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Mendoza K, Villalobos-Daniel VE, Jáuregui A, Valero-Morales I, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Zacarías-Alejandro N, Alarcon-Guevara RO, Barquera S. Development of a crowdsourcing- and gamification-based mobile application to collect epidemiological information and promote healthy lifestyles in Mexico. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6174. [PMID: 38486091 PMCID: PMC10940696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a mobile application to promote healthy lifestyles and collect non-communicable disease (NCD) data in Mexico. Its theoretical foundations are supported by a framework-guided literature review. With design sprints, Scrum, Model-View-Controller, and Representational State Transfer architecture, we operationalized evidence-based nutrition/physical activity information into a crowdsourcing- and gamification-based application. The application was piloted for three months to monitor the response of 520 adults. Potential improvements were characterized, considering benchmarking, expert guidance, and standards. Salud Activa (English: Active Health) has two crowdsourcing modules: Nutritional scanner, scanning products' bar codes, providing nutritional data, and allowing new product registry feeding our databases; Surveys, comprising gradually-released NCD questions. Three intervention modules were generated: Drinks diary, a beverage assessment component to receive hydration recommendations; Step counter, monitoring users' steps via Google Fit/Health-iOS; Metabolic Avatar, interconnecting modules and changing as a function of beverage and step records. The 3-month median of Salud Activa use was seven days (IQR = 3-12), up to 35% of participants completed a Survey section, and 157 food products were registered through Nutritional scanner. Better customization might benefit usability and user engagement. Quantitative and qualitative data will enhance Salud Activa's design, user uptake, and efficacy in interventions delivered through this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Mendoza
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Víctor Eduardo Villalobos-Daniel
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Isabel Valero-Morales
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Omar Alarcon-Guevara
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Robi DT, Bogale A, Temteme S, Aleme M, Urge B. Using participatory epidemiology to investigate the causes of cattle abortion in Southwest Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25726. [PMID: 38390138 PMCID: PMC10881556 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle abortion, stemming from both infectious and non-infectious causes, lead to notable financial setbacks in the cattle industry. Between October 2020 and October 2021, an epidemiological investigation took place in Southwest Ethiopia. The objective was to determine the magnitude and seasonal occurrence of the presumed causes of cattle abortion. Information for this research was collected through 30 group discussions, each involving 8-12 participants. Various participatory epidemiological tools, including semi-structured interviews, pairwise ranking, matrix scoring, proportional piling, and seasonal calendars, were employed in the designated areas. By employing the pairwise ranking approach, the relative significance of presumed causes contributing to cattle abortion was established. The identified major presumed causes of cattle abortion, listed in increasing order of importance, were blackleg, foot-and-mouth disease, pasteurellosis, lumpy skin disease, listeriosis, trypanosomosis, Q fever, leptospirosis, and brucellosis. Participants identified brucellosis (6.1%), leptospirosis (6.0%), and Q-fever (5.7%) as the primary presumed causes of abortion, determined through proportional piling. Matrix scoring analysis indicated a robust agreement (W = 0.464-0.989; P < 0.001) among different informant groups regarding both the presumed causes of abortion and the associated clinical signs. Brucellosis and Q-fever were perceived to be more prevalent during the dry season, while leptospirosis, listeriosis, and lumpy skin disease were associated with the wet, hot, and rainy seasons. However, Pasteurellosis, blackleg, and physical/mechanical factors were deemed to be consistently encountered causes of abortion throughout the year. The patterns of seasonal occurrence of suspected abortion causes were widely acknowledged across informant groups (W = 0.977-0.863; P < 0.001). Local practices involving herbal remedies and traditional methods were employed by participants to manage cattle abortion. Moreover, the results underscore the necessity for additional laboratory research to pinpoint the exact causes of abortion in the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tulu Robi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box: 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Ararsa Bogale
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 2003, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Temteme
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box: 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Aleme
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box: 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Beksisa Urge
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 2003, Holeta, Ethiopia
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Oruganti P, Root E, Ndlovu V, Mbhungele P, Van Wyk I, Berrian AM. Gender and zoonotic pathogen exposure pathways in a resource-limited community, Mpumalanga, South Africa: A qualitative analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001167. [PMID: 37276220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Mnisi community is a livestock-dependent community neighboring the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in South Africa. Here, zoonotic pathogens contribute to as many as 77% of cases of acute febrile illness. Previous gender-disaggregated analysis in the community has shown that men and women have different risks of zoonotic illness, suggesting that exposure routes for zoonotic infections should be further explored to inform gender-sensitive risk mitigation strategies. Using a One Health approach and ethnographic methodology, we examined interactions between community residents, domestic animals, and the built and natural environment to investigate potential exposure pathways for zoonotic infections from a gendered perspective. We combined data from direct household observations and focus group discussions on previously identified gendered tasks such as domestic animal care, water collection, and food preparation, and how and by whom these tasks were performed. We noted gender differences for household tasks, animal care duties, and environmental exposure. Both men and women access grazing land but for different tasks (water collection-females, cattle grazing-males), and both men and women experience more time in the bush in recent years due to decreased water availability. From observations, it was noted that men wore covered protective work clothes (such as long trousers and closed-toe shoes) more commonly than women did; women did not often wear these for household duties including water collection in the bush. We recommend that these gender-typed roles serve as critical control points for zoonotic pathogen exposure. For example, tick-bite exposure prevention should be directed at both men and women based on their daily activities, but prevention in men should target exposure from cattle and prevention in women should focus on personal protective measures during water and firewood collection. These findings can contribute to a more detailed understanding of the role of human behavior and critical control points for zoonotic disease-a significant contributor to acute febrile illness in this rural, resource-limited setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Oruganti
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Root
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Amanda M Berrian
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Adebisi YA. Decolonizing Epidemiological Research: A Critical Perspective. Avicenna J Med 2023; 13:68-76. [PMID: 37435557 PMCID: PMC10332938 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decolonizing epidemiological research is a crucial endeavor. Historically, colonial and imperialistic ideologies have pervaded epidemiology, leading to an emphasis on Western perspectives and the neglect of indigenous and other marginalized communities' needs and experiences. To effectively address health disparities and promote justice and equality, acknowledging and addressing these power imbalances are imperative. In this article, I highlight the need of decolonizing epidemiological research and make recommendations. These include increasing the representation of researchers from underrepresented communities, ensuring that epidemiological research is contextually relevant and responsive to the experiences of these communities, and collaborating with policymakers and advocacy groups to inform policies and practices that benefit all populations. Moreover, I underscore the importance of recognizing and valuing the knowledge and skills of marginalized populations, and integrating traditional knowledge-the distinct, culturally specific understanding unique to a particular group-into research efforts. I also emphasize the need of capacity building and equitable research collaborations and authorship as well as epidemiological journal editorship. Decolonizing epidemiology research is a continual process that requires continuing discourse, collaboration, and education.
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Houghton LC, Paniagua-Avila A. Why and How Epidemiologists Should Use Mixed Methods. Epidemiology 2023; 34:175-185. [PMID: 36722799 PMCID: PMC9891266 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The field of epidemiology's current focus on causal inference follows a quantitative approach and limits research questions to those that are strictly quantifiable. How can epidemiologists study biosociocultural public health problems that they cannot easily quantify? The mixed-methods approach offers a possible solution by incorporating qualitative sociocultural factors as well as the perspective and context from the population under study into quantitative studies. After a pluralist perspective of causal inference, this article provides a guide for epidemiologists interested in applying mixed methods to their observational studies of causal identification and explanation. We begin by reviewing the current paradigms guiding quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies. We then describe applications of convergent and sequential mixed-methods designs to epidemiologic concepts including confounding, mediation, effect modification, measurement, and selection bias. We provide concrete examples of how epidemiologists can use mixed methods to answer research questions of complex bio-socio-cultural health outcomes. We also include a case study of using mixed methods in an observational study design. We describe how mixed methods can enhance how epidemiologists define underlying causal structures. Our alignment of mixed-methods study designs with epidemiologic concepts addresses a major gap in current epidemiology education- how do epidemiologists systematically determine what goes into causal structures?
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Houghton
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Alejandra Paniagua-Avila
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
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Banks E, Haynes A, Lovett R, Yadav UN, Agostino J. Output-orientated policy engagement: a model for advancing the use of epidemiological evidence in health policy. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:6. [PMID: 36647155 PMCID: PMC9843894 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of epidemiological research in policy and practice is suboptimal, contributing to significant preventable morbidity and mortality. Barriers to the use of research evidence in policy include lack of research-policy engagement, lack of policy-relevant research, differences in policymaker and researcher practice norms, time constraints, difficulties in coordination, and divergent languages and reward systems. APPROACH AND OUTCOMES In order to increase policy-relevant research and research uptake, we developed the output-orientated policy engagement (OOPE) model, in Australia. It integrates a foundational approach to engagement with cycles of specific activity focused around selected research outputs. Foundational elements include measures to increase recognition and valuing of policymaker expertise, emphasis on policy uptake, policy awareness of the research group's work, regular policy engagement and policy-relevant capacity-building. Specific activities include (i) identification of an "output"-usually at draft stage-and program of work which are likely to be of interest to policymakers; (ii) initial engagement focusing on sharing "preview" evidence from this output, with an invitation to provide input into this and to advise on the broader program of work; and (iii) if there is sufficient interest, formation of a researcher-policy-maker partnership to shape and release the output, as well as inform the program of work. This cycle is repeated as the relationship continues and is deepened. As well as supporting policy-informed evidence generation and research-aware policymakers, the output-orientated model has been found to be beneficial in fostering the following: a pragmatic starting place for researchers, in often large and complex policy environments; purposeful and specific engagement, encouraging shared expectations; non-transactional engagement around common evidence needs, whereby researchers are not meeting with policymakers with the expectation of receiving funding; built-in translation; time and resource efficiency; relationship-building; mutual learning; policy-invested researchers and research-invested policy-makers; and tangible policy impacts. A case study outlines how the output-orientated approach supported researcher-policymaker collaboration to generate new evidence regarding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular disease risk and to apply this to national guidelines. CONCLUSION Output-orientated policy engagement provides a potentially useful pragmatic model to catalyse and support partnerships between researchers and policymakers, to increase the policy-relevance and application of epidemiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Banks
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Abby Haynes
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XInstitute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ray Lovett
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Jason Agostino
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU, Canberra, ACT Australia ,National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, Canberra, ACT Australia
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Martínez-Hernáez Á, Bekele D. Structural competency in epidemiological research: What's feasible, what's tricky, and the benefits of a 'structural turn'. Glob Public Health 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36609203 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2164903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural competency is an emerging paradigm for both the training of health professionals and the creation of a common language addressing structural processes that determine health disparities. However, its application to the field of epidemiological design and research is absent. Based on our previous proposal of a tool for Structural and Intercultural Competency in Epidemiological Studies, the SICES guidelines, in this article we analyse the possibilities and challenges of a 'structural turn' in epidemiology. In terms of possibilities, we recognise the value of paradigms from multiple parts of the world, such as social and sociocultural epidemiology, critical epidemiology and collective health, in facilitating a structural turn in epidemiological studies. In this framework, structural competency would provide a new angle by focusing not only on what to research (e.g. inequalities), but with what skills and attitudes (e.g. cultural and epistemic humility). The challenges lie in the inclusion of reflexivity and a comprehensive view in the context of a positivist epidemiology oriented towards obtaining evidence from a biomedical, but not social, perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Bekele
- Medical Anthropology Research Centre, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Koschollek C, Kajikhina K, Bartig S, Zeisler ML, Schmich P, Gößwald A, Rommel A, Ziese T, Hövener C. Results and Strategies for a Diversity-Oriented Public Health Monitoring in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:798. [PMID: 35055619 PMCID: PMC8775825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Germany is a country of immigration; 27% of the population are people with a migration background (PMB). As other countries, Germany faces difficulties in adequately including hard-to-survey populations like PMB into national public health monitoring. The IMIRA project was initiated to develop strategies to adequately include PMB into public health monitoring and to represent diversity in public health reporting. Here, we aim to synthesize the lessons learned for diversity-oriented public health monitoring and reporting in Germany. We also aim to derive recommendations for further research on migration and health. We conducted two feasibility studies (interview and examination surveys) to improve the inclusion of PMB. Study materials were developed in focus groups with PMB. A systematic review investigated the usability of the concept of acculturation. A scoping review was conducted on discrimination as a health determinant. Furthermore, core indicators were defined for public health reporting on PMB. The translated questionnaires were well accepted among the different migrant groups. Home visits increased the participation of hard-to-survey populations. In examination surveys, multilingual explanation videos and video-interpretation services were effective. Instead of using the concept of acculturation, we derived several dimensions to capture the effects of migration status on health, which were more differentiated. We also developed an instrument to measure subjectively perceived discrimination. For future public health reporting, a set of 25 core indicators was defined to report on the health of PMB. A diversity-oriented public health monitoring should include the following: (1) multilingual, diversity-sensitive materials, and tools; (2) different modes of administration; (3) diversity-sensitive concepts; (4) increase the participation of PMB; and (5) continuous public health reporting, including constant reflection and development of concepts and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Koschollek
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.K.); (S.B.); (M.-L.Z.); (P.S.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (T.Z.); (C.H.)
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Leal-Neto O, Egger T, Schlegel M, Flury D, Sumer J, Albrich W, Babouee Flury B, Kuster S, Vernazza P, Kahlert C, Kohler P. Digital SARS-CoV-2 Detection Among Hospital Employees: Participatory Surveillance Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e33576. [PMID: 34727046 PMCID: PMC8610449 DOI: 10.2196/33576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation of novel techniques as a complement to traditional disease surveillance systems represents an additional opportunity for rapid analysis. Objective The objective of this work is to describe a web-based participatory surveillance strategy among health care workers (HCWs) in two Swiss hospitals during the first wave of COVID-19. Methods A prospective cohort of HCWs was recruited in March 2020 at the Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen and the Eastern Switzerland Children’s Hospital. For data analysis, we used a combination of the following techniques: locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) regression, Spearman correlation, anomaly detection, and random forest. Results From March 23 to August 23, 2020, a total of 127,684 SMS text messages were sent, generating 90,414 valid reports among 1004 participants, achieving a weekly average of 4.5 (SD 1.9) reports per user. The symptom showing the strongest correlation with a positive polymerase chain reaction test result was loss of taste. Symptoms like red eyes or a runny nose were negatively associated with a positive test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed favorable performance of the classification tree, with an accuracy of 88% for the training data and 89% for the test data. Nevertheless, while the prediction matrix showed good specificity (80.0%), sensitivity was low (10.6%). Conclusions Loss of taste was the symptom that was most aligned with COVID-19 activity at the population level. At the individual level—using machine learning–based random forest classification—reporting loss of taste and limb/muscle pain as well as the absence of runny nose and red eyes were the best predictors of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onicio Leal-Neto
- Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Egger
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schlegel
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Domenica Flury
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sumer
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner Albrich
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Baharak Babouee Flury
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,Medical Research Center, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Pietro Vernazza
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kahlert
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
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Hayward A, Wodtke L, Craft A, Robin T, Smylie J, McConkey S, Nychuk A, Healy C, Star L, Cidro J. Addressing the need for indigenous and decolonized quantitative research methods in Canada. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100899. [PMID: 34584930 PMCID: PMC8455856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Though qualitative methods are often an appropriate Indigenous methodology and have dominated the literature on Indigenous research methods, they are not the only methods available for health research. There is a need for decolonizing and Indigenizing quantitative research methods, particularly in the discipline of epidemiology, to better address the public health needs of Indigenous populations who continue to face health inequities because of colonial systems, as well as inaccurate and incomplete data collection about themselves. For the last two decades, researchers in colonized countries have been calling for a specifically Indigenous approach to epidemiology that recognizes the limits of Western epidemiological methods, incorporates more Indigenous research methodologies and community-based participatory research methods, builds capacity by training more Indigenous epidemiologists, and supports Indigenous self-determination. Indigenous epidemiology can include a variety of approaches, including: shifting standards, such as age standardization, according to Indigenous populations to give appropriate weight to their experiences; carefully setting recruitment targets and using appropriate recruitment methods to fulfill statistical standards for stratification; acting as a bridge between Indigenous and Western technoscientific perspectives; developing culturally appropriate data collection tools; and developing distinct epidemiological methods based on Indigenous knowledge systems. This paper explores how decolonization and Indigenization of epidemiology has been operationalized in recent Canadian studies and projects, including the First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey and how this decolonization and Indigenization might be augmented with the capacity-building of the future Our Health Counts Applied Indigenous Epidemiology, Health Information, and Health Services and Program Evaluation Training and Mentorship Program in Canada.
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Key Words
- CBPR, community-based participatory research
- CIHR, Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Capacity-building
- Community-based participatory research
- Decolonized
- Epidemiology
- FNIGC, First Nations Information Governance Centre
- FNIM, First Nations Inuit and Métis
- ISC, Indigenous Services of Canada
- Indigenous research methods
- NEIHR, Network Environments for Indigenous Health Research
- OHC-NET, Our Health Counts Applied Indigenous Epidemiology, Health Information and Health Services and Program Evaluation Training and Mentorship Program
- PAHO, Pan American Health Organization
- Quantitative methods
- RHS, The First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey
- TEC, Tribal Epidemiology Centers
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hayward
- University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Larissa Wodtke
- University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Aimée Craft
- University of Ottawa, 57 Louis Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tabitha Robin
- University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Janet Smylie
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions (C-UHS), St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Stephanie McConkey
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions (C-UHS), St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Alexandra Nychuk
- University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Chyloe Healy
- Blackfoot Confederacy, 820 59th Ave S.E., Unit 100, Calgary, AB, T2H 2G5, Canada
| | - Leona Star
- First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, 74-360 Kernaghan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2C 5G1, Canada
| | - Jaime Cidro
- University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
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Jeanjean M, Lees J, Allen BL, Cohen AK. Interdisciplinary community-based participatory health research across the industrial region of the Étang de Berre : The EPSEAL Fos Crau study. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:297-305. [PMID: 34256985 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a community-based participatory environmental health study in three towns: two in the heart of Marseille's industrial zone (Fos-sur-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône), and one on the periphery located about 30 km away (Saint-Martin-de-Crau). METHODS We first conducted a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of residents in each of the three towns. We asked study participants to self-report a wide variety of health issues (Port-Saint-Louis: n = 272, Fos-sur-Mer: n = 543, Saint-Martin-de-Crau: n = 439). We then conducted focus groups with residents and other stakeholders to share preliminary data in order to propose areas of reflection and collaboratively produce contextually-situated knowledge of their health and environment. We directly standardized the prevalences (by age and gender) to the French metropolitan population to make our results more comparable. RESULTS Study participants who lived closer to the core industrial zone (residents of Fos-sur-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhone) had higher prevalences of eye irritation, nose and throat problems, chronic skin problems and headaches than people who lived further away (residents of Saint-Martin-de-Crau). Residents also offered diverse qualitative insights about their environment and health experiences. DISCUSSION We observed elevated prevalences of diseases that affected residents across the industrial zone (Fos-sur-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône) compared to those living outside (Saint-Martin-de-Crau), and qualitative evidence of how residents made sense of their health experiences strengthening an understanding of their own empirical observations which helps to produce knowledge about health in an industrial context. The results of the workshops show an important benefit from the co-production of local knowledge. CONCLUSION We encourage future researchers to do in-depth, community-based research to comprehensively describe the health of residents in other heavily polluted zones, product local knowledge and to help identify policy solutions, engender trust among the local people, and identify opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jeanjean
- Centre Norbert Elias (UMR 85 62), Laboratoire de sciences sociales appliquées, Marseille, France and Institut écocitoyen, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Johanna Lees
- Centre Norbert Elias (UMR 85 62), Laboratoire de sciences sociales appliquées, Marseille, France
| | - Barbara L Allen
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, Virginia Tech University-National Capital Region, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Alison K Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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12
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Wright MT. [Participatory health research: origins and current trends]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 64:140-145. [PMID: 33336312 PMCID: PMC7843534 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Partizipative Gesundheitsforschung (PGF) wird international – und seit einigen Jahren auch in Deutschland – zunehmend als Möglichkeit wahrgenommen, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu erzeugen, die unmittelbar zur Verbesserung von Gesundheitschancen für sozial benachteiligte Bevölkerungsgruppen beitragen. Zentrales Merkmal der PGF ist die direkte Beteiligung der Menschen am Forschungsprozess, deren Arbeits- oder Lebensverhältnisse Gegenstand der Forschung sind. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Ursprünge, Grundlagen und aktuelle Entwicklungen der PGF. Wissenschaftliche Literatur aus der internationalen Diskussion um die PGF wird im Sinne eines narrativen Reviews rezipiert, der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Überblicksarbeiten und Publikationen der International Collaboration for Participatory Health Research. Das Review ergibt, dass eine wachsende Anzahl von Forschenden im Gesundheitsbereich partizipativ arbeitet. Es ist auch deutlich erkennbar, dass ein eigenständiger wissenschaftlicher Diskurs und diverse Vereinigungen partizipativ Forschender sich in vielen Ländern etabliert haben. Folgende aktuelle internationale Entwicklungen sind hervorzuheben: Konsolidierung und Vernetzung, Klärung der Frage, was Partizipation in der Forschung bedeutet, Evaluation der Auswirkungen und des Mehrwerts der PGF, Weiterentwicklung der PGF in spezifischen Anwendungsbereichen und die Klärung ethischer Fragen in der PGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Wright
- Katholische Hochschule für Sozialwesen Berlin (KHSB), Köpenicker Allee 39-57, 10318, Berlin, Deutschland.
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13
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Gross-Hemmi MH, Gemperli A, Fekete C, Brach M, Schwegler U, Stucki G. Methodology and study population of the second Swiss national community survey of functioning after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2020; 59:363-372. [PMID: 33204031 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-00584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study of the second community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (Survey 2017) conducted between 03/2017 and 03/2018. OBJECTIVES To describe the methodology, recruitment results, characteristics of participants and non-participants, and non-response of the Survey 2017. SETTING Community. METHODS Description of the sampling strategy and sampling frame. Recruitment results and characteristics of participants and non-participants of the two Survey 2017 questionnaire modules were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Determinants of survey participation were examined using multivariable logistic regression, and the impact of non-response bias on survey results was evaluated using inverse-probability weighting. RESULTS Out of 3959 persons who met the eligibility criteria, 1530 responded to module 1 (response rate 38.6%) and 1294 to module 2 (response rate 32.7%) of the Survey 2017. Of the 4493 invited persons, 1549 had participated in the first SwiSCI community survey conducted in 2012/2013. Of these, 1332 were invited to the Survey 2017 and 761 participated in module 1 (response rate 58.9%) and 685 in module 2 (response rate 53.1%). The majority of module 1 participants were male (71.2%, 95% CI: 68.9, 73.5), with a median age of 57 (IQR: 46.0, 67.0) years and incomplete paraplegia (41.9%, 95% CI: 39.3, 44.5). Survey non-response was higher in the oldest age group, among females, and those with tetraplegia. CONCLUSIONS The design of the Survey 2017 was successful in recruiting a substantial proportion of the SCI source population in Switzerland. To counteract survey non-response, survey weights may be applied to subsequent analyses. SPONSORSHIP none.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Gemperli
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fekete
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Brach
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Urban Schwegler
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Gerold Stucki
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Center for Rehabilitation in Global Health Systems, WHO Collaborating Center, Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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14
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Alders RG, Ali SN, Ameri AA, Bagnol B, Cooper TL, Gozali A, Hidayat MM, Rukambile E, Wong JT, Catley A. Participatory Epidemiology: Principles, Practice, Utility, and Lessons Learnt. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:532763. [PMID: 33330678 PMCID: PMC7672004 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.532763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Participatory epidemiology (PE) evolved as a branch of veterinary epidemiology and has been largely employed for the control and early warning of infectious diseases within resource-limited settings. It was originally based on combining practitioner communication skills with participatory methods to facilitate the involvement of animal caretakers and owners (embracing their knowledge, experience, and motivations) in the identification and assessment of animal disease problems, including in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of disease control programs, policies, and strategies. With the importance of understanding social perceptions and drivers receiving increasing recognition by epidemiologists, PE tools are being adapted for an increasingly wide range of settings and endeavors. More recently, PE tools have been adapted for use in food and nutrition security programs, One Health activities, wildlife disease surveillance and as part of mixed-methods research across a range of socio-economic settings. This review describes the evolution of PE (in relation to veterinary epidemiology and briefly in relation to public health epidemiology), the underpinning philosophy and principles essential to its effective application and the importance of gender-sensitive approaches and data triangulation, including conventional confirmatory testing. The article also provides illustrative examples highlighting the diversity of approaches and applications of PE, hallmarks of successful PE initiatives and the lessons we can learn when these are missing. Finally, we look forward, describing the particular utility of PE for dealing with emerging infectious diseases, gaining attention of field-level cross-sector officials who can escalate concerns to a higher level and for continuing to raise the voices of those less-heard (such as women, minority groups, and remote communities with limited exposure to formal education) in defining the problems and planning activities that will likely impact directly on their well-being and livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn G Alders
- Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Kyeema Foundation, Maputo, Mozambique.,Center for Universal Health, Chatham House, London, United Kingdom.,Development Policy Center, Australian National University, Canberra, NSW, Australia.,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Animal Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Syed Noman Ali
- Livestock Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Brigitte Bagnol
- Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Kyeema Foundation, Maputo, Mozambique.,Department of Anthropology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tarni L Cooper
- Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Centre for Communication and Social Change, School of Communication and Arts, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ahmad Gozali
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Animal Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M M Hidayat
- Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elpidius Rukambile
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Johanna T Wong
- Center for Universal Health, Chatham House, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Catley
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Feinstein International Center, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Borda A, Gray K, Fu Y. Research data management in health and biomedical citizen science: practices and prospects. JAMIA Open 2020; 3:113-125. [PMID: 32607493 PMCID: PMC7309241 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public engagement in health and biomedical research is being influenced by the paradigm of citizen science. However, conventional health and biomedical research relies on sophisticated research data management tools and methods. Considering these, what contribution can citizen science make in this field of research? How can it follow research protocols and produce reliable results? Objective The aim of this article is to analyze research data management practices in existing biomedical citizen science studies, so as to provide insights for members of the public and of the research community considering this approach to research. Methods A scoping review was conducted on this topic to determine data management characteristics of health and bio medical citizen science research. From this review and related web searching, we chose five online platforms and a specific research project associated with each, to understand their research data management approaches and enablers. Results Health and biomedical citizen science platforms and projects are diverse in terms of types of work with data and data management activities that in themselves may have scientific merit. However, consistent approaches in the use of research data management models or practices seem lacking, or at least are not prevalent in the review. Conclusions There is potential for important data collection and analysis activities to be opaque or irreproducible in health and biomedical citizen science initiatives without the implementation of a research data management model that is transparent and accessible to team members and to external audiences. This situation might be improved with participatory development of standards that can be applied to diverse projects and platforms, across the research data life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Borda
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathleen Gray
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuqing Fu
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Hoekstra F, Mrklas KJ, Khan M, McKay RC, Vis-Dunbar M, Sibley KM, Nguyen T, Graham ID, Gainforth HL. A review of reviews on principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts of research partnerships approaches: a first step in synthesising the research partnership literature. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:51. [PMID: 32450919 PMCID: PMC7249434 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-0544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conducting research in partnership with stakeholders (e.g. policy-makers, practitioners, organisations, patients) is a promising and popular approach to improving the implementation of research findings in policy and practice. This study aimed to identify the principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts reported in different types of reviews of research partnerships in order to obtain a better understanding of the scope of the research partnership literature. Methods This review of reviews is part of a Coordinated Multicenter Team approach to synthesise the research partnership literature with five conceptually linked literature reviews. The main research question was ‘What principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts are reported in different types of research partnership approaches?’. We included articles describing a literature review of research partnerships using a systematic search strategy. We used an adapted version of the Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool to assess quality. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2018. Principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts were extracted from the included reviews and analysed using direct content analysis. Results We included 86 reviews using terms describing several research partnership approaches (e.g. community-based participatory research, participatory research, integrated knowledge translation). After the analyses, we synthesised 17 overarching principles and 11 overarching strategies and grouped them into one of the following subcategories: relationship between partners; co-production of knowledge; meaningful stakeholder engagement; capacity-building, support and resources; communication process; and ethical issues related to the collaborative research activities. Similarly, we synthesised 20 overarching outcomes and impacts on researchers, stakeholders, the community or society, and the research process. Conclusions This review of reviews is the first that presents overarching principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts of research partnerships. This review is unique in scope as we synthesised literature across multiple research areas, involving different stakeholder groups. Our findings can be used as a first step to guide the initiation and maintenance of research partnerships and to create a classification system of the key domains of research partnerships, which may improve reporting consistency in the research partnership literature. Trial registration This study is registered via Open Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/GVR7Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hoekstra
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K J Mrklas
- Strategic Clinical Networks™, System Innovation and Programs, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Khan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - R C McKay
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Vis-Dunbar
- Library, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K M Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - T Nguyen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - I D Graham
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - H L Gainforth
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada. .,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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17
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Kanankege KST, Phelps NBD, Vesterinen HM, Errecaborde KM, Alvarez J, Bender JB, Wells SJ, Perez AM. Lessons Learned From the Stakeholder Engagement in Research: Application of Spatial Analytical Tools in One Health Problems. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:254. [PMID: 32478109 PMCID: PMC7237577 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stakeholder engagement in research is widely advocated as a tool to integrate diverse knowledge and perspectives in the management of health threats while addressing potential conflicts of interest. Although guidelines for stakeholder engagement exist in public health and environmental sciences, the feasibility of actionable decisions based on scientific analyses and the lessons learned from the stakeholder engagement in the process co-creation of knowledge have been rarely discussed in One Health literature and veterinary sciences. Risk maps and risk regionalization using spatiotemporal epidemiological/analytical tools are known to improve risk perception and communication. Risk maps are useful when informing policy and management decisions on quarantine, vaccination, and surveillance intended to prevent or control threats to human, animal, or environmental health interface (i.e., One Health). We hypothesized that researcher-stakeholder engagement throughout the research process could enhance the utility of risk maps; while identifying opportunities to improve data collection, analysis, interpretation, and, ultimately, implementation of scientific/evidence-based management and policy measures. Three case studies were conducted to test this process of co-creation of scientific knowledge, using spatiotemporal epidemiological approaches, all related to One Health problems affecting Minnesota. Our interpretation of the opportunities, challenges, and lessons learned from the process are summarized from both researcher and stakeholder perspectives. By sharing our experience we intend to provide an understanding of the expectations, realizations, and “good practices” we learned through this slow-moving iterative process of co-creation of knowledge. We hope this contribution benefits the planning of future transdisciplinary research related to risk map-based management of One Health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushi S T Kanankege
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas B D Phelps
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Heidi M Vesterinen
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kaylee M Errecaborde
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey B Bender
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Scott J Wells
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Andres M Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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18
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Gaydos DA, Petrasova A, Cobb RC, Meentemeyer RK. Forecasting and control of emerging infectious forest disease through participatory modelling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180283. [PMID: 31104598 PMCID: PMC6558554 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological models are powerful tools for evaluating scenarios and visualizing patterns of disease spread, especially when comparing intervention strategies. However, the technical skill required to synthesize and operate computational models frequently renders them beyond the command of the stakeholders who are most impacted by the results. Participatory modelling (PM) strives to restructure the power relationship between modellers and the stakeholders who rely on model insights by involving these stakeholders directly in model development and application; yet, a systematic literature review indicates little adoption of these techniques in epidemiology, especially plant epidemiology. We investigate the potential for PM to integrate stakeholder and researcher knowledge, using Phytophthora ramorum and the resulting sudden oak death disease as a case study. Recent introduction of a novel strain (European 1 or EU1) in southwestern Oregon has prompted significant concern and presents an opportunity for coordinated management to minimize regional pathogen impacts. Using a PM framework, we worked with local stakeholders to develop an interactive forecasting tool for evaluating landscape-scale control strategies. We find that model co-development has great potential to empower stakeholders in the design, development and application of epidemiological models for disease control. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon A Gaydos
- 1 Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 , USA.,2 Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University , 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 , USA
| | - Anna Petrasova
- 2 Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University , 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 , USA
| | - Richard C Cobb
- 3 Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 , USA
| | - Ross K Meentemeyer
- 1 Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 , USA.,2 Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University , 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 , USA
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Combining conventional and participatory approaches to identify and prioritise management and health-related constraints to smallholder pig production in San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines. Prev Vet Med 2020; 178:104987. [PMID: 32305640 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pork is the main meat produced and consumed in the Philippines. The majority of pigs are raised by smallholders who experience a range of constraints to their pig production. This study presents the findings of the first part of an overarching project that used an Ecohealth approach and aimed to improve the production and competitiveness of the smallholder pig system in an area of the Philippines. A participatory approach was embraced, combining conventional and participatory epidemiology methods followed by a stakeholder discussion. The first aim was to identify management and health-related constraints to pig production among smallholder famers in San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines. The second aim was for the project team and stakeholders to jointly prioritise activities for the immediate future to address these constraints. Key management and health-related constraints identified included inadequate water supply to pigs, particularly lactating and gestating sows, and a range of feeding-related issues. Diarrhoea was recognised as the disease syndrome of highest priority and limited record keeping meant that farmers were unable to assess the productivity and profitability of their pig farming enterprises. Actions jointly prioritised by stakeholders and the project team were: the appointment of a project coordinator within each barangay; conduct two sets of seminars, the first covering water and nutrition and the second piglet management and diarrhoea, to be delivered by technical experts but with farmer "trusted sources" also sharing their experiences; development of easily understandable leaflets and posters covering key technical information; promotion of nipple drinkers attached to five-gallon water containers and creep boxes for piglets, and conduct of a record keeping workshop with a small group of innovative farmers to develop a useful and usable tool for record keeping. The use of multiple approaches to data-gathering enabled triangulation of study findings. Without any one of these components the understanding of the pig production system would have been less complete and it is possible that the proposed actions would not have been as well-tailored to the needs of the farmers. The participatory approach, in particular the stakeholder discussion, provided the opportunity to embrace the "deciding together" and "acting together" stances of participation rather than the lower "information giving" stance, thereby giving stakeholders greater ownership of the future activities of the overarching project and beyond.
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20
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Leal Neto O, Cruz O, Albuquerque J, Nacarato de Sousa M, Smolinski M, Pessoa Cesse EÂ, Libel M, Vieira de Souza W. Participatory Surveillance Based on Crowdsourcing During the Rio 2016 Olympic Games Using the Guardians of Health Platform: Descriptive Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e16119. [PMID: 32254042 PMCID: PMC7175192 DOI: 10.2196/16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the evolution of digital media, areas such as public health are adding new platforms to complement traditional systems of epidemiological surveillance. Participatory surveillance and digital epidemiology have become innovative tools for the construction of epidemiological landscapes with citizens’ participation, improving traditional sources of information. Strategies such as these promote the timely detection of warning signs for outbreaks and epidemics in the region. Objective This study aims to describe the participatory surveillance platform Guardians of Health, which was used in a project conducted during the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and officially used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the monitoring of outbreaks and epidemics. Methods This is a descriptive study carried out using secondary data from Guardians of Health available in a public digital repository. Based on syndromic signals, the information subsidy for decision making by policy makers and health managers becomes more dynamic and assertive. This type of information source can be used as an early route to understand the epidemiological scenario. Results The main result of this research was demonstrating the use of the participatory surveillance platform as an additional source of information for the epidemiological surveillance performed in Brazil during a mass gathering. The platform Guardians of Health had 7848 users who generated 12,746 reports about their health status. Among these reports, the following were identified: 161 users with diarrheal syndrome, 68 users with respiratory syndrome, and 145 users with rash syndrome. Conclusions It is hoped that epidemiological surveillance professionals, researchers, managers, and workers become aware of, and allow themselves to use, new tools that improve information management for decision making and knowledge production. This way, we may follow the path for a more intelligent, efficient, and pragmatic disease control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onicio Leal Neto
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Epitrack, Recife, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Cruz
- Scientific Computation Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jones Albuquerque
- Epitrack, Recife, Brazil.,Immunopathology Lab Keizo Asami, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marlo Libel
- Ending Pandemics, San Francisco, CA, United States
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21
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Schumann M, Bug M, Kajikhina K, Koschollek C, Bartig S, Lampert T, Santos-Hövener C. The concept of acculturation in epidemiological research among migrant populations: A systematic review. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100539. [PMID: 32042888 PMCID: PMC6997899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
•Acculturation is a widely used concept in epidemiological research.•There are various ways to measure acculturation using proxies or scales; often an acculturation score is calculated.•Studies often show inconsistencies in operationalization and measurement of the concept of acculturation.•The exact outcome is often unclear; this creates a lack of comparability, generalizability and transferability of the results.•Health relevant proxies such as language skills or feeling of belonging should be measured without calculating a score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katja Kajikhina
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, FG28: Social Determinants of Health, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Ebata A, Hodge C, Braam D, Waldman L, Sharp J, MacGregor H, Moore H. Power, participation and their problems: A consideration of power dynamics in the use of participatory epidemiology for one health and zoonoses research. Prev Vet Med 2020; 177:104940. [PMID: 32244084 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of Participatory Epidemiology in veterinary research intends to include livestock keepers and other local stakeholders in research processes and the development of solutions to animal health problems, including potentially zoonotic diseases. It can also be an attempt to bring some of the methods and insights of social science into a discipline largely shaped by natural science methods and ways of seeing the world. The introduction of participatory methodologies to veterinary epidemiology and disease surveillance follows a wider movement in development thinking, questioning the top-down nature of much post-second world war development efforts directed from the Global North towards the Global South. In the best cases, participatory methods can help to empower the poor and marginalised to participate in and have some control over research and interventions which affect them. Compiled from experience in multi-disciplinary One Health projects, this paper briefly traces the rise of participatory epidemiology before examining some of the limitations observed in its implementation and steps that might be taken to alleviate the problems observed. The three areas in which the operationalisation of Participatory Epidemiology in veterinary and One Health research could be improved are identified as: broadening the focus of engagement with communities beyond quantitative data extraction; taking note of the wider power structures in which research takes place, and questioning who speaks for a community when participatory methods are used. In particular, the focus falls on how researchers from different disciplines, including veterinary medicine and the social sciences, can work together to ensure that participatory epidemiology is employed in such a way that it improves the quality of life of both people and animals around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ebata
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hodge
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Dorien Braam
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Waldman
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Sharp
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley MacGregor
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrietta Moore
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
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Schnake-Mahl AS, Jahn JL, Subramanian SV, Waters MC, Arcaya M. Gentrification, Neighborhood Change, and Population Health: a Systematic Review. J Urban Health 2020; 97:1-25. [PMID: 31938975 PMCID: PMC7010901 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-019-00400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite a proliferation of research on neighborhood effects on health, how neighborhood economic development, in the form of gentrification, affects health and well-being in the USA is poorly understood, and no systematic assessment of the potential health impacts has been conducted. Further, we know little about whether health impacts differ for residents of neighborhoods undergoing gentrification versus urban development, or other forms of neighborhood socioeconomic ascent. We followed current guidelines for systematic reviews and present data on the study characteristics of the 22 empirical articles that met our inclusion criteria and were published on associations between gentrification, and similar but differently termed processes (e.g., urban regeneration, urban development, neighborhood upgrading), and health published between 2000 and 2018. Our results show that impacts on health vary by outcome assessed, exposure measurement, the larger context-specific determinants of neighborhood change, and analysis decisions including which reference and treatment groups to examine. Studies of the health impacts of gentrification, urban development, and urban regeneration describe similar processes, and synthesis and comparison of their results helps bridge differing theoretical approaches to this emerging research. Our article helps to inform the debate on the impacts of gentrification and urban development for health and suggests that these neighborhood change processes likely have both detrimental and beneficial effects on health. Given the influence of place on health and the trend of increasing gentrification and urban development in many American cities, we discuss how future research can approach understanding and researching the impacts of these processes for population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina S Schnake-Mahl
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jaquelyn L Jahn
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Waters
- Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariana Arcaya
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Sex differences in the association between exposure to indoor particulate matter and cognitive control among children (age 6-14 years) living near coal-fired power plants. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 78:106855. [PMID: 31917336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash consists of inhalable particulate matter with varying concentrations of neurotoxic metals. Children living near coal-fired power plants with coal fly ash storage facilities may be exposed to coal fly ash when it escapes as fugitive dust emissions into surrounding communities. Previous research on outdoor particulate matter air pollution of similar aerodynamic diameter (PM10) suggests exposure may be associated with impaired cognitive control. The purpose of this research was to investigate sex-differences in the association between exposure to indoor PM10 and cognitive control among children (n = 221), ages 6-14 years, living near coal-fired power plants with fly ash storage facilities. In an ongoing community-based study, we measured indoor PM10 concentrations in participants' housing units and used performance measures from the BARS (Behavior Assessment and Research System) Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Selective Attention Test (SAT) to assess neurotoxic effects on cognitive control. In adjusted negative binomial regression models, we found children living in housing units with higher indoor PM10 concentrations had a higher risk of commission errors on the CPT (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.22 per interquartile range difference (IQR = 0.72 μg/m3) in natural log-transformed PM10 concentrations; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.46) and SAT (IRR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.28). Furthermore, child sex modified the association between PM10 concentration and CPT commission errors. Among females, higher PM10 concentration was associated with higher risk of CPT commission errors (IRR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.82), but we found no association among males (IRR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.79, 1.30). We found no association between PM10 concentrations and CPT or SAT response latency. Our results suggest females living near coal-fired plants with coal fly ash storage facilities may be more susceptible to impaired cognitive control associated with particulate matter exposure. Children living near coal-fired power plants with coal fly ash storage facilities who are exposed to particulate matter may have an increased risk of impulse control problems.
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25
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[Improving access to migrant populations for epidemiological research-guided interviews with German experts]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:1397-1405. [PMID: 31650187 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-03036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, reliable information on the health of people with migration background (PMB) is scarce. Therefore, the Robert Koch Institute initiated the project "Improving health monitoring in migrant populations (IMIRA)" to improve the inclusion of PMB into the federal health monitoring. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to identify challenges and strategies in accessing migrant populations with epidemiological research. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 24 guided interviews with experts from Germany were conducted. Experts were scientists from various disciplines with a research focus on migration, civil servants in the area of migration, and experts from the field. The interview focused on challenges and strategies regarding access to migrants in research. The written summaries of the interviews were analyzed. RESULTS Challenges in accessing PMB include language, sociodemographic and cultural barriers, fears, structural, and practical difficulties. Further challenges arise from the heterogeneity and motivation of the groups. Strategies to increase accessibility among PMB can be found in the research process, methods, communication, and diversity-sensitive research culture. Confidence-building is considered significant. DISCUSSION Experts report a variety of strategies that focus on addressing and including PMB directly: strengthening of participatory approaches, new forms of translation, and measures to increase trust in research should be the focus of future efforts. The willingness to participate in epidemiological research can be increased with appropriate strategies and thus data on the health of migrant populations can be improved sustainably.
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Mitchell RJ, Ryder T. Rethinking the public health model for injury prevention. Inj Prev 2019; 26:2-4. [PMID: 31676509 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Mitchell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tayhla Ryder
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Dadich A, Moore L, Eapen V. What does it mean to conduct participatory research with Indigenous peoples? A lexical review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1388. [PMID: 31660911 PMCID: PMC6819462 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand and promote public health, participatory research with Indigenous peoples represents recommended practice, worldwide. However, due to the different ways such research is referred to, described, and used, it is unclear what might (and might not) warrant the term when collaborating with Indigenous peoples. As such, this article expands conceptual understandings of participatory research with Indigenous peoples, across timelines and regions. METHOD Following a systematic search of 29 academic databases in April 2018, a lexical analysis of the methods sections was conducted, which were sourced from 161 publications across 107 journals. RESULTS The active involvement of Indigenous peoples in research that is expressly participatory is limited across all project phases. This might be because the ways in which Indigenous peoples were involved throughout were not reported - however, it might also be because Indigenous peoples were not involved in all project phases. Furthermore, descriptions differ by study location and publication timeframe - notably, studies in the region of the Americas chiefly refer to pandemics, surveyors, and art; and those published in the last two decades have given primacy to artifacts of interest. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this corpus of data suggest participatory research with Indigenous peoples is not always described across different project phases; furthermore, it differs according to study location and publication timeframe. This offers considerable opportunity to further this important research area via alternative methodologies that award primacy to Indigenous expertise and agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Dadich
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, 169 Macquarie Street, Parramatta, NSW, 2150, Australia. .,1797 Locked Bag, Western Sydney University, 1797 Locked Bag, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Loretta Moore
- Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect), Building 1, Level 2, 14 Aquatic Drive, Frenchs Forest, NSW, 2086, Australia.,, Forestville, NSW, 2087, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Academic Unit of Infant, Child, Adolescent Psychiatry South West Sydney, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ICAMHS, L1 MHC, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.,University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Bach M, Jordan S, Santos-Hövener C. [What is participatory epidemiology? A definition]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:1020-1023. [PMID: 31250040 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Participatory epidemiology is a concept that promotes the active involvement and cooperation of researchers and researched populations. The collaboration may relate to individual sections or to the entire course of an epidemiologic study. Participatory epidemiology comprises the following aspects: a joint definition of research objectives and research questions, the cooperative definition of the population groups under study and their health-related contexts, the selection or development of appropriate survey instruments, and dialogical forms of interpreting the results. Participatory epidemiology aims to create knowledge with practical relevance to all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bach
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Susanne Jordan
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Santos-Hövener
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
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Designing and Facilitating Collaborative Research Design and Data Analysis Workshops: Lessons Learned in the Healthy Neighborhoods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030324. [PMID: 30682790 PMCID: PMC6388393 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One impediment to expanding the prevalence and quality of community-engaged research is a shortage of instructive resources for collaboratively designing research instruments and analyzing data with community members. This article describes how a consortium of community residents, grassroots community organizations, and academic and public institutions implemented collaborative research design and data analysis processes as part of a participatory action research (PAR) study investigating the relationship between neighborhoods and health in the greater Boston area. We report how nine different groups of community residents were engaged in developing a multi-dimensional survey instrument, generating and testing hypotheses, and interpreting descriptive statistics and preliminary findings. We conclude by reflecting on the importance of balancing planned strategies for building and sustaining resident engagement with improvisational facilitation that is responsive to residents’ characteristics, interests and needs in the design and execution of collaborative research design and data analysis processes.
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Franco M, Díez J, Gullón P, Margolles M, Cofiño R, Pasarín M, Borrell C. Towards a policy relevant neighborhoods and health agenda: engaging citizens, researchers, policy makers and public health professionals. SESPAS Report 2018. GACETA SANITARIA 2018; 32 Suppl 1:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Impact and Lessons Learned from a National Consortium for Participatory Health Research: PartKommPlus-German Research Consortium for Healthy Communities (2015-2018). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5184316. [PMID: 30310817 PMCID: PMC6166381 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5184316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrated strategies of health promotion at the municipal level are receiving particular attention in public health policy and practice in Germany. These strategies are intended to provide a coordinated approach to health promotion during the entire lifespan, with a particular focus on vulnerable communities. They are also intended to be participatory in both their design and implementation, involving all sectors of the social welfare, educational and healthcare systems, civil society, and the general public. PartKommPlus-German Research Consortium for Healthy Communities is examining such strategies using participatory forms of research. The goal is to determine how participation can best be planned and implemented and what effects this participation has. In this article the work of PartKommPlus from the first funding phase (2015-2018) will be described with particular attention to the lessons learned and the forms of impact which are being considered as part of the participatory research process.
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Böhm A, Sadowski U. Kommunale Gesundheitsberichterstattung als Planungsgrundlage in der Gesundheitsförderung für Kinder. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2018; 61:1215-1224. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Arcaya MC, Schnake-Mahl A, Binet A, Simpson S, Church MS, Gavin V, Coleman B, Levine S, Nielsen A, Carroll L, Ursprung S, Wood B, Reeves H, Keppard B, Sportiche N, Partirdge J, Figueora J, Frakt A, Alfonzo M, Abreu D, Abreu T, Ambroise T, Andrade E, Barrientos E, Baty A, Baty C, Benner K, Bennett C, Blanchette A, Bongiovanni R, Cardile O, Corchado C, Dixon C, Dodson C, Dominguez J, Durena M, Fiestas Y, Genty J, Graffam N, Gonzalez A, Grigsby E, Hayden P, Alvado SH, Hernandez Z, Hodes I, Johnson J, Keefe K, Latimer K, Levine S, Logg C, Martinez N, Mboup K, McPhorson D, Meacham S, Mohammed D, Moss E, Nielsen A, O'Brien K, Owens L, Partridge J, Johnson LP, Power MB, Rebelo T, Remy R, Roderigues G, Sabtow Q, Sanchez C, Seeder A, Sepulveda R, Sportiche N, Ursprung S, West E, Winters L, Wood B, Youmans T. Community change and resident needs: Designing a Participatory Action Research study in Metropolitan Boston. Health Place 2018; 52:221-230. [PMID: 30015179 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The health implications of urban development, particularly in rapidly changing, low-income urban neighborhoods, are poorly understood. We describe the Healthy Neighborhoods Study (HNS), a Participatory Action Research study examining the relationship between neighborhood change and population health in nine Massachusetts neighborhoods. Baseline data from the HNS survey show that social factors, specifically income insecurity, food insecurity, social support, experiencing discrimination, expecting to move, connectedness to the neighborhood, and local housing construction that participants believed would improve their lives, identified by a network of 45 Resident Researchers exhibited robust associations with self-rated and mental health. Resident-derived insights into relationships between neighborhoods and health may provide a powerful mechanism for residents to drive change in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Arcaya
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Alina Schnake-Mahl
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrew Binet
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Shannon Simpson
- Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative, 550 Dudley St, Roxbury, MA 02119, USA.
| | | | - Vedette Gavin
- Conservation Law Foundation, 62 Summer St, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
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Hannigan A. Public and patient involvement in quantitative health research: A statistical perspective. Health Expect 2018; 21:939-943. [PMID: 29920877 PMCID: PMC6250860 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of studies included in recent reviews of impact for public and patient involvement (PPI) in health research had a qualitative design. PPI in solely quantitative designs is underexplored, particularly its impact on statistical analysis. Statisticians in practice have a long history of working in both consultative (indirect) and collaborative (direct) roles in health research, yet their perspective on PPI in quantitative health research has never been explicitly examined. OBJECTIVE To explore the potential and challenges of PPI from a statistical perspective at distinct stages of quantitative research, that is sampling, measurement and statistical analysis, distinguishing between indirect and direct PPI. CONCLUSIONS Statistical analysis is underpinned by having a representative sample, and a collaborative or direct approach to PPI may help achieve that by supporting access to and increasing participation of under-represented groups in the population. Acknowledging and valuing the role of lay knowledge of the context in statistical analysis and in deciding what variables to measure may support collective learning and advance scientific understanding, as evidenced by the use of participatory modelling in other disciplines. A recurring issue for quantitative researchers, which reflects quantitative sampling methods, is the selection and required number of PPI contributors, and this requires further methodological development. Direct approaches to PPI in quantitative health research may potentially increase its impact, but the facilitation and partnership skills required may require further training for all stakeholders, including statisticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailish Hannigan
- Public and Patient Involvement Research Unit, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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35
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Partizipative Forschungsansätze in der Epidemiologie. PRAVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFORDERUNG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11553-018-0639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Golembiewski EH, Holmes AM, Jackson JR, Brown-Podgorski BL, Menachemi N. Interdisciplinary Dissertation Research Among Public Health Doctoral Trainees, 2003-2015. Public Health Rep 2018; 133:182-190. [PMID: 29438623 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918754558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the call for more interdisciplinary research in public health, the objectives of this study were to (1) examine the correlates of interdisciplinary dissertation completion and (2) identify secondary fields most common among interdisciplinary public health graduates. METHODS We analyzed pooled cross-sectional data from 11 120 doctoral graduates in the Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2003-2015. The primary outcome was interdisciplinary dissertation completion. Covariates included primary public health field, sociodemographic characteristics, and institutional attributes. RESULTS From 2003 to 2015, a total of 4005 of 11 120 (36.0%) doctoral graduates in public health reported interdisciplinary dissertations, with significant increases observed in recent years. Compared with general public health graduates, graduates of environmental health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74; P < .001) and health services administration (OR = 1.38; P < .001) doctoral programs were significantly more likely to report completing interdisciplinary dissertation work, whereas graduates from biostatistics (OR = 0.51; P < .001) and epidemiology (OR = 0.76; P < .001) were less likely to do so. Completing an interdisciplinary dissertation was associated with being male, a non-US citizen, a graduate of a private institution, and a graduate of an institution with high but not the highest level of research activity. Many secondary dissertation fields reported by interdisciplinary graduates included other public health fields. CONCLUSION Although interdisciplinary dissertation research among doctoral graduates in public health has increased in recent years, such work is bounded in certain fields of public health and certain types of graduates and institutions. Academic administrators and other stakeholders may use these results to inform greater interdisciplinary activity during doctoral training and to evaluate current and future collaborations across departments or schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Golembiewski
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ann M Holmes
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joanna R Jackson
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brittany L Brown-Podgorski
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nir Menachemi
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ciaravino G, Ibarra P, Casal E, Lopez S, Espluga J, Casal J, Napp S, Allepuz A. Farmer and Veterinarian Attitudes towards the Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Programme in Spain: What Is Going on in the Field? Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:202. [PMID: 29230403 PMCID: PMC5712013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of health interventions against bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is influenced by several "non-biological" factors that may hamper bTB detection and control. Although the engagement of stakeholders is a key factor for the eradication programme's success, social factors have been often ignored in the control programmes of animal diseases, especially in developed countries. In this study, we used a qualitative approach to investigate perceptions, opinions, attitudes, and beliefs of farmers, and veterinarians who may influence the effectiveness of the Spanish bTB eradication programme. The study was carried out in two phases. First, 13 key representatives of different groups involved in the programme were interviewed through exploratory interviews to identify most relevant themes circulating in the population. Interviews focused on strong and weak points of the programme; reasons for failure to achieve eradication; benefits of being disease free; future perspectives, and proposed changes to the programme. Based on these results, a thematic guide was developed and detailed information was gained through face-to-face in-depth interviews conducted on a purposive sample of 39 farmers and veterinarians. Data were analysed following an ethnographic methodology. Main results suggested that the bTB programme is perceived as a law enforcement duty without an adequate motivation of some stakeholders and a general feeling of distrust arose. The complexity of bTB epidemiology combined with gaps in knowledge and weak communication throughout stakeholders contributed to causing disbeliefs, which in turn generated different kinds of guesses and interpretations. Low reliability in the routine skin test for bTB screening was expressed and the level of confidence on test results interpretation was linked with skills and experience of public and private veterinarians in the field. Lack of training for farmers and pressure faced by veterinarians during field activities also emerged. Few benefits of being bTB free were perceived and comparative grievances referred to wildlife and other domestic reservoirs, sector-specific legislation for bullfighting farms, and the absence of specific health legislation for game hunting farms were reported. Understanding reasons for demotivation and scepticism may help institutions to ensure stakeholders' collaboration and increase the acceptability of control measures leading to an earlier achievement of eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ciaravino
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ester Casal
- Departament de Sociologia/IGOP-GEPS-ARAG-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Lopez
- Departament de Sociologia/IGOP-GEPS-ARAG-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Espluga
- Departament de Sociologia/IGOP-GEPS-ARAG-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Napp
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rowbotham S, McKinnon M, Leach J, Lamberts R, Hawe P. Does citizen science have the capacity to transform population health science? CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2017.1395393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rowbotham
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merryn McKinnon
- Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joan Leach
- Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rod Lamberts
- Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Penelope Hawe
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, Australia
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