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Morita PP, Kaur J, Miranda PADSES. Enhancing public health research: a viewpoint report on the transition to secure, cloud-based systems. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1270450. [PMID: 38259746 PMCID: PMC10800498 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Pelegrini Morita
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Digital Therapeutics, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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2
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Blukacz A, Cabieses B, Obach A, Calderón AC, Álvarez MI, Madrid P, Rada I. Promoting the Participation of "Hard-to-Reach" Migrant Populations in Qualitative Public Health Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1956. [PMID: 36767326 PMCID: PMC9916086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has further deepened socioeconomic and health inequities worldwide, especially among populations experiencing social vulnerability, such as international migrants. Sustained lockdowns and social distancing have raised challenges to conducting public health research with hard-to-reach populations. This study aims at exploring strategies to recruit "hard-to-reach" international migrants for qualitative public health research during the pandemic in Chile, based on the authors' experience. A retrospective qualitative evaluation process was carried out on the recruitment processes of three qualitative research projects focused on international migrants in Chile. All projects were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, demanding complementary and flexible strategies: (i) social media; (ii) snowball sampling; (iii) referrals from social workers and pro-migrant and migrant-led organizations; (iv) vaccination centers and healthcare centers; and (v) community-based recruitment. The strategies are qualitatively evaluated around seven emerging qualitative categories: (i) feasibility during lockdown periods; (ii) speed of recruitment; (iii) geographical coverage; (iv) sample diversity; (v) proportion of successful interviews; (vi) ethical considerations; and (vii) cost. Engaging hard-to-reach international migrants in public health research during the pandemic required constantly adapting recruitment strategies. Furthermore, relying on strategies that were not only Internet-based promoted the participation of populations with limited access to the Internet and low-digital literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blukacz
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5GH, UK
| | - Alexandra Obach
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alejandra Carreño Calderón
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - María Inés Álvarez
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Paula Madrid
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Isabel Rada
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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3
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Obbagy J, Raghavan R, English LK, Spill MK, Bahnfleth CL, Bates M, Callahan E, Cole NC, Güngör D, Kim JH, Kingshipp BJ, Nevins JEH, Scinto-Madonich SR, Spahn JM, Venkatramanan S, Stoody E. Strengthening Research that Answers Nutrition Questions of Public Health Importance: Leveraging the Experience of the USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team. J Nutr 2022; 152:1823-1830. [PMID: 35704675 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team conducts nutrition- and public health-related systematic reviews and is within the USDA's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. NESR has collaborated with scientific experts to conduct systematic reviews on nutrition and public health topics for more than a decade and is uniquely positioned to share recommendations with the research community to strengthen research quality and impact, especially the evidence base that supports public health nutrition guidance, including future editions of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Leveraging the expertise of NESR and its systematic review process resulted in the following recommendations for the research community: a) use the strongest study design feasible with sufficient sample size(s); b) enroll study participants who reflect the diversity of the population of interest and report participant characteristics; c) use valid and reliable dietary assessment methods; d) describe the interventions or exposures of interest and use standard definitions to promote consistency; e) use valid and reliable health outcome measures; f) account for variables that may impact the relationship between nutrition-related interventions or exposures and health outcomes; g) carry out studies for a sufficient duration and include repeated measures, as appropriate; and h) report all relevant information to inform accurate interpretation and evaluation of study results. Implementing these recommendations can strengthen nutrition and public health evidence and increase its utility in future public health nutrition systematic reviews. However, implementation will require additional support from the entire research community, including scientific journals and funding agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Obbagy
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laural K English
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen K Spill
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte L Bahnfleth
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marlana Bates
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Callahan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Natasha Chong Cole
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darcy Güngör
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia H Kim
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brittany J Kingshipp
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie E H Nevins
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara R Scinto-Madonich
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanne M Spahn
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sudha Venkatramanan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eve Stoody
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
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Constance Wiener R. The Profile of Articles on AXIN2 Mutations, Oligodontia, and Ethical Statements in Dental Research. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2022; 17:412-425. [PMID: 35876356 DOI: 10.1177/15562646221116801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Editors often require ethical statements in research publications. This is particularly important with genetic data where discrimination may occur upon data disclosures. The purpose of this research is to determine if there was a positive trend of publishing ethical statements in dental genetic research. The study is limited to AXIN2 mutations which may be associated with oligodontia and cancer. METHODS A MEDLINE search of 2011-2021 articles concerning AXIN2, oligodontia, and ethical statements was conducted. Reviews, nonhuman subject research, abstracts, and articles not written nor translated into English were excluded. RESULTS Forty-four studies were found; 10 excluded. There were 25 (75.8%) with ethical statements, and 25 (75.8%) with participant consent statements. There was no significant difference by year in ethical statements over the ten years (p = 0.094). CONCLUSION There is a need to encourage more ethical statements in publications especially for genetically sensitive topics to reassure readers of ethical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Constance Wiener
- Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, 104a Health Sciences Addition, PO Box 9415, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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5
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Christensen AI, Lau CJ, Kristensen PL, Poulsen HS, Breinholt Larsen F. 35 Years of health surveys in Denmark: a backbone of public health practice and research. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:914-918. [PMID: 35548941 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221083113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Denmark has a 35-year history of monitoring health status in the general population through health surveys. In this commentary, we outline the development of health surveys in Denmark from the beginning in 1987 to the present time. We describe how the current systematic framework for the Danish National Health Survey (DNHS) developed. We discuss the methodological basis for the DNHS and describe its application in public health practice and research. Over the years, the DNHS has become an important part of the Danish public health environment. Challenges for the DNHS in the future are to adapt to new trends in public health and at the same time to be able to monitor important changes consistently over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Christensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Cathrine J Lau
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
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6
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Chand BR, Eio C, Alysandratos A, Thompson J, Ha T. Public Health Student's Attitudes Toward Research. Front Public Health 2022; 9:801249. [PMID: 35186876 PMCID: PMC8849193 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.801249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research is able to improve the lives of big populations by investigating effective interventions and then implementing those through public health policies. Whilst research on the inclination of Medical or Science undergraduate and postgraduate students has been conducted, little is known about what students pursuing a Masters degree in Public Health perceive the purpose of research to be. Their perceptions and inclinations will shape their research pursuits and career directions, which impacts the health outcomes of the community. Our findings suggest MPH students see improving the lives of the community as the most important purpose of research. Student's had more inclination to pursue research when influenced by a mentor however, many students still claimed that they either lacked confidence and skills in completing research or had no intention of pursuing research beyond their degrees, which suggests the need for curriculum adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Chand
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Crystal Eio
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jake Thompson
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Tam Ha
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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7
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von Kobyletzki L, Ballardini N, Henrohn D, Neary MP, Ortsäter G, Geale K, Rieem Dun A, Lindberg I, De Geer A, Neregård P, Cha A, Cappelleri JC, Romero W, Thyssen JP. Care Pathways in Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1456-1466. [PMID: 35470924 PMCID: PMC9542393 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with variations in severity and healthcare utilization. Examining patient pathways through analyses of longitudinal patient data provides an opportunity to describe real‐world clinical patient care and evaluate healthcare access and treatment. Objective To describe longitudinal care pathways including health care management, treatment patterns and disease progression (by proxy measures) in patients with AD. Materials and methods This was a longitudinal observational study, which used linked data from national and regional healthcare registers in Sweden. Patients with AD were identified through diagnosis in primary or secondary care or by dispensed medications. Descriptive statistics for number of healthcare visits, type of dispensed drug class, rate of ‐ and time to ‐ referral to secondary care and treatment escalation were calculated. Results A total of 341 866 patients with AD distributed as 197 959 paediatric (age < 12), 36 133 adolescent (age ≥ 12‐ < 18) and 107 774 adult (age ≥ 18) patients were included in this study. Healthcare visits to primary and secondary care and dispensation of AD‐indicated treatments were more common during the year in which managed AD care was initiated. Topical corticosteroids (TCSs) and emollients were the most frequently used treatments across all age cohorts while systemic treatment was uncommon in all age cohorts. Among patients who initiated treatment with TCSs, 18.2% escalated to TCSs with higher potency following the start of managed AD care. Conclusions We found that healthcare contacts and use of AD‐indicated treatments were concentrated in the year during which managed AD care was initiated and decreased significantly thereafter. Since a significant proportion of patients with AD have flares and persistent AD, our results suggest that patients with AD may be monitored infrequently and are undertreated. There is a need to inform practitioners about adequate treatment options to provide individualized care, in particular for patients with persistent severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura von Kobyletzki
- Department of Occupational Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ballardini
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Sexual Health, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Henrohn
- Pfizer AB, Sollentuna, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kirk Geale
- Quantify Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Cha
- Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | - William Romero
- Inflammation & Immunology, Pfizer Ltd, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Baugh Littlejohns L, Hill C, Neudorf C. Diverse Approaches to Creating and Using Causal Loop Diagrams in Public Health Research: Recommendations From a Scoping Review. Public Health Rev 2022; 42:1604352. [PMID: 35140995 PMCID: PMC8712315 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1604352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Complex systems thinking methods are increasingly called for and used as analytical lenses in public health research. The use of qualitative system mapping and in particular, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) is described as one promising method or tool. To our knowledge there are no published literature reviews that synthesize public health research regarding how CLDs are created and used. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to address this gap in the public health literature. Inclusion criteria included: 1) focused on public health research, 2) peer reviewed journal article, 3) described and/or created a CLD, and 4) published in English from January 2018 to March 2021. Twenty-three articles were selected from the search strategy. Results: CLDs were described as a new tool and were based upon primary and secondary data, researcher driven and group processes, and numerous data analysis methods and frameworks. Intended uses of CLDs ranged from illustrating complexity to informing policy and practice. Conclusion: From our learnings we propose nine recommendations for building knowledge and skill in creating and using CLDs for future public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly Hill
- Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cory Neudorf
- Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Hurt CB, Morrison AS, Guy J, Mobley VL, Dennis AM, Barrington C, Samoff E, Hightow-Weidman LB, McNeil CJ, Carry MG, Hogben M, Seña AC. Beyond Disease Intervention: Exploring an Expanded Role for Partner Services in the MATRix-NC Demonstration Project. Sex Transm Dis 2022; 49:93-98. [PMID: 34475364 PMCID: PMC8994478 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease intervention specialists (DIS) provide partner services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We assessed an expansion of DIS services for clients with HIV and/or syphilis, and contacts within their social and sexual networks. METHODS Black and Latinx cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men diagnosed with HIV and/or syphilis in 4 urban North Carolina counties were referred to designated DIS, who were trained to recruit clients as "seeds" for chain-referral sampling of sociosexual network "peers." All received HIV/STI testing and care; referrals for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and social, behavioral, and non-STI medical services were offered. Participants completed baseline, 1-month, and 3-month computerized surveys. RESULTS Of 213 cases referred to DIS from May 2018 to February 2020, 42 seeds (25 with syphilis, 17 with HIV) and 50 peers participated. Median age was 27 years; 93% were Black and 86% were cisgender men. Most peers came from seeds' social networks: 66% were friends, 20% were relatives, and 38% were cisgender women. Incomes were low, 41% were uninsured, and 10% experienced recent homelessness. More seeds than peers had baseline PrEP awareness; attitudes were favorable, but utilization was poor. Thirty-seven participants were referred for PrEP 50 times; 17 (46%) accessed PrEP by month 3. Thirty-nine participants received 129 non-PrEP referrals, most commonly for housing assistance, primary care, Medicaid navigation, and food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Chain-referral sampling from partner services clients allowed DIS to access persons with significant medical and social service needs, demonstrating that DIS can support marginalized communities beyond STI intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Hurt
- From the Institute for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Arianne S Morrison
- From the Institute for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Jalila Guy
- From the Institute for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Victoria L Mobley
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh
| | - Ann M Dennis
- From the Institute for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Clare Barrington
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Erika Samoff
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh
| | | | - Candice J McNeil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Monique G Carry
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Matthew Hogben
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arlene C Seña
- From the Institute for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
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Sawers N, Bolster N, Bastawrous A. The Contribution of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): What Can Eye Health Can Learn From Commercial Industry and Early Lessons From the Application of Machine Learning in Eye Health Programmes. Front Public Health 2021; 9:752049. [PMID: 35004574 PMCID: PMC8727468 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving The United Nations sustainable developments goals by 2030 will be a challenge. Researchers around the world are working toward this aim across the breadth of healthcare. Technology, and more especially artificial intelligence, has the ability to propel us forwards and support these goals but requires careful application. Artificial intelligence shows promise within healthcare and there has been fast development in ophthalmology, cardiology, diabetes, and oncology. Healthcare is starting to learn from commercial industry leaders who utilize fast and continuous testing algorithms to gain efficiency and find the optimum solutions. This article provides examples of how commercial industry is benefitting from utilizing AI and improving service delivery. The article then provides a specific example in eye health on how machine learning algorithms can be purposed to drive service delivery in a resource-limited setting by utilizing the novel study designs in response adaptive randomization. We then aim to provide six key considerations for researchers who wish to begin working with AI technology which include collaboration, adopting a fast-fail culture and developing a capacity in ethics and data science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sawers
- The International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Bastawrous
- The International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The concept of "race" emerged in the 1600s with the trans-Atlantic slave trade, justifying slavery; it has been used to justify exploitation, denigration and decimation. Since then, despite contrary scientific evidence, a deeply-rooted belief has taken hold that "race," indicated by, e.g., skin color or facial features, reflects fundamental biological differences. We propose that the term "race" be abandoned, substituting "ethnic group" while retaining "racism," with the goal of dismantling it. Despite scientific consensus that "race" is a social construct, in official U.S. classifications, "Hispanic"/"Latino" is an "ethnicity" while African American/Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, and European American/White are "races." There is no scientific basis for this. Each grouping reflects ancestry in a particular continent/region and shared history, e.g., the genocide and expropriation of Indigenous peoples, African Americans' enslavement, oppression and ongoing disenfranchisement, Latin America's Indigenous roots and colonization. Given migrations over millennia, each group reflects extensive genetic admixture across and within continents/regions. "Ethnicity" evokes social characteristics such as history, language, beliefs, customs. "Race" reinforces notions of inherent biological differences based on physical appearance. While not useful as a biological category, geographic ancestry is a key social category for monitoring and addressing health inequities because of racism's profound influence on health and well-being. We must continue to collect and analyze data on the population groups that have been racialized into socially constructed categories called "races." We must not, however, continue to use that term; it is not the only obstacle to dismantling racism, but it is a significant one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Braveman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Health Equity, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tyan Parker Dominguez
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Mohr N, Petersen J, Kirsten N, Augustin M. Epidemiology of Vitiligo - A Dual Population-Based Approach. Clin Epidemiol 2021; 13:373-382. [PMID: 34079380 PMCID: PMC8165096 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s304155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most epidemiological data on vitiligo refer to selected environments or focus on the prevalence of comorbidity unrelated to the population. Objective Aim of the study was to gain robust representative prevalence data on vitiligo and on associated dermatologic comorbidity in the German adult population. Methods A dual population-based approach was applied with 1) primary data obtained between 2004 and 2014 from dermatological exams in the general working population; 2) claims data from a large German statutory health insurance, reference year 2010. Results In the working cohort (N = 121,783; 57% male; mean age 43 years), the prevalence of vitiligo was 0.77% (0.84% in men; 0.67% in women). In the claims data (N = 1,619,678; 38% male; mean age 46 years), prevalence was 0.17% (0.14% in men; 0.18% in women). In the working cohort, vitiligo was significantly more common in people with fair skin type, ephelides and port-wine stains and less common in people with acne and solar lentigines. In the claims data, vitiligo was associated with a variety of skin conditions, eg, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and alopecia areata. Conclusion The resulting discrepancy of claims vs primary data between 0.17% and 0.77% indicates the most probable spectrum of vitiligo prevalence in Germany. It is more frequently observed in clinical exams than recorded in claims data, indicating a marked proportion of people seeking no medical help. Such nonattendance may result from the fact that many treatment options do not provide satisfying benefits to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mohr
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Petersen
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Kirsten
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Benavidez GA, Mandelbaum J, Fisk CE. Complexities of COVID-19 Demonstrate the Need for More Interdisciplinary Research Training in Graduate School. Public Health Rep 2021; 136:391-393. [PMID: 33882745 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211013320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Benavidez
- 2629 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer Mandelbaum
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Carolina Consortium on Health, Inequalities, and Populations (CHIP), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Calley E Fisk
- Carolina Consortium on Health, Inequalities, and Populations (CHIP), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, College of Arts & Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
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Griebenow R, Mills P, Stein J, Herrmann H, Kelm M, Campbell C, Schäfer R. Outcomes in CME/CPD - Special Collection: How to make the "pyramid" a perpetuum mobile. J Eur CME 2020; 9:1832750. [PMID: 33194316 PMCID: PMC7599014 DOI: 10.1080/21614083.2020.1832750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore's pyramid, help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community, health. However, there are numerous barriers to translation of physician competence into improvements in community health. To enhance the effect CME may achieve in improving community health the authors suggest a kick-off/keep-on continuum of medical competence, and integration of aspects of public health at all levels from planning to delivery and outcomes measurement in CME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Mills
- European Cardiology Section Foundation (ECSF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Stein
- European Cardiology Section Foundation (ECSF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrik Herrmann
- European Cardiology Section Foundation (ECSF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- European Cardiology Section Foundation (ECSF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Craig Campbell
- European Cardiology Section Foundation (ECSF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Schäfer
- European Board for Accreditation in Cardiology (EBAC), Cologne, Germany
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15
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van Hagen LJ, Muntinga M, Appelman Y, Verdonk P. Sex- and gender-sensitive public health research: an analysis of research proposals in a research institute in the Netherlands. Women Health 2020; 61:109-119. [PMID: 33073744 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2020.1834056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Taking sex and gender into account in public health research is essential to optimize methodological procedures, bridge the gender gap in public health knowledge, and advance gender equality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current status of sex and gender considerations in public health research proposals in a Dutch research institute. We screened a random sample of 38 proposals submitted for review to the institute's science committee between 2011 and 2016. Using the Canadian Institutes of Health Research' Gender and Health Institute criteria for gender-sensitive research and qualitative content analysis, we assessed if, and how sex and gender were considered throughout the proposals (background, research aim, design, data collection, and analysis). Our results show that in general, both sex and gender were poorly considered. Gender was insufficiently taken into account throughout most proposals. When sex was mentioned in a proposal, its consideration was often inconsistent and fragmented. Finally, we identified common methodological pitfalls. We recommend that public health curricula and funding bodies increase their focus on implementing sex and gender in public health research, for instance through quality criteria, training programs for researchers and reviewers, and capacity building initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Jeannine van Hagen
- Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Muntinga
- Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Verdonk
- Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Hall KS, Rentmeester ST, Zhao Y, Hankus AN, Pei Y, Riley HE, McCloud C, Pearce BD. A pilot study for exploring blood spot anti-mullerian hormone for population-based adolescent reproductive health research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5. [PMID: 34532593 DOI: 10.15761/fwh.1000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and objective Studies of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) rely upon serum measures and clinical samples of older reproductive-aged women intended/attempting pregnancy, with known fertility issues or medical morbidities. We explored the utility of minimally invasive AMH as a measure of fecundability in population-based reproductive health research. Methods We analyzed baseline data from 191 participants in a pilot, longitudinal cohort study, the Young Women's Stress Study. Using an integrated biosocial design, we collected interviewer-administered surveys on demographic, psychosocial, health, and method feasibility/acceptability information and finger-stick capillary dried blood spots (DBS). We used descriptive and bivariate statistics (correlation, T-tests, ANOVA) to estimate method feasibility/acceptability and unadjusted AMH mean concentrations overall and across sociodemographic, reproductive, and health covariates. Results AMH concentrations ranged from 1.02 to 22.23 ng/mL, with a mean of 5.66 ng/mL. AMH concentrations were associated with current hormonal contraceptive use, menstrual cycle frequency, and irregular menstrual patterns, but not with other known correlates. Most participants stated the DBS method was comfortable (81%) and would be likely to provide it again (88%). Conclusions While these pilot data suggest AMH fell within normal range and our DBS methods were acceptable/feasible, the broader question of its usefulness for population reproductive health research remains unanswered. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to validate AMH against time-to-pregnancy and gold standard measures in young healthy samples and across different sociodemographic groups. Public health and social scientists should consider the resource costs of AMH, ethical issues, and risks of (over)interpretation, with a reproductive justice and human rights frame in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli S Hall
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shelby T Rentmeester
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Allison N Hankus
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yidan Pei
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Halley Em Riley
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Candace McCloud
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bradley D Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP) at the Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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van Heerden A, Wassenaar D, Essack Z, Vilakazi K, Kohrt BA. In-Home Passive Sensor Data Collection and Its Implications for Social Media Research: Perspectives of Community Women in Rural South Africa. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2019; 15:97-107. [PMID: 31631742 DOI: 10.1177/1556264619881334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in debates on the ethics of social media research, passive sensor data collection, and big data analytics. However, little evidence exists to describe how people experience and understand these applications of technology. This study aimed to passively collect data from mobile phone sensors, lapel cameras, and Bluetooth beacons to assess people's understanding and acceptance of these technologies. Seven households were purposefully sampled and data collected for 10 days. The study generated 48 hr of audio data and 30,000 images. After participant review, the data were destroyed and in-depth interviews conducted. Participants found the data collected acceptable and reported willingness to participate in similar studies. Key risks included that the camera could capture nudity and sex acts, but family review of footage before sharing helped reduce concerns. The Emanuel et al. ethics framework was found to accommodate the concerns and perspectives of study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair van Heerden
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Doug Wassenaar
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Zaynab Essack
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.,University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Khanya Vilakazi
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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19
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Pratt B. Engagement as co-constructing knowledge: A moral necessity in public health research. Bioethics 2019; 33:805-813. [PMID: 31099899 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Undertaking engagement in public health research is ethically essential. There is a growing emphasis on practicing engagement as the co-construction of knowledge, which goes beyond other common forms of engagement in health research practice: consulting and informing. Taking such an approach means researchers jointly construct knowledge with research users and beneficiaries; all parties design and conduct research together and share decision-making power. This article makes the normative argument that such engagement is necessary to achieve the foundational moral aims of public health research-building relations of equality and addressing the health needs of those considered disadvantaged-which reflect the field's underlying commitment to social justice. It next identifies and discusses three ways in which co-constructing knowledge advances those moral aims: by facilitating self-determination, supporting individuals' right to research, and maximizing social knowledge to address cognitive and epistemic injustice. Objections to the arguments presented in the article are then articulated and defended against.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Pratt
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Abstract
Contemporary calls for participatory research raise unique ethical questions. Our semi-participatory mixed-methodology study of the needs of autistic adults in Israel utilized an advisory committee of autistic persons. This article discusses three fundamental ethical issues that emerged in the study. First, employing formal diagnosis and legal guardian approval as inclusion criteria may result in the unjust exclusion of self-diagnosed autistics and those who are cognitively able to consent and participate. Second, adopting a participatory research approach does not in itself guarantee participatory justice; the representation of diverse groups from the community must be ensured. Finally, regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a medical diagnosis requires indisputable confidentiality which may conflict with the personal choice to waive anonymity and be recognized by name. Researchers and ethical committees should take these ethical challenges into account when conducting and reviewing studies with and about autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Weksler-Derri
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Uri Shwed
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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21
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Wilson PT, Giessler K, Morris MC. Impact of a Clinical Trial in Two District Hospitals in Ghana: Perspectives of Ghanaian Researchers. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2018; 13:486-493. [PMID: 30296898 DOI: 10.1177/1556264618804965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Conducting clinical trials in resource-poor settings may contribute to local capacity building. We describe the perspectives of local research personnel regarding the impact of collaborating in a clinical trial in rural Ghana. Forty-six Ghanaian research personnel were eligible to complete an anonymous survey, and 35 (76%) participated. Of the 35 respondents, 32 (91%) agreed that future patients will benefit because the hospital was part of the study. All 35 respondents reported a personal benefit derived from study involvement, most commonly citing skills or knowledge gained. Of the 35 individuals, 21 reported one or more burdens, most commonly citing nonspecific research responsibilities. Our data support the hypothesis that participation in clinical trials can contribute to capacity building in district hospitals in a lower middle-income country.
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22
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Golembiewski EH, Holmes AM, Jackson JR, Brown-Podgorski BL, Menachemi N. Interdisciplinary Dissertation Research Among Public Health Doctoral Trainees, 2003-2015. Public Health Rep 2018; 133:182-190. [PMID: 29438623 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918754558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the call for more interdisciplinary research in public health, the objectives of this study were to (1) examine the correlates of interdisciplinary dissertation completion and (2) identify secondary fields most common among interdisciplinary public health graduates. METHODS We analyzed pooled cross-sectional data from 11 120 doctoral graduates in the Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2003-2015. The primary outcome was interdisciplinary dissertation completion. Covariates included primary public health field, sociodemographic characteristics, and institutional attributes. RESULTS From 2003 to 2015, a total of 4005 of 11 120 (36.0%) doctoral graduates in public health reported interdisciplinary dissertations, with significant increases observed in recent years. Compared with general public health graduates, graduates of environmental health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74; P < .001) and health services administration (OR = 1.38; P < .001) doctoral programs were significantly more likely to report completing interdisciplinary dissertation work, whereas graduates from biostatistics (OR = 0.51; P < .001) and epidemiology (OR = 0.76; P < .001) were less likely to do so. Completing an interdisciplinary dissertation was associated with being male, a non-US citizen, a graduate of a private institution, and a graduate of an institution with high but not the highest level of research activity. Many secondary dissertation fields reported by interdisciplinary graduates included other public health fields. CONCLUSION Although interdisciplinary dissertation research among doctoral graduates in public health has increased in recent years, such work is bounded in certain fields of public health and certain types of graduates and institutions. Academic administrators and other stakeholders may use these results to inform greater interdisciplinary activity during doctoral training and to evaluate current and future collaborations across departments or schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Golembiewski
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ann M Holmes
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joanna R Jackson
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brittany L Brown-Podgorski
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nir Menachemi
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Rothwell E, Goldenberg A, Johnson E, Riches N, Tarini B, Botkin JR. An Assessment of a Shortened Consent Form for the Storage and Research Use of Residual Newborn Screening Blood Spots. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2017; 12:335-342. [PMID: 29073807 DOI: 10.1177/1556264617736199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As state newborn screening programs develop approaches to parental permission for the storage and use of residual dried newborn screening samples, it is important to understand how the public comprehends the consent elements. Focus groups in Utah, California, and Michigan ( n = 7 groups, 69 participants) were conducted to evaluate the language on a shortened consent form. Outcomes from the analysis included barriers to conceptualizing biospecimen research, the overly cautious tone and awkwardness of the consent form, and perceptions of community versus individual benefit. This research offers insight on public response to, and comprehension of, commonly used consent language for the storage and use of dried blood spot research in a shortened consent form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beth Tarini
- 3 The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Sassi
- Imperial College Business School, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, London, UK
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25
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Øversveen E, Rydland HT, Bambra C, Eikemo TA. Rethinking the relationship between socio-economic status and health: Making the case for sociological theory in health inequality research. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:103-112. [PMID: 28078944 DOI: 10.1177/1403494816686711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to analyse previous explanations of social inequality in health and argue for a closer integration of sociological theory into future empirical research. METHODS We examine cultural-behavioural, materialist, psychosocial and life-course approaches, in addition to fundamental cause theory. Giddens' structuration theory and a neo-materialist approach, inspired by Bruno Latour, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, are proposed as ways of rethinking the causal relationship between socio-economic status and health. CONCLUSIONS Much of the empirical research on health inequalities has tended to rely on explanations with a static and unidirectional view of the association between socio-economic status and health, assuming a unidirectional causal relationship between largely static categories. We argue for the use of sociological theory to develop more dynamic models that enhance the understanding of the complex pathways and mechanisms linking social structures to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Øversveen
- 1 Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T Rydland
- 1 Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clare Bambra
- 2 Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Terje A Eikemo
- 1 Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Hardy LJ, Hughes A, Hulen E, Schwartz AL. Implementing Qualitative Data Management Plans to Ensure Ethical Standards in Multi-Partner Centers. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2016; 11:191-8. [PMID: 27074911 DOI: 10.1177/1556264616636233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thorough data management is crucial for the protection of people who participate in research and the ability for researchers to share results with the public. The impact of inadequate adherence to data management is particularly evident in small field sites and among vulnerable populations partoicipating in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR). CBPR presents exciting opportunities for multimedia and multi-sectoral dissemination of research results and policy change, especially concerning the impact of research on health equity for underrepresented populations. In this article, we discuss how we defined data boundaries and protections to adhere to ethical standards while also prioritizing data dissemination while using CBPR with American Indians in Arizona. Although complex partnerships can introduce additional risks to data oversight, data management practices can also increase opportunities for wide-reaching dissemination. We hope to contribute to the literature on data sharing in multi-partnership projects to bolster the impact of dissemination while also protecting participants and populations who chose to collaborate in research and policy practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Hardy
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA
| | - Amy Hughes
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hulen
- Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, Health Services Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, USA
| | - Anna L Schwartz
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA
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Kalita A, Shinde S, Patel V. Public health research in India in the new millennium: a bibliometric analysis. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:27576. [PMID: 26282573 PMCID: PMC4539388 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.27576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health research has gained increasing importance in India's national health policy as the country seeks to address the high burden of disease and its inequitable distribution, and embarks on an ambitious agenda towards universalising health care. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at describing the public health research output in India, its focus and distribution, and the actors involved in the research system. It makes recommendations for systematically promoting and strengthening public health research in the country. DESIGN The study was a bibliometric analysis of PubMed and IndMed databases for years 2000-2010. The bibliometric data were analysed in terms of biomedical focus based on the Global Burden of Disease, location of research, research institutions, and funding agencies. RESULTS A total of 7,893 eligible articles were identified over the 11-year search period. The annual research output increased by 42% between 2000 and 2010. In total, 60.8% of the articles were related to communicable diseases, newborn, maternal, and nutritional causes, comparing favourably with the burden of these causes (39.1%). While the burdens from non-communicable diseases and injuries were 50.2 and 10.7%, respectively, only 31.9 and 7.5% of articles reported research for these conditions. The north-eastern states and the Empowered-Action-Group states of India were the most under-represented for location of research. In total, 67.2% of papers involved international collaborations and 49.2% of these collaborations were with institutions in the UK or USA; 35.4% of the publications involved international funding and 71.2% of funders were located in the UK or USA. CONCLUSIONS While public health research output in India has increased significantly, there are marked inequities in relation to the burden of disease and the geographic distribution of research. Systematic priority setting, adequate funding, and institutional capacity building are needed to address these inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuska Kalita
- Department of Population Health, IKP Trust, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vikram Patel
- Sangath, Goa, India
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India;
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Reifsnider E, Bishop SL, An K, Mendias E, Welker-Hood K, Moramarco MW, Davila YR. We stop for no storm: coping with an environmental disaster and public health research. Public Health Nurs 2014; 31:500-7. [PMID: 25284575 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coping with natural disasters is part of the public nurses' role, and the public health nursing (PHN) researcher is doubly challenged with continuing to conduct community-based research in the midst of the disaster. The PHN may provide service along with attempting to continue the research. The challenges faced by public/community health nurse researchers as a result of hurricane Ike are discussed to provide lessons for other public/community health researchers who may be affected by natural disasters in the future. It is important to consider challenges for recruitment and retention of research subjects after a disaster, impact of natural disasters on ongoing research, and opportunities for research to be found in coping with natural disasters. A community-based study that was in progress at the time of hurricane Ike will be used as an example for coping with a natural disaster. We will present "lessons learned" in the hope of helping researchers consider what can go wrong with research studies in the midst of natural disasters and how to proactively plan for keeping research reliable and valid when natural disasters occur. We will also discuss the opportunities for collaborations between researchers and the community following any disaster.
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Kaur P, Chitra GA, Mehendale SM, Katoch VM. Perceptions of State Government stakeholders & researchers regarding public health research priorities in India: an exploratory survey. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139:231-5. [PMID: 24718397 PMCID: PMC4001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health research has several stakeholders that should be involved in identifying public health research agenda. A survey was conducted prior to a national consultation organized by the Department of Health Research with the objective to identify the key public health research priorities as perceived by the State health officials and public health researchers. A cross-sectional survey was done for the State health officials involved in public health programmes and public health researchers in various States of India. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Overall, 35 State officials from 15 States and 17 public health researchers participated in the study. Five leading public health research priorities identified in the open ended query were maternal and child health (24%), non-communicable diseases (22%), vector borne diseases (6%), tuberculosis (6%) and HIV/AIDS/STI (5%). Maternal and child health research was the leading priority; however, researchers also gave emphasis on the need for research in the emerging public health challenges such as non-communicable diseases. Structured initiatives are needed to promote interactions between policymakers and researchers at all stages of research starting from defining problems to the use of research to achieve the health goals as envisaged in the 12th Plan over next five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhdeep Kaur
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Chennai, India
| | | | - Sanjay M. Mehendale
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Chennai, India,Reprint requests: Dr Sanjay M. Mehendale, Director & Scientist G, National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR) # R-127, 3rd Avenue, Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Chennai 600 077, India e-mail:
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Abstract
With the growth of Facebook, public health researchers are exploring the platform's uses in health care. However, little research has examined the relationship between Facebook and traditional hospital quality measures. The authors conducted an exploratory quantitative analysis of hospitals' Facebook pages to assess whether Facebook "Likes" were associated with hospital quality and patient satisfaction. The 30-day mortality rates and patient recommendation rates were used to quantify hospital quality and patient satisfaction; these variables were correlated with Facebook data for 40 hospitals near New York, NY. The results showed that Facebook "Likes" have a strong negative association with 30-day mortality rates and are positively associated with patient recommendation. These exploratory findings suggest that the number of Facebook "Likes" for a hospital may serve as an indicator of hospital quality and patient satisfaction. These findings have implications for researchers and hospitals looking for a quick and widely available measure of these traditional indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Timian
- 1Healthcare Innovation and Technology Lab, New York, NY
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