1
|
Fan J, Zhu J, Zhu H, Xu H. Potential therapeutic targets in myeloid cell therapy for overcoming chemoresistance and immune suppression in gastrointestinal tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104362. [PMID: 38614267 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), myeloid cells play a pivotal role. Myeloid-derived immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are central components in shaping the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor. Within the TME, a majority of TAMs assume an M2 phenotype, characterized by their pro-tumoral activity. These cells promote tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. In contrast, M1 macrophages, under appropriate activation conditions, exhibit cytotoxic capabilities against cancer cells. However, an excessive M1 response may lead to pro-tumoral inflammation. As a result, myeloid cells have emerged as crucial targets in cancer therapy. This review concentrates on gastrointestinal tumors, detailing methods for targeting macrophages to enhance tumor radiotherapy and immunotherapy sensitivity. We specifically delve into monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages' various functions, establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment, promoting tumorigenic inflammation, and fostering neovascularization and stromal remodeling. Additionally, we examine combination therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He J, Miao R, Chen Y, Wang H, Liu M. The dual role of regulatory T cells in hepatitis B virus infection and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunology 2024; 171:445-463. [PMID: 38093705 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major etiologic factor leading to HCC. While there have been significant advancements in controlling HBV replication, achieving a complete cure for HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC) remains an intricate challenge. HBV persistence is attributed to a myriad of mechanisms, encompassing both innate and adaptive immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal in upholding immune tolerance and modulating excessive immune activation. During HBV infection, Tregs mediate specific T cell suppression, thereby contributing to both persistent infection and the mitigation of liver inflammatory responses. Studies have demonstrated an augmented expression of circulating and intrahepatic Tregs in HBV-HCC, which correlates with impaired CD8+ T cell function. Consequently, Tregs play a dual role in the context of HBV infection and the progression of HBV-HCC. In this comprehensive review, we discuss pertinent studies concerning Tregs in HBV infection, HBV-related cirrhosis and HCC. Furthermore, we summarize Treg responses to antiviral therapy and provide Treg-targeted therapies specific to HBV and HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northeast Yunnan Regional Central Hospital, Zhaotong, Yunan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Immunotherapy approaches for hematological cancers. iScience 2022; 25:105326. [PMID: 36325064 PMCID: PMC9619355 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma have traditionally been treated with chemo and radiotherapy approaches. Introduction of immunotherapies for treatment of these diseases has led to patient remissions that would not have been possible with traditional approaches. In this critical review we identify main disease characteristics, symptoms, and current treatment options. Five common immunotherapies, namely checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, cell-based therapies, antibodies, and oncolytic viruses, are described, and their applications in hematological cancers are critically discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Briani C, Visentin A. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Therapies in Chronic Autoimmune Demyelinating Neuropathies. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:874-884. [PMID: 35349079 PMCID: PMC9294114 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases of the peripheral nervous system have so far been treated mainly with exogenous high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), that act through several mechanisms, including neutralization of pathogenic autoantibodies, modulation of lymphocyte activity, interference with antigen presentation, and interaction with Fc receptors, cytokines, and the complement system. Other therapeutic strategies have recently been developed, in part to address the increasing shortage of IVIg, prime among which is the use of B cell depleting monoclonal antibodies, or small molecule inhibitors targeting the B-cell specific kinases. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 + B lymphocytes, is currently the most used, especially in anti-MAG antibody neuropathy and autoimmune neuropathies with antibodies to nodal/paranodal antigens that are unresponsive to IVIg. After several reports of its efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), rituximab is currently under investigation in three Phase 2 trials in CIDP. In addition, the possible role of complement activation in the pathogenesis of chronic autoimmune neuropathies has brought into consideration drugs that can block the complement cascade, such as eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody already assessed in acute polyradiculoneuropathies, and approved for myasthenia gravis. Preliminary data on eculizumab in multifocal motor neuropathy have been published, but randomized controlled studies are pending. Moreover, the neonatal Fc receptor, that recycles IgGs by preventing their lysosome degradation, is an important and attractive pharmacological target. Antibodies against FcRn, which reduce circulating IgG (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic) have been developed. The FcRn blocker efgartigimod, a humanized IgG1-derived Fc fragment, which competitively inhibits the FcRn, has recently been approved for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and is currently under investigation in CIDP. In addition, the anti-human FcRn monoclonal antibody rozanolixizumab is currently being assessed in phase 2 trials in CIDP. However, none of the abovementioned monoclonal antibodies is currently approved for treatment of any immune-mediated neuropathies. While more specific and individualized therapies are being developed, the possibility of combined treatments targeting different pathogenic mechanisms deserves consideration as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Briani
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dash R, Singh SK, Chirmule N, Rathore AS. Assessment of Functional Characterization and Comparability of Biotherapeutics: a Review. AAPS J 2021; 24:15. [PMID: 34931298 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilars is a complex process. The key to their successful development and commercialization is an in-depth understanding of the key product attributes that impact safety and efficacy and the strategies to control them. Functional assessment of mAb is a crucial part of the comparability of biopharmaceutical drugs. The development of a relevant and robust functional assay requires an interdisciplinary approach and sufficient flexibility to balance regulatory concerns as well as dynamics and variability during the manufacturing process. Although many advanced tools are available to study and compare the potency and bioactivity of the protein, most of these techniques suffer from major shortcomings that limit their routine use. These include the complexity of the task, establishment of the relevance of the chosen method with the mechanism of action (MOA) of the biosimilar, cost and extended time of analysis, and often the ambiguity in interpretation of the resulting data. To overcome or to address these challenges, the use of multiple orthogonal state-of-the-art techniques is a necessary prerequisite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozaleen Dash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.,School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lim J, Sari-Ak D, Bagga T. Siglecs as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1178. [PMID: 34827170 PMCID: PMC8615218 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypersialylation is a common post-translational modification of protein and lipids found on cancer cell surfaces, which participate in cell-cell interactions and in the regulation of immune responses. Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon α-keto acids found at the outermost ends of glycans attached to cell surfaces. Given their locations on cell surfaces, tumor cells aberrantly overexpress sialic acids, which are recognized by Siglec receptors found on immune cells to mediate broad immunomodulatory signaling. Enhanced sialylation exposed on cancer cell surfaces is exemplified as "self-associated molecular pattern" (SAMP), which tricks Siglec receptors found on leukocytes to greatly down-regulate immune responsiveness, leading to tumor growth. In this review, we focused on all 15 human Siglecs (including Siglec XII), many of which still remain understudied. We also highlighted strategies that disrupt the course of Siglec-sialic acid interactions, such as antibody-based therapies and sialic acid mimetics leading to tumor cell depletion. Herein, we introduced the central roles of Siglecs in mediating pro-tumor immunity and discussed strategies that target these receptors, which could benefit improved cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey;
| | - Tanaya Bagga
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Rao J, Li J, Wen Q, Wang S, Lou S, Yang T, Li B, Gao L, Zhang C, Kong P, Gao L, Wang M, Zhu L, Xiang X, Zhou S, Liu X, Peng X, Zhong J, Zhang X. Tandem autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: a multiple center prospective study in China. Haematologica 2021; 106:163-172. [PMID: 31780634 PMCID: PMC7776263 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a highly aggressive form of lymphoma with poor clinical outcomes and no standard treatment regimen. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of tandem autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) for adult T-LBL and evaluated prognostic factors affecting survival. A total of 181 newly-diagnosed adult T-LBL patients were enrolled: 89 patients were treated with chemotherapy alone, 46 were allocated to the single auto-HSCT group, 46 were treated with tandem auto-HSCT. Median follow-up time was 37 months; the 3-year progression/relapse rate of the tandem auto- HSCT group was significantly lower than that of the single auto-HSCT and chemotherapy groups (26.5% vs. 53.1% and 54.8%). The 3-year progression- free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of the tandem auto- HSCT group (73.5% and 76.3%) were significantly higher than those of the single auto-HSCT group (46.9% and 58.3%) and the chemotherapy group (45.1% and 57.1%). In the tandem auto-HSCT group, age and disease status after the first transplant impacted OS and PFS. Multivariate analysis identified that disease status after the first transplant was the only independent prognostic factor for patients treated with tandem-HSCT. In addition, diagnostic models of the initial CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28– T-cell ratio in predicting the disease status were found to be significant. Taken together, tandem auto- HSCT can be considered an optimal strategy for adult T-LBL patients. (Study registered at: ChiCTR-ONN-16008480).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Jiali Li
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanbin Wang
- Dept. Hematology, General Hospital of Kunming Military Region of People Liberation Army, Kunming
| | - Shifeng Lou
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yunan Provincial People Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Hematology, Second Yunnan Provincial People Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiyan Kong
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Li Gao
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maihong Wang
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xixi Xiang
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangui Peng
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangfan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical center of hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang TH, Seong BL. Solubility, Stability, and Avidity of Recombinant Antibody Fragments Expressed in Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1927. [PMID: 33101218 PMCID: PMC7546209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solubility of recombinant proteins (i.e., the extent of soluble versus insoluble expression in heterogeneous hosts) is the first checkpoint criterion for determining recombinant protein quality. However, even soluble proteins often fail to represent functional activity because of the involvement of non-functional, misfolded, soluble aggregates, which compromise recombinant protein quality. Therefore, screening of solubility and folding competence is crucial for improving the quality of recombinant proteins, especially for therapeutic applications. The issue is often highlighted especially in bacterial recombinant hosts, since bacterial cytoplasm does not provide an optimal environment for the folding of target proteins of mammalian origin. Antibody fragments, such as single-chain variable fragment (scFv), single-chain antibody (scAb), and fragment antigen binding (Fab), have been utilized for numerous applications such as diagnostics, research reagents, or therapeutics. Antibody fragments can be efficiently expressed in microorganisms so that they offer several advantages for diagnostic applications such as low cost and high yield. However, scFv and scAb fragments have generally lower stability to thermal stress than full-length antibodies, necessitating a judicious combination of designer antibodies, and bacterial hosts harnessed with robust chaperone function. In this review, we discuss efforts on not only the production of antibodies or antibody fragments in microorganisms but also scFv stabilization via (i) directed evolution of variants with increased stability using display systems, (ii) stabilization of the interface between variable regions of heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains through the introduction of a non-native covalent bond between the two chains, (iii) rational engineering of VH-VL pair, based on the structure, and (iv) computational approaches. We also review recent advances in stability design, increase in avidity by multimerization, and maintaining the functional competence of chimeric proteins prompted by various types of chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kang
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chiu ML, Goulet DR, Teplyakov A, Gilliland GL. Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8040055. [PMID: 31816964 PMCID: PMC6963682 DOI: 10.3390/antib8040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure–function relationships of antibodies provides a platform for protein engineering that has been exploited to generate a wide range of biologics for a host of therapeutic indications. In this review, our basic understanding of the antibody structure is described along with how that knowledge has leveraged the engineering of antibody and antibody-related therapeutics having the appropriate antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties. The platforms examined include the development of antibodies, antibody fragments, bispecific antibody, and antibody fusion products, whose efficacy and manufacturability can be improved via humanization, affinity modulation, and stability enhancement. We also review the design and selection of binding arms, and avidity modulation. Different strategies of preparing bispecific and multispecific molecules for an array of therapeutic applications are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Chiu
- Drug Product Development Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Dennis R. Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA;
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lotansing Girase
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka Ganeshrao Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradum Pundlikrao Ige
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gibiansky E, Gibiansky L, Buchheit V, Frey N, Brewster M, Fingerle-Rowson G, Jamois C. Pharmacokinetics, exposure, efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in rituximab-refractory follicular lymphoma patients in the GADOLIN phase III study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1935-1945. [PMID: 31050355 PMCID: PMC6710522 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Rituximab is standard care in a number of lymphoma subtypes, including follicular lymphoma (FL), although many patients are resistant to rituximab, or develop resistance with repeated treatment, and a high proportion relapse. Obinutuzumab is a novel anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody with improved efficacy over rituximab. It is approved for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and for use with bendamustine in patients with rituximab‐relapsed/refractory FL. Methods Using a previously described population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of obinutuzumab in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and CLL, we conducted an exposure‐response analysis using data from 6 clinical trials in patients with CD20+ B‐cell malignancies (CLL11, GADOLIN, GATHER, GAUDI, GAUGUIN and GAUSS) to describe the PK properties of obinutuzumab, identify covariates influencing exposure, and explore how exposure affects safety, efficacy and pharmacodynamics. Results A 2‐compartment model with linear and time‐dependent clearance described obinutuzumab PK. Disease type and subtype, body weight, baseline tumour size, and sex had the largest effects on PK. Obinutuzumab exposure was not associated with occurrence or severity of adverse events, but higher exposure appeared to be associated with greater efficacy, particularly longer progression‐free survival. However, in multivariate Cox regression analysis, progression‐free survival benefit in the obinutuzumab plus bendamustine arm was independent of exposure. Conclusion The updated population PK model reported here accurately describes the PK of obinutuzumab patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and CLL. The selected obinutuzumab dosing regimen offers clinical benefit in a majority of rituximab‐refractory FL patients treated with bendamustine, irrespective of variability in exposure, whilst minimising adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Buchheit
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Frey
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brewster
- Clinical Development, Roche Innovation Center Welwyn, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | | | - Candice Jamois
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fu M, He Q, Guo Z, Zhou X, Li H, Zhao L, Tang H, Zhou X, Zhu H, Shen G, He Y, Lei P. Therapeutic Bispecific T-Cell Engager Antibody Targeting the Transferrin Receptor. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1396. [PMID: 31293575 PMCID: PMC6598450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engager antibodies (BiTE) have been explored as a means to recruit cytolytic T cells to kill tumor cells. The transferrin receptor (TfR) is highly expressed on the surface of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Therefore, it holds great potential in T cell redirecting therapies. In this research, we developed a BiTE targeting TfR and CD3 (TfR-BiTE) and studied its therapeutic impact on TfR-positive cancer. TfR-BiTE had the ability to induce the selective lysis of various TfR-positive cancer cells through the activation of T cells, the release of cytokines, and then the coming proliferation of T cells, whereas TfR-negative cells were not affected. In a subcutaneous HepG2 xenograft model, low concentrations of TfR-BiTE inhibited tumor growth. Overall, these results reveal that TfR-BiTE can selectively deplete TfR-positive HepG2 cells; hence, it represents a novel immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongling Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanaka A, Leung PS, Young HA, Gershwin ME. Therapeutic and immunological interventions in primary biliary cholangitis: from mouse models to humans. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:930-940. [PMID: 30002712 PMCID: PMC6040118 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.70995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu J, Zhang M, Liu D. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ONO/GS-4059: from bench to bedside. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7201-7207. [PMID: 27776353 PMCID: PMC5351700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ibrutinib, has been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia. Acquired resistance to ibrutinib due to BTK C481S mutation has been reported. Mutations in PLC?2 can also mediate resistance to ibrutinib. Untoward effects due to off-target effects are also disadvantages of ibrutinib. More selective and potent BTK inhibitors (ACP-196, ONO/GS-4059, BGB-3111, CC-292) are being investigated. This review summarized the preclinical research and clinical data of ONO/GS-4059.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar S, Saini RV, Mahindroo N. Recent advances in cancer immunology and immunology-based anticancer therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1491-1500. [PMID: 29198747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies offer promise for cure of cancer with specificity and minimal toxicity. Recent developments in cancer immunology have led to the better understanding of role of immune regulatory mechanisms in cancer. There is rapid progress in this field in the last few years. Several clinical studies report the efficacy of immunotherapies for treating cancer. The immunology-based anticancer therapies have shown better safety profiles in clinic as compared to other chemotherapeutic agents, thus increasing interest in this area. This review summarizes recent advances in cancer immunology and discusses tumor microenvironment and immunology-based anticancer therapies, including vaccines and therapies targeting immune checkpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Vohra Saini
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India; Centre of Research on Himalayan Sustainability and Development, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India; Centre of Research on Himalayan Sustainability and Development, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu Z, Xiong D, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen X, Chen Z, Zhan R. Bone marrow stromal cells enhance the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by regulating HES-1 gene expression and H3K27me3 demethylation. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1937-1942. [PMID: 29434893 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are not cured by traditional chemotherapy. One possible explanation for this is that the microenvironment protects CLL cells from both spontaneous- and cytotoxic-mediated apoptosis. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms accounting for these effects, since this information is crucial to understanding CLL physiopathology and identifying potential treatment targets. The CLL cell line L1210 and primary CLL cells were cultured under different conditions: With serum, cyclophosphamide (CTX), or with monolayers and conditioned medium (CM) from the stromal cell line HESS-5. Apoptosis, Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1 (HES-1) gene and protein expression, and histone H3K27me3 DNA demethylation were determined. Co-culture of L1210 cells with HESS-5 cells significantly inhibited serum deprivation- and CTX-induced apoptosis of leukemia cells, and resulted in a significant increase in short-term proliferation. Soluble factors in the CM from HESS-5 cells had a negligible effect. The HESS-5 cell-mediated inhibition of apoptosis of CLL cells was associated with increased HES-1 expression and hypomethylation of the H3K27me3 gene in the leukemia cells. These results indicate that stromal cells enhance the survival of CLL cells by regulating the HES-1 gene and protein expression, as well as H3K27me3 DNA demethylation, and suggest that specific interactions between stromal and leukemia cells may enhance the resistance of leukemia cells to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshu Xu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Donglian Xiong
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jushun Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhe Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhan
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
TP53 Arg72 as a favorable prognostic factor for Chinese diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with CHOP. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:743. [PMID: 29126407 PMCID: PMC5680759 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 Arg72Pro (SNP rs1042522) is associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of NHL. However, the relationship between this SNP and prognosis of DLBCL in Asians is unknown. Methods Genotyping of TP53 Arg72Pro was done in 425 Chinese DLBCL patients. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were treated with R-CHOP, and 136 patients received CHOP or CHOP-like as frontline regimen. Three hundred and ninety-six patients were assessable for the efficacy. Results Patients with Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro at codon 72 of TP53 had a higher complete response rate (61% vs. 44%, P = 0.007) than those with Pro/Pro. In the subgroup treated with CHOP or CHOP-like therapy, patients with Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro showed a higher 5-year overall survival (OS) rate than those with Pro/Pro (68.8% vs. 23.2%, P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed TP53 Arg72 as a favorable prognostic factor in this group. However, the combination of rituximab with CHOP significantly increased the 5-year OS rate of patients with Pro/Pro to 63%. Conclusion This study revealed TP53 Arg72 as a favorable prognostic factor for Chinese DLBCL patients treated with CHOP or CHOP-like as frontline therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Klein C, Bacac M, Umana P, Fingerle-Rowson G. Combination therapy with the type II anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1145-1162. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1373087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Historically, immune-based therapies have played a leading role in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, with the efficacy of stem cell transplantation largely attributable to donor immunity against malignant cells. As new and more targeted immunotherapies have developed, their role in the treatment of hematologic malignancies is evolving and expanding. Herein, we discuss approaches for antigen discovery and review known and novel tumor antigens in hematologic malignancies. We further explore the role of established and investigational immunotherapies in hematologic malignancies, with a focus on personalization of treatment modalities such as cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. Finally, we identify areas of active investigation and development. Immunotherapy is at an exciting crossroads for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, with further investigation aimed at producing effective, targeted immune therapies that maximize antitumor effects while minimizing toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Braun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tobinai K, Klein C, Oya N, Fingerle-Rowson G. A Review of Obinutuzumab (GA101), a Novel Type II Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody, for the Treatment of Patients with B-Cell Malignancies. Adv Ther 2017; 34:324-356. [PMID: 28004361 PMCID: PMC5331088 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obinutuzumab (GA101) is a novel, type II, glycoengineered, humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been developed to address the need for new therapeutics with improved efficacy in patients with lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma of B-cell origin. Obinutuzumab has a distinct mode of action relative to type I anti-CD20 antibodies, such as rituximab, working primarily by inducing direct cell death and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Obinutuzumab is under investigation in a wide-ranging program of clinical trials in patients with B-cell malignancies. Efficacy as monotherapy has been reported in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) of B-cell origin. Improved outcomes have also been noted when obinutuzumab is added to chemotherapy in patients with B-cell NHL, and superiority over rituximab has been reported with combination therapy in patients with CLL. Ongoing research is focusing on developing options for chemotherapy-free treatment and on new combinations of obinutuzumab with novel targeted agents.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Naoko Oya
- Oncology Lifecycle Management Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yaseen MM, Yaseen MM, Alqudah MA. Broadly neutralizing antibodies: An approach to control HIV-1 infection. Int Rev Immunol 2016; 36:31-40. [PMID: 27739924 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1225301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although available antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection to a non-fatal chronic disease, the economic burden of lifelong therapy, severe adverse ART effects, daily ART adherence, and emergence of ART-resistant HIV-1 mutants require prospecting for alternative therapeutic modalities. Indeed, a growing body of evidence suggests that broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (BNAbs) may offer one such feasible alternative. To evaluate their therapeutic potential in established HIV-1 infection, we sought to address recent advances in pre-clinical and clinical investigations in this area of HIV-1 research. In addition, we addressed the obstacles that may impede the success of such immunotherapeutic approach, suggested strategic solutions, and briefly compared this approach with the currently used ART to open new insights for potential future passive immunotherapy for HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Yaseen
- b Department of Public Health, College of Nursing , University of Benghazi , Benghazi , Libya
| | - Mohammad Ali Alqudah
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu J, Liu C, Tsui ST, Liu D. Second-generation inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:80. [PMID: 27590878 PMCID: PMC5010774 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical effector molecule for B cell development and plays a major role in lymphoma genesis. Ibrutinib is the first-generation BTK inhibitor. Ibrutinib has off-target effects on EGFR, ITK, and Tec family kinases, which explains the untoward effects of ibrutinib. Resistance to ibrutinib was also reported. The C481S mutation in the BTK kinase domain was reported to be a major mechanism of resistance to ibrutinib. This review summarizes the clinical development of novel BTK inhibitors, ACP-196 (acalabrutinib), ONO/GS-4059, and BGB-3111.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Christina Liu
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stella T Tsui
- SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Goy A, Forero A, Wagner-Johnston N, Christopher Ehmann W, Tsai M, Hatake K, Ananthakrishnan R, Volkert A, Vandendries E, Ogura M. A phase 2 study of inotuzumab ozogamicin in patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma refractory to rituximab alone, rituximab and chemotherapy, or radioimmunotherapy. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:571-81. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center; HUMC; Hackensack NJ USA
| | - Andres Forero
- University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michinori Ogura
- Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital; Nagoya Japan
- Tokai Central Hospital; Kakamigahara Gifu Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Role of Rituximab and Rituximab Biosimilars in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:175-81. [PMID: 26906106 PMCID: PMC10130787 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), is the most-common subtype of NHL. DLBCL can be classified into at least 3 major immunologically distinct types, which contributes to considerable variation in disease prognosis and response to treatment. DLBCL potentially is curable, even when diagnosed at advanced stages. The current standard of care for most patients with untreated or relapsed/refractory DLBCL is chemoimmunotherapy containing rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. With advanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DLBCL and specific signaling pathways that are activated in different subtypes, potential new therapeutic targets have been identified, some of which are at the late stages of clinical development. This review summarizes the critical role of rituximab in the current standard of care treatment for DLBCL and discusses why rituximab is likely to remain an important component of treatment options for DLBCL in the foreseeable future. In addition, current and emerging therapeutic agents, including potential benefits of rituximab biosimilars, for patients with DLBCL are discussed. The advent of rituximab biosimilars may facilitate accessibility of rituximab-based chemotherapies to patients with DLBCL and has potential cost-saving benefits for healthcare systems globally.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wootla B, Watzlawik JO, Stavropoulos N, Wittenberg NJ, Dasari H, Abdelrahim MA, Henley JR, Oh SH, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M. Recent Advances in Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:827-839. [PMID: 26914737 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1158809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS and results in neurological disability. Existing immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive approaches lower the number of relapses but do not cure or reverse existing deficits nor improve long-term disability in MS patients. AREAS COVERED Monogenic antibodies were described as treatment options for MS, however the immunogenicity of mouse antibodies hampered the efficacy of potential therapeutics in humans. Availability of improved antibody production technologies resulted in a paradigm shift in MS treatment strategies. In this review, an overview of immunotherapies for MS that use conventional monoclonal antibodies reactive to immune system and their properties and mechanisms of action will be discussed, including recent advances in MS therapeutics and highlight natural autoantibodies (NAbs) that directly target CNS cells. EXPERT OPINION Recent challenges for MS therapy are the identification of relevant molecular and cellular targets, time frame of treatment, and antibody toxicity profiles to identify safe treatment options for MS patients. The application of monoclonal antibody therapies with better biological efficacy associated with minimum side effects possesses huge clinical potential. Advances in monoclonal antibody technologies that directly target cells of nervous system may promote the CNS regeneration field from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Wootla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jens O Watzlawik
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nikolaos Stavropoulos
- Department of General Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 1, 500 38, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan J Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, 4-174 Keller Hall Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, 4-174 Keller Hall Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harika Dasari
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Murtada A Abdelrahim
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John R Henley
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, 4-174 Keller Hall Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, 4-174 Keller Hall Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Arthur E Warrington
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu J, Zhang M, Liu D. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): a selective second-generation BTK inhibitor. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:21. [PMID: 26957112 PMCID: PMC4784459 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more targeted agents become available for B cell malignancies with increasing precision and potency. The first-in-class Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ibrutinib, has been in clinical use for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. More selective BTK inhibitors (ACP-196, ONO/GS-4059, BGB-3111, CC-292) are being explored. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a novel irreversible second-generation BTK inhibitor that was shown to be more potent and selective than ibrutinib. This review summarized the preclinical research and clinical data of acalabrutinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tu Z, Xiao R, Xiong J, Tembo KM, Deng X, Xiong M, Liu P, Wang M, Zhang Q. CCR9 in cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:10. [PMID: 26879872 PMCID: PMC4754913 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is one of the most challenging major public health problems. The main challenges faced by clinicians in the management and treatment of cancer mainly arise from difficulties in early diagnosis and the emergence of tumor chemoresistance and metastasis. The structures of chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) and its specific ligand chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) have been elucidated, and, interestingly, a number of studies have demonstrated that CCR9 is a potential tumor biomarker in diagnosis and therapy, as it has been found to be highly expressed in a wide range of cancers. This expression pattern suggests that CCR9 may participate in many important biological activities involved in cancer progression. Researchers have shown that CCR9 that has been activated by its specific ligand CCL25 can interact with many signaling pathways, especially those involved in tumor chemoresistance and metastasis. This review, therefore, focuses on CCR9 induction activity and summarizes what is currently known regarding its role in cancers and its potential application in tumor-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Ruijing Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Kingsley M Tembo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Meng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Solimando AG, Ribatti D, Vacca A, Einsele H. Targeting B-cell non Hodgkin lymphoma: New and old tricks. Leuk Res 2016; 42:93-104. [PMID: 26818572 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The management of B-cell malignancies continues to pose a clinical challenge. In the past years, rituximab (anti-CD20) emerged as the standard of care in the induction treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), as well as in other subsets. Since the benefits of immuno-chemotherapy have been clearly demonstrated in a whole range of lymphomas, several innovative approaches are being explored to achieve significant responses, particularly in refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases. Studies of the comparative effectiveness and structure/function relationship of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, together with an increased understanding of the molecular features of NHLs, have led to the development of a range of novel therapies, many of which target the tumor in a tailored fashion. Although several molecules can help clinicians to dissect the pathological mechanisms acting in the natural history of the disease, the main purpose of this review emphasize the recent developments in targeting the B-cell NHLs surface. These novel approaches are illustrated, and the new intriguing opportunities offered by bispecific antibodies and antibody-associated immune modulation are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) recognize two different epitopes. This dual specificity opens up a wide range of applications, including redirecting T cells to tumor cells, blocking two different signaling pathways simultaneously, dual targeting of different disease mediators, and delivering payloads to targeted sites. The approval of catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM and anti-CD3) and blinatumomab (anti-CD19 and anti-CD3) has become a major milestone in the development of bsAbs. Currently, more than 60 different bsAb formats exist, some of them making their way into the clinical pipeline. This review summarizes diverse formats of bsAbs and their clinical applications and sheds light on strategies to optimize the design of bsAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Fan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, No 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zujian Wang
- Shunyi District Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing City, Beijing, 101300, China.
| | - Mingju Hao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, No 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, No 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Erker C, Harker-Murray P, Burke MJ. Emerging immunotherapy in pediatric lymphoma. Future Oncol 2015; 12:257-70. [PMID: 26616565 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma collectively are the third most common cancer diagnosed in children each year. For children who relapse or have refractory disease, outcomes remain poor. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a novel approach to treat hematologic malignancies. The field has been rapidly expanding over the past few years broadening its armamentarium which now includes monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and cellular therapies including bispecific T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells. Many of these agents are in their infancy stages and only beginning to make their mark on lymphoma treatment while others have begun to show promising efficacy in relapsed disease. In this review, the authors provide an overview of current and emerging immunotherapies in the field of pediatric lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Erker
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paul Harker-Murray
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael J Burke
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cang S, Iragavarapu C, Savooji J, Song Y, Liu D. ABT-199 (venetoclax) and BCL-2 inhibitors in clinical development. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:129. [PMID: 26589495 PMCID: PMC4654800 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of new agents targeting CD20, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and phosphoinositol-3 kinase for chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), more treatment options exist than ever before. B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) plays a major role in cellular apoptosis and is a druggable target. Small molecule inhibitors of BCL-2 are in active clinical studies. ABT-199 (venetoclax, RG7601, GDC-0199) has been granted breakthrough designation by FDA for relapsed or refractory CLL with 17p deletion. In this review, we summarized the latest clinical development of ABT-199/venetoclax and other novel agents targeting the BCL-2 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, The Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaitanya Iragavarapu
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
| | - John Savooji
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
| | - Yongping Song
- Henan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Henan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rylova SN, Del Pozzo L, Klingeberg C, Tönnesmann R, Illert AL, Meyer PT, Maecke HR, Holland JP. Immuno-PET Imaging of CD30-Positive Lymphoma Using 89Zr-Desferrioxamine-Labeled CD30-Specific AC-10 Antibody. J Nucl Med 2015; 57:96-102. [PMID: 26514172 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.162735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The CD30-specific antibody-drug conjugate, brentuximab vedotin, is approved for the treatment of relapsed, refractory Hodgkin lymphomas and systemic anaplastic large T-cell lymphomas. Multiple ongoing clinical trials are investigating brentuximab vedotin efficacy in other CD30-positive hematologic malignancies. Because CD30 expression varies among different types of lymphoma and can also change during the course of treatment, companion diagnostic imaging of CD30 could be a valuable tool in optimizing patient-specific brentuximab vedotin treatment regimens. METHODS The mouse antihuman CD30 antibody AC-10 was radiolabeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide (89)Zr. The stability and specificity of (89)Zr-desferrioxamine (DFO)-labeled CD30-specific AC-10 antibody ((89)Zr-DFO-AC-10) was evaluated in vitro. The pharmacokinetics of (89)Zr-DFO-AC-10 was studied in BALB/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous human Karpas 299 tumors (CD30-positive model) or A-431 tumors (CD30-negative model) using PET/CT imaging, biodistribution studies, and autoradiography. RESULTS AC-10 was conjugated with a DFO B chelator and radiolabeled with (89)Zr to give formulated (89)Zr-DFO-AC-10 with a radiochemical yield of 80%, radiochemical purity greater than 99%, and specific activity of 111-148 MBq/mg. (89)Zr-DFO-AC-10 was stable in mouse and human sera and preserved the immunoreactivity toward CD30. Biodistribution data showed the highest tissue accumulation of (89)Zr-DFO-AC-10 in CD30-positive tumors, with 37.9% ± 8.2% injected activity per gram of tissue at 72 h after injection, whereas uptake in CD30-negative tumors was 11.0% ± 0.4%. The specificity of (89)Zr-DFO-AC-10 binding to CD30 in vivo was confirmed by blocking studies. Time-activity curves showed that between 24 and 144 h after injection, tumor-to-muscle ratios increased from 18.9 to 51.8 in the CD30-positive model and from 4.8 to 8.7 in the CD30-negative model. Tumor-to-blood ratios also increased, from 3.2 to 13.6 and from 1 to 2 in the CD30-positive and -negative models, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that for measuring CD30 expression, (89)Zr-DFO-AC-10 is a sensitive PET agent with high tumor-to-normal-tissue contrast. (89)Zr-DFO-AC-10 is a promising CD30-imaging radiotracer for clinical translation in patients with various lymphomas and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Rylova
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Luigi Del Pozzo
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Cathrin Klingeberg
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Tönnesmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna L Illert
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helmut R Maecke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jason P Holland
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pham LV, Lu G, Tamayo AT, Chen J, Challagundla P, Jorgensen JL, Medeiros LJ, Ford RJ. Establishment and characterization of a novel MYC/BCL2 "double-hit" diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell line, RC. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:121. [PMID: 26515759 PMCID: PMC4627381 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoid malignancy worldwide. Approximately 5 % of cases of DLBCL are so-called double-hit lymphomas (DHL), defined by a chromosomal translocation or rearrangement involving MYC/8q24.2 in combination with another recurrent breakpoint, usually BCL2/18q21.3. Patients with MYC/BCL2 DHL are resistant to standard front-line therapy, and currently, there is no consensus for a therapeutic strategy to treat these patients. Lack of clinically relevant or validated human experimental DHL models of any type that would improve our understanding of the biologic basis of MYC/BCL2 DHL pathophysiology continues to hamper identification of valid therapeutic targets. We describe a unique MYC/BCL2 DHL cell line with morphologic features of DLBCL that we have established, designated as RC. METHODS We used tissue culture techniques to establish the RC cell line from primary DLBCL cells. We also utilized molecular and cellular biological techniques including flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA fingerprinting, reverse-phase protein array, conventional cytogenetics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to characterize the RC cell line. NSG-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were utilized as a model for xeno-transplantation of RC cells. RESULTS RC cells had the following immunophenotype: positive for CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD38, CD43, CD44, and CD79b and negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11c, CD14, CD30, CD56, and CD200, which was identical to the primary tumor cells. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed a t(2;8)(p12;q24.2) and t(14;18)(q32;q21.3), corresponding to MYC and BCL2 gene rearrangements, respectively. DNA fingerprinting authenticated the RC cell line to be of the same clone as the primary tumor cells. In addition, RC cells were established in SCID mice as an in vivo model for translational therapeutics studies. Proteomic analysis showed activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in RC cells that can be targeted with an mTOR inhibitor. CONCLUSION The data presented confirm the validity of the RC cell line as a representative model of MYC/BCL2 DHL that will be useful for both in vitro and in vivo studies of DHL pathogenesis and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan V Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Gary Lu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Archito T Tamayo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pramoda Challagundla
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Jorgensen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard J Ford
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 54, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu L, Zhang Y, Luo G, Li Y. The roles of stem cell memory T cells in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:113. [PMID: 26462561 PMCID: PMC4605076 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is rapidly migrating from bench to clinical therapy for hematological malignancies. Recently, a new subtype of memory T cells, stem cell memory T (TSCM) cells, was shown to be one of the most favorable subsets for ACT. TSCM has high self-renewal capacity and is associated with superior T cell engraftment, persistence, and antitumor immunity. In this review, we focused on the characteristics of antigen-specific TSCM cells and discussed their potential for immunotherapy targeting hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Gengxin Luo
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Increase of PD-L1 expressing B-precursor ALL cells in a patient resistant to the CD19/CD3-bispecific T cell engager antibody blinatumomab. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:111. [PMID: 26449653 PMCID: PMC4599591 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The bispecific T cell engager blinatumomab has shown encouraging clinical activity in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, about half of relapsed/refractory patients do not respond to therapy. Here, we present the case of a 32-year-old male patient with refractory B-precursor ALL who was resistant to treatment with blinatumomab. Bone marrow immunohistochemistry revealed T cell infiltrates and an increase in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive ALL cells as a potential immune escape mechanism. We were able to recapitulate the clinical observation in vitro by showing that blinatumomab was not able to mediate cytotoxicity of CD19-positive ALL cells using autologous T cells. In contrast, the addition of healthy donor T cells led to lysis of ALL cells. These results strongly encourage further systematic evaluation of checkpoint molecules in cases of blinatumomab treatment failure and might highlight a possible mechanism to overcome resistance to this otherwise highly effective treatment.
Collapse
|
37
|
Fan D, Li W, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Yan Y, Yang M, Wang J, Xiong D. Redirection of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes via an anti-CD3 × anti-CD19 bi-specific antibody combined with cytosine arabinoside and the efficient lysis of patient-derived B-ALL cells. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:108. [PMID: 26444983 PMCID: PMC4596481 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is derived from B cell progenitors. Recently, the development of appropriate combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy represents a promising approach for eliminating cancer. We previously constructed an anti-CD3 × anti-CD19 bi-specific antibody in a diabody configuration and its disulfide-stabilized format (ds-diabody). The combination of the diabody or ds-diabody and Ara-C was highly effective in enhancing the cytotoxicity of T cells against the CD19+ human leukemia cell-line, Nalm-6, both in vitro and in vivo. This study verified whether B-ALL patient-derived cells were sensitive to the diabody or ds-diabody and low-dosage Ara-C combination. Methods This study aimed to detect the B7 family members B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) that were expressed in B-ALL patient-derived cells pre-treated by Ara-C (0.25 μM) and to determine the targeted killing ability of T cell subtypes induced by the diabody or ds-diabody combination with Ara-C both in vitro and in vivo. We also determined the levels of the cytokines that were released by activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells during therapy. Result Low-dose Ara-C enhanced CD80 and CD86 expression in nearly 50 % of specimens of B-ALL patient-derived cells. A combination of diabody or ds-diabody and Ara-C enhanced T cell against B-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were potently activated. Expression of CD25 and CD69 was augmented equally by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. However, CD8+ T cells made the major contribution by redirecting target cell lysis in a granzyme B and perforin-dependent mechanism. CD4+ T cells played an important immunomodulatory role by secreting IL2. Consequently, IL3, IL6, TNFα, and IFNγ were also released by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells following diabody-mediated T cell activation. Conclusion T cell therapy induced by diabody or ds-diabody combined with low dose of Ara-C was effective against cancer cell-lines and in clinical trials. In vivo, the ds-diabody was more efficient than its parent diabody due to its enhanced stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T. Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tse E, Kwong YL. T-cell lymphoma: Microenvironment-related biomarkers. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 34:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
39
|
Wu J, Fu J, Zhang M, Liu D. Blinatumomab: a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) antibody against CD19/CD3 for refractory acute lymphoid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:104. [PMID: 26337639 PMCID: PMC4558758 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy has been the forefront of cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy is the most recent focus. In addition, novel immunotherapeutics targeting B cell receptor signaling (e.g., ibrutinib), T cell receptor ( e.g., CART19), and NK cells (e.g., AFM13) are being developed. This review summarized the new development in blinatumomab (MT103/MEDI-538), a first-in-class bispecific T engager (BiTE) antibody against CD19/CD3 in patients with relapsed/refractory precursor B cell acute lymphoid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiaping Fu
- Department of Hematology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Division of Hematology & Oncology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu Y, Hu J, Wang X, Xuan L, Lai J, Xu L, Chen S, Yang L, Luo G, Zhu K, Wu X, Li Y. Overexpression of MALT1-A20-NF-κB in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2015. [PMID: 26213496 PMCID: PMC4514975 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A20 is a dual inhibitor of NF-κB activation and apoptosis in the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling pathway, and both are related to tumorigenesis. A20 is frequently inactivated by deletions and/or mutations in several B and T cell lymphoma subtypes; however, knowledge of the role of A20 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains limited. In this study, we characterized the A20 gene expression pattern, the expression level of its upstream regulating factor MALT1, and its downstream target NF-κB in adult B-ALL. Methods The expression level of MALT1, A20 and NF-κB1 was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 patients with adult B-ALL (including 12 de novo B-ALL and 8 refractory/relapse B-ALL cases), and nine patients with B-ALL in complete remission (CR) using real-time PCR. Sixteen healthy individuals served as controls. Results Significant A20 overexpression was found in the B-ALL (median: 13.489) compared with B-ALL CR (median: 3.755) (P = 0.003) patients and healthy individuals (median: 8.748) (P = 0.002), while there was no significant difference in A20 expression between B-ALL CR patients and healthy individuals (P = 0.107). Interestingly, the A20 expression level in the B-ALL samples was relatively different with approximately 50% of the B-ALL cases showing a relatively high A20 expression level, while the remaining 50% cases demonstrated slight upregulation or a similar expression level as the healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference in the A20 expression level between de novo B-ALL (median 12.252) and refractory/relapse B-ALL patients (median 21.342) (P = 0.616). Similarly, a significantly higher expression level of NF-κB1 was found in the B-ALL (median 1.062) patients compared with healthy individuals (median 0.335) (P < 0.0001), while the NF-κB1 expression level was downregulated in the B-ALL CR group (median 0.339), which was significantly lower than that in those with B-ALL (P = 0.001). Moreover, the MALT1 expression level in B-ALL was upregulated (median 1.938) and significantly higher than that in healthy individuals (median 0.677) (P = 0.002) and B-ALL CR patients (median 0.153) (P = 0.008). The correlation of the expression levels of all three genes was lost in B-ALL. Conclusions We found that MALT1-A20-NF-κB is overexpressed in adult B-ALL, which may be related to the pathogenesis of B-ALL, and this pathway may be considered a potentially attractive target for the development of B-ALL therapeutics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0222-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Junyan Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China.,Department of Emergency, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Li Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jing Lai
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Gengxin Luo
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Kanger Zhu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China.,Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Battella S, Cox MC, Santoni A, Palmieri G. Natural killer (NK) cells and anti-tumor therapeutic mAb: unexplored interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:87-96. [PMID: 26136506 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5vmr0415-141r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting mAb are widely used in the treatment of a variety of solid and hematopoietic tumors and represent the first immunotherapeutic approach successfully arrived to the clinic. Nevertheless, the role of distinct immune mechanisms in contributing to their therapeutic efficacy is not completely understood and may vary depending on tumor- or antigen/antibody-dependent characteristics. Availability of next-generation, engineered, tumor-targeting mAb, optimized in their capability to recruit selected immune effectors, re-enforces the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying anti-tumor mAb functionality. NK cells participate with a major role to innate anti-tumor responses, by exerting cytotoxic activity and producing a vast array of cytokines. As the CD16 (low-affinity FcγRIIIA)-activating receptor is expressed on the majority of NK cells, its effector functions can be ideally recruited against therapeutic mAb-opsonized tumor cells. The exact role of NK cells in determining therapeutic efficacy of tumor-targeting mAb is still unclear and much sought after. This knowledge will be instrumental to design innovative combination schemes with newly validated immunomodulatory agents. We will summarize what is known about the role of NK cells in therapeutic anti-tumor mAb therapy, with particular emphasis on RTX chimeric anti-CD20 mAb, the first one used in clinical practice for treating B cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battella
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Christina Cox
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
D’Amico E, Caserta C, Patti F. Monoclonal antibody therapy in multiple sclerosis: critical appraisal and new perspectives. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:251-68. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1008458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|