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Robertson BM, Fane ME, Weeraratna AT, Rebecca VW. Determinants of resistance and response to melanoma therapy. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:964-982. [PMID: 39020103 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is among the most enigmatic advanced cancers to clinically manage despite immense progress in the way of available therapeutic options and historic decreases in the melanoma mortality rate. Most patients with metastatic melanoma treated with modern targeted therapies (for example, BRAFV600E/K inhibitors) and/or immune checkpoint blockade (for example, anti-programmed death 1 therapy) will progress, owing to profound tumor cell plasticity fueled by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms and dichotomous host microenvironmental influences. Here we discuss the determinants of tumor heterogeneity, mechanisms of therapy resistance and effective therapy regimens that hold curative promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey M Robertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell E Fane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vito W Rebecca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Malekan M, Haass NK, Rokni GR, Gholizadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Kazeminejad A. VEGF/VEGFR axis and its signaling in melanoma: Current knowledge toward therapeutic targeting agents and future perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 345:122563. [PMID: 38508233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer-associated deaths globally. The progression of melanoma is influenced by a number of pathogenic processes. Understanding the VEGF/VEGFR axis, which includes VEGF-A, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D and their receptors, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, is of great importance in melanoma due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. This axis generates multifactorial and complex cellular signaling, engaging the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, PKC, PLC-γ, and FAK signaling pathways. Melanoma cell growth and proliferation, migration and metastasis, survival, and acquired resistance to therapy are influenced by this axis. The VEGF/VEGFR axis was extensively examined for their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in melanoma patients and results showed that VEGF overexpression can be associated with unfavorable prognosis, higher level of tumor invasion and poor response to therapy. MicroRNAs linking to the VEGF/VEGFR axis were identified and, in this review, divided into two categories according to their functions, some of them promote melanoma angiogenesis (promotive group) and some restrict melanoma angiogenesis (protective group). In addition, the approach of treating melanoma by targeting the VEGF/VEGFR axis has garnered significant interest among researchers. These agents can be divided into two main groups: anti-VEGF and VEGFR inhibitors. These therapeutic options may be a prominent step along with the modern targeting and immune therapies for better coverage of pathological processes leading to melanoma progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | | | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armaghan Kazeminejad
- Department of Dermatology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari, Iran
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3
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Hosseinpour-Soleimani F, Salmasi Z, Ghasemi Y, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A. MicroRNAs and proteolytic cleavage of receptors in cancers: A comprehensive review of regulatory interactions and therapeutic implications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28167. [PMID: 38560206 PMCID: PMC10979173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a challenging disease worldwide, necessitating innovative approaches to better comprehend its underlying molecular mechanisms and devise effective therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in cancer progression due to their regulatory roles in various cellular processes. Moreover, the involvement of unwanted soluble receptors has gained increasing attention because they contribute to tumorigenesis or drug resistance by disrupting normal signaling pathways and neutralizing ligands. This comprehensive review explores the intricate interplay between miRNAs and unwanted-soluble receptors in the context of cancer biology. This study provides an analysis of the regulatory interactions between miRNAs and these receptors, elucidating how miRNAs can either suppress or enhance their expression. MiRNAs can directly target receptor transcripts, thereby regulating soluble receptor levels. They also modulate the proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound receptors into soluble forms by targeting sheddases, such as ADAMs and MMPs. Furthermore, the review delves into the therapeutic potential of manipulating miRNAs to modulate unwanted soluble receptors. Various strategies, including synthetic miRNA mimics or anti-miRNAs, hold promise for restoring or inhibiting miRNA function to counteract aberrant receptor activity. Moreover, exploring miRNA-based delivery systems may provide targeted and precise therapies that minimizing off-target effects. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the intricate regulatory networks involving miRNAs and unwanted soluble receptors in cancer biology thereby uncovering novel therapeutic targets, and paving the way for developing innovative anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseinpour-Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences And, Technologies, Shiraz University Of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences And, Technologies, Shiraz University Of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University Med Ical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Hussain MS, Moglad E, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Singh M, Kukreti N. Exploring the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of Circ-ADAM9 in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155257. [PMID: 38537524 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a recently identified category of closed continuous loop RNA transcripts, serving as a subset of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) with the capacity to modulate genes by acting as microRNA sponges. In the context of cancer growth, numerous investigations have explored the potential functions of circRNAs, revealing their diverse functions either as oncogenes, promoting cancer progression, or as tumor suppressors, mitigating disease development. Among these, circRNA ADAM9 (Circ-ADAM9) is now recognized as an important player in a variety of mechanisms, both physiological and pathological, especially in cancer. The aberrant expression of Circ-ADAM9 has been observed across multiple human malignancies, implying a significant involvement in tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review aims to synthesize recent findings elucidating the function of Circ-ADAM9 in many malignancies. Additionally, the review explores the possibility of Circ-ADAM9 as a valuable biomarker, offering insights into its prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications. By summarizing the latest discoveries in this field, the review contributes to our understanding of the multifaceted contribution of Circ-ADAM9 in tumor biology and its potential applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahaveer Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs, NMIMS University, Shirpur campus, Maharastra 425405, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
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5
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Grenda A, Kuźnar-Kamińska B, Kalinka E, Krawczyk P, Sawicki M, Filip A, Chmielewska I, Frąk M, Krzyżanowska N, Milanowski J. MicroRNA-126 selected with broad-spectrum analysis of microRNAs - a new predictive factor for the effectiveness of immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344858. [PMID: 38469304 PMCID: PMC10925701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Expression of PD-L1 on cancer cells is the only validated predictive factor for immunotherapy in NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) patients. However, on this basis, it is difficult to predict the occurrence of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). MicroRNAs are widely studied as biomarkers of cancers. Our study was designed to determine whether microRNAs can be sensitive predictive factors in the qualification of NSCLC patients to first-line immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. Material and methods The two-stage research on validation group (n=20) and study group (n=35) of patients with advanced NSCLC was conducted. Analysis of microRNAs expression by qPCR in plasma collected prior to the start of immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) or chemoimmunotherapy (combination of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy) was made. Broad-spectrum analysis of microRNAs expression was used in the studied group. Three microRNAs selected in that group as important for the effectiveness of ICIs were then examined in the validation group. Results In the studied group, significantly higher expression of miRNA-126-3p, miR-144-3p and miR-146-5p was observed in patients with long PFS compared to those with short PFS. In the validation group, low miRNA-126 expression indicated lower median progression-free survival and overall survival (2.3 vs. 5.0 months and 5.2 vs 11.2, respectively). These patients had a significantly higher risk of progression (HR= 2.92, 95% CI: 1.01 to 8.40, p=0.04) and death (HR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.22 to 10.84, p=0.02). Conclusion Our study showed that the expression of miR-126 in blood plasma may be a predictive factor for the effectiveness of first-line immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Kuźnar-Kamińska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Kalinka
- Department of Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawicki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Chmielewska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Frąk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Natalia Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Bali JS, Sambyal V, Mehrotra S, Gupta P, Guleria K, Uppal MS, Sudan M. Association of ATG10 rs1864183, ATG16L1 rs2241880 and miR-126 with esophageal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:231. [PMID: 38281293 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India, esophageal cancer (EC) is among the major cause of cancer-related deaths in both sexes. In recent past, autophagy has emerged as one of the crucial process associated with cancer. In the development of EC, the role of autophagy and the precise molecular mechanism involved has yet to be fully understood. Recently, a small number of studies have proposed how variations in autophagy genes affect the growth and development of EC. Micro-RNA's are also known to play a critical role in the development of EC. Here, we examined the relationship between the risk of EC and two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the key autophagy genes, ATG10 rs1864183 and ATG16L1 rs2241880. We also analyzed the association of miR-107 and miR-126 with EC as these miRNA's are associated with autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 230 EC patients and 230 healthy controls from North-west Indian population were enrolled. ATG10 rs1864183 and ATG16L1 rs2241880 polymorphism were analyzed using TaqMan genotyping assay. Expression levels of miR-107 and miR-126 were analyzed through quantitative PCR using SYBR green chemistry. We found significant association of CT + CC genotype (OR 0.64, p = 0.022) in recessive model for ATG10 rs1864183 polymorphism with decreased EC risk. For ATG16L1 rs2241880 polymorphism significant association for AG genotype (OR 1.48, p = 0.05) and G allele (OR 1.43, p = 0.025) was observed for increased EC risk. Expression levels of miR-126 were also found to be significantly up regulated (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ATG10 rs1864183, ATG16L1 rs2241880 and miR-126 may be associated with esophageal carcinogenesis and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh Bali
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manjit Singh Uppal
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Meena Sudan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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7
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Arasi MB, De Luca G, Chronopoulou L, Pedini F, Petrucci E, Flego M, Stringaro A, Colone M, Pasquini L, Spada M, Lulli V, Perrotta MC, Calin GA, Palocci C, Biffoni M, Felicetti F, Felli N. MiR126-targeted-nanoparticles combined with PI3K/AKT inhibitor as a new strategy to overcome melanoma resistance. Mol Ther 2024; 32:152-167. [PMID: 37990493 PMCID: PMC10787166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma poses significant challenges as a highly lethal disease. Despite the success of molecular targeting using BRAFV600E inhibitors (BRAFis) and immunotherapy, the emergence of early recurrence remains an issue and there is the need for novel therapeutic approaches. This study aimed at creating a targeted delivery system for the oncosuppressor microRNA 126 (miR126) and testing its effectiveness in combination with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor for treating metastatic melanoma resistant to BRAFis. To achieve this, we synthesized chitosan nanoparticles containing a chemically modified miR126 sequence. These nanoparticles were further functionalized with an antibody specific to the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) melanoma marker. After evaluation in vitro, the efficacy of this treatment was evaluated through an in vivo experiment using mice bearing resistant human melanoma. The co-administration of miR126 and the PI3K/AKT inhibitor in these experiments significantly reduced tumor growth and inhibited the formation of liver and lung metastases. These results provide evidence for a strategy to target an oncosuppressive nucleic acid sequence to tumor cells while simultaneously protecting it from plasma degradation. The system described in this study exhibits encouraging potential for the effective treatment of therapy-resistant metastatic melanoma while also presenting a prospective approach for other forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatrice Arasi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Research Center for Applied Sciences to the safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC) Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petrucci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Flego
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Colone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lulli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Perrotta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Research Center for Applied Sciences to the safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC) Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felicetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Felli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Liu C, Cong Y, Chen L, Lv F, Cheng L, Song Y, Xing Y. Hsa_circ_0001583 fuels bladder cancer metastasis by promoting staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1-mediated MicroRNA decay. Neoplasia 2024; 47:100963. [PMID: 38176295 PMCID: PMC10805949 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer indicates extra worse prognosis. Accumulating evidence roots for the prominent role of circular RNAs(circRNAs) in bladder cancer, while the mechanisms linking circRNAs and bladder cancer metastasis remain limitedly investigated. Here, we identified a significantly upregulated circRNA candidate, hsa_circ_0001583, from online datasets. Validated by qRT-PCR, PCR, sanger sequencing, actinomycin D and RNase R digestion experiments, hsa_circ_0001583 was proved to be a genuine circular RNA with higher expression levels in bladder cancer tissue. Through gain and loss of function experiments, hsa_circ_0001583 exhibited potent migration and invasion powers both in vitro and in vivo. The staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) was identified as an authentic binding partner for hsa_circ_0001583 through RNA pulldown and RIP experiments. Elevated levels of hsa_circ_0001583 could bind more to SND1 and protect the latter from degradation. Rescue experiments demonstrated that such interaction-induced increased in SND1 levels in bladder cancer cells enabled the protein to pump its endonuclease activity, leading to the degradation of tumor-suppressing MicroRNAs (miRNAs) including miR-126-3p, the suppressor of Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase Domain-Containing Protein 9 (ADAM9), ultimately driving cells into a highly migrative and invasive state. In summary, our study is the first to highlight the upregulation of hsa_circ_0001583 in bladder cancer and its role in downregulating miR-126-3p by binding to and stabilizing the SND1 protein, thereby promoting bladder cancer cell migration and invasion. This study adds hsa_circ_0001583 to the pool of bladder cancer metastasis biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yukun Cong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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9
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Rubatto M, Borriello S, Sciamarrelli N, Pala V, Tonella L, Ribero S, Quaglino P. Exploring the role of epigenetic alterations and non-coding RNAs in melanoma pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:462-474. [PMID: 37788101 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a rare but highly lethal type of skin cancer whose incidence is increasing globally. Melanoma is characterized by high resistance to therapy and relapse. Despite significant advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, many patients experience progression due to resistance mechanisms. Epigenetic changes, including alterations in chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA rearrangements, contribute to neoplastic transformation, metastasis, and drug resistance in melanoma. This review summarizes current research on epigenetic mechanisms in melanoma and their therapeutic potential. Specifically, we discuss the role of histone acetylation and methylation in gene expression regulation and melanoma pathobiology, as well as the promising results of HDAC inhibitors and DNMT inhibitors in clinical trials. We also examine the dysregulation of non-coding RNA, particularly miRNAs, and their potential as targets for melanoma therapy. Finally, we highlight the challenges of epigenetic therapies, such as the complexity of epigenetic mechanisms combined with immunotherapies and the need for combination therapies to overcome drug resistance. In conclusion, epigenetic changes may be reversible, and the use of combination therapy between traditional therapies and epigenetically targeted drugs could be a viable solution to reverse the increasing number of patients who develop treatment resistance or even prevent it. While several clinical trials are underway, the complexity of these mechanisms presents a significant challenge to the development of effective therapies. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of epigenetic mechanisms in melanoma and to develop more effective and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
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10
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Castaldo V, Minopoli M, Di Modugno F, Sacconi A, Liguoro D, Frigerio R, Ortolano A, Di Martile M, Gesualdi L, Madonna G, Capone M, Cirombella R, Catizone A, Del Bufalo D, Vecchione A, Carriero MV, Ascierto PA, Mancini R, Fattore L, Ciliberto G. Upregulated expression of miR-4443 and miR-4488 in drug resistant melanomas promotes migratory and invasive phenotypes through downregulation of intermediate filament nestin. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:317. [PMID: 38008717 PMCID: PMC10680267 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF-mutant melanoma patients benefit from the combinatorial treatments with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. However, acquired drug resistance strongly limits the efficacy of these targeted therapies in time. Recently, many findings have underscored the involvement of microRNAs as main drivers of drug resistance. In this context, we previously identified a subset of oncomiRs strongly up-regulated in drug-resistant melanomas. In this work, we shed light on the molecular role of two as yet poorly characterized oncomiRs, miR-4443 and miR-4488. METHODS Invasion and migration have been determined by wound healing, transwell migration/invasion assays and Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) technology. miR-4488 and miR-4443 have been measured by qRT-PCR. Nestin levels have been tested by western blot, confocal immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses. RESULTS We demonstrate that the two oncomiRs are responsible for the enhanced migratory and invasive phenotypes, that are a hallmark of drug resistant melanoma cells. Moreover, miR-4443 and miR-4488 promote an aberrant cytoskeletal reorganization witnessed by the increased number of stress fibers and cellular protrusions-like cancer cell invadopodia. Mechanistically, we identified the intermediate filament nestin as a molecular target of both oncomiRs. Finally, we have shown that nestin levels are able to predict response to treatments in melanoma patients. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these findings have profound translational implications in the attempt i) to develop miRNA-targeting therapies to mitigate the metastatic phenotypes of BRAF-mutant melanomas and ii) to identify novel biomarkers able to guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Castaldo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic- Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Modugno
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Frigerio
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Ortolano
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Gesualdi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic- Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Madonna
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirombella
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00118, Rome, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic- Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00118, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00118, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Fattore
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
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11
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Gosman LM, Țăpoi DA, Costache M. Cutaneous Melanoma: A Review of Multifactorial Pathogenesis, Immunohistochemistry, and Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15881. [PMID: 37958863 PMCID: PMC10650804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an increasingly significant public health concern. Due to alarming mortality rates and escalating incidence, it is crucial to understand its etiology and identify emerging biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifactorial etiology of CM, underscore the importance of early detection, discuss the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma development and progression, and shed light on the role of the potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of CM involves a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, ultraviolet radiation exposure being the predominant environmental risk factor. The emergence of new biomarkers, such as novel immunohistochemical markers, gene mutation analysis, microRNA, and exosome protein expressions, holds promise for improved early detection, and prognostic and personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Gosman
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Saint Pantelimon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana-Antonia Țăpoi
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Costache
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Samarkina A, Youssef MK, Ostano P, Ghosh S, Ma M, Tassone B, Proust T, Chiorino G, Levesque MP, Goruppi S, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor is a determinant of melanoma targeted drug resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6498. [PMID: 37838724 PMCID: PMC10576812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma provides a primary benchmark for targeted drug therapy. Most melanomas with BRAFV600 mutations regress in response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi). However, nearly all relapse within the first two years, and there is a connection between BRAFi/MEKi-resistance and poor response to immune checkpoint therapy. We reported that androgen receptor (AR) activity is required for melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We show here that AR expression is markedly increased in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, and in sensitive cells soon after BRAFi exposure. Increased AR expression is sufficient to render melanoma cells BRAFi-resistant, eliciting transcriptional changes of BRAFi-resistant subpopulations, including elevated EGFR and SERPINE1 expression, of likely clinical significance. Inhibition of AR expression or activity blunts changes in gene expression and suppresses proliferation and tumorigenesis of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, promoting clusters of CD8+ T cells infiltration and cancer cells killing. Our findings point to targeting AR as possible co-therapeutical approach in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- ORL service and Personalized Cancer Prevention Program, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Proust
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gian Paolo Dotto
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland.
- ORL service and Personalized Cancer Prevention Program, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Épalinges, Switzerland.
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13
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Mohammed AF, Abdelrahman MH, Trembleau L, Youssif BGM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indole-2-carboxamides as Potential Multi-Target Antiproliferative Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1039. [PMID: 37513950 PMCID: PMC10385579 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A small set of indole-based derivatives, IV and Va-I, was designed and synthesized. Compounds Va-i demonstrated promising antiproliferative activity, with GI50 values ranging from 26 nM to 86 nM compared to erlotinib's 33 nM. The most potent antiproliferative derivatives-Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh-were tested for EGFR inhibitory activity. Compound Va demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against EGFR with an IC50 value of 71 ± 06 nM, which is higher than the reference erlotinib (IC50 = 80 ± 05 nM). Compounds Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh were further tested for BRAFV600E inhibitory activity. The tested compounds inhibited BRAFV600E with IC50 values ranging from 77 nM to 107 nM compared to erlotinib's IC50 value of 60 nM. The inhibitory activity of compounds Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh against VEGFR-2 was also determined. Finally, in silico docking experiments attempted to investigate the binding mode of compounds within the active sites of EGFR, BRAFV600E, and VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anber F Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71234, Egypt
| | - Laurent Trembleau
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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14
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Ruffini F, Ceci C, Atzori MG, Caporali S, Levati L, Bonmassar L, Cappellini GCA, D'Atri S, Graziani G, Lacal PM. TARGETING OF PDGF-C/NRP-1 AUTOCRINE LOOP AS A NEW STRATEGY FOR COUNTERACTING THE INVASIVENESS OF MELANOMA RESISTANT TO BRAF INHIBITORS. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106782. [PMID: 37127213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) is often accompanied by a switch from a proliferative to an invasive phenotype. Therefore, the identification of signaling molecules involved in the development of metastatic properties by resistant melanoma cells is of primary importance. We have previously demonstrated that activation of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-C confers melanoma cells with an invasive behavior similar to that of BRAFi resistant tumors. Aims of the present study were to evaluate the role of PDGF-C/NRP-1 autocrine loop in the acquisition of an invasive and BRAFi-resistant phenotype by melanoma cells and the effect of its inhibition on drug resistance and extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion. Furthermore, we investigated whether PDGF-C serum levels were differentially modulated by drug treatment in metastatic melanoma patients responsive or refractory to BRAFi as a single agent or in combination with MEK inhibitors (MEKi). The results indicated that human melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi express higher levels of PDGF-C and NRP-1 as compared to their susceptible counterparts. Overexpression occurs early during development of drug resistance and contributes to the invasive properties of resistant cells. Accordingly, silencing of NRP-1 or PDGF-C reduces tumor cell invasiveness. Analysis of PDGF-C in the serum collected from patients treated with BRAFi or BRAFi+MEKi, showed that in responders PDGF-C levels decrease after treatment and raise again at tumor progression. Conversely, in non-responders treatment does not affect PDGF-C serum levels. Thus, blockade of NRP-1 activation by PDGF-C might represent a new therapeutic approach to counteract the invasiveness of BRAFi-resistant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruffini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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15
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Manzari Tavakoli G, Mirzapour MH, Razi S, Rezaei N. Targeting ferroptosis as a cell death pathway in Melanoma: From molecular mechanisms to skin cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110215. [PMID: 37094541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of human skin cancer, has been under investigation to reach the most efficient treatment. Surgical resection for early-diagnosed primary melanoma, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced/metastatic melanoma is the best clinical approach. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent cell death pathway, which is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis and necrosis, has been reported to be involved in several cancers. Ferroptosis inducers could provide therapeutic options in case of resistance to conventional therapies for advanced/metastatic melanoma. Recently developed ferroptosis inducers, MEK and BRAF inhibitors, miRNAs such as miR-137 and miR-9, and novel strategies for targeting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in melanoma can provide new opportunities for melanoma treatment. Combining ferroptosis inducers with targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors increases patient response rates. Here we review the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its environmental triggers. We also discuss the pathogenesis and current treatments of melanoma. Moreover, we aim to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and melanoma and ferroptosis implications to develop new therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Manzari Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Abd-Allah GM, Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EG, El-Husseiny AA, Abdelmaksoud NM, Salman A, Elkhawaga SY, Doghish AS. miRNAs as potential game-changers in melanoma: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154424. [PMID: 36989843 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the sixth most frequent malignancy. It represents 1.7% of all cancer cases worldwide. Many risk factors are associated with melanoma including ultraviolet radiation skin phenotype, Pigmented Nevi, Pesticides, and genetic and epigenetic factors. Of the main epigenetic factors affecting melanoma are microribonucleic acids (miRNAs). They are short nucleic acid chains that have the potential to prevent the expression of a number of target genes. They could target a number of genes related to melanoma initiation, stemness, angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, and potential resistance to treatment. Additionally, they can control several melanoma signaling pathways, including P53, WNT/-catenin, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, TGF- β, and EGFR. MiRNAs also play a role in the resistance of melanoma to essential treatment regimens. The stability and abundance of miRNAs might be important factors enhancing the use of miRNAs as markers of prognosis, diagnosis, stemness, survival, and metastasis in melanoma patients.
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17
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Huang B, Wu G, Peng C, Peng X, Huang M, Ding J, Zhang H, Wu X. miR-126 regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non-small lung cancer cells via AKT2/HK2 axis. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:186-195. [PMID: 34320278 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study tended to clarify the role of miR-126 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell biological behaviors in vitro, containing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. miRNA expression microarray related to NSCLC was accessed from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and subjected to differential analysis using the "limma" package. Real-time quantitative PCR was conducted to assess the expression of miR-126 in NSCLC cell lines. wIn vitro experiments including 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry assay were used for evaluating the effect of miR-126 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Additionally, target mRNA for miR-126 was predicted and further validated by bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay, respectively. It suggested that miR-126 was significantly down-regulated in NSCLS based on the expression microarray, and similar expression trend was exhibited in cancer cell lines. In the meantime, overexpression of miR-126 was found to result in inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promotion of cell apoptosis, with reductions in protein expression of AKT2 and phosphorylated HK2 (p-HK2) as well. AKT2, identified to be a direct target of miR-126 in NSCLC as judged by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, overexpression of AKT2 was observed to have the ability of elevating p-HK2 protein expression and reversing the effect of miR-126 on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Given the above findings, we can see that miR-126 exerts its role in NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis with the aid of AKT2/HK2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Gongzhi Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Chongxiong Peng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Xuyang Peng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Mingjiang Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jianyang Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Huaizhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Xuhui Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital/The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
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18
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Wang X, Cheng Q. Suppression of exosomal hsa_circ_0001005 eliminates the Vemurafenib resistance of melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-022-04434-y. [PMID: 36598578 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES More and more evidences show that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be used as miRNA sponge to regulate the drug resistance of malignancies, including melanoma. However, how exosomal circRNAs participate in the therapeutic resistance of melanoma remains ambiguous. METHODS Vemurafenib-resistant A375 cells were cultured and then the circRNA profile of exosomes from the parental A375 and A375-resistant cells were sequenced. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), exogenous nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western Blot assays were leveraged to confirm the successful collection of exosomes from A375 and A375R cells. Another five published RNA-seq data and microRNA-seq data, and seven miRNA databases were collected to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was adopted to identify key molecules related to the drug resistance, including multiscale embedded gene co-expression network analysis (MEGENA). Then, qRT-PCR, cell viability and colony formation were used to estimate the function of hub circRNAs. The role of has_circ_0001005 in vivo was verified via xenograft assay. The Tumor online Prognostic analyses Platform (ToPP) was leveraged to develop the has_circ_0001005-related prognostic models for melanoma patients based on TCGA data. RESULTS Compared with parental cells, hsa_circ_0001005 expression was significantly increased in resistant cells and their exosomes. The elevated level of hsa_circ_0001005 was related to the poor clinical prognosis of melanoma patients. Hsa_circ_0001005 found in melanoma was mainly secreted by drug-resistant cells as exosomes. Exosomal hsa_circ_0001005 activated multiple canonical pathways related to drug resistance through sponging four miRNAs, thus suppressing the drug sensitivity of melanoma. Knocking down hsa_circ_0001005 in vitro, we found that the inhibition of hsa_circ_0001005 could hinder the clone formation of melanoma. Further in vivo animal experiments suggested that suppression of hsa_circ_0001005 can increase the sensitivity to Vemurafenib of melanoma cells. Finally, we also constructed the functional regulatory ceRNA network and prognostic risk models for hsa_circ_0001005, and further survival analysis reveals that the regulatory network and prognostic risk models obviously affected the prognosis of melanoma patients. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that the level of hsa_circ_0001005 in exosomes is the key factor affecting drug resistance of melanoma, which provides a new potential therapeutic target for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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19
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Ye Q, Li Z, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Gui R, Cui Y, Zhang Q, Qian L, Xiong Y, Yu Y. Exosome-Derived microRNA: Implications in Melanoma Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010080. [PMID: 36612077 PMCID: PMC9818028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant and aggressive cancer, and its progression is greatly affected by interactions between melanoma cells and their surroundings. Exploration on mechanism of melanoma and improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are becoming increasingly important. Unlike extracellular messengers that mainly work on targeted cells through corresponding receptors, exosomes are essential intercellular messengers that deliver biologically active substances such as nucleic acids and proteins to target cells for cell-cell communication. Of them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are common and important exosomal components that can regulate the expression of a wide range of target genes. Accordingly, exosome-derived miRNAs play a significant role in melanoma progression, including invasion and metastasis, microenvironment establishment, angiogenesis, and immune escape. MiRNA signatures of exosomes are specific in melanoma patients compared to healthy controls, thus circulating miRNAs, especially exosomal miRNAs, become potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for melanoma. This review aims to summarize recent studies on the role of exosomal miRNAs in melanoma as well as ongoing efforts in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ye
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zi Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yang Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Runlin Gui
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yi Yu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
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20
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Goel K, Egersdorf N, Gill A, Cao D, Collum SD, Jyothula SS, Huang HJ, Sauler M, Lee PJ, Majka S, Karmouty-Quintana H, Petrache I. Characterization of pulmonary vascular remodeling and MicroRNA-126-targets in COPD-pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2022; 23:349. [PMID: 36522710 PMCID: PMC9756782 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite causing increased morbidity and mortality, pulmonary hypertension (PH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (COPD-PH) lacks treatment, due to incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial walls and pruning of the microvasculature with loss of capillary beds are known features of pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD. The remodeling features of pulmonary medium- and smaller vessels in COPD-PH lungs are less well described and may be linked to maladaptation of endothelial cells to chronic cigarette smoking (CS). MicroRNA-126 (miR126), a master regulator of endothelial cell fate, has divergent functions that are vessel-size specific, supporting the survival of large vessel endothelial cells and inhibiting the proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells. Since CS decreases miR126 in microvascular lung endothelial cells, we set out to characterize the remodeling by pulmonary vascular size in COPD-PH and its relationship with miR126 in COPD and COPD-PH lungs. METHODS Deidentified lung tissue was obtained from individuals with COPD with and without PH and from non-diseased non-smokers and smokers. Pulmonary artery remodeling was assessed by ⍺-smooth muscle actin (SMA) abundance via immunohistochemistry and analyzed by pulmonary artery size. miR126 and miR126-target abundance were quantified by qPCR. The expression levels of ceramide, ADAM9, and endothelial cell marker CD31 were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Pulmonary arteries from COPD and COPD-PH lungs had significantly increased SMA abundance compared to non-COPD lungs, especially in small pulmonary arteries and the lung microvasculature. This was accompanied by significantly fewer endothelial cell markers and increased pro-apoptotic ceramide abundance. miR126 expression was significantly decreased in lungs of COPD individuals. Of the targets tested (SPRED1, VEGF, LAT1, ADAM9), lung miR126 most significantly inversely correlated with ADAM9 expression. Compared to controls, ADAM9 was significantly increased in COPD and COPD-PH lungs, predominantly in small pulmonary arteries and lung microvasculature. CONCLUSION Both COPD and COPD-PH lungs exhibited significant remodeling of the pulmonary vascular bed of small and microvascular size, suggesting these changes may occur before or independent of the clinical development of PH. Decreased miR126 expression with reciprocal increase in ADAM9 may regulate endothelial cell survival and vascular remodeling in small pulmonary arteries and lung microvasculature in COPD and COPD-PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Goel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Nicholas Egersdorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Amar Gill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Danting Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Scott D Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Soma S Jyothula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Howard J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Transplant Pulmonology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Maor Sauler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, USA
| | - Patty J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Susan Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA.
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21
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The Roles of MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) in Melanoma Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314775. [PMID: 36499102 PMCID: PMC9736803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by life-threatening and rapidly spreading progression. Traditional targeted therapy can alleviate tumors by inactivating hyperactive kinases such as BRAF or MEK but inevitably encounters drug resistance. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment and significantly improved the prognosis of melanoma patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are intricately involved in innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in melanoma immunotherapy. This systematic review describes the roles of miRNAs in regulating the functions of immune cells in skin and melanoma, as well as the involvement of miRNAs in pharmacology including the effect, resistance and immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, which are used for treating cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma. The expressions and functions of miRNAs in immunotherapy employing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists are also discussed. The prospect of innovative therapeutic strategies such as the combined administration of miRNAs and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the nanotechnology-based delivery of miRNAs are also provided. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between miRNAs and immunotherapy is crucial for the discovery of reliable biomarkers and for the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics against melanoma.
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22
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Huang R, Li S, Tian C, Zhou P, Zhao H, Xie W, Xiao J, Wang L, Habimana JDD, Lin Z, Yang Y, Cheng N, Li Z. Thermal stress involved in TRPV2 promotes tumorigenesis through the pathways of HSP70/27 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1424-1439. [PMID: 35896815 PMCID: PMC9553907 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 2 (TRPV2) has been found to participate in the pathogenesis of various types of cancers, however, its role(s) in the tumorigenesis of ESCC remain poorly understood. METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression profiles of TRPV2 in the ESCC patient tissues. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the role of TRPV2 in the tumorigenesis of ESCC. RESULTS Our study first uncovered that the activation of TRPV2 by recurrent acute thermal stress (54 °C) or O1821 (20 μM) promoted cancerous behaviours in ESCC cells. The pro-angiogenic capacity of the ESCC cells was found to be enhanced profoundly and both tumour formation and metastasis that originated from the cells were substantially promoted in nude mouse models upon the activation of TRPV2. These effects were inhibited significantly by tranilast (120 μM) and abolished by TRPV2 knockout. Conversely, overexpression of TRPV2 could switch the cells to tumorigenesis upon activation of TRPV2. Mechanistically, the driving role of TRPV2 in the progression of ESCC is mainly regulated by the HSP70/27 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that TRPV2-PI3K/Akt/mTOR is a novel and promising target for the prevention and treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Cancer Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoxian Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Liang L, Cen H, Huang J, Qin A, Xu W, Wang S, Chen Z, Tan L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Yang X, Zhang L. The reversion of DNA methylation-induced miRNA silence via biomimetic nanoparticles-mediated gene delivery for efficient lung adenocarcinoma therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:186. [PMID: 36171576 PMCID: PMC9516831 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the fatal cancers worldwide, and over 60% of patients are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our clinical data demonstrated that DNA methylation of the promoter region of miR-126-3p was upregulated, which led to the decreased expression of miR-126-3p in 67 cases of lung cancer tissues, implying that miR-126-3p acted as a tumor suppressor. Transduction of miR-126-3p is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating LUAD, yet the physiological environment and properties of miRNA challenge current transduction approaches. Methods We evaluated the expression of miR-126-3p in 67 pairs of lung cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent non-tumorous tissues by Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The relationship between the overall survival of lung cancer patients and miR-126-3p was analyzed by the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort database (Oncolnc, http://www.oncolnc.org). We analyzed DNA methylation Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis. To determine whether ADAM9 is the direct target of miR-126-3p, we performed the 3′-UTR luciferase reporter assay. The protein levels in the cells or tissues were evaluated with western blotting (WB) analysis. The biodistribution of nanoparticles were monitored by in vivo tracking system. Results We describe the development of novel stealth and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-activated biomimetic nanoparticles, which are constructed using MMP2-responsive peptides to bind the miR-126-3p (known as MAIN), and further camouflaged with red blood cell (RBC) membranes (hence named REMAIN). REMAIN was able to effectively transduce miRNA into lung cancer cells and release them via MMP2 responsiveness. Additionally, REMAIN possessed the advantages of the natural RBC membrane, including extended circulation time, lower toxicity, better biocompatibility, and immune escape. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that REMAIN effectively induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells and inhibited LUAD development and progression by targeting ADAM9. Conclusion The novel style of stealth and MMP2-activated biomimetic nanoparticles show great potential in miRNA delivery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01651-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huiyu Cen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jionghua Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Aiping Qin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510182, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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24
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Levati L, Bassi C, Mastroeni S, Lupini L, Antonini Cappellini GC, Bonmassar L, Alvino E, Caporali S, Lacal PM, Narducci MG, Molineris I, De Galitiis F, Negrini M, Russo G, D’Atri S. Circulating miR-1246 and miR-485-3p as Promising Biomarkers of Clinical Response and Outcome in Melanoma Patients Treated with Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153706. [PMID: 35954369 PMCID: PMC9367338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant improvements in advanced melanoma therapy, there is still a pressing need for biomarkers that can predict patient response and prognosis, and therefore support rational treatment decisions. Here, we investigated whether circulating miRNAs could be biomarkers of clinical outcomes in patients treated with targeted therapy. Using next-generation sequencing, we profiled plasma miRNAs at baseline and at progression in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) or BRAFi + MEKi. Selected miRNAs associated with response to therapy were subjected to validation by real-time quantitative RT-PCR . Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), Kaplan–Meier and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on the validated miR-1246 and miR-485-3p baseline levels. The median baseline levels of miR-1246 and miR-485-3p were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the group of patients not responding to therapy (NRs) as compared with the group of responding patients (Rs). In Rs, a trend toward an increase in miR-1246 and a decrease in miR-485-3p was observed at progression. Baseline miR-1246 level and the miR-1246/miR-485-3p ratio showed a good ability to discriminate between Rs and NRs. Poorer PFS and OS were observed in patients with unfavorable levels of at least one miRNA. In multivariate analysis, a low level of miR-485-3p and a high miR-1246/miR-485-3p ratio remained independent negative prognostic factors for PFS, while a high miR-1246/miR-485-3p ratio was associated with an increased risk of mortality, although statistical significance was not reached. Evaluation of miR-1246 and miR-485-3p baseline plasma levels might help clinicians to identify melanoma patients most likely to be unresponsive to targeted therapy or at higher risk for short-term PFS and mortality, thus improving their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (P.M.L.); (M.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (L.L.); (M.N.)
- LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Mastroeni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Lupini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (L.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Gian Carlo Antonini Cappellini
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (G.C.A.C.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Laura Bonmassar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (P.M.L.); (M.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Ester Alvino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Council of Research, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (P.M.L.); (M.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (P.M.L.); (M.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Maria Grazia Narducci
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (P.M.L.); (M.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Department of Life Science and System Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federica De Galitiis
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (G.C.A.C.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (L.L.); (M.N.)
- LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (P.M.L.); (M.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Stefania D’Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (P.M.L.); (M.G.N.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Targeting non-coding RNAs to overcome cancer therapy resistance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:121. [PMID: 35418578 PMCID: PMC9008121 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), rather than protein-coding transcripts, are the preponderant RNA transcripts. NcRNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are widely appreciated as pervasive regulators of multiple cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and genomic instability. Despite recent discoveries in cancer therapy, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy continue to be a major setback. Recent studies have shown that ncRNAs also play a major role in resistance to different cancer therapies by rewiring essential signaling pathways. In this review, we present the intricate mechanisms through which dysregulated ncRNAs control resistance to the four major types of cancer therapies. We will focus on the current clinical implications of ncRNAs as biomarkers to predict treatment response (intrinsic resistance) and to detect resistance to therapy after the start of treatment (acquired resistance). Furthermore, we will present the potential of targeting ncRNA to overcome cancer treatment resistance, and we will discuss the challenges of ncRNA-targeted therapy—especially the development of delivery systems.
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26
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Zhang J, Yin H, Chen Q, Zhao G, Lou W, Wu W, Pu N. Basophils as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:971-984. [PMID: 34904411 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Basophils, which are considered as redundant relatives of mast cells and the rarest granulocytes in peripheral circulation, have been neglected by researchers in the past decades. Previous studies have revealed their vital roles in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Intriguingly, recent studies even reported that basophils might be associated with cancer development, as activated basophils synthesize and release a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to cancers. However, it is still subject to debate whether basophils function as tumor-protecting or tumor-promoting components; the answer may depend on the tumor biology and the microenvironment. Herein, we reviewed the role of basophils in cancers, and highlighted some potential and promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiangda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guochao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. , .,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ,
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Shi X, Xu X, Shi N, Chen Y, Fu M. MicroRNA-520d-3p suppresses melanoma cells proliferation by inhibiting the anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10703-10715. [PMID: 34872448 PMCID: PMC8809954 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common and aggressive malignant form of skin cancer, melanoma has a poor prognosis in its late stage. MicroRNA (miR)-520d-3p has been reported as a key modulator that regulates the development of different types of cancer, but its role in melanoma remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-520d-3p in melanoma. The expression of anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone (ASF1B) and miR-520d-3p in melanoma tissues and cells was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between ASF1B and miR-520d-3p was verified by luciferase activity detection. Cell counting kit-8, bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and cell adhesion assays were performed to detect cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in melanoma cells. ASF1B expression was evidently increased, whereas miR-520d-3p level was downregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. Overexpression of ASF1B enhanced cell growth and adhesion and hampered cell apoptosis in melanoma cells. Furthermore, miR-520d-3p suppressed the tumorigenic effects of melanoma cells. Moreover, miR-520d-3p suppressed the expression of ASF1B to suppress melanoma tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we have found out that miR-520d-3p suppressed melanoma tumorigenesis by inhibiting ASF1B, which could be a promising target for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Xidan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Nian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Manni Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
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Is miRNA Regulation the Key to Controlling Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Evolution? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121929. [PMID: 34946878 PMCID: PMC8701953 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer. It has a number of subtypes, which include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules, capable of regulating gene expression at a post transcriptional level. They play a pivotal role in a variety of physiologic cellular functions and pathologies, including malignant diseases. The development of miRNAs represents an important study field, which has been extensively exploited in melanoma for almost a decade with promising results, therefore we consider it a stepstone for further research projects also in non-melanoma skin cancers. The aim of our study was to explore the current literature in order to present the role of the different miRNAs in some of the most frequent types of NMSC pertaining to oncogenesis, evolution and therapy. The most relevant and accurate available data from the literature were evaluated. Our study concluded that there are almost 100 miRNAs which can be upregulated or downregulated and can play a role in oncogenesis. They can be easily identified in circulation, are stable and they can be important diagnosis/prognosis and therapy monitoring markers.
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Li L, Khan S, Li S, Wang S, Wang F. Noncoding RNAs: emerging players in skin cancers pathogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5591-5608. [PMID: 34873482 PMCID: PMC8640824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin malignancies form in tissues of the skin and are the most frequent cancers in the world, with an increasing incidence and a steady fatality rate. They are classified as melanoma or nonmelanoma cancers, which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Noncoding RNA transcripts have received increased attention after the thorough analysis of the human genome revealed that most of the genomic components are not encoded to protein. MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs are some of the well-studied types of these noncoding regions. The alteration in any of these members' expression is associated intrinsically with human cancers, including skin malignancies, due to their critical functions in cell processes for normal development. As a result, investigating the noncoding component of the transcriptome opens up the possibility of discovering new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses current studies on the involvement of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of human skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of HaripurPakistan
| | - Song Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
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Cui D, Feng Y, Qian R. Up-regulation of microRNA miR-101-3p enhances sensitivity to cisplatin via regulation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) Anti-human AGT4D and autophagy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Bioengineered 2021; 12:8435-8446. [PMID: 34694211 PMCID: PMC8806688 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance hinders the treatment of malignant tumors, and autophagy plays an important role in tumor chemotherapy resistance. However, its mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well-researched. We aim to investigate the role of miR-101-3p in cisplatin-resistant via regulation of autophagy-related protein 4D (ATG4D) and autophagy. Cell viability, apoptosis, fluorescence intensity of GFP-LC3 and RFP-GFP-LC3 were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and Laser scanning confocal microscope analysis, respectively. The levels of LC3II/LC3I, P62 and ATG4D were detected by Western blot. The results showed that the sensitivity to cisplatin in NSCLC cells was up-regulated by miR-101-3p mimics treatment, inducing promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy. Further mechanistic study identified that ATG4D was a direct target of miR-101-3p. Moreover, ATG4D siRNA also could reverse miR-101-3p inhibitor-induced the up-regulation of ATG4D and the ration of LC3II/LC3I, the down-regulation of p62 expression. Our findings indicated that miR-101-3p could regulate sensitivity to cisplatin of NSNCC cells by regulating autophagy mediated by ATG4D. Therefore, miR-101-3p may act as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rulin Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Gebhardt K, Edemir B, Groß E, Nemetschke L, Kewitz-Hempel S, Moritz RKC, Sunderkötter C, Gerloff D. BRAF/EZH2 Signaling Represses miR-129-5p Inhibition of SOX4 Thereby Modulating BRAFi Resistance in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102393. [PMID: 34063443 PMCID: PMC8155874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Approximately 60% of all melanomas are associated with a constitutive activating BRAF mutation. Inhibition of BRAF downstream signaling by targeted therapies significantly improved patient outcomes. However, most patients eventually develop resistance. Here we identified miR-129-5p as a novel tumor suppressor in BRAF mutated melanoma, which expression is increased during response to BRAF inhibition, but repressed in an EZH2 dependent manner during activated BRAF signaling. Overexpression of miR-129-5p decreases melanoma cell proliferation and improves response to BRAF inhibition by targeting SOX4. Taken together our results emphasize SOX4 as a potential therapeutic target in BRAF driven melanoma which could be attacked by pharmaceutically. Abstract Many melanomas are associated with activating BRAF mutation. Targeted therapies by inhibitors of BRAF and MEK (BRAFi, MEKi) show marked antitumor response, but become limited by drug resistance. The mechanisms for this are not fully revealed, but include miRNA. Wishing to improve efficacy of BRAFi and knowing that certain miRNAs are linked to resistance to BRAFi, we wanted to focus on miRNAs exclusively associated with response to BRAFi. We found increased expression of miR-129-5p during BRAFi treatment of BRAF- mutant melanoma cells. Parallel to emergence of resistance we observed mir-129-5p expression to become suppressed by BRAF/EZH2 signaling. In functional analyses we revealed that miR-129-5p acts as a tumor suppressor as its overexpression decreased cell proliferation, improved treatment response and reduced viability of BRAFi resistant melanoma cells. By protein expression analyses and luciferase reporter assays we confirmed SOX4 as a direct target of mir-129-5p. Thus, modulation of the miR-129-5p-SOX4 axis could serve as a promising novel strategy to improve response to BRAFi in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Gebhardt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.G.); (L.N.); (S.K.-H.); (R.K.C.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Bayram Edemir
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (B.E.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisabeth Groß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (B.E.); (E.G.)
| | - Linda Nemetschke
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.G.); (L.N.); (S.K.-H.); (R.K.C.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefanie Kewitz-Hempel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.G.); (L.N.); (S.K.-H.); (R.K.C.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Rose K. C. Moritz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.G.); (L.N.); (S.K.-H.); (R.K.C.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.G.); (L.N.); (S.K.-H.); (R.K.C.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Dennis Gerloff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.G.); (L.N.); (S.K.-H.); (R.K.C.M.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0345-557-5255
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Liu B, Wang R, Liu H. mir-126-5p Promotes Cisplatin Sensitivity of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Inhibiting ADAM9. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6622342. [PMID: 34055989 PMCID: PMC8147552 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the role of miR-126-5p in cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The expression of miR-126-5p and ADAM9 in NSCLC cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, cisplatin-sensitive and drug-resistant NSCLC patient tissues, human normal lung epithelial cells (BESA-2B), human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1560, and cisplatin-resistant mutant cell lines A549/DDP and H1560/DDP was detected by qRT-PCR. After overexpression of miR-126-5p or ADAM9 in A549/DDP and H1560/DDP, MTT and clone formation were used to detect the cell proliferation ability of each treatment group. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis. The protein expression of ADAM9 and key molecules of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathways in cells was measured by western blot. RESULTS Compared with NSCLC adjacent tissues and NSCLC cisplatin-sensitive tissues, miR-126-5p expression was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cisplatin-resistant NSCLC tissues and ADAM9 was upregulated. qRT-PCR further detected that miR-126-5p was downregulated in A549, H1560, and their cisplatin-resistant strains A549/DDP and H1560/DDP, while ADAM9 was upregulated. Moreover, overexpression of miR-126-5p inhibited A549/DDP and H1560/DDP cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. The results of dual luciferase showed that miR-126-5p targeted and negatively regulated ADAM9. We also found that overexpression of ADAM9 could reverse the effects of miR-126-5p on NSCLC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cisplatin sensitivity, and this effect may be achieved by inhibiting the activity of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that miR-126-5p may negatively regulate ADAM9 to promote the sensitivity of clinical DDP treatment of NSCLC and be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang Jiangsu Province 222002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Identification of Key miRNAs in the Treatment of Dabrafenib-Resistant Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5524486. [PMID: 33880366 PMCID: PMC8046546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dabrafenib resistance is a significant problem in melanoma, and its underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to research the molecular mechanism of drug resistance of dabrafenib and to explore the key genes and pathways that mediate drug resistance in melanoma. GSE117666 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and 492 melanoma statistics were also downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Besides, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified by taking advantage of the R software and GEO2R. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and FunRich was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to identify potential pathways and functional annotations linked with melanoma chemoresistance. 9 DEMs and 872 mRNAs were selected after filtering. Then, target genes were uploaded to Metascape to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Also, 6 hub mRNAs were screened after performing the PPI network. Furthermore, a total of 4 out of 9 miRNAs had an obvious association with the survival rate (P < 0.05) and showed a good power of risk prediction model of over survival. The present research may provide a deeper understanding of regulatory genes of dabrafenib resistance in melanoma.
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Feng XE. miR-548b Suppresses Melanoma Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion by Negatively Regulating Its Target Gene HMGB1. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 36:189-201. [PMID: 33750228 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Exploration of metastasis-related genes will improve the clinical outcomes of patients with melanoma. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in regulating the aggressiveness of melanoma. In the current study, the author demonstrated the expression of miR-548b and its functions in melanoma. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of miR-548b and high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) in melanoma specimens and adjacent normal tissues were examined using the quantitative real-time PCR method. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing test, and Transwell assays were conducted to examine the impact of miR-548b on aggressive phenotypes of melanoma cells. The protein expression of HMGB1 was detected by Western blot. The tumor growth of melanoma cells in vivo was analyzed using the transplanted tumor model. The expression of HMGB1 in vivo was assessed using immunohistochemistry assay. Results: miR-548b was significantly downregulated in the melanoma sample when compared with adjacent normal tissues. In addition, low levels of miR-548b were related to poor overall survival in patients with melanoma. As predicted, overexpression of miR-548b suppressed the growth and metastasis-associated traits of melanoma cells. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blotting revealed that HMGB1 was a target of miR-548b and its expression level was negatively modulated by miR-548b. Several rescue experiments indicated that reintroduction of HMGB1 abolished the inhibiting effects of miR-548b on melanoma cells. Finally, the author demonstrated that upregulation of miR-548b repressed melanoma cell growth in vivo. Conclusions: All these findings demonstrate that miR-548b serves as a cancer-suppressive miRNA in human melanoma by inhibiting HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-En Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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35
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Fattore L, Ruggiero CF, Liguoro D, Castaldo V, Catizone A, Ciliberto G, Mancini R. The Promise of Liquid Biopsy to Predict Response to Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645069. [PMID: 33816298 PMCID: PMC8013996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer whose incidence has been rising dramatically over the last few decades. Nowadays, the most successful approach in treating advanced melanoma is immunotherapy which encompasses the use of immune checkpoint blockers able to unleash the immune system's activity against tumor cells. Immunotherapy has dramatically changed clinical practice by contributing to increasing long term overall survival. Despite these striking therapeutic effects, the clinical benefits are strongly mitigated by innate or acquired resistance. In this context, it is of utmost importance to develop methods capable of predicting patient response to immunotherapy. To this purpose, one major step forward may be provided by measuring non-invasive biomarkers in human fluids, namely Liquid Biopsies (LBs). Several LB approaches have been developed over the last few years thanks to technological breakthroughs that have allowed to evaluate circulating components also when they are present in low abundance. The elements of this so-called "circulome" mostly encompass: tumor DNA, tumor and immune cells, soluble factors and non-coding RNAs. Here, we review the current knowledge of these molecules as predictors of response to immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma and predict that LB will soon enter into routine practice in order to guide clinical decisions for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fattore
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Francesco Ruggiero
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Castaldo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic- Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Integrated Genomics Identifies miR-181/TFAM Pathway as a Critical Driver of Drug Resistance in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041801. [PMID: 33670365 PMCID: PMC7918089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive therapeutic targets and promising candidates as molecular biomarkers for various therapy-resistant tumors. However, the association between miRNAs and drug resistance in melanoma remains to be elucidated. We used an integrative genomic analysis to comprehensively study the miRNA expression profiles of drug-resistant melanoma patients and cell lines. MicroRNA-181a and -181b (miR181a/b) were identified as the most significantly down-regulated miRNAs in resistant melanoma patients and cell lines. Re-establishment of miR-181a/b expression reverses the resistance of melanoma cells to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib. Introduction of miR-181 mimics markedly decreases the expression of TFAM in A375 melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibitors. Furthermore, melanoma growth was inhibited in A375 and M14 resistant melanoma cells transfected with miR-181a/b mimics, while miR-181a/b depletion enhanced resistance in sensitive cell lines. Collectively, our study demonstrated that miR-181a/b could reverse the resistance to BRAF inhibitors in dabrafenib resistant melanoma cell lines. In addition, miR-181a and -181b are strongly down-regulated in tumor samples from patients before and after the development of resistance to targeted therapies. Finally, melanoma tissues with high miR-181a and -181b expression presented favorable outcomes in terms of Progression Free Survival, suggesting that miR-181 is a clinically relevant candidate for therapeutic development or biomarker-based therapy selection.
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Design and synthesis of 4-anilinoquinazolines as Raf kinase inhibitors. Part 1. Selective B-Raf/B-Raf V600E and potent EGFR/VEGFR2 inhibitory 4-(3-hydroxyanilino)-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinazolines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104715. [PMID: 33647741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and synthesis of 4-(3-hydroxyanilino)-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinazolines of scaffold 9 as selective B-Raf/B-RafV600E and potent EGFR/VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors. Total 14 compounds of scaffold 9 having different side chains at the triazolyl group with/without fluoro substituents at the anilino group were synthesized and investigated. Among them, 9m with a 2-carbamoylethyl side chain and C-4'/C-6' difluoro substituents was the most potent, which selectively inhibited B-Raf (IC50: 57 nM) and B-RafV600E (IC50: 51 nM) over C-Raf (IC50: 1.0 μM). Compound 9m also actively inhibited EGFR (IC50: 73 nM) and VEGFR2 (IC50: 7.0 nM) but not EGFRT790M and PDGFR-β (IC50: >10 μM). Despite having good potency for B-Raf and B-RafV600E in the enzymatic assays, 9m was less active to inhibit melanoma A375 cells which proliferate due to constitutively activated B-Raf600E. The inferior activity of 9m for A375 was similar to that of sorafenib (6), suggesting that 9m might bind to the inactive conformations of B-Raf and B-RafV600E. Docking simulations could thus be performed to reveal the binding poses of 9m in B-Raf, B-RafV600E, and VEGFR2 kinases.
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Wang G, Chen L, Jian W, Fang L. Low Expression of miR-663a Indicates Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Breast Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2021; 44:1-8. [PMID: 33550299 DOI: 10.1159/000513405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers among women worldwide. MicroRNA-663a (miR-663a) acts as a tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of various cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical significance and biological function of miR-663a in breast cancer. METHODS The expression of miR-663a in breast cancer tissues and cells was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of miR-663a in breast cancer. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to demonstrate the effect of miR-663a on breast cancer cell function. RESULTS We confirmed that the expression of miR-663a was significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissue samples and cell lines. Low miR-663a expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, subtypes, and poor survival in breast cancer patients, indicating that miR-663a is an independent prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Cell function experiments revealed that low miR-663a expression promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS All experimental results demonstrated that miR-663a acts as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, and miR-663a may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China,
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Poleto Spinola L, F Vieira G, Fernandes Ferreira R, Calastri MCJ, D Tenani G, Aguiar FL, Santana Ferreira Boin IF, B E Da Costa L, Chaim Correia MF, Zanovelo EM, B De Souza DC, Martins Alves Da Silva RC, Ferreira Da Silva R, Coelho Abrantes AM, R R Botelho MF, L R Tralhão JG, R S Souza D. Underexpression of miR-126-3p in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:573-579. [PMID: 33639676 PMCID: PMC8190345 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the expression of miR-126-3p and its potential as a biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and to better understand the prognosis, comorbidities, and lifestyle habits associated with the disease. Methods: Fifty-nine individuals were distributed into either the study group (38 CCA patients) or the control group (21 individuals without liver diseases). Total RNA was extracted, cDNA synthesis was performed, and miR-126-3p expression was assessed using real-time PCR. For statistical analysis, alpha error was set at 5%. Results: MiR-126-3p was found to be underexpressed in the study group relative to the controls (0.42; P=0.001). Additionally, marked underexpression was found in the study group in when associated with smoking (0.28; P=0.0001), alcoholism (0.19; P=0.0001), hypertension (0.29; P=000.1), and diabetes (0.12; P=0.0003) relative to the controls. No association was found between miR-126-3p expression and tumor subtypes (iCCA=0.42; pCCA=0.45; dCCA=0.72; P=0.9155). A total of 67% of dCCA patients were event-free at 16 months of follow up, while both pCCA and iCCA exhibited event-free survival rates of 25%, though there was no significant difference between these subgroups (P=0.273). Conclusion: The underexpression of mir-126-3p is associated with cholangiocarcinoma and can be potentiated by alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, the latter of which is an independent risk factor for this cancer. Furthermore, dCCA patients exhibit higher survival rates relative to patients with pCCA and iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Poleto Spinola
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Vieira
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria C J Calastri
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graciele D Tenani
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciana L Aguiar
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa B E Da Costa
- School of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Doroteia R S Souza
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Tan W, Lin Z, Chen X, Li W, Zhu S, Wei Y, Huo L, Chen Y, Shang C. miR-126-3p contributes to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulating SPRED1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:38. [PMID: 33553331 PMCID: PMC7859776 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Sorafenib can prolong the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, drug resistance remains the main obstacle to improving its efficiency. This study aimed to explore the likely molecular mechanism of sorafenib resistance. Methods Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) related to sorafenib response were analyzed with the Limma package in R software. The expression levels of miR-126-3p and sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1) in HCC cells were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and proliferation were detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), EdU proliferation, and clone formation assays. Transwell assays were performed to measure cell migration and invasion. TargetScan, MicroRNA Target Prediction Database (miRDB), and StarBase v2.0 were used to predict the targets of miR-126-3p. SPRED1 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-126-3p by dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor effect of LV-miR-126-3p inhibitor combined with sorafenib was evaluated via subcutaneous tumor models. Results HCC cells with high expression of miR-126-3p exhibited increased resistance to sorafenib. The results of bioinformatics analysis and the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-126-3p directly targeted SPRED1. The sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib was markedly enhanced by SPRED1 upregulation. Gain- and loss-of function experiments verified that miR-126-3p induced sorafenib resistance in HCC through downregulating SPRED1. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-126-3p markedly increased the effectiveness of sorafenib against HCC in vivo. Mechanistically, our results suggested that miR-126-3p promoted sorafenib resistance via targeting SPRED1 and activating the ERK signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that regulating the miR-126-3p/SPRED1 axis might be a promising strategy for enhancing the antitumor effect of sorafenib in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianqing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sicong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcheng Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Huo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changzhen Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Fattore L, Mancini R, Ciliberto G. Cancer Stem Cells and the Slow Cycling Phenotype: How to Cut the Gordian Knot Driving Resistance to Therapy in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113368. [PMID: 33202944 PMCID: PMC7696527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells play a central role in the development of cancer and are poorly sensitive to standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, they are also responsible for the onset of drug resistance. This also occurs in malignant melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. Hence, cancer stem cells eradication is one of the main challenges for medical oncology. Here, we conducted a bioinformatics approach aimed to identify the main circuits and proteins underpinning cancer stem cell fitness in melanoma. Several lessons emerged from our work and may help to conceptualize future therapeutic approaches to prolong the efficacy of current therapies. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have historically been defined as slow cycling elements that are able to differentiate into mature cells but without dedifferentiation in the opposite direction. Thanks to advances in genomic and non-genomic technologies, the CSC theory has more recently been reconsidered in a dynamic manner according to a “phenotype switching” plastic model. Transcriptional reprogramming rewires this plasticity and enables heterogeneous tumors to influence cancer progression and to adapt themselves to drug exposure by selecting a subpopulation of slow cycling cells, similar in nature to the originally defined CSCs. This model has been conceptualized for malignant melanoma tailored to explain resistance to target therapies. Here, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of available data directed to the identification of the molecular pathways sustaining slow cycling melanoma stem cells. Using this approach, we identified a signature of 25 genes that were assigned to four major clusters, namely (1) kinases and metabolic changes, (2) melanoma-associated proteins, (3) Hippo pathway and (4) slow cycling/CSCs factors. Furthermore, we show how a protein−protein interaction network may be the main driver of these melanoma cell subpopulations. Finally, mining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data we evaluated the expression levels of this signature in the four melanoma mutational subtypes. The concomitant alteration of these genes correlates with the worst overall survival (OS) for melanoma patients harboring BRAF-mutations. All together these results underscore the potentiality to target this signature to selectively kill CSCs and to achieve disease control in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fattore
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, SAFU Laboratory, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Chen Q, Chen S, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Xu L. MicroRNA-126: A new and promising player in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:35. [PMID: 33262827 PMCID: PMC7693477 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors associated with cancer death; however, the mechanisms involved in lung tumor development have not been completely elucidated, which impedes the advancement of clinical diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an important member of the microRNA family and is encoded by intron 7 of epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing gene 7. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miR-126, as a distinct endothelial-enriched miRNA and new tumor suppressor gene, serves a promising role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of various types of cancer, including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and lung cancer. In the present review, the current knowledge of the role of miR-126 in lung cancer growth, metastasis, diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapy was summarized, which may provide new insights on the biological roles of miRNAsin lung cancer and facilitate the ultimate development of miRNA-based therapies in clinical patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Shuanghua Chen
- Department of General Medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Lampis A, Hahne JC, Hedayat S, Valeri N. MicroRNAs as mediators of drug resistance mechanisms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:44-50. [PMID: 32898724 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small RNA transcripts involved in fine-tuning of several cellular mechanisms and pathways crucial for maintaining cells' homeostasis like apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation and cell-cycle regulation. They act by regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level through fine-tuning of target proteins expression. Expression of microRNAs is cell-type specific and since their discovery they have been proven to be deregulated in various disorders including cancer. Several lines of evidence are emerging that link microRNAs to drug resistance mechanisms in tumours given their important role in modulating oncogenic and tumour suppressive mechanisms. This review will focus on latest knowledge of the roles and mechanisms of microRNAs as mediators to drug resistance and the implications for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Jens C Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Somaieh Hedayat
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Sutton, UK
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Proietti I, Skroza N, Bernardini N, Tolino E, Balduzzi V, Marchesiello A, Michelini S, Volpe S, Mambrin A, Mangino G, Romeo G, Maddalena P, Rees C, Potenza C. Mechanisms of Acquired BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2801. [PMID: 33003483 PMCID: PMC7600801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review investigated the literature on acquired v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitor resistance in patients with melanoma. We searched MEDLINE for articles on BRAF inhibitor resistance in patients with melanoma published since January 2010 in the following areas: (1) genetic basis of resistance; (2) epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms; (3) influence of the immune system on resistance development; and (4) combination therapy to overcome resistance. Common resistance mutations in melanoma are BRAF splice variants, BRAF amplification, neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutations and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) mutations. Genetic and epigenetic changes reactivate previously blocked mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, activate alternative signaling pathways, and cause epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Once BRAF inhibitor resistance develops, the tumor microenvironment reverts to a low immunogenic state secondary to the induction of programmed cell death ligand-1. Combining a BRAF inhibitor with a MEK inhibitor delays resistance development and increases duration of response. Multiple other combinations based on known mechanisms of resistance are being investigated. BRAF inhibitor-resistant cells develop a range of 'escape routes', so multiple different treatment targets will probably be required to overcome resistance. In the future, it may be possible to personalize combination therapy towards the specific resistance pathway in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Proietti
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Nevena Skroza
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Nicoletta Bernardini
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Ersilia Tolino
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Veronica Balduzzi
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Marchesiello
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Simone Michelini
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Salvatore Volpe
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Alessandra Mambrin
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanna Romeo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.)
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Maddalena
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Concetta Potenza
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
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MicroRNAs as Key Players in Melanoma Cell Resistance to MAPK and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124544. [PMID: 32604720 PMCID: PMC7352536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the use of targeted and immune therapies have revolutionized the clinical management of melanoma patients, prolonging significantly their overall and progression-free survival. However, both targeted and immune therapies suffer limitations due to genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications, which determine a great heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells. Acquired resistance of melanoma patients to inhibitors of BRAF (BRAFi) and MEK (MEKi), which block the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, limits their prolonged use. On the other hand, immune checkpoint inhibitors improve the outcomes of patients in only a subset of them and the molecular mechanisms underlying lack of responses are under investigation. There is growing evidence that altered expression levels of microRNAs (miRNA)s induce drug-resistance in tumor cells and that restoring normal expression of dysregulated miRNAs may re-establish drug sensitivity. However, the relationship between specific miRNA signatures and acquired resistance of melanoma to MAPK and immune checkpoint inhibitors is still limited and not fully elucidated. In this review, we provide an updated overview of how miRNAs induce resistance or restore melanoma cell sensitivity to mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) as well as on the relationship existing between miRNAs and immune evasion by melanoma cell resistant to MAPKi.
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17-Aminogeldanamycin Inhibits Constitutive Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) Activity in Patient-Derived Melanoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113749. [PMID: 32466509 PMCID: PMC7312877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains incurable skin cancer, and targeting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a promising therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigate the effect of 17-aminogeldanamycin, a potent HSP90 inhibitor, on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity in BRAFV600E and NRASQ61R patient-derived melanoma cell lines. We performed time-lapse microscopy and flow cytometry to monitor changes in cell confluence and viability. The NF-κB activity was determined by immunodetection of phospho-p65 and assessment of expression of NF-κB-dependent genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Constitutive activity of p65/NF-κB was evident in all melanoma cell lines. Differences in its level might be associated with genetic alterations in CHUK, IL1B, MAP3K14, NFKBIE, RIPK1, and TLR4, while differences in transcript levels of NF-κB-inducible genes revealed by PCR array might result from the contribution of other regulatory mechanisms. 17-Aminogeldanamycin markedly diminished the level of phospho-p65, but the total p65 protein level was unaltered, indicating that 17-aminogeldanamycin inhibited activation of p65/NF-κB. This conclusion was supported by significantly reduced expression of selected NF-κB-dependent genes: cyclin D1 (CCND1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as shown at transcript and protein levels, as well as secretion of IL-8 and VEGF. Our study indicates that 17-aminogeldanamycin can be used for efficient inhibition of NF-κB activity and the simultaneous diminution of IL-8 and VEGF levels in the extracellular milieu of melanoma.
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Yang Z, Dong X, Pu M, Yang H, Chang W, Ji F, Liu T, Wei C, Zhang X, Qiu X. LBX2-AS1/miR-219a-2-3p/FUS/LBX2 positive feedback loop contributes to the proliferation of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:449-463. [PMID: 31673844 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly investigated in numerous carcinomas containing gastric cancer (GC). The aim of our research is to inquire about the expression profile and role of LBX2-AS1 in GC. METHODS The expressions of LBX2-AS1, miR-219a-2-3p, FUS and LBX2 were measured by qRT-PCR. Western blot evaluated FUS and LBX2 protein levels. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were, respectively, evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, flow cytometry and TUNEL assays. FISH and subcellular fractionation assays examined the position of LBX2-AS1. The binding between genes were certified by RIP, RNA pull-down, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. Pearson correlation analysis analyzed the association of genes. Kaplan-Meier method detected the relationship of LBX2-AS1 expression with overall survival. RESULTS The up-regulation of LBX2-AS1 in GC tissues and cells was verified. Function assays proved that LBX2-AS1 down-regulation restricted the proliferation ability. Then, we unveiled the LBX2-AS1/miR-219a-2-3p/FUS axis. Additionally, LBX2-AS1 positively regulated LBX2 mRNA stability via FUS. LBX2 transcriptionally modulated LBX2-AS1. In the end, rescue and in vivo experiments validated the whole regulatory mechanism. CONCLUSION LBX2-AS1/miR-219a-2-3p/FUS/LBX2 positive feedback loop mainly affected the proliferation and apoptosis abilities of GC cells, offering novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinhua Dong
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Minglong Pu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feihong Ji
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chongqing Wei
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiefu Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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48
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Chen LJ, Yuan MX, Ji CY, Zhang YB, Peng YM, Zhang T, Gao HQ, Sheng XY, Liu ZY, Xie WX, Yin Q. Long Non-Coding RNA CRNDE Regulates Angiogenesis in Hepatoblastoma by Targeting the MiR-203/VEGFA Axis. Pathobiology 2020; 87:161-170. [PMID: 32182608 DOI: 10.1159/000505131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MiR-203 has been shown to participate in multiple malignancies, but the role of miR-203 in hepatoblastoma (HB) remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of miR-203 in HB. METHODS A total of 15 pairs of HB tissues and para-tumour normal tissues were collected for the experiments. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of CRNDE, miR-203, and VEGFA at the mRNA and/or protein levels, respectively. A dual luciferase assay verified the target relationship between miR-203 and the 3'UTR of VEGFA as well as miR-203 and CRNDE. In addition, MTT, wound healing, and tube formation assays were performed to assess the effects of miR-203, VEGFA, and CRNDE on cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, respectively. RESULTS Our data revealed that miR-203 expression was decreased in HB tissues, while long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CRNDE expression was increased. The dysregulation of miR-203 and CRNDE was closely related to tumour size and stage. Moreover, overexpression of miR-203 inhibited angiogenesis. A dual luciferase assay verified that VEGFA is a direct target of miR-203 and that CRNDE binds to miR-203. Furthermore, our results showed that miR-203 suppressed cell viability, migration, and angiogenesis by regulating VEGFA expression. Additionally, it was confirmed that CRNDE promoted angiogenesis by negatively regulating miR-203 expression. CONCLUSION lncRNA CRNDE targets the miR-203/VEGFA axis and promotes angiogenesis in HB. These results provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of HB and indicate that CRNDE and miR-203 might be potential targets for HB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Miao-Xian Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Yi Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Ming Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Yi Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Xin Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China,
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49
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Fattore L, Campani V, Ruggiero CF, Salvati V, Liguoro D, Scotti L, Botti G, Ascierto PA, Mancini R, De Rosa G, Ciliberto G. In Vitro Biophysical and Biological Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles Co-Encapsulating Oncosuppressors miR-199b-5p and miR-204-5p as Potentiators of Target Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1930. [PMID: 32178301 PMCID: PMC7139872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled MAPK signaling is the main oncogenic driver in metastatic melanomas bearing mutations in BRAF kinase. These tumors are currently treated with the combination of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (MAPKi), but this therapy is plagued by drug resistance. In this context we recently discovered that several microRNAs are involved in the development of drug resistance. In particular miR-204-5p and miR-199b-5p were found to function as antagonists of resistance because their enforced overexpression is able to inhibit melanoma cell growth in vitro either alone or in combination with MAPKi. However, the use of miRNAs in therapy is hampered by their rapid degradation in serum and biological fluids, as well as by the poor intracellular uptake. Here, we developed lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating miR-204-5p, miR-199b-5p individually or in combination. We obtained LNPs with mean diameters < 200 nm and high miRNA encapsulation efficiency. These formulations were tested in vitro on several melanoma cell lines sensitive to MAPKi or rendered drug resistant. Our results show that LNPs encapsulating combinations of the two oncosuppressor miRNAs are highly efficient in impairing melanoma cell proliferation and viability, affect key signaling pathways involved in melanoma cell survival, and potentiate the efficacy of drugs inhibiting BRAF and MEK. These results warrant further assessment of the anti-tumor efficacy of oncosuppressor miRNAs encapsulating LNPs in in vivo tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fattore
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Virginia Campani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Ciro Francesco Ruggiero
- IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Regina Elena”, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.F.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Salvati
- IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Regina Elena”, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.F.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Lorena Scotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Regina Elena”, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.F.R.); (V.S.)
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50
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Li X, Li N, Niu Q, Zhu H, Wang Z, Hou Q. Elevated Expression of miR-629 Predicts a Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1851-1857. [PMID: 32189967 PMCID: PMC7065468 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteosarcoma (OS) is an invasive bone tumor that primarily affects children and adolescents. MicroRNA-629 (miR-629) acts as an oncogene involved in the development of various cancers. This study aims to reveal the clinical significance and biological function of miR-629 in OS. Patients and Methods The levels of miR-629 expression in tissues and cells were detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between miR-621 expression and clinical parameters in patients with OS. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis of the effect of miR-629 expression on the prognosis of OS patients. CCK-8 and Transwell experiments were used to demonstrate the effect of miR-629 on OS cell function. Results Compared with the controls, miR-629 levels were significantly elevated in patients with OS (P < 0.001), Furthermore, miR-629 upregulation showed significantly associated with clinical stage (P = 0.011), distant metastasis (P = 0.003) and poor survival (log rank test, P = 0.013) in OS patients. miR-629 might be a potential prognostic biomarker for OS (HR = 2.890, 95% CI = 1.126-7.416, P = 0.027). Cell function experiments proved that the high expression of miR-629 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS. Conclusion All experimental results demonstrated that miR-629 as an oncogene promotes the tumor cell growth, migration and invasion of OS, and miR-629 may act as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with this malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesen Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Department of Hepatic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxian Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, People's Republic of China
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