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Umbelino-Walker I, Wong F, Cassolato M, Pantelias A, Jacobson J, Kalume C. Integration of female genital schistosomiasis into HIV/sexual and reproductive health and rights and neglected tropical diseases programmes and services: a scoping review. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2023; 31:2262882. [PMID: 37850814 PMCID: PMC10586082 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2262882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) affects approximately 56 million women and girls across sub-Saharan Africa and is associated with up to a threefold increased prevalence of HIV. Integrating FGS with HIV programmes as part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services may be one of the most significant missed opportunities for preventing HIV incidence among girls and women. A search of studies published until October 2021 via Scopus and ProQuest was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to assess how FGS can be integrated into HIV/SRH and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) programmes and services. Data extraction included studies that integrated interventions and described the opportunities and challenges. A total of 334 studies were identified, with 22 eligible for analysis and summarised conducting a descriptive numerical analysis and qualitative review. We adapted a framework for integrated implementation of FGS, HIV, and HPV/cervical cancer to thematically organise the results, classifying them into five themes: awareness and community engagement, diagnosis, treatment, burden assessment, and economic evaluation. Most activities pertained to awareness and community engagement (n = 9), diagnosis (n = 9) and were primarily connected to HIV/AIDS (n = 8) and school-based services and programming (n = 8). The studies mainly described the opportunities and challenges for integration, rather than presenting results from implemented integration interventions, highlighting an evidence gap on FGS integration into HIV/SRH and NTD programmes. Investments are needed to realise the potential of FGS integration to address the burden of this neglected disease and improve HIV and SRH outcomes for millions of women and girls at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Wong
- Independent Consultant, Frontline AIDS, Worthing, UK
| | | | | | - Julie Jacobson
- Managing Partner, Co-Founder, Bridges to Development, Seattle, WA, USA
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Mathavan I, Liu LJ, Robinson SW, El-Sakkary N, Elatico AJJ, Gomez D, Nellas R, Owens RJ, Zuercher W, Navratilova I, Caffrey CR, Beis K. Identification of Inhibitors of the Schistosoma mansoni VKR2 Kinase Domain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1715-1722. [PMID: 36385939 PMCID: PMC9661718 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms. Current treatment relies on just one partially effective drug, praziquantel (PZQ). Schistosoma mansoni Venus Kinase Receptors 1 and 2 (SmVKR1 and SmVKR2) are important for parasite growth and egg production, and are potential targets for combating schistosomiasis. VKRs consist of an extracellular Venus Flytrap Module (VFTM) linked via a transmembrane helix to a kinase domain. Here, we initiated a drug discovery effort to inhibit the activity of the SmVKR2 kinase domain (SmVKR2KD) by screening the GSK published kinase inhibitor set 2 (PKIS2). We identified several inhibitors, of which four were able to inhibit its enzymatic activity and induced phenotypic changes in ex vivo S. mansoni. Our crystal structure of the SmVKR2KD displays an active-like state that sheds light on the activation process of VKRs. Our data provide a basis for the further exploration of SmVKR2 as a possible drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indran Mathavan
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at
Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence J. Liu
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sean W. Robinson
- Kinetic
Discovery Ltd., an Exscientia group company, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science
Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Nelly El-Sakkary
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Adam Jo J. Elatico
- Institute
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
| | - Darwin Gomez
- Institute
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
| | - Ricky Nellas
- Institute
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- The Rosalind
Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom,Division
of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - William Zuercher
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Iva Navratilova
- Kinetic
Discovery Ltd., an Exscientia group company, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science
Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States,E-mail:
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at
Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom,E-mail:
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Nemungadi TG, Kleppa E, van Dam GJ, Corstjens PLAM, Galappaththi-Arachchige HN, Pillay P, Gundersen SG, Vennervald BJ, Ndhlovu P, Taylor M, Naidoo S, Kjetland EF. Female Genital Schistosomiasis Lesions Explored Using Circulating Anodic Antigen as an Indicator for Live Schistosoma Worms. Front Trop Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.821463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn areas where reinfection with schistosomiasis is rampant, it is not known if the lesions of Female Genital Schistosomaisis are a consequence of live worms, or caused by dead ova. Live schistosome worms regurgitate Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA). We sought to explore the association between the different lesions of FGS (grainy sandy patches, homogenous yellow patches, rubbery papules and abnormal blood vessels) and the presence of live worms as indicated by S. haematobium-derived CAA in blood.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, rural high schools were randomly selected from Ilembe, uThungulu and Ugu Districts on the East Coast of South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Province. Serum samples for CAA analysis were collected from 246 female learners aged 16 - 23 years. Uncorrected chi-square and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the null hypothesis.ResultsCAA was positive in 82/246 (33%) of the participants. Sandy patches were found in 123 (50%) of the study population. Grainy sandy patches were significantly associated with CAA even after controlling for age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 4.2, 95% CI 2.3 - 7.9, p < 0.001). Likewise, abnormal blood vessels were associated with CAA (AOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5-4.5, p = 0.001) whereas homogenous yellow patches were not associated with CAA (p = 0.57). Rubbery papules were not found in this study population.ConclusionGrainy sandy patches and abnormal blood vessels are found more commonly in women who harbour live Schistosoma haematobium worms whilst homogenous yellow patches may indicate chronic tissue damage due to dead ova.
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Mejia JR, Quincho-Estares ÁJ, Flores-Rondon AJ, Reyes-Beltran G, Arias-Sulca IL, Palomino-Hilario E, Barrientos-Cochachi JE, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ. Determinants of adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle: a case-control study. Reprod Health 2021; 18:203. [PMID: 34641910 PMCID: PMC8507392 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent pregnancy carries a high risk of severe health issues for both the mother and the newborn. Worldwide, 21 million adolescents give birth every year, with high percentages in Latin America. Most of the risk factors are met in indigenous communities, which is an underrepresented and poorly studied population. We aimed to assess the determinants of adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle. Methods Through a case–control study, female adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old from seven indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle were interviewed. Adolescents with (cases) and with no (controls) pregnancy history, such as current pregnancy, children and abortion, fulfilled our eligible criteria. Our instrument explored: sociodemographic, adolescent and family characteristics, as well as perceptions of adolescent pregnancy. We performed a penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression analysis to obtain Odds Ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results We enrolled 34 cases and 107 controls. Overall, 53.9% were 15 to 19 years old. We found a significant association of being 15–19 years old (OR = 6.88, 95% CI 2.38–19.86, p < 0.0001) and an elementary school level of instruction (OR = 5.59, 95% CI 1.95–16.06, p = 0.001) with the risk of adolescent pregnancy. A marginal statistical significance between having five to six siblings and adolescent pregnancy was also reported (OR = 2.70, 95% CI 0.85–8.61, p = 0.094). Furthermore, adolescents with sexual and reproductive health communication with parents had a lower risk of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.47, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that public health and educational efforts should be age-specific focused within indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle, encouraging parents to talk about sexual and reproductive health topics with adolescents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01247-z. Worldwide, 21 million adolescents give birth every year, with high percentages in Latin America and rural areas. Indigenous communities are mainly located in rural areas and are exposed to multiple risk factors of adolescent pregnancy. We aimed to find the factors that have an influence on adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle. We conducted a case–control study identifying female indigenous adolescents from the Peruvian central jungle with or without pregnancy history. Our survey explored sociodemographic, adolescent and family characteristics, as well as perceptions of adolescent pregnancy. Being 15 to 19 years old, having an elementary educational level, and five to six siblings increased the risk of adolescent pregnancy. On the other hand, adolescents with sexual and reproductive health communication with parents had a lower risk of adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, eight out of ten adolescents opposed to sexual intercourse at an early age. Public health and educational efforts should be age-specific focused within indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle, encouraging parents to talk about sexual and reproductive health with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan R Mejia
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru.
| | - Ángel J Quincho-Estares
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Asstrid J Flores-Rondon
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Reyes-Beltran
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Irene L Arias-Sulca
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Estephanie Palomino-Hilario
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Carlos J Toro-Huamanchumo
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigación Para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
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Livingston M, Pillay P, Zulu SG, Sandvik L, Kvalsvig JD, Gagai S, Galappaththi-Arachchige HN, Kleppa E, Ndhlovu P, Vennervald B, Gundersen SG, Taylor M, Kjetland EF. Mapping Schistosoma haematobium for Novel Interventions against Female Genital Schistosomiasis and Associated HIV Risk in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:2055-2064. [PMID: 33939629 PMCID: PMC8176465 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) have been found to have genital symptoms and a three-fold higher risk of HIV infection. Despite WHO recommendations, regular antischistosomal mass drug administration (MDA) has not yet been implemented in South Africa possibly because of the lack of updated epidemiological data. To provide data for future prevention efforts against FGS and HIV, this study explored Schistosoma haematobium prevalence in girls and young women and the effects of antischistosomal MDA, respectively. Urinary schistosomiasis and genital symptoms were investigated in 70 randomly selected secondary schools in three districts within KwaZulu-Natal and 18 primary schools. All study participants were treated for schistosomiasis, and schools with the highest urinary prevalence were followed up after 1 and 4 years of MDA. At baseline, urine analysis data showed that most schools were within the moderate-risk prevalence category where biennial antischistosomal MDA is recommended, as per WHO guidelines. Young women had high prevalence of genital symptoms (36%) after correcting for sexually transmitted infections. These symptoms may be caused by infection with schistosomes. However, FGS cannot be diagnosed by urine analysis alone. In KwaZulu-Natal rural schools, this study suggests that antischistosomal MDA with praziquantel could prevent genital symptoms in more than 200,000 young women. Furthermore, it is feasible that more than 5,000 HIV infections could be prevented in adolescent girls and young women by treatment and prevention of FGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahala Livingston
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,2Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Pavitra Pillay
- 3Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Siphosenkosi Gift Zulu
- 4Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Leiv Sandvik
- 5Centre for Clinical Research, Ullevaal University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jane Dene Kvalsvig
- 4Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Silindile Gagai
- 4Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Elisabeth Kleppa
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Birgitte Vennervald
- 7Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svein Gunnar Gundersen
- 8Institute for Global Development and Planning, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Myra Taylor
- 4Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eyrun F Kjetland
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,4Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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6
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Mutero IT, Chimbari MJ. Consulting the Community on Strategies to Strengthen Social Capital for Community Disease Control. Int Q Community Health Educ 2021; 42:272684X211004939. [PMID: 33752543 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211004939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excluding communities in planning and implementing research maximizes internal risks that are otherwise visible and avoidable when there is adequate community consultation. Communities might not meaningfully use research results if majority of the researched people have minimal or no participation in information generation and dissemination. However, effective participation of researched communities in research is key to transferring knowledge to action. Using a qualitative approach, the study identified barriers to, and relevant strategies for improving health research uptake, particularly for schistosomiasis (commonly known as bilharzia) in the Ingwavuma area, uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Data was collected through modified ethnography using participant observation, focus group discussions, unstructured in-depth interviews, and ethnographic conversational interviews. Results reveal that research uptake is inhibited by reduced opportunities for habitual interaction between residents, a paucity of innovative and inclusive health education activities and unsafe recreational facilities. The community's strategies on strengthening social capital for disease control include using existing social systems and power hierarchies to mobilise and organise and using the performing arts to facilitate habitual interaction and knowledge sharing. The study recommends a community consultation flow which facilitates openness about the benefits and the community's role in research, a pre-condition for community wide efforts in local disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent T Mutero
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moses J Chimbari
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Medina‐Marino A, Daniels J, Bezuidenhout D, Peters R, Farirai T, Slabbert J, Guloba G, Johnson S, Bekker L, Nkhwashu N. Outcomes from a multimodal, at-scale community-based HIV counselling and testing programme in twelve high HIV burden districts in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25678. [PMID: 33709542 PMCID: PMC7952633 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facility-based HIV testing services (HTS) have been less acceptable and accessible by adolescents, men and key populations in South Africa. Community-based HIV counselling and testing (CBCT) modalities, including mobile unit and home-based testing, have been proposed to decrease barriers to HIV testing uptake. CBCT modalities and approaches may be differentially acceptable to men and women based on age. Implementation of multimodal CBCT services may improve HIV testing rates among adolescents and men, and support the roll-out of prevention services. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using aggregate, routine programmatic data collected from 1 October 2015 through 31 March 2017 from a multimodal, at-scale CBCT programme implemented in 12 high-burden districts throughout South Africa. Data collection tools were aligned to reporting standards for the National Department of Health and donor requirements. HIV testing rates (i.e. number of tests performed per 100,000 population using South African census data) and testing proportions by modality were stratified by sex, age groups and heath districts. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA 13.0. RESULTS Overall, 944,487 tests were performed during the 1.5-year testing period reported. More tests were conducted among females than males (53.6% vs. 46.4%). Overall, 8206 tests per 100,000 population (95% CI: 8190.2 to 8221.9) were performed; female-to-male (F:M) testing ratio was 1.11. Testing rates were highest among young women age 20 to 24 years (16,328.4; 95% CI: 16,237.9 to 16,419.1) and adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years (12,817.0; 95% CI: 12,727.9 to 12,906.6). Home-based testing accounted for 61.3% of HIV tests, followed by near-home mobile unit testing (30.2%) and workplace mobile unit testing (4.7%). More women received HTS via home-based testing (F:M ratio = 1.29), whereas more men accessed work-place mobile testing (M:F ratio = 1.35). No sex differential was observed among those accessing near-home mobile testing (F:M ratio = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Concurrent implementation of multiple, targeted CBCT modalities can reduce sex disparities in HIV testing in South Africa. Given the acceptability and accessibility of these CBCT services to adolescent girls and young women, evident from their high testing rates, leveraging community-based services delivery platforms to increase access to HIV prevention services, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Medina‐Marino
- Research UnitFoundation for Professional DevelopmentEast LondonSouth Africa
- The Desmond Tutu HIV CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Joseph Daniels
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorsCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and ScienceLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Dana Bezuidenhout
- Research UnitFoundation for Professional DevelopmentEast LondonSouth Africa
| | - Remco Peters
- Research UnitFoundation for Professional DevelopmentEast LondonSouth Africa
| | - Thato Farirai
- Community‐based HIV Counselling and Testing ProgramFoundation for Professional DevelopmentPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Jean Slabbert
- Community‐based HIV Counselling and Testing ProgramFoundation for Professional DevelopmentPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Geoffrey Guloba
- Community‐based HIV Counselling and Testing ProgramFoundation for Professional DevelopmentPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Suzanne Johnson
- Community‐based HIV Counselling and Testing ProgramFoundation for Professional DevelopmentPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Linda‐Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Nkhensani Nkhwashu
- Community‐based HIV Counselling and Testing ProgramFoundation for Professional DevelopmentPretoriaSouth Africa
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Chen S, Suzuki BM, Dohrmann J, Singh R, Arkin MR, Caffrey CR. A multi-dimensional, time-lapse, high content screening platform applied to schistosomiasis drug discovery. Commun Biol 2020; 3:747. [PMID: 33349640 PMCID: PMC7752906 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of the world's population is at risk of schistosomiasis, a disease of poverty caused by the Schistosoma parasite. To facilitate drug discovery for this complex flatworm, we developed an automated high-content screen to quantify the multidimensional responses of Schistosoma mansoni post-infective larvae (somules) to chemical insult. We describe an integrated platform to process worms at scale, collect time-lapsed, bright-field images, segment highly variable and touching worms, and then store, visualize, and query dynamic phenotypes. To demonstrate the methodology, we treated somules with seven drugs that generated diverse responses and evaluated 45 static and kinetic response descriptors relative to concentration and time. For compound screening, we used the Mahalanobis distance to compare multidimensional phenotypic effects induced by 1323 approved drugs. Overall, we characterize both known anti-schistosomals and identify new bioactives. Apart from facilitating drug discovery, the multidimensional quantification provided by this platform will allow mapping of chemistry to phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Brian M Suzuki
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jakob Dohrmann
- Department of Computer Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Computer Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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9
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Bengu MD, Dorsamy V, Moodley J. Schistosomiasis infections in South African pregnant women: A review. S Afr J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v35i1.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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