, Xie X, Zhou Y, Zhu K, Wan Z, Wu H, Zhang J, Song R. The associations of zinc and GRIN2B genetic polymorphisms with the risk of dyslexia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110207. [PMID: 32937172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc is an essential trace element and a number of studies have identified the importance of zinc in neurodevelopment in children. However, epidemiologic data on the associations of zinc and genetic susceptibility with the risk of dyslexia are limited. We aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in GRIN2B genes modify the association between zinc levels and dyslexia risk. METHODS A case-control study of 240 dyslexic children and 230 healthy controls was conducted in Wuhan, Hangzhou and Jining city in China from April 2017 to April 2018. Zinc concentrations in urine samples were measured with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Multiple imputation was used to impute missing values of covariates. We applied multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the effect in the study. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed the associations of urinary zinc with dyslexia risk were modified by rs1805502 (Pinteraction = 0.048) in gene GRIN2B. About 2-fold increase in creatinine-corrected zinc levels was significantly related to a reduced risk of dyslexia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29, 0.95 in rs1805502 mutation carriers]. CONCLUSIONS The associations between zinc levels and dyslexia risk were modified by polymorphism of rs1805502 in gene GRIN2B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zihao Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nauwelaerts SJD, Roosens NHC, De Cremer K, Bernard A, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Gender-dependent association between exhaled nitric oxide and the CC16 38AA genotype in young school children. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:497-505. [PMID: 32762031 PMCID: PMC7654394 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies that investigated the association between the CC16 A38G polymorphism and the risk of asthma yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study among schoolchildren was to assess the relationships of CC16 A38G polymorphism with aeroallergen sensitization and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), two outcomes predicting asthma later in life. Methods The study included 139 children (72 boys), median age of 7.7. Information on each child's health, lifestyle, and environment was collected through a questionnaire completed by their parents. CC16 genotypes were determined using urinary DNA. We measured FeNO, the CC16 protein in urine and nasal lavage fluid and aeroallergen‐specific immunoglobulin E in nasal mucosa fluid. Results Children with the homozygous mutant CC16 38AA genotype had higher odds of increased FeNO (>30 ppb) compared with their peers with the wild‐type genotype 38GG (OR, 9.85; 95% CI, 2.09‐46.4; P = .004). This association was female gender specific (P = .002) not being observed in boys (P = .40). It was also independent of allergic sensitization, which yet emerged as the strongest predictor of FeNO along with the use of bleach for house cleaning. Children with the CC16 38AA genotype had lower covariates‐adjusted urinary CC16 levels than those with 38GG (median, μg/L, 1.17 vs 2.08, P = .02). Conclusion Our study suggests that the CC16 38AA allele promotes airway inflammation as measured by FeNO through a gender‐dependent association. Deficient levels of CC16 in the deep lung, measured noninvasively in urine, as a possible proxy for serum CC16, might underlie this promoting effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J D Nauwelaerts
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malin Igra A, Vahter M, Raqib R, Kippler M. Early-Life Cadmium Exposure and Bone-Related Biomarkers: A Longitudinal Study in Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:37003. [PMID: 30848671 PMCID: PMC6768315 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cadmium exposure has been associated with osteotoxicity in adults, but little is known concerning its effects on early growth, which has been shown to be impaired by cadmium. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the impact of early-life cadmium exposure on bone-related biomarkers and anthropometry at 9 y of age. METHODS For 504 children in a mother-child cohort in Bangladesh, cadmium exposure was assessed by concentrations in urine (U-Cd, long-term exposure) and erythrocytes (Ery-Cd, ongoing exposure) at 9 and 4.5 y of age, and in their mothers during pregnancy. Biomarkers of bone remodeling [urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), urinary calcium, plasma parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, vitamin D3, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF binding protein 3, thyroid stimulating hormone] were measured at 9 y of age. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted linear models, a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean increase in osteocalcin of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.042, 5.9) and in urinary DPD of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 12, 32). In a combined exposure model, a doubling of maternal Ery-Cd was associated with a mean increase in urinary DPD of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 30). Stratifying the osteocalcin model by gender ([Formula: see text] 0.001), a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean decrease in osteocalcin of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) in boys and a mean increase of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 5.4, 13) in girls. The same pattern was seen with U-Cd at 4.5 y of age ([Formula: see text] 0.016). Children's U-Cd and Ery-Cd, concurrent and at 4.5 y of age, were inversely associated with vitamin D3. CONCLUSIONS Childhood cadmium exposure was associated with several bone-related biomarkers and some of the associations differed by gender. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3655.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladeshs
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maitre L, Robinson O, Martinez D, Toledano MB, Ibarluzea J, Marina LS, Sunyer J, Villanueva CM, Keun HC, Vrijheid M, Coen M. Urine Metabolic Signatures of Multiple Environmental Pollutants in Pregnant Women: An Exposome Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13469-13480. [PMID: 30285427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants, particularly during pregnancy, can have adverse consequences on child development but little is known about the effects of pollutant mixtures on endogenous metabolism in pregnant women. We aimed to identify urinary metabolic signatures associated with low level exposure to multiple environmental pollutants in pregnant women from the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) birth cohort (Spain, N = 750). 35 chemical exposures were quantified in first trimester blood samples (organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, PFAS), in cord blood (mercury), and twice in urine at 12 and 32 weeks of pregnancy (metals, phthalates, bisphenol A). 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolic profiles of urine were acquired in the same samples as pollutants. We explored associations between exposures and metabolism through an exposome-metabolome wide association scan and multivariate O2PLS modeling. Novel and reproducible associations were found across two periods of pregnancy for three nonpersistent pollutants and across two subcohorts for four of the persistent pollutants. We found novel metabolic signatures associated with arsenic exposure: TMAO and dimethylamine possibly related to gut microbial methylamine metabolism and homarine related to fish intake. Tobacco smoke exposure was related to coffee metabolism and PCBs with 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, usually released under ketoacidosis. These findings will have implications for further understanding of maternal-fetal health, and health across the life-course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Oliver Robinson
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , U.K
| | - David Martinez
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , U.K
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- School of Psychology , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , San Sebastian , Basque Country Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute , San Sebastian , Basque Country Spain
- Sub-Directorate for Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Department of Health , Government of the Basque Country , San Sebastian , Basque Country Spain
| | - Loreto Santa Marina
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute , San Sebastian , Basque Country Spain
- Sub-Directorate for Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Department of Health , Government of the Basque Country , San Sebastian , Basque Country Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cristina M Villanueva
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Hector C Keun
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College London , U.K
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Muireann Coen
- Integrative Systems Medicine & Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College London , U.K
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism , IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 1 Francis Crick Avenue , Cambridge CB2 0RE , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yabe J, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Yohannes YB, Bortey-Sam N, Kabalo AN, Ntapisha J, Mizukawa H, Umemura T, Ishizuka M. Lead and cadmium excretion in feces and urine of children from polluted townships near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:48-55. [PMID: 29554507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic metals that exist ubiquitously in the environment. Children in polluted areas are particularly vulnerable to metal exposure, where clinical signs and symptoms could be nonspecific. Absorbed metals are excreted primarily in urine and reflect exposure from all sources. We analyzed Pb and Cd concentrations in blood, feces and urine of children from polluted townships near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia, to determine concurrent childhood exposure to the metals. Moreover, the study determined the Pb and Cd relationships among urine, feces and blood as well as accessed the potential of urine and fecal analysis for biomonitoring of Pb and Cd exposure in children. Fecal Pb (up to 2252 mg/kg, dry weight) and urine Pb (up to 2914 μg/L) were extremely high. Concentrations of Cd in blood (Cd-B) of up to 7.7 μg/L, fecal (up to 4.49 mg/kg, dry weight) and urine (up to 18.1 μg/L) samples were elevated. metal levels were higher in younger children (0-3 years old) than older children (4-7). Positive correlations were recorded for Pb and Cd among blood, urine and fecal samples whereas negative correlations were recorded with age. These findings indicate children are exposed to both metals at their current home environment. Moreover, urine and feces could be useful for biomonitoring of metals due to their strong relationships with blood levels. There is need to conduct a clinical evaluation of the affected children to fully appreciate the health impact of these metal exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Yabe
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | | | - John Ntapisha
- Ministry of Health, District Health Office, P.O. Box 80735, Kabwe, Zambia
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Huo X, Xu L, Wei X, Wu W, Wu X, Xu X. Hearing loss in children with e-waste lead and cadmium exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:621-627. [PMID: 29272831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposure can cause neurotoxicity and has been recently linked to hearing loss in general population, but data are limited in early life exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) especially for children. We aimed to evaluate the association of their exposure with pediatric hearing ability. Blood Pb and urinary Cd were collected form 234 preschool children in 3-7years of age from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area and a reference area matched in Shantou of southern China. Pure-tone air conduction (PTA) was used to test child hearing thresholds at frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8kHz. A PTA≥25dB was defined as hearing loss. A higher median blood Pb level was found in the exposed group (4.94±0.20 vs 3.85±1.81μg/dL, p<0.001), while no significance was found for creatinine-adjusted Cd. Compared with the reference group, the exposed group had a higher prevalence of hearing loss (28.8% vs 13.6%, p<0.001). The PTA in the left, right and both ears, and hearing thresholds at average low and high frequency, and single frequency of 0.5, 1 and 2kHz were all increased in the exposed group. Positive correlations of child age and nail biting habit with Pb, and negative correlations of parent education level and child washing hands before dinner with Pb and Cd exposure were observed. Logistic regression analyses showed the adjusted OR of hearing loss for Pb exposure was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.029, 1.486). Our data suggest that early childhood exposure to Pb may be an important risk factor for hearing loss, and the developmental auditory system might be affected in e-waste polluted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Long Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- MED Hearing Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wengli Wu
- MED Hearing Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xianguang Wu
- MED Hearing Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| |
Collapse
|