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Jalali F, Fakhari F, Sepehr A, Zafari J, Sarajar BO, Sarihi P, Jafarzadeh E. Synergistic anticancer effects of doxorubicin and metformin combination therapy: A systematic review. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101946. [PMID: 38636389 PMCID: PMC11040171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Doxorubicin (DOX) a chemotherapy drug often leads to the development of resistance, in cancer cells after prolonged treatment. Recent studies have suggested that using metformin plus doxorubicin could result in synergic effects. This study focuses on exploring the co-treat treatment of doxorubicin and metformin for various cancers. METHOD Following the PRISMA guidelines we conducted a literature search using different databases such as Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar until July 2023. We selected search terms based on the objectives of this study. After screening a total of 30 articles were included. RESULTS The combination of doxorubicin and metformin demonstrated robust anticancer effects, surpassing the outcomes of monotherapy drug treatment. In vitro experiments consistently demonstrated inhibition of cancer cell growth and increased rates of cell death. Animal studies confirmed substantial reductions in tumor growth and improved survival rates, emphasizing the synergistic impact of the combined therapy. The research' discoveries collectively emphasize the capability of the co-treat doxorubicin-metformin as a compelling approach in cancer treatment, highlighting its potential to address medicate resistance and upgrade generally helpful results. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that the combined treatment regimen including doxorubicin and metformin has significant promise in fighting cancer. The observed synergistic effects suggest that this combination therapy could be valuable, in a setting. This study highlights the need for clinical research to validate and enhance the application of the doxorubicin metformin regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshtehsadat Jalali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fakhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrah Sepehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Omidi Sarajar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Sarihi
- Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dixon S, Tran A, Schrier MS, Dong J, Deth RC, Castejon A, Trivedi MS. Metformin-induced oxidative stress inhibits LNCaP prostate cancer cell survival. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:729. [PMID: 38862809 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical studies over the past several decades have indicated the potential value of metformin, a widely utilized treatment for Type 2 diabetes, in prostate cancer therapy. Notably, these studies demonstrated metformin's pleiotropic effects on several molecular and metabolic pathways, such as androgen signaling, cell cycle, and cellular bioenergetics. In this study we investigated the role of metformin in regulating intracellular redox status and cell survival in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The cytotoxic effects of metformin with or without the presence of SBI0206965 (AMPK inhibitor) on LNCaP cells were determined using MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. Seahorse XP extracellular analysis, Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrophotometry (LC/MS), and 2,7- and Dichlorofluoresin diacetate (DCFDA) assay were used to assess the effects of metformin on cellular bioenergetics, redox status, and redox-related metabolites. mRNA expression and protein concentration of redox-related enzymes were measured using Real Time-qPCR and ELISA assay, respectively. Independently of AMP-activated protein kinase, metformin exhibited a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of LNCaP cell survival, a response mitigated by glutathione or N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavengers) treatment. Notably, these findings were concomitant with a decline in ATP levels and the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. The results further indicated metformin's induction of reactive oxygen species, which significantly decreased glutathione levels and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, as well as the transsulfuration metabolite, cystathionine. Consistent with an induction of oxidative stress condition, metformin increased mRNA levels of the master redox transcription factor Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like), as well as transsulfuration enzymes cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionase and GSH synthesis enzymes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight multiple mechanisms by which metformin-induced formation of reactive oxygen species may contribute to its efficacy in prostate cancer treatment, including promotion of oxidative stress, Nrf2 activation, and modulation of redox-related pathways, leading to its anti-survival action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashana Dixon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
| | - Alice Tran
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 33328, USA
| | - Matthew S Schrier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Jianan Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Richard C Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Ana Castejon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Malav S Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
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Zhu L, Yang K, Ren Z, Yin D, Zhou Y. Metformin as anticancer agent and adjuvant in cancer combination therapy: Current progress and future prospect. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101945. [PMID: 38555742 PMCID: PMC10998183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, as the preferred antihyperglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes, has been found to have a significant effect in inhibiting tumor growth in recent years. However, metformin alone in cancer treatment has the disadvantages of high dose concentrations and few targeted cancer types. Increasing studies have confirmed that metformin can be used in combination with conventional anticancer therapy to obtain more promising clinical benefits, which is expected to be rapidly transformed and applied in clinic. Some combination therapy strategies including metformin combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been proven to have more significant antitumor effects and longer survival time than monotherapy. In this review, we summarize the synergistic antitumor effects and mechanisms of metformin in combination with other current conventional anticancer therapies. In addition, we update the research progress and the latest prospect of the metformin-combined application in the cancer treatment. This work could provide more evidence and future direction for the clinical application of metformin in antitumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Kaiqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Detao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
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Salminen A. The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:733-750. [PMID: 38600305 PMCID: PMC11106179 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Senescent cells are also commonly present in many age-related diseases and in the cancer microenvironment. The escape of abnormal cells from immune surveillance indicates that there is some defect in the function of cytotoxic immune cells, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies have revealed that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein is abundantly increased in senescent cells. An increase in the amount of PD-L1 protein protects senescent cells from clearance by the PD-1 checkpoint receptor in cytotoxic immune cells. In fact, the activation of the PD-1 receptor suppresses the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ T and NK cells, promoting a state of immunosenescence. The inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway acts in cooperation with immunosuppressive cells; for example, activation of PD-1 receptor can enhance the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages, whereas the cytokines secreted by immunosuppressive cells stimulate the expression of the immunosuppressive PD-L1 protein. Interestingly, many signaling pathways known to promote cellular senescence and the aging process are crucial stimulators of the expression of PD-L1 protein, e.g., epigenetic regulation, inflammatory mediators, mTOR-related signaling, cGAS-STING pathway, and AhR signaling. It seems that the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis has a crucial role in the accumulation of senescent cells and thus it promotes the aging process in tissues. Thus, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling might be a potential anti-aging senolytic therapy. KEY MESSAGES: Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and age-related diseases. Senescent cells are able to escape immune surveillance by cytotoxic immune cells. Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) markedly increases in senescent cells. Age-related signaling stimulates the expression of PD-L1 protein in senescent cells. Inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway suppresses clearance of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Bailey CJ. Metformin: Therapeutic profile in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 38784991 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) can claim its origins in the use of Galega officinalis as a plant treatment for symptoms ascribed to diabetes. Since the first clinical use of metformin as a glucose-lowering agent in 1957, this medicine has emerged as a first-line pharmacological option to support lifestyle interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It acts through multiple cellular pathways, principally in the gut, liver and muscle, to counter insulin resistance and lower blood glucose without weight gain or risk of overt hypoglycaemia. Other effects include improvements in lipid metabolism, decreased inflammation and lower long-term cardiovascular risk. Metformin is conveniently combined with other diabetes medications, can be prescribed in prediabetes to reduce the risk of progression to T2D, and is used in some regions to assist glycaemic control in pregnancy. Consistent with its diversity of actions, established safety profile and cost-effectiveness, metformin is being assessed for further possible clinical applications. The use of metformin requires adequate renal function for drug elimination, and may cause initial gastrointestinal side effects, which can be moderated by taking with meals or using an extended-release formulation. Thus, metformin serves as a valuable therapeutic resource for use throughout the natural history of T2D.
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Oh S, Mai XL, Kim J, de Guzman ACV, Lee JY, Park S. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (1 and 2) in cancer and other diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1066-1079. [PMID: 38689091 PMCID: PMC11148179 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (GPS) is composed of two different enzymes: cytosolic NAD+-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) and mitochondrial FAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2). These two enzymes work together to act as an NADH shuttle for mitochondrial bioenergetics and function as an important bridge between glucose and lipid metabolism. Since these genes were discovered in the 1960s, their abnormal expression has been described in various metabolic diseases and tumors. Nevertheless, it took a long time until scientists could investigate the causal relationship of these enzymes in those pathophysiological conditions. To date, numerous studies have explored the involvement and mechanisms of GPD1 and GPD2 in cancer and other diseases, encompassing reports of controversial and non-conventional mechanisms. In this review, we summarize and update current knowledge regarding the functions and effects of GPS to provide an overview of how the enzymes influence disease conditions. The potential and challenges of developing therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xuan Linh Mai
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Arvie Camille V de Guzman
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Marrone L, Romano S, Malasomma C, Di Giacomo V, Cerullo A, Abate R, Vecchione MA, Fratantonio D, Romano MF. Metabolic vulnerability of cancer stem cells and their niche. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1375993. [PMID: 38659591 PMCID: PMC11039812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1375993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the leading cause of the failure of anti-tumor treatments. These aggressive cancer cells are preserved and sustained by adjacent cells forming a specialized microenvironment, termed niche, among which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical players. The cycle of tricarboxylic acids, fatty acid oxidation path, and electron transport chain have been proven to play central roles in the development and maintenance of CSCs and TAMs. By improving their oxidative metabolism, cancer cells are able to extract more energy from nutrients, which allows them to survive in nutritionally defective environments. Because mitochondria are crucial bioenergetic hubs and sites of these metabolic pathways, major hopes are posed for drugs targeting mitochondria. A wide range of medications targeting mitochondria, electron transport chain complexes, or oxidative enzymes are currently investigated in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials against hard-to-treat tumors. This review article aims to highlight recent literature on the metabolic adaptations of CSCs and their supporting macrophages. A focus is provided on the resistance and dormancy behaviors that give CSCs a selection advantage and quiescence capacity in particularly hostile microenvironments and the role of TAMs in supporting these attitudes. The article also describes medicaments that have demonstrated a robust ability to disrupt core oxidative metabolism in preclinical cancer studies and are currently being tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marrone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Malasomma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Giacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosetta Abate
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University Giuseppe Degennaro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Galal MA, Al-Rimawi M, Hajeer A, Dahman H, Alouch S, Aljada A. Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4083. [PMID: 38612893 PMCID: PMC11012626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, as evidenced by the increasing incidence rates and high mortality rates, despite the advancements made in chemotherapy. The emergence of chemoresistance further complicates the effectiveness of treatment. However, there is growing interest in the potential of metformin, a commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as an adjuvant chemotherapy agent in cancer treatment. Although the precise mechanism of action of metformin in cancer therapy is not fully understood, it has been found to have pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of metabolic pathways, reduction in inflammation, and the regulation of cellular proliferation. This comprehensive review examines the anticancer properties of metformin, drawing insights from various studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as from clinical trials and observational research. This review discusses the mechanisms of action involving both insulin-dependent and independent pathways, shedding light on the potential of metformin as a therapeutic agent for different types of cancer. Despite promising findings, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as conflicting outcomes in clinical trials, considerations regarding dosing, and the development of resistance. These challenges highlight the importance of further research to fully harness the therapeutic potential of metformin in cancer treatment. The aims of this review are to provide a contemporary understanding of the role of metformin in cancer therapy and identify areas for future exploration in the pursuit of effective anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Rimawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Samhar Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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Rani N, Kaushik A, Kardam S, Kag S, Raj VS, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Reimagining old drugs with new tricks: Mechanisms, strategies and notable success stories in drug repurposing for neurological diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 205:23-70. [PMID: 38789181 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent evolution in drug repurposing has brought new anticipation, especially in the conflict against neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The traditional approach to developing novel drugs for these complex disorders is laborious, time-consuming, and often abortive. However, drug reprofiling which is the implementation of illuminating novel therapeutic applications of existing approved drugs, has shown potential as a promising strategy to accelerate the hunt for therapeutics. The advancement of computational approaches and artificial intelligence has expedited drug repurposing. These progressive technologies have enabled scientists to analyse extensive datasets and predict potential drug-disease interactions. By prospecting into the existing pharmacological knowledge, scientists can recognise potential therapeutic candidates for reprofiling, saving precious time and resources. Preclinical models have also played a pivotal role in this field, confirming the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs. Several studies have occurred in recent years, including the discovery of available drugs that demonstrate significant protective effects in NDDs, relieve debilitating symptoms, or slow down the progression of the disease. These findings highlight the potential of repurposed drugs to change the landscape of NDD treatment. Here, we present an overview of recent developments and major advances in drug repurposing intending to provide an in-depth analysis of traditional drug discovery and the strategies, approaches and technologies that have contributed to drug repositioning. In addition, this chapter attempts to highlight successful case studies of drug repositioning in various therapeutic areas related to NDDs and explore the clinical trials, challenges and limitations faced by researchers in the field. Finally, the importance of drug repositioning in drug discovery and development and its potential to address discontented medical needs is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Kaushik
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Shefali Kardam
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Kag
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - V Samuel Raj
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
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Yau STY, Leung E, Wong MCS, Hung CT, Chong KC, Lee A, Yeoh EK. Metabolic dysfunction-associated profiles and subsequent site-specific risk of obesity-related cancers among Chinese patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082414. [PMID: 38569684 PMCID: PMC11146369 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare metabolic dysfunction-associated profiles between patients with diabetes who developed different obesity-related site-specific cancers and those who remained free of cancer during follow-up. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Public general outpatient clinics in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS Patients with diabetes without a history of malignancy (n=391 921). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes of interest were diagnosis of site-specific cancers (colon and rectum, liver, pancreas, bladder, kidney and stomach) during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to assess the associations between metabolic dysfunction and other clinical factors with each site-specific cancer. RESULTS Each 0.1 increase in waist-to-hip ratio was associated with an 11%-35% elevated risk of colorectal, bladder and liver cancers. Each 1% increase in glycated haemoglobin was linked to a 4%-9% higher risk of liver and pancreatic cancers. While low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were inversely associated with the risk of liver and pancreatic cancers, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with pancreatic, gastric and kidney cancers, but positively associated with liver cancer. Furthermore, liver cirrhosis was linked to a 56% increased risk of pancreatic cancer. No significant association between hypertension and cancer risk was found. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic dysfunction-associated profiles contribute to different obesity-related cancer outcomes differentially among patients with diabetes. This study may provide evidence to help identify cancer prevention targets during routine diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tsz Yui Yau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eman Leung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Chi Sang Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Tim Hung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert Lee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hidayatullah F, Andhika DP, Prasetyawan W, Rahman ZA, Pratama PKD, Hakim L. Effects of metformin and silodosin as supplementary treatments to abiraterone on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) level in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cells: An in vitro study. NARRA J 2024; 4:e680. [PMID: 38798828 PMCID: PMC11125411 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The antiproliferative properties of metformin and silodosin have been observed in prostate cancer. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the molecular pathways related to these drugs may impact the levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in prostate cancer cells. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of metformin and silodosin on the levels of hTERT in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cells. The present study employed an experimental design with a post-test-only control group. This study utilized the PC3 cell line as a model for mCRPC. A viability experiment was conducted using the CCK-8 method to determine the inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of metformin, silodosin, and abiraterone acetate (AA) after a 72-hour incubation period of PC3 cells. In order to investigate the levels of hTERT, PC3 cells were divided into two control groups: a negative control and a standard therapy with AA. Additionally, three experimental combination groups were added: metformin with AA; silodosin with AA; and metformin, silodosin and AA. The level of hTERT was measured using sandwich ELISA technique. The difference in hTERT levels was assessed using ANOVA followed by a post hoc test. The IC50 values for metformin, silodosin, and AA were 17.7 mM, 44.162 mM, and 66.9 μM, respectively. Our data indicated that the combination of metformin with AA and the combination of metformin, silodosin and AA decreased the hTERT levels when compared to control, AA, and silodosin with AA. The administration of metformin resulted in a reduction of hTERT levels in the PC3 cell line, but the impact of silodosin on hTERT levels was not statistically significant compared to AA group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan Hidayatullah
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dimas P. Andhika
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Zakaria A. Rahman
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Putu KD. Pratama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Hakim
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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12
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Goglia U, Hasballa I, Teti C, Boschetti M, Ferone D, Albertelli M. Ianus Bifrons: The Two Faces of Metformin. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1287. [PMID: 38610965 PMCID: PMC11011026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ancient Roman god Ianus was a mysterious divinity with two opposite faces, one looking at the past and the other looking to the future. Likewise, metformin is an "old" drug, with one side looking at the metabolic role and the other looking at the anti-proliferative mechanism; therefore, it represents a typical and ideal bridge between diabetes and cancer. Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanidine hydrochloride) is a drug that has long been in use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but recently evidence is growing about its potential use in other metabolic conditions and in proliferative-associated diseases. The aim of this paper is to retrace, from a historical perspective, the knowledge of this molecule, shedding light on the subcellular mechanisms of action involved in metabolism as well as cellular and tissue growth. The intra-tumoral pharmacodynamic effects of metformin and its possible role in the management of different neoplasms are evaluated and debated. The etymology of the name Ianus is probably from the Latin term ianua, which means door. How many new doors will this old drug be able to open?
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Goglia
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Local Health Authority CN1, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Iderina Hasballa
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Teti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Local Health Autorithy Imperia 1, 18100 Imperia, Italy;
| | - Mara Boschetti
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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13
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Yuan Q, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Hussain Z, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Qiao Y, Guo Y, Lu J, Dong Z, Dong Z, Wang J, Liu K. Domperidone inhibits cell proliferation via targeting MEK and CDK4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38528618 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of digestive system tumor related death in the world. Unfortunately, effective chemopreventive agent is lack for patients with ESCC in clinical practice, which leads to the extremely high mortality rate. METHODS A library of prescribed drugs was screened for finding critical anti-tumor properties in ESCC cells. The phosphoproteomics, kinase array, pulldown assay and drug affinity responsive target stabilization assay (DARTS) were applied to explore mechanisms and searched for synergistic targets. Established models of PDX in mice were used to determine the therapeutic effect of domperidone. RESULTS After screening a library of prescribed drugs, we discovered that domperidone has anti-tumor properties. Domperidone, acting as a gastroprokinetic agent, has been widely used in clinic for gastrointestinal motility disorders. Despite limited research, there are indications that domperidone may have anti-tumor properties. In this study, we determined that domperidone significantly inhibited ESCC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We employed phosphoproteomics to reveal p-ERK, and p-SMAD3 down-regulation upon domperidone treatment. Then, the results of kinase assay and pulldown assay further validated that domperidone directly combined with MEK1/2 and CDK4, leading to the inhibition of their kinase activity. Furthermore, our results revealed that MEK/ERK and CDK4/SMAD3 signal pathway were major pathways in domperidone against ESCC. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that domperidone serves as an effective "multi-target" inhibitor of MEK1/2 and CDK4, offering potential benefits for the chemoprevention of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yuan
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yunshu Shi
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yaqian Shi
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zubair Hussain
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ziming Dong
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Junyong Wang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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14
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Ghandour F, Kassem S, Simanovich E, Rahat MA. Glucose Promotes EMMPRIN/CD147 and the Secretion of Pro-Angiogenic Factors in a Co-Culture System of Endothelial Cells and Monocytes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:706. [PMID: 38672062 PMCID: PMC11047830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients increase morbidity and mortality. In T2DM, angiogenesis is impaired and can be enhanced or reduced in different tissues ("angiogenic paradox"). The present study aimed to delineate differences between macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells that might explain this paradox. In a monoculture system of human macrovascular (EaHy926) or microvascular (HMEC-1) endothelial cell lines and a monocytic cell line (U937), high glucose concentrations (25 mmole/L) increased the secretion of the pro-angiogenic factors CD147/EMMPRIN, VEGF, and MMP-9 from both endothelial cells, but not from monocytes. Co-cultures of EaHy926/HMEC-1 with U937 enhanced EMMPRIN and MMP-9 secretion, even in low glucose concentrations (5.5 mmole/L), while in high glucose HMEC-1 co-cultures enhanced all three factors. EMMPRIN mediated these effects, as the addition of anti-EMMPRIN antibody decreased VEGF and MMP-9 secretion, and inhibited the angiogenic potential assessed through the wound assay. Thus, the minor differences between the macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells cannot explain the angiogenic paradox. Metformin, a widely used drug for the treatment of T2DM, inhibited EMMPRIN, VEGF, and MMP-9 secretion in high glucose concentration, and the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin enhanced it. Thus, AMPK regulates EMMPRIN, a key factor in diabetic angiogenesis, suggesting that targeting EMMPRIN may help in the treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransis Ghandour
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Sameer Kassem
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Elina Simanovich
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Michal A. Rahat
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
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15
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Tzaridis T, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Just a spoonful of metformin helps the medicine go down. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e179144. [PMID: 38488006 PMCID: PMC10940077 DOI: 10.1172/jci179144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a devastating brain tumor with a need for novel therapies. So far, monotherapies have failed to prolong survival for these patients, and combinatorial strategies have often shown severe, dose-limiting toxicities. In this issue of the JCI, Duchatel, Jackson, and colleagues address this challenge by introducing a drug combination that mitigates side effects and overcomes resistance. After identifying the PI3K/mTOR pathway as a therapeutic vulnerability, they treated DIPG-bearing mice with paxalisib and saw responses but also observed hyperglycemia as a severe side effect. Combining paxalisib with metformin mitigated this toxicity, but also upregulated protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. To tackle this mechanism of resistance, the authors added the PKC inhibitor enzastaurin to their drug combination and showed that this triple therapy led to improved survival. This approach paves the way for improved outcomes for patients with DIPG and other brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilos Tzaridis
- Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham, Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
- Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham, Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Cetin E, Boyacioglu O, Orenay-Boyacioglu S. An effective treatment approach of liposomally encapsulated metformin in colon cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:82. [PMID: 38416317 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is a drug that is widely used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes and its anticarcinogenic effect has been detected in many studies since the 2000s. Metformin has a short half-life and poor biocompatibility, which limits the activity of the drug. As a solution to this situation, our study aimed to increase the anticarcinogenic effects and reduce the side effects of metformin in colon cancer by liposomal encapsulation. For this purpose, in our study, liposome production was carried out using the thin film hydration method. The amount of metformin loaded in liposomes was determined by a standard absorbance curve at 237 nm. Size distributions and membrane zeta potentials of the liposomes were evaluated with Malvern Zetasizer ZS90. Transmission electron microscopy was performed by staining the liposomes negatively with uranyl acetate. Cultured HT-29 cells were treated with liposomal metformin or free metformin at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mM for 24 and 48 h. At the end of the treatment period, cell viability was evaluated by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability test. The anticarcinogenic effects of liposomal and free metformin on HT-29 cells were compared. As a result, liposome encapsulated metformin treatment for 24 h was more effective on HT-29 cells at 20- and 40-mM concentrations causing significantly greater decrease in the IC-50 dose compared to the free metformin. The result suggests that liposomal encapsulated metformin may offer a promising approach to increase the efficacy of the drug in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Olcay Boyacioglu
- Faculty of Engineering, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Seda Orenay-Boyacioglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
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17
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Villa-Fernández E, García AV, Fernández-Fernández A, García-Villarino M, Ares-Blanco J, Pujante P, González-Vidal T, Fraga MF, Torre EM, Delgado E, Lambert C. Metformin and Glucose Concentration as Limiting Factors in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Viability and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2637. [PMID: 38473884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a well-established drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanism of action has not been well described and many aspects of how it truly acts are still unknown. Moreover, regarding in vitro experiments, the glycaemic status when metformin is used is generally not considered, which, added to the suprapharmacological drug concentrations that are commonly employed in research, has resulted in gaps of its mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to determine how glucose and metformin concentrations influence cell culture. Considering that diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes, a retinal pigment epithelial cell line was selected, and cell viability and proliferation rates were measured at different glucose and metformin concentrations. As expected, glucose concentration by itself positively influenced cell proliferation rates. When the metformin was considered, results were conditioned, as well, by metformin concentration. This conditioning resulted in cell death when high concentrations of metformin were used under physiological concentrations of glucose, while this did not happen when clinically relevant concentrations of metformin were used independently of glucose status. Our study shows the importance of in vitro cell growth conditions when drug effects such as metformin's are being analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Villa-Fernández
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria García
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Miguel García-Villarino
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jessica Ares-Blanco
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pedro Pujante
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Tomás González-Vidal
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez Torre
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elias Delgado
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lambert
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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18
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Fert A, Richard J, Marchand LR, Planas D, Routy JP, Chomont N, Finzi A, Ancuta P. Metformin Enhances Antibody-Mediated Recognition of HIV-Infected CD4 + T-Cells by Decreasing Viral Release. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.15.580166. [PMID: 38464135 PMCID: PMC10925111 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.15.580166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) positively regulates multiple steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. We previously reported that a 12-weeks supplementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with metformin, an indirect mTOR inhibitor used in type-2 diabetes treatment, reduced mTOR activation and HIV transcription in colon-infiltrating CD4+ T-cells, together with systemic inflammation in nondiabetic people with HIV-1 (PWH). Herein, we investigated the antiviral mechanisms of metformin. In a viral outgrowth assay performed with CD4+ T-cells from ART-treated PWH, and upon infection in vitro with replication-competent and VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1, metformin decreased virion release, but increased the frequency of productively infected CD4lowHIV-p24+ T-cells. These observations coincided with increased BST2/Tetherin (HIV release inhibitor) and Bcl-2 (pro-survival factor) expression, and improved recognition of productively infected T-cells by HIV-1 Envelope antibodies. Thus, metformin exerts pleiotropic effects on post-transcription/translation steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle and may be used to accelerate viral reservoir decay in ART-treated PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Fert
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Laurence Raymond Marchand
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Delphine Planas
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Lead Contact
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19
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Vélez-Bonet E, Gumpper-Fedus K, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Exploring the Role of Hyperinsulinemia in Obesity-Associated Tumor Development. Cancer Res 2024; 84:351-352. [PMID: 38095504 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Although there has been a long-standing connection between hyperinsulinemia and cancer development, there is a lack of understanding of the role of the insulin receptor on cells that can become cancerous. In a recent issue of Cell Metabolism, Zhang and colleagues, using a diet-induced obesity mouse model, identified a direct function of insulin receptors on pancreatic acinar cells expressing a KRASG12D mutation in promoting obesity-associated pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, insulin receptor signaling from hyperinsulinemia promoted the secretion of digestive enzymes that contributed to acinar to ductal metaplasia. These findings highlight an important connection between obesity, diabetes, and pancreatic tumor development and suggest potential strategies for obesity-associated cancer prevention targeting the insulin receptor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Vélez-Bonet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Program of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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20
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Tu SM, Chen JZ, Singh SR, Maraboyina S, Gokden N, Hsu PC, Langford T. Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cellular Metabolism and Anti-Cancer Metabolomics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:624. [PMID: 38339375 PMCID: PMC10854810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Otto Warburg may be right about the role of glycolysis versus OXPHOS in cancer metabolism, it remains unclear whether an altered metabolism is causative or correlative and is the main driver or a mere passenger in the pathogenesis of cancer. Currently, most of our successful treatments are designed to eliminate non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) such as differentiated cancer cells. When the treatments also happen to control CSCs or the stem-ness niche, it is often unintended, unexpected, or undetected for lack of a pertinent theory about the origin of cancer that clarifies whether cancer is a metabolic, genetic, or stem cell disease. Perhaps cellular context matters. After all, metabolic activity may be different in different cell types and their respective microenvironments-whether it is in a normal progenitor stem cell vs. progeny differentiated cell and whether it is in a malignant CSC vs. non-CSC. In this perspective, we re-examine different types of cellular metabolism, e.g., glycolytic vs. mitochondrial, of glucose, glutamine, arginine, and fatty acids in CSCs and non-CSCs. We revisit the Warburg effect, an obesity epidemic, the aspartame story, and a ketogenic diet. We propose that a pertinent scientific theory about the origin of cancer and of cancer metabolism influences the direction of cancer research as well as the design of drug versus therapy development in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Jim Z. Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sunny R. Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sanjay Maraboyina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Timothy Langford
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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21
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Teng M, Li Z, Gu Y, Fan Y, Wang D, Liu M, Li Y, Wei G, Huang Y. Real-time monitoring of glucose metabolism and effects of metformin on HepG2 cells using 13C in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149383. [PMID: 38150918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is currently a strong candidate antitumor agent for multiple cancers, and has the potential to inhibit cancer cell viability, growth, and proliferation. Metabolic reprogramming is a critical feature of cancer cells. However, the effects of metformin which targets glucose metabolism on HepG2 cancer cells remain unclear. In this study, to explore the effects of metformin on glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells, we conducted real-time metabolomic monitoring of live HepG2 cells treated with metformin using 13C in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Metabolic tracing with U-13C6-glucose revealed that metformin significantly increased the production of 13C-G3P and 13C-glycerol, which were reported to attenuate liver cancer development, but decreased the production of potential oncogenesis-supportive metabolites, including 13C-lactate, 13C-alanine, 13C-glycine, and 13C-glutamate. Moreover, the expression levels of enzymes associated with the measured metabolites were carried out. The results showed that the levels of ALT1, MCT4, GPD2 and MPC1 were greatly reduced, which were consistent with the changes of measured metabolites in 13C in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Overall, our approach directly provides fundamental insights into the effects of metformin on glucose metabolism in live HepG2 cells, and highlights the potential mechanism of metformin, including the increase in production of G3P and glycerol derived from glucose, as well as the inhibition of glucose incorporation into lactate, alanine, glutamate, and glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhou Teng
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Yanmei Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yitao Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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22
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Sui Q, Hu Z, Liang J, Lu T, Bian Y, Jin X, Li M, Huang Y, Yang H, Wang Q, Lin Z, Chen Z, Zhan C. Targeting TAM-secreted S100A9 effectively enhances the tumor-suppressive effect of metformin in treating lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 581:216497. [PMID: 38008395 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Metformin's effect on tumor treatment was complex, because it significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation in vitro, but made no difference in prognosis in several clinical cohorts. Our transcriptome sequencing results revealed that tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration significantly increased in active lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with long-term metformin use. We further identified that the tumor suppressive effect of metformin was more significant in mice after the depletion of macrophages, suggesting that TAMs might play an important role in metformin's effects in LUAD. Combining 10X Genomics single-cell sequencing of tumor samples, transcriptome sequencing of metformin-treated TAMs, and the ChIP-Seq data of the Encode database, we identified and validated that metformin significantly increased the expression and secretion of S100A9 of TAMs through AMPK-CEBP/β pathway. For the downstream, S100A9 binds to RAGE receptors on the surface of LUAD cells, and then activates the NF-κB pathway to promote EMT and progression of LUAD, counteracting the inhibitory effect of metformin on LUAD cells. In cell-derived xenograft models (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) models, our results showed that neutralizing antibodies targeting TAM-secreted S100A9 effectively enhanced the tumor suppressive effect of metformin in treating LUAD. Our results will enable us to better comprehend the complex role of metformin in LUAD, and advance its clinical application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihai Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huiqiang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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23
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ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Bannuru RR, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Cusi K, Ekhlaspour L, Fleming TK, Hilliard ME, Johnson EL, Khunti K, Lingvay I, Matfin G, McCoy RG, Napoli N, Perry ML, Pilla SJ, Polsky S, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Segal AR, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Younossi ZM, Gabbay RA. 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:S52-S76. [PMID: 38078591 PMCID: PMC10725809 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-s004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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24
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Zhao C, Zheng L, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Yue C, Gu F, Niu G, Chen Y. Low-dose metformin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via the AMPK/JNK/IL-8 pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241249445. [PMID: 38679570 PMCID: PMC11057349 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241249445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug, has been suggested to possess antitumour activity in several types of cancers. Additionally, interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been reported to be involved in the development and metastasis of many cancers. However, the effect of metformin on IL-8 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether metformin could inhibit IL-8 expression to exert an inhibitory effect on HCC progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The IL-8 levels were measured in the plasma of 159 HCC patients (86 men, 73 women; average age 56 years) and in the culture supernatant of HCC cells (Hep3B and HuH7) using flow cytometry. In addition, the protein expression levels of IL-8 were also validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The prognostic value of IL-8 was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The association between IL-8 expression and immune checkpoints was estimated using the TIMER and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. What's more, bioinformatics analysis, western blotting, and transwell assays were conducted to illustrate the molecular mechanism of metformin (≤1 mM) on IL-8 in HCC. RESULTS IL-8 expression was found to be increased in the plasma of HCC patients, which is consistent with the expression of IL-8 in HCC cells and tissues. High expression of IL-8 was significantly related to poor prognosis. In addition, IL-8 was positively correlated with immune checkpoints in HCC. Notably, we found that low-dose metformin could inhibit the secretion of IL-8 by HCC cells and the migration of HCC cells. Mechanistically, low-dose metformin significantly suppresses HCC metastasis mainly through the AMPK/JNK/IL-8/MMP9 pathway. CONCLUSION The results indicate that low-dose metformin can inhibit HCC metastasis by suppressing IL-8 expression. Targeting the AMPK/JNK/IL-8 axis may be a promising treatment strategy for patients with HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guoping Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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25
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De Sousa-Coelho AL, Fraqueza G, Aureliano M. Repurposing Therapeutic Drugs Complexed to Vanadium in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:12. [PMID: 38275998 PMCID: PMC10819319 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Repurposing drugs by uncovering new indications for approved drugs accelerates the process of establishing new treatments and reduces the high costs of drug discovery and development. Metal complexes with clinically approved drugs allow further opportunities in cancer therapy-many vanadium compounds have previously shown antitumor effects, which makes vanadium a suitable metal to complex with therapeutic drugs, potentially improving their efficacy in cancer treatment. In this review, covering the last 25 years of research in the field, we identified non-oncology-approved drugs suitable as ligands to obtain different vanadium complexes. Metformin-decavanadate, vanadium-bisphosphonates, vanadyl(IV) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cetirizine and imidazole-based oxidovanadium(IV) complexes, each has a parent drug known to have different medicinal properties and therapeutic indications, and all showed potential as novel anticancer treatments. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of action for these vanadium compounds against cancer are still not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gil Fraqueza
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia (ISE), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Aureliano
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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26
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Bishayee K, Lee SH, Park YS. The Illustration of Altered Glucose Dependency in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13928. [PMID: 37762231 PMCID: PMC10530558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A chemotherapeutic approach is crucial in malignancy management, which is often challenging due to the development of chemoresistance. Over time, chemo-resistant cancer cells rapidly repopulate and metastasize, increasing the recurrence rate in cancer patients. Targeting these destined cancer cells is more troublesome for clinicians, as they share biology and molecular cross-talks with normal cells. However, the recent insights into the metabolic profiles of chemo-resistant cancer cells surprisingly illustrated the activation of distinct pathways compared with chemo-sensitive or primary cancer cells. These distinct metabolic dynamics are vital and contribute to the shift from chemo-sensitivity to chemo-resistance in cancer. This review will discuss the important metabolic alterations in cancer cells that lead to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Bishayee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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27
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Sakai N, Kamimura K, Terai S. Repurposable Drugs for Immunotherapy and Strategies to Find Candidate Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2190. [PMID: 37765160 PMCID: PMC10536625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional drug discovery involves significant steps, time, and expenses; therefore, novel methods for drug discovery remain unmet, particularly for patients with intractable diseases. For this purpose, the drug repurposing method has been recently used to search for new therapeutic agents. Repurposed drugs are mostly previously approved drugs, which were carefully tested for their efficacy for other diseases and had their safety for the human body confirmed following careful pre-clinical trials, clinical trials, and post-marketing surveillance. Therefore, using these approved drugs for other diseases that cannot be treated using conventional therapeutic methods could save time and economic costs for testing their clinical applicability. In this review, we have summarized the methods for identifying repurposable drugs focusing on immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (N.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (N.S.); (S.T.)
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757, Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (N.S.); (S.T.)
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