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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Zakeri Z, Heiderzadeh M, Kocaarslan A, Metin E, Hosseini Karimi SN, Saghati S, Vural A, Akyoldaş G, Baysal K, Yağcı Y, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Taşoğlu S, Rahbarghazi R, Sokullu E. Exosomes encapsulated in hydrogels for effective central nervous system drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2561-2578. [PMID: 38602364 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of pharmacologically active molecules, metabolites, and growth factors to the brain parenchyma has become one of the major challenges following the onset of neurodegeneration and pathological conditions. The therapeutic effect of active biomolecules is significantly impaired after systemic administration in the central nervous system (CNS) because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches capable of overcoming these limitations is under discussion. Exosomes (Exo) are nano-sized vesicles of endosomal origin that have a high distribution rate in biofluids. Recent advances have introduced Exo as naturally suitable bio-shuttles for the delivery of neurotrophic factors to the brain parenchyma. In recent years, many researchers have attempted to regulate the delivery of Exo to target sites while reducing their removal from circulation. The encapsulation of Exo in natural and synthetic hydrogels offers a valuable strategy to address the limitations of Exo, maintaining their integrity and controlling their release at a desired site. Herein, we highlight the current and novel approaches related to the application of hydrogels for the encapsulation of Exo in the field of CNS tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Zakeri
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
| | - Morteza Heiderzadeh
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
| | - Azra Kocaarslan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Metin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
| | | | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atay Vural
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, KoÒ« University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Göktuğ Akyoldaş
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yağcı
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, KoÒ« University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Savaş Taşoğlu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
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Soelter TM, Howton TC, Clark AD, Oza VH, Lasseigne BN. Altered Glia-Neuron Communication in Alzheimer's Disease Affects WNT, p53, and NFkB Signaling Determined by snRNA-seq. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.29.569304. [PMID: 38076822 PMCID: PMC10705421 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by amyloid-β plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Although neuronal loss is a primary hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, it is known that non-neuronal cell populations are ultimately responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health through neuron-glia and glial cell crosstalk. Many signaling pathways have been proposed to be dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease, including WNT, TGFβ, p53, mTOR, NFkB, and Pi3k/Akt signaling. Here, we predict altered cell-cell communication between glia and neurons. Methods Using public snRNA-sequencing data generated from postmortem human prefrontal cortex, we predicted altered cell-cell communication between glia (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) and neurons (excitatory and inhibitory). We confirmed interactions in a second and third independent orthogonal dataset. We determined cell-type-specificity using Jaccard Similarity Index and investigated the downstream effects of altered interactions in inhibitory neurons through gene expression and transcription factor activity analyses of signaling mediators. Finally, we determined changes in pathway activity in inhibitory neurons. Results Cell-cell communication between glia and neurons is altered in Alzheimer's disease in a cell-type-specific manner. As expected, ligands are more cell-type-specific than receptors and targets. We identified ligand-receptor pairs in three independent datasets and found involvement of the Alzheimer's disease risk genes APP and APOE across datasets. Most of the signaling mediators of these interactions were not differentially expressed, however, the mediators that are also transcription factors had differential activity between AD and control. Namely, MYC and TP53 , which are associated with WNT and p53 signaling, respectively, had decreased TF activity in Alzheimer's disease, along with decreased WNT and p53 pathway activity in inhibitory neurons. Additionally, inhibitory neurons had both increased NFkB signaling pathway activity and increased TF activity of NFIL3 , an NFkB signaling-associated transcription factor. Conclusions Cell-cell communication between glia and neurons in Alzheimer's disease is altered in a cell-type-specific manner involving Alzheimer's disease risk genes. Signaling mediators had altered transcription factor activity suggesting altered glia-neuron interactions may dysregulate signaling pathways including WNT, p53, and NFkB in inhibitory neurons.
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Dong ZL, Jiao X, Wang ZG, Yuan K, Yang YQ, Wang Y, Li YT, Wang TC, Kan TY, Wang J, Tao HR. D-mannose alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration through glutamine metabolism. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 38711073 PMCID: PMC11071241 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a multifaceted condition characterized by heterogeneity, wherein the balance between catabolism and anabolism in the extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells plays a central role. Presently, the available treatments primarily focus on relieving symptoms associated with IVDD without offering an effective cure targeting its underlying pathophysiological processes. D-mannose (referred to as mannose) has demonstrated anti-catabolic properties in various diseases. Nevertheless, its therapeutic potential in IVDD has yet to be explored. METHODS The study began with optimizing the mannose concentration for restoring NP cells. Transcriptomic analyses were employed to identify the mediators influenced by mannose, with the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) gene showing the most significant differences. Subsequently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to demonstrate that Txnip is the key gene through which mannose exerts its effects. Techniques such as colocalization analysis, molecular docking, and overexpression assays further confirmed the direct regulatory relationship between mannose and TXNIP. To elucidate the mechanism of action of mannose, metabolomics techniques were employed to pinpoint glutamine as a core metabolite affected by mannose. Next, various methods, including integrated omics data and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, were used to validate the one-way pathway through which TXNIP regulates glutamine. Finally, the therapeutic effect of mannose on IVDD was validated, elucidating the mechanistic role of TXNIP in glutamine metabolism in both intradiscal and orally treated rats. RESULTS In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was discovered that mannose has potent efficacy in alleviating IVDD by inhibiting catabolism. From a mechanistic standpoint, it was shown that mannose exerts its anti-catabolic effects by directly targeting the transcription factor max-like protein X-interacting protein (MondoA), resulting in the upregulation of TXNIP. This upregulation, in turn, inhibits glutamine metabolism, ultimately accomplishing its anti-catabolic effects by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. More importantly, in vivo experiments have further demonstrated that compared with intradiscal injections, oral administration of mannose at safe concentrations can achieve effective therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, through integrated multiomics analysis, including both in vivo and in vitro experiments, this study demonstrated that mannose primarily exerts its anti-catabolic effects on IVDD through the TXNIP-glutamine axis. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the potential of the use of mannose in clinical applications for alleviating IVDD. Compared to existing clinically invasive or pain-relieving therapies for IVDD, the oral administration of mannose has characteristics that are more advantageous for clinical IVDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Lin Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zeng-Guang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi-Qi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yun-Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tian-Chang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tian-You Kan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Hai-Rong Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Perez VL, Mousa HM, Miyagishima KJ, Reed AA, Su AJA, Greenwell TN, Washington KM. Retinal transplant immunology and advancements. Stem Cell Reports 2024:S2213-6711(24)00113-9. [PMID: 38729155 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several gaps and barriers remain for transplanting stem cells into the eye to treat ocular disease, especially diseases of the retina. While the eye has historically been considered immune privileged, recent thinking has identified the immune system as both a barrier and an opportunity for eye stem cell transplantation. Recent approaches leveraging scaffolds or cloaking have been considered in other tissues beyond immune suppression. This perspective paper outlines approaches for transplantation and proposes opportunities to overcome barriers of the immune system in stem cell transplantation in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hazem M Mousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Amberlynn A Reed
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - An-Jey A Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas N Greenwell
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kia M Washington
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Balan I, Boero G, Chéry SL, McFarland MH, Lopez AG, Morrow AL. Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:582. [PMID: 38792602 PMCID: PMC11122352 DOI: 10.3390/life14050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnane neuroactive steroids, notably allopregnanolone and pregnenolone, exhibit efficacy in mitigating inflammatory signals triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory factors. Clinical studies highlight their therapeutic potential, particularly in conditions like postpartum depression (PPD), where the FDA-approved compound brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, effectively suppresses TLR-mediated inflammatory pathways, predicting symptom improvement. Additionally, pregnane neurosteroids exhibit trophic and anti-inflammatory properties, stimulating the production of vital trophic proteins and anti-inflammatory factors. Androstane neuroactive steroids, including estrogens and androgens, along with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), display diverse effects on TLR expression and activation. Notably, androstenediol (ADIOL), an androstane neurosteroid, emerges as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, promising for therapeutic interventions. The dysregulation of immune responses via TLR signaling alongside reduced levels of endogenous neurosteroids significantly contributes to symptom severity across various neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroactive steroids, such as allopregnanolone, demonstrate efficacy in alleviating symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders and modulating neuroimmune responses, offering potential intervention avenues. This review emphasizes the significant therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroids in modulating TLR signaling pathways, particularly in addressing inflammatory processes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It advances our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroactive steroids and immune responses, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual needs and providing insights for future research aimed at unraveling the intricacies of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Minna H. McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alejandro G. Lopez
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Ali NH, Alhamdan NA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Batiha GES. Irisin/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway in Parkinson's disease: truth under the throes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1985-1995. [PMID: 37819389 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative brain diseases which involves the deposition of α-synuclein. Irisin hormone, a newly discovered adipokine, has a valuable role in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the possible role of the irisin hormone in PD neuropathology. Irisin hormone has a neuroprotective effect against the development and progression of various neurodegenerative disorders by increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Irisin hormone has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative impacts, thereby reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and the progression of neuroinflammation. Irisin-induced PGC-1α could potentially prevent α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic injury, neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity in PD. Inhibition of NF-κB by irisin improves PGC-1α and FNDC5 signaling pathway with subsequent attenuation of PD neuropathology. Therefore, the irisin/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway could prevent dopaminergic neuronal injury. In conclusion, the irisin hormone has a neuroprotective effect through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant impacts with the amelioration of brain BDNF levels. Further preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Ahmad Alhamdan
- Department of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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Butler ML, Pervaiz N, Ypsilantis P, Wang Y, Cammasola Breda J, Mazzilli S, Nicks R, Spurlock E, Hefti MM, Huber BR, Alvarez VE, Stein TD, Campbell JD, McKee AC, Cherry JD. Repetitive head impacts induce neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in young athletes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586815. [PMID: 38585925 PMCID: PMC10996668 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Repetitive head impacts (RHI) sustained from contact sports are the largest risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Currently, CTE can only be diagnosed after death and the multicellular cascade of events that trigger initial hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) deposition remain unclear. Further, the symptoms endorsed by young individuals with early disease are not fully explained by the extent of p-tau deposition, severely hampering development of therapeutic interventions. Here, we show that RHI exposure associates with a multicellular response in young individuals (<51 years old) prior to the onset of CTE p-tau pathology that correlates with number of years of RHI exposure. Leveraging single nucleus RNA sequencing of tissue from 8 control, 9 RHI-exposed, and 11 low stage CTE individuals, we identify SPP1+ inflammatory microglia, angiogenic and inflamed endothelial cell profiles, reactive astrocytes, and altered synaptic gene expression in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in all individuals with exposure to RHI. Surprisingly, we also observe a significant loss of cortical sulcus layer 2/3 neurons in contact sport athletes compared to controls independent of p-tau pathology. These results provide robust evidence that multiple years of RHI exposure is sufficient to induce lasting cellular alterations that may underlie p-tau deposition and help explain the early clinical symptoms observed in young former contact sport athletes. Furthermore, these data identify specific cellular responses to repetitive head impacts that may direct future identification of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane L.M.D. Butler
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Nida Pervaiz
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | | | - Yichen Wang
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Julia Cammasola Breda
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sarah Mazzilli
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marco M. Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City IA, USA
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Cherry
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
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9
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Reina-Campos M, Monell A, Ferry A, Luna V, Cheung KP, Galletti G, Scharping NE, Takehara KK, Quon S, Boland B, Lin YH, Wong WH, Indralingam CS, Yeo GW, Chang JT, Heeg M, Goldrath AW. Functional Diversity of Memory CD8 T Cells is Spatiotemporally Imprinted. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585130. [PMID: 38585842 PMCID: PMC10996520 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) kill infected cells and recruit additional immune cells to limit pathogen invasion at barrier sites. Small intestinal (SI) TRM cells consist of distinct subpopulations with higher expression of effector molecules or greater memory potential. We hypothesized that occupancy of diverse anatomical niches imprints these distinct TRM transcriptional programs. We leveraged human samples and a murine model of acute systemic viral infection to profile the location and transcriptome of pathogen-specific TRM cell differentiation at single-transcript resolution. We developed computational approaches to capture cellular locations along three anatomical axes of the small intestine and to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of cell types and gene expression. TRM populations were spatially segregated: with more effector- and memory-like TRM preferentially localized at the villus tip or crypt, respectively. Modeling ligand-receptor activity revealed patterns of key cellular interactions and cytokine signaling pathways that initiate and maintain TRM differentiation and functional diversity, including different TGFβ sources. Alterations in the cellular networks induced by loss of TGFβRII expression revealed a model consistent with TGFβ promoting progressive TRM maturation towards the villus tip. Ultimately, we have developed a framework for the study of immune cell interactions with the spectrum of tissue cell types, revealing that T cell location and functional state are fundamentally intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reina-Campos
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Monell
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amir Ferry
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vida Luna
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kitty P. Cheung
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E. Scharping
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kennidy K. Takehara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Quon
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brigid Boland
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William H. Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John T. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ananda W. Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Allen Institute for Immunology, 615 Westlake Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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10
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Alizadehmoghaddam S, Pourabdolhossein F, Najafzadehvarzi H, Sarbishegi M, Saleki K, Nouri HR. Crocin attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation via expression of AIM2 and NLRP1 inflammasome in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25523. [PMID: 38356604 PMCID: PMC10864986 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of inflammasome activation and the following dopaminergic neuron loss caused by chronic neuroinflammation remain entirely unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of crocin on the inflammasome complex within an experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD) using male Wistar rats. PD was induced by the stereotaxic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and crocin was intraperitoneally administrated one week before the lesion, and then treatment continued for 21 days. Open field (OF) and elevated plus maze tests were applied for behavioral assays. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunostaining were performed on whole brain tissue, while dissected substantia nigra (SN) was used for immunoblotting and real-time PCR to evaluate compartments involved in PD. The time spent in the center of test was diminished in the LPS group, while treatment with 30 mg/kg of crocin significantly increased it. H&E staining showed a significant increase in cell infiltration at the site of LPS injection, which was ameliorated upon crocin treatment. Notably, crocin-treated animals showed a reduced number of caspase-1 and IL-1β positive cells, whereas the number of positive cells was increased in the LPS group (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was also found in the LPS group, while crocin treatment significantly elevated its expression. IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP1, and AIM2 genes expression significantly increased in the LPS group. On the other hand, treatment with 30 mg/kg of crocin significantly downregulated the expression levels of these genes along with NLRP1 (P < 0.05). In summary, our findings suggest that crocin reduces neuroinflammation in PD by diminishing IL-1β and caspase-1 levels, potentially by inhibiting the expression of AIM2 and NLRP1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Alizadehmoghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Pourabdolhossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Najafzadehvarzi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Sarbishegi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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11
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Bighinati A, Adani E, Stanzani A, D’Alessandro S, Marigo V. Molecular mechanisms underlying inherited photoreceptor degeneration as targets for therapeutic intervention. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1343544. [PMID: 38370034 PMCID: PMC10869517 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1343544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a form of retinal degeneration characterized by primary degeneration of rod photoreceptors followed by a secondary cone loss that leads to vision impairment and finally blindness. This is a rare disease with mutations in several genes and high genetic heterogeneity. A challenging effort has been the characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying photoreceptor cell death during the progression of the disease. Some of the cell death pathways have been identified and comprise stress events found in several neurodegenerative diseases such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium imbalance and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Other cell death mechanisms appear more relevant to photoreceptor cells, such as high levels of cGMP and metabolic changes. Here we review some of the cell death pathways characterized in the RP mutant retina and discuss preclinical studies of therapeutic approaches targeting the molecular outcomes that lead to photoreceptor cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bighinati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Adani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Agnese Stanzani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara D’Alessandro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Marigo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Modena, Italy
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12
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Al-kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES, Klionsky DJ. The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No? Autophagy 2024; 20:259-274. [PMID: 37712858 PMCID: PMC10813579 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T lymphocytes which elicit autoimmunity. The main pathophysiology of MS is myelin sheath damage by immune cells and a defect in the generation of myelin by oligodendrocytes. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a critical degradation process that eliminates dysfunctional or superfluous cellular components. Autophagy has the property of a double-edged sword in MS in that it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on MS neuropathology. Therefore, this review illustrates the protective and harmful effects of autophagy with regard to this disease. Autophagy prevents the progression of MS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. In contrast, over-activated autophagy is associated with the progression of MS neuropathology and in this case the use of autophagy inhibitors may alleviate the pathogenesis of MS. Furthermore, autophagy provokes the activation of different immune and supporting cells that play an intricate role in the pathogenesis of MS. Autophagy functions in the modulation of MS neuropathology by regulating cell proliferation related to demyelination and remyelination. Autophagy enhances remyelination by increasing the activity of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. However, autophagy induces demyelination by activating microglia and T cells. In conclusion, specific autophagic activators of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, and specific autophagic inhibitors of dendritic cells (DCs), microglia and T cells induce protective effects against the pathogenesis of MS.Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; APCs: antigen-presenting cells; BBB: blood-brain barrier; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CNS: central nervous system; DCs: dendritic cells; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MS: multiple sclerosis; NCA: non-canonical autophagy; OCBs: oligoclonal bands; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PD: Parkinson disease; ROS: reactive oxygen species; UPR: unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt
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13
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Huang J, Li W. Molecular crosstalk between circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24752. [PMID: 38268831 PMCID: PMC10803942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Research has recently found that both animal models and patients with PD have circadian dysfunction, accompanied by abnormal expression of circadian genes and proteins, which implies that the circadian clock plays a crucial role in PD etiopathogenesis. In addition, a strong relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and PD has been observed. Meanwhile, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is highly relevant to dysfunctions of the molecular clock. Therefore, alleviating the neuroinflammation caused by NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by adjusting the abnormal molecular clock may be a potential strategy for preventing and treating PD. In this article, we have reviewed the potential or direct relationship between abnormalities of the circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Huang
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
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14
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Goal A, Raj K, Singh S, Arora R. Protective effects of Embelin in Benzo[α]pyrene induced cognitive and memory impairment in experimental model of mice. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 6:100122. [PMID: 38616958 PMCID: PMC11015058 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive and memory impairment. The most prominent clinical characteristics of AD are the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in neurons. It has been proven that embelin (Emb) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, we assessed the therapeutic potential of Emb in Benzo [α]pyrene (BaP)-induced cognitive impairment in experimental mice. BaP (5 mg/kg, i. p) was given to mice daily for 28 days, and Emb (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i. p) was given from 14 to 28 days of a protocol. In addition, locomotor activity was evaluated using open-field and spatial working, and non-spatial memory was evaluated using novel object recognition tasks (NORT), Morris water maze (MWM), and Y- maze. At the end of the study, the animal tissue homogenate was used to check biochemicals, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter changes. BaP-treated mice showed a significant decline in locomotor activity, learning and memory deficits and augmented oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, nitrite, and GSH). Further, BaP promoted the release of inflammatory tissue markers, decreased acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and norepinephrine, and increased glutamate concentration. However, treatment with Emb at dose-dependently prevented biochemical changes, improved antioxidant levels, reduced neuroinflammation, restored neurotransmitter concentration, and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. The current study's finding suggested that Emb improved cognitive functions through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective mechanisms and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and Aβ-42 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansh Goal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India, 142001
| | - Khadga Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India, 142001
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India, 142001
| | - Rimpi Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India, 142001
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15
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Reagin KL, Lee RL, Cocciolone L, Funk KE. Antigen non-specific CD8 + T cells accelerate cognitive decline in aged mice following respiratory coronavirus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573675. [PMID: 38260669 PMCID: PMC10802364 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Primarily a respiratory infection, numerous patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 present with neurologic symptoms, some continuing long after viral clearance as a persistent symptomatic phase termed "long COVID". Advanced age increases the risk of severe disease, as well as incidence of long COVID. We hypothesized that perturbations in the aged immune response predispose elderly individuals to severe coronavirus infection and post-infectious sequelae. Using a murine model of respiratory coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), we found that aging increased clinical illness and lethality to MHV infection, with aged animals harboring increased virus in the brain during acute infection. This was coupled with an unexpected increase in activated CD8+ T cells within the brains of aged animals but reduced antigen specificity of those CD8+ T cells. Aged animals demonstrated spatial learning impairment following MHV infection, which correlated with increased neuronal cell death and reduced neuronal regeneration in aged hippocampus. Using primary cell culture, we demonstrated that activated CD8+ T cells induce neuronal death, independent of antigen-specificity. Specifically, higher levels of CD8+ T cell-derived IFN-γ correlated with neuronal death. These results support the evidence that CD8+ T cells in the brain directly contribute to cognitive dysfunction following coronavirus infection in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Reagin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Rae-Ling Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Loren Cocciolone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
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16
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Wang S, Li G, Liang X, Wu Z, Chen C, Zhang F, Niu J, Li X, Yan J, Wang N, Li J, Wang Y. Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Altered Peptide Ligand-Loaded Dendritic Cell Act as A Therapeutic Vaccine for Spinal Cord Injury Through Eliciting CD4 + T cell-Mediated Neuroprotective Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304648. [PMID: 38037457 PMCID: PMC10797491 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The balance among different CD4+ T cell subsets is crucial for repairing the injured spinal cord. Dendritic cell (DC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (DsEVs) effectively activate T-cell immunity. Altered peptide ligands (APLs), derived from myelin basic protein (MBP), have been shown to affect CD4+ T cell subsets and reduce neuroinflammation levels. However, the application of APLs is challenging because of their poor stability and associated side effects. Herein, it is demonstrate that DsEVs can act as carriers for APL MBP87-99 A91 (A91-DsEVs) to induce the activation of 2 helper T (Th2) and regulatory T (Treg) cells for spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. These stimulated CD4+ T cells can efficiently "home" to the lesion area and establish a beneficial microenvironment through inducing the activation of M2 macrophages/microglia, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the release of neurotrophic factors. The microenvironment mediated by A91-DsEVs may enhance axon regrowth, protect neurons, and promote remyelination, which may support the recovery of motor function in the SCI model mice. In conclusion, using A91-DsEVs as a therapeutic vaccine may help induce neuroprotective immunity in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and RegenerationThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Guanglei Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Xiongjie Liang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Zexuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Chao Chen
- Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonT5C 0T2Canada
| | - Fawang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Jiawen Niu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and RegenerationThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology and Electron MicroscopyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceHarbin Medical UniversityNo. 157 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
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17
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Thakur N, Pandey RK, Mannan R, Pruthi A, Mehrotra S. Genetic association of IL1B gene variants with primary glaucoma in a North Indian Punjabi cohort: An original study and meta-analysis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109720. [PMID: 37952723 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 1B is an important candidate gene in glaucoma pathogenesis as it affects the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In the present study, -511T/C and +3953C/T polymorphisms in the IL1B were assessed as genetic risk factors for primary open angle (POAG) and angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in a North Indian Punjabi cohort comprising 867 samples (POAG cases = 307; PACG cases = 133 and controls = 427). Genetic association, diplotype and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses were performed. Corrections for confounding variables and multiple testing were applied. An updated meta-analysis was also performed. Pooled OR with 95% CI was calculated for dominant, over dominant, and recessive models. Level of heterozygosity among studies was tested using I2 statistic with fixed or random effect model based on the extent of heterogeneity. For -511T > C polymorphism, a positive association was observed with PACG under dominant (p = 0.038; OR = 0.65; pcorr = 0.011; OR = 0.55) and over dominant models (p = 0.010; OR = 0.59; pcorr = 0.001; OR = 0.46). Significant association of +3953C > T was also observed with POAG under dominant (p = 0.011; OR = 1.46; pcorr = 0.018; OR = 1.48) and PACG under recessive models (p < 0.0001; OR = 4.47; pcorr<0.0001; OR = 4.06). While C-C diplotype provided protection against primary glaucoma (0.67-fold; p = 0.0004), T-T and T-C diplotypes predisposed individuals to higher risk (1.31-fold; p = 0.030 and 1.36-fold; p = 0.022 respectively). In meta-analysis, a significant association between +3453 C>T and POAG was observed under dominant (pooled OR = 1.33, p = 0.0046) and over dominant (pooled OR = 1.25; p = 0.0269) models with overall heterogeneity of 15% and 0% respectively. The study provides strong evidence of IL1B variants in modifying genetic susceptibility to primary glaucoma in the targeted North Indian Punjabi population. Replication of the present findings in other populations, and functional studies are warranted to further assess the relevance of IL1B variants in the pathogenesis of primary glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanamika Thakur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Rashim Mannan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Pruthi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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18
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Liu W, Li Y, Zhao T, Gong M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu L, Li W, Li Y, Jia J. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutic approaches. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102534. [PMID: 37783430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are involved in multiple physiopathological processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuronal network activities, excitotoxic events, and cognitive impairment. Abnormalities in NMDARs can initiate a cascade of pathological events, notably in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and even other neuropsychiatric disorders. The subunit composition of NMDARs is plastic, giving rise to a diverse array of receptor subtypes. While they are primarily found in neurons, NMDAR complexes, comprising both traditional and atypical subunits, are also present in non-neuronal cells, influencing the functions of various peripheral tissues. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions within NMDAR complexes has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which potentially served as an obligatory relay of cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, the precise mechanistic link remains to be fully elucidated. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the structure and function of NMDAR, investigated their interactions with various pathogenic proteins, discussed the current landscape of NMDAR-based therapeutics, and highlighted the remaining challenges during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Tan Zhao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Min Gong
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Xuechu Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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19
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Akins EA, Wilkins D, Aghi MK, Kumar S. An engineered glioblastoma model yields novel macrophage-secreted drivers of invasion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.18.567683. [PMID: 38014161 PMCID: PMC10680873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.18.567683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly invasive brain tumors replete with brain- and blood-derived macrophages, collectively known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Targeting TAMs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy but has thus far yielded limited clinical success in slowing GBM progression, due in part to an incomplete understanding of TAM function in GBM. Here, by using an engineered hyaluronic acid-based 3D invasion platform, patient-derived GBM cells, and multi-omics analysis of GBM tumor microenvironments, we show that M2-polarized macrophages stimulate GBM stem cell (GSC) mesenchymal transition and invasion. We identify TAM-derived transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFβI/BIGH3) as a pro-tumorigenic factor in the GBM microenvironment. In GBM patients, BIGH3 mRNA expression correlates with poor patient prognosis and is highest in the most aggressive GBM molecular subtype. Inhibiting TAM-derived BIGH3 signaling with a blocking antibody or small molecule inhibitor suppresses GSC invasion. Our work highlights the utility of 3D in vitro tumor microenvironment platforms to investigate TAM-cancer cell crosstalk and offers new insights into TAM function to guide novel TAM-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Akins
- University of California, Berkeley – University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dana Wilkins
- University of California, Berkeley – University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- University of California, Berkeley – University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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20
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Khayati S, Dehnavi S, Sadeghi M, Tavakol Afshari J, Esmaeili SA, Mohammadi M. The potential role of miRNA in regulating macrophage polarization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21615. [PMID: 38027572 PMCID: PMC10665754 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a dynamic process determining the outcome of various physiological and pathological situations through inducing pro-inflammatory responses or resolving inflammation via exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The miRNAs are epigenetic regulators of different biologic pathways that target transcription factors and signaling molecules to promote macrophage phenotype transition and regulate immune responses. Modulating the macrophage activation, differentiation, and polarization by miRNAs is crucial for immune responses in response to microenvironmental signals and under various physiological and pathological conditions. In term of clinical significance, regulating macrophage polarization via miRNAs could be utilized for inflammation control. Also, understanding the role of miRNAs in macrophage polarization can provide insights into diagnostic strategies associated with dysregulated miRNAs and for developing macrophage-centered therapeutic methods. In this case, targeting miRNAs to further regulate of macrophage polarization may become an efficient strategy for treating immune-associated disorders. The current review investigated and categorized various miRNAs directly or indirectly involved in macrophage polarization by targeting different transcription factors and signaling pathways. In addition, prospects for regulating macrophage polarization via miRNA as a therapeutic choice that could be implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer or inflammation-mediated injuries, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaho Khayati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajad Dehnavi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Di Paolo M, Corsi F, Cerri C, Bisti S, Piano I, Gargini C. A Window to the Brain: The Retina to Monitor the Progression and Efficacy of Saffron Repron ® Pre-Treatment in an LPS Model of Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1307. [PMID: 37765115 PMCID: PMC10536337 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanism shared by most neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), is neuroinflammation. It has been shown to have a link between cognitive impairment and retinal function under neuroinflammatory conditions, confirming the essential role of the retina as a window to the brain. Here, we characterize a mouse model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation describing the parallel deterioration of both memory and visual function. Then, we demonstrate, using the Novel Object Recognition test (NOR) and electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, that preventive, chronic treatment with saffron Repron® is able to reduce the neuroinflammation process and prevent the impairment of both cognitive and visual function. The improvement in behavioral and visual function is confirmed by the pattern of expression of neuroinflammation-related genes and related proteins where pre-treatment with Repron® saffron presents a positive modulation compared with that obtained in animals treated with LPS alone. These results hold for retinal tissue and partially in the brain, where it appears that the onset of damage was delayed. This trend underlines the critical role of the retina as a most sensitive portion of the central nervous system to LPS-induced damage and could be used as a "sensor" for the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Paolo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), via Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Corsi
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), via Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.); (C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cerri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Silvia Bisti
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), via Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Ilaria Piano
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), via Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.); (C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Claudia Gargini
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), via Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.); (C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Zhao Y, Chang X, Gu X, Li Y, Zheng Y, Fang H. Predictive Analysis of Quality Markers of Atractylodis Rhizoma Based on Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1402-1413. [PMID: 37208180 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. (A. chinensis) is a perennial herbaceous plant that is widely used as a Chinese medicine herb for gastric diseases. However, the bioactive compounds of this herbal medicine have not been defined, and quality control is imperfect. OBJECTIVE Although the method of quality evaluation method for A. chinensis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting has been reported in related papers, it remains unknown whether the chemical markers selected are representative of their clinical efficacy. To develop methods for qualitative analysis and improved quality evaluation of A. chinensis. METHOD In this study, HPLC was used to establish fingerprints and conduct similarity evaluation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to reveal the differences of these fingerprints. Network pharmacology was used to analyze the corresponding targets of the active ingredients. Meantime, an active ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed to investigate the characteristics of the medical efficacy of A. chinensis and to predict potential Q-markers. RESULTS Combining network pharmacological effectiveness and composition specificity with the Q-marker concept, atractylodin (ATD), β-eudesmol, atractylenolide Ι (AT-I) and atractylenolide III (AT-III) were predicted to be potential Q-markers of A. chinensis that showed anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-gastric, and antiviral effects by acting on 10 core targets and 20 key pathways. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC fingerprinting method established in this study is straightforward, and the identified four active constituents can be used as Q-markers of A. chinensis. These findings facilitate effective quality evaluation of A. chinensis and suggest this approach could be applied to evaluate the quality of other herbal medicines. HIGHLIGHTS The fingerprints of Atractylodis rhizoma were organically combined with network pharmacology to further clarify its criteria for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province; International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, No. 326 Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050091, P.R. China
- Inner Mongolia University, Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, No.235 West College Road, Saihan District, Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010000, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Chang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province; International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, No. 326 Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050091, P.R. China
| | - Xian Gu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province; International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, No. 326 Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050091, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province; International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, No. 326 Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050091, P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province; International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, No. 326 Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050091, P.R. China
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, No. 88 Fangxing Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050026, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Fang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province; International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, No. 326 Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050091, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang S, Heil BJ, Mao W, Chikina M, Greene CS, Heller EA. MousiPLIER: A Mouse Pathway-Level Information Extractor Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551386. [PMID: 37577575 PMCID: PMC10418102 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
High throughput gene expression profiling is a powerful approach to generate hypotheses on the underlying causes of biological function and disease. Yet this approach is limited by its ability to infer underlying biological pathways and burden of testing tens of thousands of individual genes. Machine learning models that incorporate prior biological knowledge are necessary to extract meaningful pathways and generate rational hypothesis from the vast amount of gene expression data generated to date. We adopted an unsupervised machine learning method, Pathway-level information extractor (PLIER), to train the first mouse PLIER model on 190,111 mouse brain RNA-sequencing samples, the greatest amount of training data ever used by PLIER. mousiPLER converted gene expression data into a latent variables that align to known pathway or cell maker gene sets, substantially reducing data dimensionality and improving interpretability. To determine the utility of mousiPLIER, we applied it to a mouse brain aging study of microglia and astrocyte transcriptomic profiling. We found a specific set of latent variables that are significantly associated with aging, including one latent variable (LV41) corresponding to striatal signal. We next performed k-means clustering on the training data to identify studies that respond strongly to LV41, finding that the variable is relevant to striatum and aging across the scientific literature. Finally, we built a web server (http://mousiplier.greenelab.com/) for users to easily explore the learned latent variables. Taken together this study provides proof of concept that mousiPLIER can uncover meaningful biological processes in mouse transcriptomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Heil
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weiguang Mao
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Casey S. Greene
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Heller
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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24
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Torten G, Fisher SK, Linberg KA, Luna G, Perkins G, Ellisman MH, Williams DS. Three-Dimensional Ultrastructure of the Normal Rod Photoreceptor Synapse and Degenerative Changes Induced by Retinal Detachment. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5468-5482. [PMID: 37414561 PMCID: PMC10376940 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2267-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rod photoreceptor synapse is the first synapse of dim-light vision and one of the most complex in the mammalian CNS. The components of its unique structure, a presynaptic ribbon and a single synaptic invagination enclosing several postsynaptic processes, have been identified, but disagreements about their organization remain. Here, we have used EM tomography to generate high-resolution images of 3-D volumes of the rod synapse from the female domestic cat. We have resolved the synaptic ribbon as a single structure, with a single arciform density, indicating the presence of one long site of transmitter release. The organization of the postsynaptic processes, which has been difficult to resolve with past methods, appears as a tetrad arrangement of two horizontal cell and two rod bipolar cell processes. Retinal detachment severely disrupts this organization. After 7 d, EM tomography reveals withdrawal of rod bipolar dendrites from most spherules; fragmentation of synaptic ribbons, which lose their tight association with the presynaptic membrane; and loss of the highly branched telodendria of the horizontal cell axon terminals. After detachment, the hilus, the opening through which postsynaptic processes enter the invagination, enlarges, exposing the normally sequestered environment within the invagination to the extracellular space of the outer plexiform layer. Our use of EM tomography provides the most accurate description to date of the complex rod synapse and details changes it undergoes during outer segment degeneration. These changes would be expected to disrupt the flow of information in the rod pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ribbon-type synapses transmit the first electrical signals of vision and hearing. Despite their crucial role in sensory physiology, the three-dimensional ultrastructure of these synapses, especially the complex organization of the rod photoreceptor synapse, is not well understood. We used EM tomography to obtain 3-D imaging at nanoscale resolution to help resolve the organization of rod synapses in normal and detached retinas. This approach has enabled us to show that in the normal retina a single ribbon and arciform density oppose a tetrad of postsynaptic processes. In addition, it enabled us to provide a 3-D perspective of the ultrastructural changes that occur in response to retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Torten
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Steven K Fisher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117
| | - Kenneth A Linberg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117
| | - Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - David S Williams
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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25
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Palanisamy CP, Pei J, Alugoju P, Anthikapalli NVA, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Gopathy S, Roy JR, Janaki CS, Thalamati D, Mironescu M, Luo Q, Miao Y, Chai Y, Long Q. New strategies of neurodegenerative disease treatment with extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Theranostics 2023; 13:4138-4165. [PMID: 37554286 PMCID: PMC10405853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and intricate interactions between different cell types within the affected regions. Reliable biomarkers that can accurately reflect disease activity, diagnose, and monitor the progression of neurodegenerative diseases are crucial for the development of effective therapies. However, identifying suitable biomarkers has been challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of these diseases, affecting specific subsets of neurons in different brain regions. One promising approach for promoting brain regeneration and recovery involves the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have demonstrated the ability to modulate the immune system, promote neurite outgrowth, stimulate angiogenesis, and repair damaged tissues, partially through the release of their extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs retain some of the therapeutic characteristics of their parent MSCs, including their ability to regulate neurite outgrowth, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue repair. This review aims to explore the potential of MSC-derived EVs as an emerging therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their role in modulating disease progression and promoting neuronal recovery. By elucidating the mechanisms by which MSC-derived EVs exert their therapeutic effects, we can advance our understanding and leverage their potential for the development of novel treatment approaches in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Phaniendra Alugoju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sridevi Gopathy
- Department of Physiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089, India
| | - Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | | | - Monica Mironescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bv. Victoriei 10, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Qiang Luo
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yuan Chai
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
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26
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Sharma V, Chhabra T, Singh TG. Correlation of covid-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: A Mechanistic Perspective. OBESITY MEDICINE 2023; 40:100493. [PMID: 37131407 PMCID: PMC10091783 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2023.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims Coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 particles are spherical and have proteins called spikes that stick out on the surface. COVID-19 most commonly affects the respiratory system, but various clinical manifestations on coronavirus have revealed their potential neurotropism. The neuroinvasive affinity of Coronavirus infections has been reported nearly for all the β Coronavirus infections, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV-OC43 and HEV. Coronavirus invasion occurs through hypoxia injury, immune injury, ACE2, and direct infection. The pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and other human Coronaviruses reveals the possible mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Methods A systematic literature review carried out from various search engines like Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Elsevier for investigating the therapeutic perspective of association between Covid-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Results SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as its entry receptor and enters the central nervous system through a Blood-brain barrier constituted of inflammatory mediators, direct infection of the endothelial cells, or endothelial injury. Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disease that injures and attacks the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. Studies suggest that the virus can infect peripheral neurons to cause direct damage through various mechanisms, including direct damage by cytokine-related injury, ACE2 receptors, and the sequelae of hypoxia. Conclusion we have discussed the possible mechanisms between neuroinvasion of SARs-cov2 and Guillain-barre syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Tarun Chhabra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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de Sousa JAC, Azul FVCS, de Araújo AB, Tomé RC, Silva FRM, de Vasconcelos SMM, Rios FJ, Leal LKAM. Epiisopiloturine, an Alkaloid from Pilocarpus microphyllus, Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation by Interfering in the TLR4/NF- κB-MAPK Signaling Pathway in Microglial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4752502. [PMID: 37151606 PMCID: PMC10162877 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4752502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is present in the pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia have a prominent role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory process. Epiisopiloturine (EPI) is an imidazole alkaloid obtained as a by-product of pilocarpine extracted from Pilocarpus microphyllus (jaborandi) and has shown promising anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EPI on the inflammatory response in microglial cells (BV-2 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored putative underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell viability was not affected by EPI (1-100 μg/mL) as assessed by both LDH activity and the MTT test. Pretreatment with EPI (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) significantly reduced the proinflammatory response induced by LPS, as observed by a decrease in nitrite oxide production and iNOS protein expression. EPI (25 μg/mL) reduced IL-6 and TNF-α production, by 40% and 34%, respectively. However, no changes were observed in the anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Mechanistically, EPI inhibited the TLR4 expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2) induced by LPS, but no changes were observed in TREM2 receptor expression in LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the potent anti-inflammatory properties of EPI in microglial cells. These effects are associated with the reduction of TLR4 expression and inhibition of intracellular signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Costa de Sousa
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vinícius Clemente Serra Azul
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Bruna de Araújo
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Colares Tomé
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Raysse Mesquita Silva
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco José Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Kuhn MK, Fleeman RM, Beidler LM, Snyder AM, Chan DC, Proctor EA. Alzheimer's disease-specific cytokine secretion suppresses neuronal mitochondrial metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536014. [PMID: 37066287 PMCID: PMC10104145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction are early alterations in Alzheimer's disease brain that are thought to contribute to disease onset and progression. Glial activation due to protein deposition results in cytokine secretion and shifts in brain metabolism, which have been observed in Alzheimer's disease patients. However, the mechanism by which this immunometabolic feedback loop can injure neurons and cause neurodegeneration remains unclear. Methods We used Luminex XMAP technology to quantify hippocampal cytokine concentrations in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease at milestone timepoints in disease development. We used partial least squares regression to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease progression, as compared to healthy aging in wild-type littermates. We applied the disease-defining cytokine signature to wild-type primary neuron cultures and measured downstream changes in gene expression using the NanoString nCounter system and mitochondrial function using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux live-cell analyzer. Results We identified a pattern of up-regulated IFNγ, IP-10, and IL-9 as predictive of advanced disease. When healthy neurons were exposed to these cytokines in proportions found in diseased brain, gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, including ATP synthase, was suppressed. In live cells, basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration were impaired following cytokine stimulation. Conclusions An Alzheimer's disease-specific pattern of cytokine secretion reduces expression of mitochondrial electron transport complexes and impairs mitochondrial respiration in healthy neurons. We establish a mechanistic link between disease-specific immune cues and impaired neuronal metabolism, potentially causing neuronal vulnerability and susceptibility to degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K. Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Fleeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lynne M. Beidler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dennis C. Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Li J, Tong L, Schock BC, Ji LL. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3963-3978. [PMID: 37004607 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gaining increasing attention, is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder that occurs following a stressful or traumatic event or series of events. Recently, several studies showed a close relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation, a defense response of the nervous system, is associated with the activation of neuroimmune cells such as microglia and astrocytes and with changes in inflammatory markers. In this review, we first analyzed the relationship between neuroinflammation and PTSD: the effect of stress-derived activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on the main immune cells in the brain and the effect of stimulated immune cells in the brain on the HPA axis. We then summarize the alteration of inflammatory markers in brain regions related to PTSD. Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that protect neurons by regulating the ionic microenvironment around neurons. Microglia are macrophages of the brain that coordinate the immunological response. Recent studies on these two cell types provided new insight into neuroinflammation in PTSD. These contribute to promoting comprehension of neuroinflammation, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimeng Li
- Department of 2nd Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bettina C Schock
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Yasmeen N, Selvaraj H, Lakhawat SS, Datta M, Sharma PK, Jain A, Khanna R, Srinivasan J, Kumar V. Possibility of averting cytokine storm in SARS-COV 2 patients using specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115437. [PMID: 36731803 PMCID: PMC9884647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fatal "cytokine storms (CS)" observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients are consequences of dysregulated host immune system and over-exuberant inflammatory response. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-system organ failure, and eventual death are distinctive symptoms, attributed to higher morbidity and mortality rates among these patients. Consequent efforts to save critical COVID-19 patients via the usage of several novel therapeutic options are put in force. Strategically, drugs being used in such patients are dexamethasone, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, etc. along with the approved vaccines. Moreover, it is certain that activation of the resolution process is important for the prevention of chronic diseases. Until recently Inflammation resolution was considered a passive process, rather it's an active biochemical process that can be achieved by the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These endogenous mediators are an array of atypical lipid metabolites that include Resolvins, lipoxins, maresins, protectins, considered as immunoresolvents, but their role in COVID-19 is ambiguous. Recent evidence from studies such as the randomized clinical trial, in which omega 3 fatty acid was used as supplement to resolve inflammation in COVID-19, suggests that direct supplementation of SPMs or the use of synthetic SPM mimetics (which are still being explored) could enhance the process of resolution by regulating the aberrant inflammatory process and can be useful in pain relief and tissue remodeling. Here we discussed the biosynthesis of SPMs, & their mechanistic pathways contributing to inflammation resolution along with sequence of events leading to CS in COVID-19, with a focus on therapeutic potential of SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrath Yasmeen
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harikrishnan Selvaraj
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudarshan S Lakhawat
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manali Datta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pushpender K Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakhi Khanna
- Rajasthan State Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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Ajayi AM, Melete J, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Aggressive-like behaviour and neurocognitive impairment in alcohol herbal mixture-fed mice are associated with increased neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23252. [PMID: 36281499 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced aggression and related violence is a serious and common social problem globally. Alcohol use is increasingly found in the form of alcoholic herbal mixtures (AHM) with indiscriminate and unregulated alcohol content. This study investigated the effects of AHM on aggressive-like, neurocognitive impairment and brain biochemical alteration in mice. Thirty-two male resident mice were paired housed with female mice for 21 days in four groups (n = 8). Resident mice were treated orally with normal saline, AHM, ethanol and AHM + ethanol daily for 14 days. Aggressive-like behaviour was scored based on the latency and frequency of attacks by the resident mouse on the intruder. Neurocognitive impairment was determined using the Y-maze test (YMT) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neuronal morphology, cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) expressions were determined. AHM and in combination with ethanol showed an increased index of aggression typified by frequency of attack and reduced latency to attack when compared to normal saline-treated animals. Co-administration of AHM and ethanol significantly reduced cognitive correct alternation (%) and discrimination index in the YMT and NORT, respectively. AHM and ethanol increased acetylcholinesterase, Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters while they reduced GAD. There were significantly reduced neuronal counts and increased expression of Cyt-c and NF-ĸB, respectively Alcoholic herbal mixture increased aggressiveness and caused neurocognitive impairment via increased oxido-inflammatory stress in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Melete
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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John MC, Quinn J, Hu ML, Cehajic-Kapetanovic J, Xue K. Gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches for inherited retinal degenerations. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1068185. [PMID: 36710928 PMCID: PMC9881597 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1068185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are associated with mutations in over 250 genes and represent a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. While gene augmentation or gene editing therapies could address the underlying genetic mutations in a small subset of patients, their utility remains limited by the great genetic heterogeneity of IRDs and the costs of developing individualised therapies. Gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches target common pathogenic pathways that drive retinal degeneration or provide functional rescue of vision independent of the genetic cause, thus offering potential clinical benefits to all IRD patients. Here, we review the key gene-agnostic approaches, including retinal cell reprogramming and replacement, neurotrophic support, immune modulation and optogenetics. The relative benefits and limitations of these strategies and the timing of clinical interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. John
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Quinn
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monica L. Hu
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kanmin Xue
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wang G, Sweren E, Andrews W, Li Y, Chen J, Xue Y, Wier E, Alphonse MP, Luo L, Miao Y, Chen R, Zeng D, Lee S, Li A, Dare E, Kim D, Archer NK, Reddy SK, Resar L, Hu Z, Grice EA, Kane MA, Garza LA. Commensal microbiome promotes hair follicle regeneration by inducing keratinocyte HIF-1α signaling and glutamine metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabo7555. [PMID: 36598999 PMCID: PMC9812389 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury induces metabolic changes in stem cells, which likely modulate regeneration. Using a model of organ regeneration called wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN), we identified skin-resident bacteria as key modulators of keratinocyte metabolism, demonstrating a positive correlation between bacterial load, glutamine metabolism, and regeneration. Specifically, through comprehensive multiomic analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing in murine skin, we show that bacterially induced hypoxia drives increased glutamine metabolism in keratinocytes with attendant enhancement of skin and hair follicle regeneration. In human skin wounds, topical broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibit glutamine production and are partially responsible for reduced healing. These findings reveal a conserved and coherent physiologic context in which bacterially induced metabolic changes improve the tolerance of stem cells to damage and enhance regenerative capacity. This unexpected proregenerative modulation of metabolism by the skin microbiome in both mice and humans suggests important methods for enhancing regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Evan Sweren
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - William Andrews
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Yingchao Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Eric Wier
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Institute for Cellular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Sam Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Erika Dare
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Bio-Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Sashank K. Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Linda Resar
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Institute for Cellular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Luis A. Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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Adelipour M, Lubman DM, Kim J. Potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:491-507. [PMID: 37147781 PMCID: PMC10330313 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2211203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regenerative medicine involves the replacement of damaged cells, tissues, or organs to restore normal function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosomes secreted by MSCs have unique advantages that make them a suitable candidate in the field of regenerative medicine. AREAS COVERED This article provides a comprehensive overview of regenerative medicine, focusing on the use of MSCs and their exosomes as potential therapies for replacing damaged cells, tissues, or organs. This article discusses the distinct advantages of both MSCs and their secreted exosomes, including their immunomodulatory effects, lack of immunogenicity, and recruitment to damaged areas. While both MSCs and exosomes have these advantages, MSCs also have the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate. This article also assesses the current challenges associated with the application of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in therapy. We have reviewed proposed solutions for improving MSC or exosome therapy, including ex-vivo preconditioning strategies, genetic modification, and encapsulation. Literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. EXPERT OPINION Providing insight into the future development of MSC and exosome-based therapies and to encourage the scientific community to focus on the identified gaps, develop appropriate guidelines, and enhance the clinical application of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Shen B, Yu H, Zhang M, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xu S, Han R, Huang S, Huang P, Zhong Y. Establishment of a minimally invasive distal traumatic optic neuropathy model in mice to investigate cascade reactions of retinal glial cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22682. [PMID: 36468758 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200861r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a complication of craniocerebral, orbital and facial injuries, leading to irreversible vision loss. At present, there is no reliable, widely used animal model, although it has been confirmed that TON can cause the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). However, the cascade reaction of retinal glial cells underlying TON is unclear. Therefore, the establishment of an animal model to explore the pathological mechanism of TON would be of great interest to the scientific community. In this study, we propose a novel mouse model utilizing a 3D stereotaxic apparatus combined with a 27G needle to evaluate damage to the optic nerve by micro-CT, anatomy, SD-OCT and F-VEP. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, qPCR experiments were conducted to investigate the loss of RGCs and activation or inactivation of microglia, astrocytes and Müller glial cells in the retina from the first week to the fourth week after modeling. The results showed that this minimally invasive method caused damage to the distal optic nerve and loss of RGC after optic nerve injury. Microglia cells were found to be activated from the first week to the third week; however, they were inactivated at the fourth week; astrocytes were activated at the second week of injury, while Müller glial cells were gradually inactivated following injury. In conclusion, this method can be used as a novel animal model of distal TON, that results in a series of cascade reactions of retinal glial cells, which will provide a basis for future studies aimed at exploring the mechanism of TON and the search for effective treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang JQ, Liu YR, Xia QR, Liang J, Wang JL, Li J. Functional roles, regulatory mechanisms and theranostics applications of ncRNAs in alcohol use disorder. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1316-1335. [PMID: 36923934 PMCID: PMC10008696 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychological disorders worldwide, and its pathogenesis is convoluted and poorly understood. There is considerable evidence demonstrating significant associations between multiple heritable factors and the onset and progression of AUD. In recent years, a substantial body of research conducted by emerging biotechnologies has increasingly highlighted the crucial roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathophysiology of mental diseases. As in-depth understanding of ncRNAs and their mechanisms of action, they have emerged as prospective diagnostic indicators and preclinical therapeutic targets for a variety of psychiatric illness, including AUD. Of note, dysregulated expression of ncRNAs such as circRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs was routinely found in AUD individuals, and besides, exogenous regulation of partial ncRNAs has also been shown to be effective in ameliorating alcohol preference and excessive alcohol consumption. However, the exact molecular mechanism still remains elusive. Herein, we systematically summarized current knowledge regarding alterations in the expression of certain ncRNAs as well as their-mediated regulatory mechanisms in individuals with AUD. And finally, we detailedly reviewed the potential theranostics applications of gene therapy agents targeting ncRNAs in AUD mice. Overall, a deeper comprehension of functional roles and biological mechanisms of ncRNAs may make significant contributions to the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, 230000, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230000, China.,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei,230000, China
| | - Ya-Ru Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.,The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, 230000, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230000, China.,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei,230000, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, 230000, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230000, China.,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei,230000, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, 230000, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230000, China.,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei,230000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Cui Z, Li Y, Huang S, Wu X, Fu X, Liu F, Wan X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Qiu H, Chen F, Yang P, Zhu S, Li J, Chen W. BCI system with lower-limb robot improves rehabilitation in spinal cord injury patients through short-term training: a pilot study. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:1283-1301. [PMID: 36408074 PMCID: PMC9666612 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, the increasing applications of brain-computer interface (BCI) in rehabilitation programs have enhanced the chances of functional recovery for patients with neurological disorders. We presented and validated a BCI system with a lower-limb robot for short-term training of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The cores of this system included: (1) electroencephalogram (EEG) features related to motor intention reported through experiments and used to drive the robot; (2) a decision tree to determine the training mode provided for patients with different degrees of injuries. Seven SCI patients (one American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A, three AIS B, and three AIS C) participated in the short-term training with this system. All patients could learn to use the system rapidly and maintained a high intensity during the training program. The strength of the lower limb key muscles of the patients was improved. Four AIS A/B patients were elevated to AIS C. The cumulative results indicate that clinical application of the BCI system with lower-limb robot is feasible and safe, and has potentially positive effects on SCI patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09801-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sisi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xixi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangxiang Fu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaide Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijin Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Amyloid beta and its naturally occurring N-terminal variants are potent activators of human and mouse formyl peptide receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102642. [PMID: 36309087 PMCID: PMC9694488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) may contribute to inflammation in Alzheimer's disease through interactions with neuropathological Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Previous studies reported activation of FPR2 by Aβ1-42, but further investigation of other FPRs and Aβ variants is needed. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions of mouse and human FPRs with different physiologically relevant Aβ-peptides using transiently transfected cells in combination with calcium imaging. We observed that, in addition to hFPR2, all other hFPRs also responded to Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, and the naturally occurring variants Aβ11-40 and Aβ17-40. Notably, Aβ11-40 and Aβ17-40 are very potent activators of mouse and human FPR1, acting at nanomolar concentrations. Buffer composition and aggregation state are extremely crucial factors that critically affect the interaction of Aβ with different FPR subtypes. To investigate the physiological relevance of these findings, we examined the effects of Aβ11-40 and Aβ17-40 on the human glial cell line U87. Both peptides induced a strong calcium flux at concentrations that are very similar to those obtained in experiments for hFPR1 in HEK cells. Further immunocytochemistry, qPCR, and pharmacological experiments verified that these responses were primarily mediated through hFPR1. Chemotaxis experiments revealed that Aβ11-40 but not Aβ17-40 evoked cell migration, which argues for a functional selectivity of different Aβ peptides. Together, these findings provide the first evidence that not only hFPR2 but also hFPR1 and hFPR3 may contribute to neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease through an interaction with different Aβ variants.
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Zhao L, Hou C, Yan N. Neuroinflammation in retinitis pigmentosa: Therapies targeting the innate immune system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059947. [PMID: 36389729 PMCID: PMC9647059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an important cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and lacks effective treatment strategies. Although mutations are the primary cause of RP, research over the past decades has shown that neuroinflammation is an important cause of RP progression. Due to the abnormal activation of immunity, continuous sterile inflammation results in neuron loss and structural destruction. Therapies targeting inflammation have shown their potential to attenuate photoreceptor degeneration in preclinical models. Regardless of variations in genetic background, inflammatory modulation is emerging as an important role in the treatment of RP. We summarize the evidence for the role of inflammation in RP and mention therapeutic strategies where available, focusing on the modulation of innate immune signals, including TNFα signaling, TLR signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, chemokine signaling and JAK/STAT signaling. In addition, we describe epigenetic regulation, the gut microbiome and herbal agents as prospective treatment strategies for RP in recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Hou
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naihong Yan
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Naihong Yan,
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Malange KF, Navia-Pelaez JM, Dias EV, Lemes JBP, Choi SH, Dos Santos GG, Yaksh TL, Corr M. Macrophages and glial cells: Innate immune drivers of inflammatory arthritic pain perception from peripheral joints to the central nervous system. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:1018800. [PMID: 36387416 PMCID: PMC9644179 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1018800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from arthritis worldwide, consistently struggling with daily activities due to debilitating pain evoked by this disease. Perhaps the most intensively investigated type of inflammatory arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where, despite considerable advances in research and clinical management, gaps regarding the neuroimmune interactions that guide inflammation and chronic pain in this disease remain to be clarified. The pain and inflammation associated with arthritis are not isolated to the joints, and inflammatory mechanisms induced by different immune and glial cells in other tissues may affect the development of chronic pain that results from the disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art research on the roles that innate immune, and glial cells play in the onset and maintenance of arthritis-associated pain, reviewing nociceptive pathways from the joint through the dorsal root ganglion, spinal circuits, and different structures in the brain. We will focus on the cellular mechanisms related to neuroinflammation and pain, and treatments targeting these mechanisms from the periphery and the CNS. A comprehensive understanding of the role these cells play in peripheral inflammation and initiation of pain and the central pathways in the spinal cord and brain will facilitate identifying new targets and pathways to aide in developing therapeutic strategies to treat joint pain associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaue Franco Malange
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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Martínez-Gil N, Maneu V, Kutsyr O, Fernández-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Campello L, Lax P, Pinilla I, Cuenca N. Cellular and molecular alterations in neurons and glial cells in inherited retinal degeneration. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:984052. [PMID: 36225228 PMCID: PMC9548552 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.984052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple gene mutations have been associated with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). Despite the spectrum of phenotypes caused by the distinct mutations, IRDs display common physiopathology features. Cell death is accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. The vertebrate retina has several attributes that make this tissue vulnerable to oxidative and nitrosative imbalance. The high energy demands and active metabolism in retinal cells, as well as their continuous exposure to high oxygen levels and light-induced stress, reveal the importance of tightly regulated homeostatic processes to maintain retinal function, which are compromised in pathological conditions. In addition, the subsequent microglial activation and gliosis, which triggers the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, trophic factors, and other molecules, further worsen the degenerative process. As the disease evolves, retinal cells change their morphology and function. In disease stages where photoreceptors are lost, the remaining neurons of the retina to preserve their function seek out for new synaptic partners, which leads to a cascade of morphological alterations in retinal cells that results in a complete remodeling of the tissue. In this review, we describe important molecular and morphological changes in retinal cells that occur in response to oxidative stress and the inflammatory processes underlying IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Isabel Pinilla,
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Nicolás Cuenca,
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Samandar F, Tehranizadeh ZA, Saberi MR, Chamani J. CB1 as a novel target for Ginkgo biloba's terpene trilactone for controlling chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). J Mol Model 2022; 28:283. [PMID: 36044079 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents causes a common side effect known as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) that leads to reducing the quality of patient's life. This research involves the performance of molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies to explore the impact of terpenoids of Ginkgo biloba on the targets (CB-1, TLR4, FAAH-1, COX-1, COX-2) that can significantly affect the controlling of CIPN's symptoms. According to the in-vitro and in-vivo investigations, terpenoids, particularly ginkgolides B, A, and bilobalide, can cause significant effects on neuropathic pain. The molecular docking results disclosed the tendency of our ligands to interact with mainly CB1 and FAAH-1, as well as partly with TLR4, throughout their interactions with targets. Terpene trilactone can exhibit a lower rate of binding energy than CB1's inhibitor (7dy), while being precisely located in the CB1's active site and capable of inducing stable interactions by forming hydrogen bonds. The analyses of MD simulation proved that ginkgolide B was a more suitable activator and inhibitor for CB1 and TLR4, respectively, when compared to bilobalide and ginkgolide A. Moreover, bilobalide is capable of inhibiting FAAH-1 more effectively than the two other ligands. According to the analyses of ADME, every three ligands followed the Lipinski's rule of five. Considering these facts, the exertion of three ligands is recommended for their anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-nociception influences caused by primarily activating CB1 and inhibiting FAAH-1 and TLR4; in this regard, these compounds can stand as potential candidates for the control and treatment of CIPN's symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Samandar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amiri Tehranizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshidkhan Chamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Badran BW, Huffman SM, Dancy M, Austelle CW, Bikson M, Kautz SA, George MS. A pilot randomized controlled trial of supervised, at-home, self-administered transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) to manage long COVID symptoms. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:13. [PMID: 36002874 PMCID: PMC9402278 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-022-00094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has now impacted the world for over two years, the persistent secondary neuropsychiatric effects are still not fully understood. These “long COVID” symptoms, also referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), can persist for months after infection without any effective treatments. Long COVID involves a complex heterogenous symptomology and can lead to disability and limit work. Long COVID symptoms may be due to sustained inflammatory responses and prolonged immune response after infection. Interestingly, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may have anti-inflammatory effects, however, until recently, VNS could not be self-administered, at-home, noninvasively. Methods We created a double-blind, noninvasive transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) system that can be self-administered at home with simultaneous remote monitoring of physiological biomarkers and video supervision by study staff. Subsequently, we carried out a pilot (n = 13) randomized, sham-controlled, trial with this system for four weeks to treat nine predefined long covid symptoms (anxiety, depression, vertigo, anosmia, ageusia, headaches, fatigue, irritability, brain fog). No in-person patient contact was needed, with informed consent, trainings, ratings, and all procedures being conducted remotely during the pandemic (2020–2021) and equipment being shipped to individuals’ homes. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier: NCT04638673 registered November 20, 2020. Results Four-weeks of at-home self-administered taVNS (two, one-hour sessions daily, delivered at suprathreshold intensities) was feasible and safe. Although our trial was not powered to determine efficacy as an intervention in a heterogenous population, the trends in the data suggest taVNS may have a mild to moderate effect in reducing mental fatigue symptoms in a subset of individuals. Conclusions This innovative study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of supervised self-administered taVNS under a fully contactless protocol and suggests that future studies can safely investigate this novel form of brain stimulation at-home for a variety of neuropsychiatric and motor recovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar W Badran
- Neuro-X Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Sarah M Huffman
- Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Morgan Dancy
- Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christopher W Austelle
- Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Kautz
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Wang K, Zhou C, Li L, Dai C, Wang Z, Zhang W, Xu J, Zhu Y, Pan Z. Aucubin promotes bone-fracture healing via the dual effects of anti-oxidative damage and enhancing osteoblastogenesis of hBM-MSCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:424. [PMID: 35986345 PMCID: PMC9389815 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aucubin (AU), an iridoid glucoside isolated from many traditional herbal medicines, has anti-osteoporosis and anti-apoptosis bioactivities. However, the effect of AU on the treatment of bone-fracture remains unknown. In the present study, the aims were to investigate the roles and mechanisms of AU not only on osteoblastogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) and anti-oxidative stress injury in vitro, but also on bone-fracture regeneration by a rat tibial fracture model in vivo. Methods CCK-8 assay was used to assess the effect of AU on the viability and proliferation of hBM-MSCs. The expression of specific genes and proteins on osteogenesis, apoptosis and signaling pathways was measured by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. ALP staining and quantitative analysis were performed to evaluate ALP activity. ARS and quantitative analysis were performed to evaluate calcium deposition. DCFH-DA staining was used to assess the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A rat tibial fracture model was established to validate the therapeutic effect of AU in vivo. Micro-CT with quantitative analysis and histological evaluation were used to assess the therapeutic effect of AU locally injection at the fracture site. Results Our results revealed that AU did not affect the viability and proliferation of hBM-MSCs. Compared with control group, western blotting, PCR, ALP activity and calcium deposition proved that AU-treated groups promoted osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs. The ratio of phospho-Smad1/5/9 to total Smad also significantly increased after treatment of AU. AU-induced expression of BMP2 signaling target genes BMP2 and p-Smad1/5/9 as well as of osteogenic markers COL1A1 and RUNX2 was downregulated after treating with noggin and LDN193189. Furthermore, AU promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus and the expression level of HO1 and NQO1 after oxidative damage. In a rat tibial fracture model, local injection of AU promoted bone regeneration. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the dual effects of AU in not only promoting bone-fracture healing by regulating osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs partly via canonical BMP2/Smads signaling pathway but also suppressing oxidative stress damage partly via Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway.
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Rao X, Hua F, Zhang L, Lin Y, Fang P, Chen S, Ying J, Wang X. Dual roles of interleukin-33 in cognitive function by regulating central nervous system inflammation. J Transl Med 2022; 20:369. [PMID: 35974336 PMCID: PMC9382782 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of an aging society, the incidence of dementia is increasing, resulting in a vast burden on society. It is increasingly acknowledged that neuroinflammation is implicated in various neurological diseases with cognitive dysfunction such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and central nervous system infections. As an important neuroinflammatory factor, interleukin-33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in various tissues and cells in the mammalian brain, where it plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of central nervous system conditions. Reams of previous studies have shown that IL-33 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, playing dual roles in the progression of diseases linked to cognitive impairment by regulating the activation and polarization of immune cells, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. This article will summarize the current findings on the effects IL-33 exerts on cognitive function by regulating neuroinflammation, and attempt to explore possible therapeutic strategies for cognitive disorders based on the adverse and protective mechanisms of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lieliang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shoulin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Maurya SK, Baghel MS, Gaurav, Chaudhary V, Kaushik A, Gautam A. Putative role of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 mediated brain dysfunctions: a prospect. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-26. [PMID: 35934991 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the virus primarily damages the respiratory and cardiovascular systems after binding to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, it has the potential to affect all major organ systems, including the human nervous system. There are multiple clinical reports of anosmia, dizziness, headache, nausea, ageusia, encephalitis, demyelination, neuropathy, memory loss, and neurological complications in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Though the molecular mechanism of these brain dysfunctions during SARS-CoV-2 infection is elusive, the mitochondria seem to be an integral part of this pathogenesis. Emerging research findings suggest that the dysfunctional mitochondria and associated altered bioenergetics in the infected host cells lead to altered energy metabolism in the brain of Covid-19 patients. The interactome between viral proteins and mitochondrial proteins during Covid-19 pathogenesis also provides evidence for the involvement of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2-induced brain dysfunctions. The present review discusses the possible role of mitochondria in disturbing the SARS-CoV-2 mediated brain functions, with the potential to use this information to prevent and treat these impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghraj S Baghel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gaurav
- Department of Botany, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department ofEnvironmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Migliavacca J, Züllig B, Capdeville C, Grotzer MA, Baumgartner M. Cooperation of Striatin 3 and MAP4K4 promotes growth and tissue invasion. Commun Biol 2022; 5:795. [PMID: 35941177 PMCID: PMC9360036 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP4K4 is associated with increased motility and reduced proliferation in tumor cells, but the regulation of this dichotomous functionality remained elusive. We find that MAP4K4 interacts with striatin 3 and 4 (STRN3/4) and that STRN3 and MAP4K4 exert opposing functions in Hippo signaling and clonal growth. However, depletion of either STRN3 or MAP4K4 in medulloblastoma cells reduces invasion, and loss of both proteins abrogates tumor cell growth in the cerebellar tissue. Mechanistically, STRN3 couples MAP4K4 to the protein phosphatase 2A, which inactivates growth repressing activities of MAP4K4. In parallel, STRN3 enables growth factor-induced PKCθ activation and direct phosphorylation of VASPS157 by MAP4K4, which both are necessary for efficient cell invasion. VASPS157 directed activity of MAP4K4 and STRN3 requires the CNH domain of MAP4K4, which mediates its interaction with striatins. Thus, STRN3 is a master regulator of MAP4K4 function, and disruption of its cooperation with MAP4K4 reactivates Hippo signaling and represses tissue invasion in medulloblastoma. Analysis of the MAP4K4-STRN3 cooperation in medulloblastoma reveals its opposing regulation of Hippo activation and tissue invasion in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Migliavacca
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Buket Züllig
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Charles Capdeville
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Grotzer
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Baumgartner
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Liao S, Luo Y, Chunchai T, Singhanat K, Arunsak B, Benjanuwattra J, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. An apoptosis inhibitor suppresses microglial and astrocytic activation after cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:861-872. [PMID: 35655102 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglial hyperactivation and apoptosis were observed following myocardial infarction and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the apoptosis inhibitor, Z-VAD, attenuates microglial and astrocytic hyperactivation and brain inflammation in rats with cardiac I/R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were subjected to either sham or cardiac I/R operation (30 min-ischemia followed by 120-min reperfusion), rats in the cardiac I/R group were given either normal saline solution or Z-VAD at 3.3 mg/kg via intravenous injection 15 min prior to cardiac ischemia. Left ventricular ejection fraction (% LVEF) was determined during the cardiac I/R protocol. The brain tissues were removed and used to determine brain apoptosis, brain inflammation, microglial and astrocyte morphology. RESULTS Cardiac dysfunction was observed in rats with cardiac I/R injury as indicated by decreased %LVEF. In the brain, we found brain apoptosis, brain inflammation, microglia hyperactivation, and reactive astrogliosis occurred following cardiac I/R injury. Pretreatment with Z-VAD effectively increased %LVEF, reduced brain apoptosis, attenuated brain inflammation by decreasing IL-1β mRNA levels, suppressed microglial and astrocytic hyperactivation and proliferation after cardiac I/R injury. CONCLUSION Z-VAD exerts neuroprotective effects against cardiac I/R injury not only targeting apoptosis but also microglial and astrocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchan Liao
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ying Luo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kodchanan Singhanat
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Juthipong Benjanuwattra
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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49
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Jafari Fakhrabad M, Moshiri M, Ariakia F, Askari VR, Salmasi Z, Etemad L. Effect of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) on paraquat-induced brain injury in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:745-754. [PMID: 35949307 PMCID: PMC9320208 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64164.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of vit B12 on paraquat-induced neurotoxicity. Materials and Methods Thirty-six male mice were randomly divided into six groups. Three groups were treated intraperitoneally with paraquat (10 mg/kg) twice a week (with a 3-day interval) for 3 weeks. Normal saline, vit B12 (1 mg /kg), or vit C (50 mg/kg) was injected 30 min before paraquat administration. Other groups only received normal saline (control), vit B12, or vit C in the same protocol. Motor performance and coordination were assayed by challenging beam traversal, pole, open field, and rotarod tests. The hippocampus and serum samples were isolated to evaluate the oxidative stress (GSH and ROS), apoptosis (caspase 3), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β). Results Administration of paraquat leads to induction of motor deficits, which were improved by treatment with vit B12. In addition, vit B12 could prevent oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation caused by paraquat. Conclusion It seems that vit B12 could be a novel therapeutic agent in the management of paraquat induced-neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Jafari Fakhrabad
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Clinical Toxicology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ariakia
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Leila Etemad. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel/ Fax: +98-5137112611;
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50
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Chan JH, Chen HC, Chen IM, Wang TY, Chien YL, Wu SI, Kuo PH. Personality mediates the association between juvenile conduct problems and adulthood mood disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8866. [PMID: 35614306 PMCID: PMC9132998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between conduct problems and mood disorders, and to evaluate the mediating roles of personality traits in it. Adult participants (N = 309), for which patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), and controls without major psychiatric history were recruited. Juvenile conduct problem was defined by the items in Composite International Diagnosis Interview. We assessed personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple mediation model was performed to investigate the intervening effect of personality traits between juvenile conduct problems and adulthood mood disorders. Participants had on average 2.7 symptoms of conduct problems, and 43.4% had conduct problems. Having more symptoms of conduct problems was associated with a higher likelihood of BD (OR = 1.20). Higher neuroticism was associated with elevated risks of both MDD and BD. There was no direct effect of binary conduct problems on the risk of BD, and showed significant total indirect effect mediated by neuroticism for BD (OR = 1.49; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.10–2.05), but not through extraversion. Conduct problems defined as a continuous variable had a direct effect on the risk of adult MDD (OR = 1.36; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.05–1.76), while had an indirect effect on the risk of BD via the mediation of neuroticism (OR = 1.08; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.02–1.14). Neuroticism mediates between the association of juvenile conduct problems and adult BD. This finding raises our attention to assess personality traits in individuals with juvenile conduct problems for timely intervention strategies of reducing the vulnerability for developing mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hui Chan
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Room 501, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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