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Castillo-Sanchez R, Garcia-Hernandez A, Torres-Alamilla P, Cortes-Reynosa P, Candanedo-Gonzales F, Salazar EP. Benzo[a]pyrene promotes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process in MCF10A cells and mammary tumor growth and brain metastasis in female mice. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1319-1333. [PMID: 38629425 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasia in developed countries and the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process through which epithelial cells decrease or lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal properties. EMT mediates tumor progression, because tumor cells acquire the capacity to execute the multiple steps of invasion and metastasis. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an environmental organic pollutant generated during the burning of fossil fuels, wood, and other organic materials. B[a]P exposition increases the incidence of breast cancer, and induces migration and/or invasion in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. However, the role of B[a]P in the induction of an EMT process and metastasis of mammary carcinoma cells has not been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrate that B[a]P induces an EMT process in MCF10A mammary non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. In addition, B[a]P promotes the formation of larger tumors in Balb/cJ mice inoculated with 4T1 cells than in untreated mice and treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). B[a]P also increases the number of mice with metastasis to brain and the total number of brain metastatic nodules in Balb/cJ mice inoculated with 4T1 cells compared with untreated mice and treated with DMSO. In conclusion, B[a]P induces an EMT process in MCF10A cells and the growth of mammary tumors and metastasis to brain in Balb/cJ mice inoculated with 4T1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Castillo-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Garcia-Hernandez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Torres-Alamilla
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pedro Cortes-Reynosa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Candanedo-Gonzales
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Perez Salazar
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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2
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Lee JH, Hallis SP, Kwak MK. Continuous TNF-α exposure in mammary epithelial cells promotes cancer phenotype acquisition via EGFR/TNFR2 activation. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:465-480. [PMID: 38734854 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), an abundant inflammatory cytokine in the tumor microenvironment (TME), is linked to breast cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we established MCF10A cell lines incubated with TNF-α to investigate the effects of continuous TNF-α exposure on the phenotypic change of normal mammary epithelial cells. The established MCF10A-LE cell line, through long-term exposure to TNF-α, displayed cancer-like features, including increased proliferation, migration, and sustained survival signaling even in the absence of TNF-α stimulation. Unlike the short-term exposed cell line MCF10A-SE, MCF10A-LE exhibited elevated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and subsequent TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), and silencing of EGFR or TNFR2 suppressed the cancer-like phenotype of MCF10A-LE. Notably, we demonstrated that the elevated levels of NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) and the resulting increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were associated with EGFR/TNFR2 elevation in MCF10A-LE. Furthermore, mammosphere-forming capacity and the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers increased in MCF10A-LE. Silencing of EGFR reversed these effects, indicating the acquisition of CSC-like properties via EGFR signaling. In conclusion, our results reveal that continuous TNF-α exposure activates the EGFR/TNFR2 signaling pathway via the NOX4/ROS axis, promoting neoplastic changes in mammary epithelial cells within the inflammatory TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi‑do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Steffanus Pranoto Hallis
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi‑do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Hajimolaali M, Dorkoosh FA, Antimisiaris SG. Review of recent preclinical and clinical research on ligand-targeted liposomes as delivery systems in triple negative breast cancer therapy. J Liposome Res 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38520185 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2325963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast Cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest types, making up about 20% of all breast cancers. Chemotherapy is the traditional manner of progressed TNBC treatment; however, it has a short-term result with a high reversibility pace. The lack of targeted treatment limited and person-dependent treatment options for those suffering from TNBC cautions to be the worst type of cancer among breast cancer patients. Consequently, appropriate treatment for this disease is considered a major clinical challenge. Therefore, various treatment methods have been developed to treat TNBC, among which chemotherapy is the most common and well-known approach recently studied. Although effective methods are chemotherapies, they are often accompanied by critical limitations, especially the lack of specific functionality. These methods lead to systematic toxicity and, ultimately, the expansion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Therefore, finding novel and efficient techniques to enhance the targeting of TNBC treatment is an essential requirement. Liposomes have demonstrated that they are an effective method for drug delivery; however, among a large number of liposome-based drug delivery systems annually developed, a small number have just received authorization for clinical application. The new approaches to using liposomes target their structure with various ligands to increase therapeutic efficiency and diminish undesired side effects on various body tissues. The current study describes the most recent strategies and research associated with functionalizing the liposomes' structure with different ligands as targeted drug carriers in treating TNBCs in preclinical and clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hajimolaali
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, FORTH/ICEHT, Patras, Greece
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4
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Singh S, Srivastava P. Targeted Protein Degraders- The Druggability Perspective. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:539-554. [PMID: 37926234 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted Protein degraders (TPDs) show promise in harnessing cellular machinery to eliminate disease-causing proteins, even those previously considered undruggable. Especially if protein turnover is low, targeted protein removal bestows lasting therapeutic effect over typical inhibition. The demonstrated safety and efficacy profile of clinical candidates has fueled the surge in the number of potential candidates across different therapeutic areas. As TPDs often do not comply with Lipinski's rule of five, developing novel TPDs and unlocking their full potential requires overcoming solubility, permeability and oral bioavailability challenges. Tailored in-vitro assays are key to precise profiling and optimization, propelling breakthroughs in targeted protein degradation.
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5
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Liu X, Deng H, Huang M, Zhou W, Yang Y. TRAIL predisposes non-small cell lung cancer to ferroptosis by regulating ASK-1/JNK1 pathway. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:45. [PMID: 38383815 PMCID: PMC10881944 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our current study aimed to assess the relationship between TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. METHODS The expression of TRAIL was detected by western blot, RT-qRCR and immunohistochemistry. The viability of NSCLC cells was analyzed by CCK-8 kit. The migration and invasion of NSCLC cells were detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. Labile iron pool (LIP) was detected based on the calcein-acetoxymethyl ester method. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) and iron levels were assessed by detection kits. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using corresponding detection kits. Mice tumor xenograft models were used for the in vivo research. RESULTS The expression of TRAIL was reduced in H1299, NCL-H1395, and A549 cells compared with BEAS-2B cells. The up-regulation of TRAIL expression significantly reduced cell viability, invasion, and migration of H1299 and A549 cells. TRAIL reduced the expression of ferroptosis-related genes (FTH1, GPX4, and SLC7A11), increased the levels of LIP, iron, and Fe2+, and promoted lipid peroxidation, thereby predisposing NSCLC cells to ferroptosis. TRAIL up-regulated the expression of phosphate modification of ASK-1 and JNK. ASKI-1 inhibitor GS-4977 attenuated the effects of TRAIL on the viability, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis of H1299 cells. Furthermore, TRAIL further suppressed tumor growth and ferroptosis in mice tumor xenograft models. CONCLUSION We indicated that overexpression of TRAIL induced ferroptosis in NSCLC cells and exerted anti-tumor effects. Mechanistically, TRAIL promoted ferroptosis by the activation of the ASK-1/JNK1 pathway. Our results may provide new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liu
- Department III of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No. 176, Labor West Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huiqian Deng
- Department III of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No. 176, Labor West Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mi Huang
- Department III of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No. 176, Labor West Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department III of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No. 176, Labor West Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department III of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No. 176, Labor West Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, China.
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6
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Torres-Alamilla P, Castillo-Sanchez R, Cortes-Reynosa P, Gomez R, Perez Salazar E. Bisphenol A increases the size of primary mammary tumors and promotes metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 575:111998. [PMID: 37414130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast tumor characterized for the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors expression and low HER2/neu expression. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical with estrogenic activity that has been associated with increasing rates of breast cancer. Moreover, BPA is a solid organic synthetic chemical employed in the manufacture of many consumer products, epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics including baby bottles, containers for food and beverages, and the lining of beverage cans. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is activated by endogenous hormones and synthetic ligands, such as BPA. GPER is expressed in TNBC cells and its expression is associated with larger tumor size, metastasis and worse survival prognosis. In breast cancer cells, BPA induces activation of signal transduction pathways that mediates migration and invasion via GPER in human TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. In this study, we demonstrate that BPA induces an increase of GPER expression and its translocation from cytosol to cytoplasmic membrane, metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 secretion, migration and invasion in murine TNBC 4T1 cells. In a murine TNBC model "in vivo" using 4T1 cells, BPA induces the formation of mammary tumors with more weight and volume, and an increase in the number of mice with metastasis to lung and nodules in lung compared with tumors and metastasis to lung of untreated Balb/cJ mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that BPA mediates the growth of mammary primary tumors and metastasis to lung in a murine model of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rocio Gomez
- Departamento de Toxicologia, Cinvestav-IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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7
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Tapadar P, Pal A, Ghosal N, Kumar B, Paul T, Biswas N, Pal R. CDH1 overexpression sensitizes TRAIL resistant breast cancer cells towards rhTRAIL induced apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7283-7294. [PMID: 37422537 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is well known for its unique ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not normal cells. However, a subpopulation of cancer cells exist that does not respond to toxic doses of TRAIL. In this study, we aimed to identify key factors regulating TRAIL resistance in breast cancer. METHODS rhTRAIL (recombinant human TRAIL) resistant cells (TR) isolated from TRAIL sensitive MDA-MB-231 parental cells (TS) were confirmed using trypan blue assay, cell viability assay and AO/EtBr (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining. Microarray was performed followed by analysis using DAVID and Cytoscape bioinformatics software to identify the candidate hub gene. Gene expression of the candidate gene was confirmed using real-time PCR and western blot. Candidate gene was overexpressed via transient transfection to identify its significance in the context of rhTRAIL. Breast cancer patient data was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS Whole transcriptome analysis identified 4907 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TS and TR cells. CDH1 was identified as the candidate hub gene, with 18-degree centrality. We further observed CDH1 protein to be downregulated, overexpression of which increased apoptosis in TR cells after rhTRAIL treatment. TCGA patient data analysis also showed CDH1 mRNA to be low in TRAIL resistant patient group compared to TRAIL sensitive group. CONCLUSION CDH1 overexpression sensitizes TR cells towards rhTRAIL induced apoptosis. Therefore, we can hypothesize that CDH1 expression should be taken into account while performing TRAIL therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Tapadar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Ambika Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Nirajan Ghosal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tamalika Paul
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Nabendu Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Ranjana Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
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8
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Wedam R, Greer YE, Wisniewski DJ, Weltz S, Kundu M, Voeller D, Lipkowitz S. Targeting Mitochondria with ClpP Agonists as a Novel Therapeutic Opportunity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071936. [PMID: 37046596 PMCID: PMC10093243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Despite the recent development of new therapeutics including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, triple-negative breast cancer remains an aggressive form of breast cancer, and thus improved treatments are needed. In recent decades, it has become increasingly clear that breast cancers harbor metabolic plasticity that is controlled by mitochondria. A myriad of studies provide evidence that mitochondria are essential to breast cancer progression. Mitochondria in breast cancers are widely reprogrammed to enhance energy production and biosynthesis of macromolecules required for tumor growth. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial roles in breast cancers and elucidate why mitochondria are a rational therapeutic target. We will then outline the status of the use of mitochondria-targeting drugs in breast cancers, and highlight ClpP agonists as emerging mitochondria-targeting drugs with a unique mechanism of action. We also illustrate possible drug combination strategies and challenges in the future breast cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wedam
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Wisniewski
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Weltz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manjari Kundu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Han YJ, Zhang J, Hardeman A, Liu M, Karginova O, Romero R, Khramtsova GF, Zheng Y, Huo D, Olopade OI. An enhancer variant associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Black women regulates TNFSF10 expression and antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:139-150. [PMID: 35930348 PMCID: PMC9837834 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Women of African ancestry have the highest mortality from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) of all racial groups. To understand the genomic basis of breast cancer in the populations, we previously conducted genome-wide association studies and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer in Black women. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of the top associated SNP rs13074711. We found the SNP served as an enhancer variant and regulated TNFSF10 (TRAIL) expression in TNBC cells, with a significant association between the SNP genotype and TNFSF10 expression in breast tumors. Mechanistically, rs13074711 modulated the binding activity of c-MYB at the motif and thereby controlled TNFSF10 expression. Interestingly, TNFSF10 expression in many cancers was consistently lower in African Americans compared with European Americans. Furthermore, TNFSF10 expression in TNBC was significantly correlated with the expression of antiviral immune genes and was regulated by type I interferons (IFNs). Accordingly, loss of TNFSF10 resulted in a profound decrease in apoptosis of TNBC cells in response to type I IFNs and poly(I:C), a synthetic analogue of double stranded virus. Lastly, in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer, TNFSF10-deficiency in breast tumors decreased tumor-infiltrated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell quantities. Collectively, our results suggested that TNFSF10 plays an important role in the regulation of antiviral immune responses in TNBC, and the expression is in part regulated by a genetic variant associated with breast cancer in Black women. Our results underscore the important contributions of genetic variants to immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jane Han
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ashley Hardeman
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Margaret Liu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olga Karginova
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Roger Romero
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Galina F Khramtsova
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonglan Zheng
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Section of Hematology/Oncology & Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Jhajj HS, Lwo TS, Yao EL, Tessier PM. Unlocking the potential of agonist antibodies for treating cancer using antibody engineering. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:48-60. [PMID: 36344331 PMCID: PMC9742327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Agonist antibodies that target immune checkpoints, such as those in the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, are an important class of emerging therapeutics due to their ability to regulate immune cell activity, especially for treating cancer. Despite their potential, to date, they have shown limited clinical utility and further antibody optimization is urgently needed to improve their therapeutic potential. Here, we discuss key antibody engineering approaches for improving the activity of antibody agonists by optimizing their valency, specificity for different receptors (e.g., bispecific antibodies) and epitopes (e.g., biepitopic or biparatopic antibodies), and Fc affinity for Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). These powerful approaches are being used to develop the next generation of cancer immunotherapeutics with improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkamal S Jhajj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Timon S Lwo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily L Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter M Tessier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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11
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Thang M, Mellows C, Mercer-Smith A, Nguyen P, Hingtgen S. Current approaches in enhancing TRAIL therapies in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad047. [PMID: 37215952 PMCID: PMC10195206 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, aggressive, primary brain cancer in adults and continues to pose major medical challenges due in part to its high rate of recurrence. Extensive research is underway to discover new therapies that target GBM cells and prevent the inevitable recurrence in patients. The pro-apoptotic protein tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted attention as an ideal anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively kill cancer cells with minimal toxicity in normal cells. Although initial clinical evaluations of TRAIL therapies in several cancers were promising, later stages of clinical trial results indicated that TRAIL and TRAIL-based therapies failed to demonstrate robust efficacies due to poor pharmacokinetics, resulting in insufficient concentrations of TRAIL at the therapeutic site. However, recent studies have developed novel ways to prolong TRAIL bioavailability at the tumor site and efficiently deliver TRAIL and TRAIL-based therapies using cellular and nanoparticle vehicles as drug loading cargos. Additionally, novel techniques have been developed to address monotherapy resistance, including modulating biomarkers associated with TRAIL resistance in GBM cells. This review highlights the promising work to overcome the challenges of TRAIL-based therapies with the aim to facilitate improved TRAIL efficacy against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morrent Thang
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clara Mellows
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Michigan State University School of Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Corresponding Author: Shawn Hingtgen, PhD, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA ()
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12
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Bian X, Yin S, Yang S, Jiang X, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhang L. Roles of platelets in tumor invasion and metastasis: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12072. [PMID: 36506354 PMCID: PMC9730139 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors are major causes of death. The most common metastases of cancer are lymphatic metastasis and hematogenous metastasis. Hematogenous metastasis often leads to rapid tumor dissemination. The mechanism of hematogenous metastasis of malignant tumors is very complex. Some experts have found that platelets play an important role in promoting tumor hematogenous metastasis. Platelets may be involved in many processes, such as promoting tumor cell survival, helping tumor cells escape immune surveillance, helping tumors attach to endothelial cells and penetrating capillaries for distant metastasis. However, recent studies have shown that platelets can also inhibit tumor metastasis. At present, the function of platelets in tumor progression has been widely studied, and they not only promote tumor cell metastasis, but also have an inhibitory effect. Therefore, in-depth and summary research of the molecular mechanism of platelets in tumor cell metastasis is of great significance for the screening and treatment of cancer patients. The following is a brief review of the role of platelets in the process of malignant tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Bian
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shengjie Yin
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinju Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Corresponding author.
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13
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Targeting TRAIL Death Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers: Challenges and Strategies for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233717. [PMID: 36496977 PMCID: PMC9739296 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in cancer cells via death receptor (DR) activation with little toxicity to normal cells or tissues. The selectivity for activating apoptosis in cancer cells confers an ideal therapeutic characteristic to TRAIL, which has led to the development and clinical testing of many DR agonists. However, TRAIL/DR targeting therapies have been widely ineffective in clinical trials of various malignancies for reasons that remain poorly understood. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among breast cancers. Targeting the TRAIL DR pathway has shown notable efficacy in a subset of TNBC in preclinical models but again has not shown appreciable activity in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the signaling components and mechanisms governing TRAIL pathway activation and clinical trial findings discussed with a focus on TNBC. Challenges and potential solutions for using DR agonists in the clinic are also discussed, including consideration of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of DR agonists, patient selection by predictive biomarkers, and potential combination therapies. Moreover, recent findings on the impact of TRAIL treatment on the immune response, as well as novel strategies to address those challenges, are discussed.
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14
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Greer YE, Hernandez L, Fennell EMJ, Kundu M, Voeller D, Chari R, Gilbert SF, Gilbert TSK, Ratnayake S, Tang B, Hafner M, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Iwanowicz E, Annunziata CM, Graves LM, Lipkowitz S. Mitochondrial Matrix Protease ClpP Agonists Inhibit Cancer Stem Cell Function in Breast Cancer Cells by Disrupting Mitochondrial Homeostasis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1144-1161. [PMID: 36388465 PMCID: PMC9645232 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles which are important for bioenergetics, biosynthesis and signaling in metazoans. Mitochondrial functions are frequently altered in cancer to promote both the energy and the necessary metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis required for tumor growth. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that while non-stem, bulk cancer cells utilize glycolysis, breast CSCs are more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and therefore targeting mitochondria may inhibit CSC function. We previously reported that small molecule ONC201, which is an agonist for the mitochondrial caseinolytic protease (ClpP), induces mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells. In this study, we report that ClpP agonists inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and CSC function in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that OxPhos inhibition downregulates multiple pathways required for CSC function, such as the mevalonate pathway, YAP, Myc, and the HIF pathway. ClpP agonists showed significantly greater inhibitory effect on CSC functions compared with other mitochondria-targeting drugs. Further studies showed that ClpP agonists deplete NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H, induce redox imbalance, dysregulate one-carbon metabolism and proline biosynthesis. Downregulation of these pathways by ClpP agonists further contribute to the inhibition of CSC function. In conclusion, ClpP agonists inhibit breast CSC functions by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis in breast cancer cells and inhibiting multiple pathways critical to CSC function. Significance ClpP agonists disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis by activating mitochondrial matrix protease ClpP. We report that ClpP agonists inhibit cell growth and cancer stem cell functions in breast cancer models by modulating multiple metabolic pathways essential to cancer stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily M. J. Fennell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Thomas S. K. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shashikala Ratnayake
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Binwu Tang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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15
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Liao M, Qin R, Huang W, Zhu HP, Peng F, Han B, Liu B. Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in triple-negative breast cancer: a revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35414025 PMCID: PMC9006445 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of human breast cancer with one of the worst prognoses, with no targeted therapeutic strategies currently available. Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), has been widely reported to have numerous links to the progression and therapy of many types of human cancer. Of note, RCD can be divided into numerous different subroutines, including autophagy-dependent cell death, apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and anoikis. More recently, targeting the subroutines of RCD with small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy, which has rapidly progressed in the treatment of TNBC. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of the above-mentioned seven major RCD subroutines related to TNBC and the latest progress of small-molecule compounds targeting different RCD subroutines. Moreover, we further discuss the combined strategies of one drug (e.g., narciclasine) or more drugs (e.g., torin-1 combined with chloroquine) to achieve the therapeutic potential on TNBC by regulating RCD subroutines. More importantly, we demonstrate several small-molecule compounds (e.g., ONC201 and NCT03733119) by targeting the subroutines of RCD in TNBC clinical trials. Taken together, these findings will provide a clue on illuminating more actionable low-hanging-fruit druggable targets and candidate small-molecule drugs for potential RCD-related TNBC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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TRAIL/S-layer/graphene quantum dot nanohybrid enhanced stability and anticancer activity of TRAIL on colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5851. [PMID: 35393438 PMCID: PMC8991220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), known as a cytokine of the TNF superfamily, is considered a promising antitumor agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells. However, failure of its successful translation into clinic has led to development of nano-based platforms aiming to improve TRAIL therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, we fabricated a novel TRAIL-S-layer fusion protein (S-TRAIL) conjugated with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to benefit both the self-assembly of S-layer proteins, which leads to elevated TRAIL functional stability, and unique optical properties of GQDs. Noncovalent conjugation of biocompatible GQDs and soluble fusion protein was verified via UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, size and ζ-potential measurements and transmission electron microscopy. The potential anticancer efficacy of the nanohybrid system on intrinsically resistant cells to TRAIL (HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells) was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry, which indicated about 80% apoptosis in cancer cells. These results highlight the potential of TRAIL as a therapeutic protein that can be extensively improved by taking advantage of nanotechnology and introduce S-TRAIL/GQD complex as a promising nanohybrid system in cancer treatment.
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17
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Grinkevitch V, Wappett M, Crawford N, Price S, Lees A, McCann C, McAllister K, Prehn J, Young J, Bateson J, Gallagher L, Michaut M, Iyer V, Chatzipli A, Barthorpe S, Ciznadija D, Sloma I, Wesa A, Tice DA, Wessels L, Garnett M, Longley DB, McDermott U, McDade SS. Functional Genomic Identification of Predictors of Sensitivity and Mechanisms of Resistance to Multivalent Second-Generation TRAIL-R2 Agonists. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:594-606. [PMID: 35086954 PMCID: PMC7612587 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent second-generation TRAIL-R2 agonists are currently in late preclinical development and early clinical trials. Herein, we use a representative second-generation agent, MEDI3039, to address two major clinical challenges facing these agents: lack of predictive biomarkers to enable patient selection and emergence of resistance. Genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens were notable for the lack of resistance mechanisms beyond the canonical TRAIL-R2 pathway (caspase-8, FADD, BID) as well as p53 and BAX in TP53 wild-type models, whereas a CRISPR activatory screen identified cell death inhibitors MCL-1 and BCL-XL as mechanisms to suppress MEDI3039-induced cell death. High-throughput drug screening failed to identify genomic alterations associated with response to MEDI3039; however, transcriptomics analysis revealed striking association between MEDI3039 sensitivity and expression of core components of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, most notably its main apoptotic effector caspase-8 in solid tumor cell lines. Further analyses of colorectal cell lines and patient-derived xenografts identified caspase-8 expression ratio to its endogenous regulator FLIP(L) as predictive of sensitivity to MEDI3039 in several major solid tumor types and a further subset indicated by caspase-8:MCL-1 ratio. Subsequent MEDI3039 combination screening of TRAIL-R2, caspase-8, FADD, and BID knockout models with 60 compounds with varying mechanisms of action identified two inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) that exhibited strong synergy with MEDI3039 that could reverse resistance only in BID-deleted models. In summary, we identify the ratios of caspase-8:FLIP(L) and caspase-8:MCL-1 as potential predictive biomarkers for second-generation TRAIL-R2 agonists and loss of key effectors such as FADD and caspase-8 as likely drivers of clinical resistance in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Wappett
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Price
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Lees
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher McCann
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine McAllister
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Prehn
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie Young
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jess Bateson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Gallagher
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Magali Michaut
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Syd Barthorpe
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ido Sloma
- Champions Oncology Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amy Wesa
- Champions Oncology Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, TU Delft, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mathew Garnett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B. Longley
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. McDade
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
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18
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Histone H2AX promotes metastatic progression by preserving glycolysis via hexokinase-2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3758. [PMID: 35260660 PMCID: PMC8904825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic stability is essential for organismal development, cellular homeostasis, and survival. The DNA double-strand breaks are particularly deleterious, creating an environment prone to cellular transformation and oncogenic activation. The histone variant H2AX is an essential component of the nucleosome responsible for initiating the early steps of the DNA repair process. H2AX maintains genomic stability by initiating a signaling cascade that collectively functions to promote DNA double-strand breaks repair. Recent advances have linked genomic stability to energetic metabolism, and alterations in metabolism were found to interfere with genome maintenance. Utilizing genome-wide transcripts profiling to identify differentially-expressed genes involved in energetic metabolism, we compared control and H2AX-deficient metastatic breast cancer cell lines, and found that H2AX loss leads to the repression of key genes regulating glycolysis, with a prominent effect on hexokinase-2 (HK2). These observations are substantiated by evidence that H2AX loss compromises glycolysis, effect which was reversed by ectopic expression of HK2. Utilizing models of experimental metastasis, we found that H2AX silencing halts progression of metastatic breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Most interestingly, ectopic expression of HK2 in H2AX-deficient cells restores their metastatic potential. Using multiple publicly available datasets, we found a significantly strong positive correlation between H2AX expression levels in patients with invasive breast cancer, and levels of glycolysis genes, particularly HK2. These observations are consistent with the evidence that high H2AX expression is associated with shorter distant metastasis-free survival. Our findings reveal a role for histone H2AX in controlling the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells via maintenance of HK2-driven glycolysis.
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19
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Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Emerging Therapies for Chemotherapy Resistant TNBC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031665. [PMID: 35163586 PMCID: PMC8836182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with high recurrence rates, high incidence of distant metastases, and poor overall survival (OS). Taxane and anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (CT) is currently the main systemic treatment option for TNBC, while platinum-based chemotherapy showed promising results in the neoadjuvant and metastatic settings. An early arising of intrinsic or acquired CT resistance is common and represents the main hurdle for successful TNBC treatment. Numerous mechanisms were uncovered that can lead to the development of chemoresistance. These include cancer stem cells (CSCs) induction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, hypoxia and avoidance of apoptosis, single factors such as tyrosine kinase receptors (EGFR, IGFR1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), and a few pathological molecular pathways. Some biomarkers capable of predicting resistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents were identified and are expected to be validated in future studies for a more accurate selection of drugs to be employed and for a more tailored approach, both in neoadjuvant and advanced settings. Recently, based on specific biomarkers, some therapies were tailored to TNBC subsets and became available in clinical practice: olaparib and talazoparib for BRCA1/2 germline mutation carriers larotrectinib and entrectinib for neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion carriers, and anti-trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) antibody drug conjugate therapy for heavily pretreated metastatic TNBC (mTNBC). Further therapies targeting some pathologic molecular pathways, apoptosis, miRNAS, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and androgen receptor (AR) are under investigation. Among them, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and EGFR inhibitors as well as antiandrogens showed promising results and are under evaluation in Phase II/III clinical trials. Emerging therapies allow to select specific antiblastics that alone or by integrating the conventional therapeutic approach may overcome/hinder chemoresistance.
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20
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Zhang C, Chen J, Song Y, Luo J, Jin P, Wang X, Xin L, Qiu F, Yao J, Wang G, Huang P. Ultrasound-Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Charge-Reversal Polymeric Nanocarriers for Efficient Pancreatic Cancer Gene Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2587-2596. [PMID: 34982524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient intracellular gene release and transfection limit nonviral gene delivery applications in cancer therapy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive nonviral gene delivery is the most widely explored strategy for such applications, yet the development of fast and safe ROS responsive nanocarriers proves to be a challenge because of the intracellular chemical equilibrium of high ROS and glutathione levels. Here, we report an ultrasound-enhanced ROS responsive charge-reversal polymeric nanocarrier (BTIL) for fast and efficient pancreatic cancer gene delivery. The BTIL is composed of B-PDEAEA/DNA polyplex-based cores and IR780-loaded liposome coatings. The IR780 is able to produce an excess of ROS under low intensity ultrasound irradiation, thus disequilibrating the chemical equilibrium of ROS and glutathione, and promoting the ROS-responsive positive-to-negative charge-reversal of the B-PDEAEA polymer. This charge conversion results in fast polyplex dissociation and intracellular gene release, inducing efficient gene transfection and cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, following the intravenous administration, BTIL maintains a stable and long circulation in the bloodstream, achieves orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma distribution, and exhibits potent antitumor activity with negligible side effects. Our results reveal the proposed strategy to be both promising and universal for the development of fast and safe ROS responsive nonviral gene delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jifan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jiali Luo
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Peile Jin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fuqiang Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianting Yao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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21
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Brena D, Huang MB, Bond V. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport: Reprogramming a tumor microenvironment conducive with breast cancer progression and metastasis. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101286. [PMID: 34839106 PMCID: PMC8636863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) role in breast tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche development. Breast cancer EV-mediated transmission of pro-metastatic and drug-resistant phenotypes. Precision medicine with EVs as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for drug and anticancer genetic material.
Breast cancer metastatic progression to critical secondary sites is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. While existing therapies are highly effective in combating primary tumors, metastatic disease is generally deemed incurable with a median survival of only 2, 3 years. Extensive efforts have focused on identifying metastatic contributory targets for therapeutic antagonism and prevention to improve patient survivability. Excessive breast cancer release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), whose contents stimulate a metastatic phenotype, represents a promising target. Complex breast cancer intercellular communication networks are based on EV transport and transference of molecular information is in bulk resulting in complete reprogramming events within recipient cells. Other breast cancer cells can acquire aggressive phenotypes, endothelial cells can be induced to undergo tubule formation, and immune cells can be neutralized. Recent advancements continue to implicate the critical role EVs play in cultivating a tumor microenvironment tailored to cancer proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and conference of drug resistance. This literature review serves to frame the role of EV transport in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The following five sections will be addressed: (1) Intercellular communication in developing a tumor microenvironment & pre-metastatic niche. (2) Induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (3). Immune suppression & evasion. (4) Transmission of drug resistance mechanisms. (5) Precision medicine: clinical applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Brena
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States.
| | - Vincent Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
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22
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Molecular targets and therapeutics in chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 39:14. [PMID: 34812991 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer (BC), which shows immunohistochemically negative expression of hormone receptor i.e., Estrogen receptor and Progesterone receptor along with the absence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2/neu). In Indian scenario the prevalence of BC is 26.3%, whereas, in West Bengal the cases are of 18.4%. But the rate of TNBC has increased up to 31% and shows 27% of total BC. Conventional chemotherapy is effective only in the initial stages but with progression of the disease the effectivity gets reduced and shown almost no effect in later or advanced stages of TNBC. Thus, TNBC patients frequently develop resistance and metastasis, due to its peculiar triple-negative nature most of the hormonal therapies also fails. Development of chemoresistance may involve various factors, such as, TNBC heterogeneity, cancer stem cells (CSCs), signaling pathway deregulation, DNA repair mechanism, hypoxia, and other molecular factors. To overcome the challenges to treat TNBC various targets and molecules have been exploited including CSCs modulator, drug efflux transporters, hypoxic factors, apoptotic proteins, and regulatory signaling pathways. Moreover, to improve the targets and efficacy of treatments researchers are emphasizing on targeted therapy for TNBC. In this review, an effort has been made to focus on phenotypic and molecular variations in TNBC along with the role of conventional as well as newly identified pathways and strategies to overcome challenge of chemoresistance.
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BAP1 and YY1 regulate expression of death receptors in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101223. [PMID: 34597666 PMCID: PMC8545693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive, and incurable cancer arising from the mesothelial lining of the pleura, with few available treatment options. We recently reported that loss of function of the nuclear deubiquitinase BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1), a frequent event in MPM, is associated with sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)–mediated apoptosis. As a potential underlying mechanism, here we report that BAP1 negatively regulates the expression of TRAIL receptors: death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5). Using tissue microarrays of tumor samples from MPM patients, we found a strong inverse correlation between BAP1 and TRAIL receptor expression. BAP1 knockdown increased DR4 and DR5 expression, whereas overexpression of BAP1 had the opposite effect. Reporter assays confirmed wt-BAP1, but not catalytically inactive BAP1 mutant, reduced promoter activities of DR4 and DR5, suggesting deubiquitinase activity is required for the regulation of gene expression. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated direct binding of BAP1 to the transcription factor Ying Yang 1 (YY1), and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed BAP1 and YY1 to be enriched in the promoter regions of DR4 and DR5. Knockdown of YY1 also increased DR4 and DR5 expression and sensitivity to TRAIL. These results suggest that BAP1 and YY1 cooperatively repress transcription of TRAIL receptors. Our finding that BAP1 directly regulates the extrinsic apoptotic pathway will provide new insights into the role of BAP1 in the development of MPM and other cancers with frequent BAP1 mutations.
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Mdm2 phosphorylation by Akt regulates the p53 response to oxidative stress to promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2003193118. [PMID: 33468664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003193118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that phosphorylation of Mdm2 by ATM and c-Abl regulates Mdm2-p53 signaling and alters the effects of DNA damage in mice, including bone marrow failure and tumorigenesis induced by ionizing radiation. Here, we examine the physiological effects of Mdm2 phosphorylation by Akt, another DNA damage effector kinase. Surprisingly, Akt phosphorylation of Mdm2 does not alter the p53-mediated effects of ionizing radiation in cells or mice but regulates the p53 response to oxidative stress. Akt phosphorylation of Mdm2 serine residue 183 increases nuclear Mdm2 stability, decreases p53 levels, and prevents senescence in primary cells exposed to reactive oxidative species (ROS). Using multiple mouse models of ROS-induced cancer, we show that Mdm2 phosphorylation by Akt reduces senescence to promote KrasG12D-driven lung cancers and carcinogen-induced papilloma and hepatocellular carcinomas. Collectively, we document a unique physiologic role for Akt-Mdm2-p53 signaling in regulating cell growth and tumorigenesis in response to oxidative stress.
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Granqvist V, Holmgren C, Larsson C. Induction of interferon-β and interferon signaling by TRAIL and Smac mimetics via caspase-8 in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248175. [PMID: 33770100 PMCID: PMC7996988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prognosis is frequently good but a substantial number of patients suffer from relapse. The death receptor ligand TRAIL can in combination with Smac mimetics induce apoptosis in some luminal-like ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, such as CAMA-1, but not in MCF-7 cells. Here we show that TRAIL and the Smac mimetic LCL161 induce non-canonical NF-κB and IFN signaling in ER-positive MCF-7 cells and in CAMA-1 breast cancer cells when apoptosis is blocked by caspase inhibition. Levels of p52 are increased and STAT1 gets phosphorylated. STAT1 phosphorylation is induced by TRAIL alone in MCF-7 cells and is independent of non-canonical NF-κB since downregulation of NIK has no effect. The phosphorylation of STAT1 is a rather late event, appearing after 24 hours of TRAIL stimulation. It is preceded by an increase in IFNB1 mRNA levels and can be blocked by siRNA targeting the type I IFN receptor IFNAR1 and by inhibition of Janus kinases by Ruxolitinib. Moreover, downregulation of caspase-8, but not inhibition of caspase activity, blocks TRAIL-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation and induction of IFN-related genes. The data suggest that TRAIL-induced IFNB1 expression in MCF-7 cells is dependent on a non-apoptotic role of caspase-8 and leads to autocrine interferon-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Granqvist
- Lund University, Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Holmgren
- Lund University, Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer Larsson
- Lund University, Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Regulation of Cancer Metastasis by TRAIL/Death Receptor Signaling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040499. [PMID: 33810241 PMCID: PMC8065657 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Death ligands such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; TNFSF10) and their corresponding death receptors (e.g., DR5) not only initiate apoptosis through activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway but also exert non-apoptotic biological functions such as regulation of inflammation and cancer metastasis. The involvement of the TRAIL/death receptor signaling pathway in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis is complex as both positive and negative roles have been reported. The underlying molecular mechanisms are even more complicated. This review will focus on discussing current knowledge in our understanding of the involvement of TRAIL/death receptor-mediated signaling in the regulation of cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Hesse F, Somai V, Kreis F, Bulat F, Wright AJ, Brindle KM. Monitoring tumor cell death in murine tumor models using deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2014631118. [PMID: 33727417 PMCID: PMC8000230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014631118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
2H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging has been shown recently to be a viable technique for metabolic imaging in the clinic. We show here that 2H MR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging measurements of [2,3-2H2]malate production from [2,3-2H2]fumarate can be used to detect tumor cell death in vivo via the production of labeled malate. Production of [2,3-2H2]malate, following injection of [2,3-2H2]fumarate (1 g/kg) into tumor-bearing mice, was measured in a murine lymphoma (EL4) treated with etoposide, and in human breast (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal (Colo205) xenografts treated with a TRAILR2 agonist, using surface-coil localized 2H MR spectroscopy at 7 T. Malate production was also imaged in EL4 tumors using a fast 2H chemical shift imaging sequence. The malate/fumarate ratio increased from 0.016 ± 0.02 to 0.16 ± 0.14 in EL4 tumors 48 h after drug treatment (P = 0.0024, n = 3), and from 0.019 ± 0.03 to 0.25 ± 0.23 in MDA-MB-231 tumors (P = 0.0001, n = 5) and from 0.016 ± 0.04 to 0.28 ± 0.26 in Colo205 tumors (P = 0.0002, n = 5) 24 h after drug treatment. These increases were correlated with increased levels of cell death measured in excised tumor sections obtained immediately after imaging. 2H MR measurements of [2,3-2H2]malate production from [2,3-2H2]fumarate provide a potentially less expensive and more sensitive method for detecting cell death in vivo than 13C MR measurements of hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate metabolism, which have been used previously for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hesse
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Vencel Somai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Kreis
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Flaviu Bulat
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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28
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Elango R, Vishnubalaji R, Shaath H, Alajez NM. Molecular subtyping and functional validation of TTK, TPX2, UBE2C, and LRP8 in sensitivity of TNBC to paclitaxel. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:601-614. [PMID: 33665229 PMCID: PMC7899947 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients exhibit variable responses to chemotherapy, suggesting an underlying molecular heterogeneity. In the current study, we analyzed publicly available transcriptome data from 360 TNBC and 88 normal breast tissues, which revealed activation of nucleosome and cell cycle as the hallmarks of TNBC. Mechanistic network analysis identified activation of FOXM1 and ERBB2, and suppression of TP53 and NURP1 networks in TNBC. Employing Iterative Clustering and Guide-gene Selection (ICGS), Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), and dimensionality reduction analyses, we classified TNBC into seven molecular subtypes, each exhibiting a unique molecular signature, including immune infiltration (CD19, CD8, and macrophages) and mesenchymal signature, which correlated with variable disease outcomes in a larger cohort (1,070) of BC. Mechanistically, depletion of TTK, TPX2, UBE2C, CDCA7, MELK, NFE2L3, DDX39A, and LRP8 led to substantial inhibition of colony formation of TNBC models, which was further enhanced in the presence of paclitaxel. Our data provide novel insights into the molecular heterogeneity of TNBC and identified TTK, TPX2, UBE2C, and LRP8 as main drivers of TNBC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Elango
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar
| | - Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar
| | - Hibah Shaath
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar.,College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar.,College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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Malavia N, Kuche K, Ghadi R, Jain S. A bird's eye view of the advanced approaches and strategies for overshadowing triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2020; 330:72-100. [PMID: 33321156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive form of breast cancer. It is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptors. The main issue with TNBC is that it exhibits poor prognosis, high risk of relapse, short progression-free survival and low overall survival in patients. This is because the conventional therapy used for managing TNBC has issues pertaining to poor bioavailability, lower cellular uptake, increased off-target effects and development of resistance. To overcome such pitfalls, several other approaches are explored. In this context, the present manuscript showcases three of the most widely used approaches which are (i) nanotechnology-based approach; (ii) gene therapy approach and (iii) Phytochemical-based approach. The ultimate focus is to present and explain the insightful reports based on these approaches. Further, the review also expounds on the identified molecular targets and novel targeting ligands which are explored for managing TNBC effectively. Thus, in a nutshell, the review tries to highlight these existing treatment approaches which might inspire for future development of novel therapies with a potential of overshadowing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Malavia
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Khawaja H, Campbell A, Roberts JZ, Javadi A, O'Reilly P, McArt D, Allen WL, Majkut J, Rehm M, Bardelli A, Di Nicolantonio F, Scott CJ, Kennedy R, Vitale N, Harrison T, Sansom OJ, Longley DB, Evergren E, Van Schaeybroeck S. RALB GTPase: a critical regulator of DR5 expression and TRAIL sensitivity in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:930. [PMID: 33122623 PMCID: PMC7596570 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS mutant (MT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is resistant to MEK1/2 inhibition and remains a difficult-to-treat group. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel treatment options for RASMT mCRC. RALA and RALB GTPases function downstream of RAS and have been found to be key regulators of several cell functions implicated in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. However, their role as regulators of the apoptotic machinery remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that inhibition of RALB expression, but not RALA, resulted in Caspase-8-dependent cell death in KRASMT CRC cells, which was not further increased following MEK1/2 inhibition. Proteomic analysis and mechanistic studies revealed that RALB depletion induced a marked upregulation of the pro-apoptotic cell surface TRAIL Death Receptor 5 (DR5) (also known as TRAIL-R2), primarily through modulating DR5 protein lysosomal degradation. Moreover, DR5 knockdown or knockout attenuated siRALB-induced apoptosis, confirming the role of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway as a regulator of siRALB-induced cell death. Importantly, TRAIL treatment resulted in the association of RALB with the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) and targeting RALB using pharmacologic inhibition or RNAi approaches triggered a potent increase in TRAIL-induced cell death in KRASMT CRC cells. Significantly, high RALB mRNA levels were found in the poor prognostic Colorectal Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes (CRIS)-B CRC subgroup. Collectively, this study provides to our knowledge the first evidence for a role for RALB in apoptotic priming and suggests that RALB inhibition may be a promising strategy to improve response to TRAIL treatment in poor prognostic RASMT CRIS-B CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajrah Khawaja
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jamie Z Roberts
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Arman Javadi
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Paul O'Reilly
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Darragh McArt
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Wendy L Allen
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Joanna Majkut
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
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Ly L, Cheng X, Murthy SRK, Zhuang T, Jones OZ, Basadonna G, Keidar M, Canady J. Canady cold plasma conversion system treatment: An effective inhibitor of cell viability in breast cancer molecular subtypes. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2020.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhou W, Han H, Xu J, Sun T, Feng X. Autophagic Vacuole Secretion Triggered by Chidamide Participates in TRAIL Apoptosis Effect in Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 27:2366-2380. [PMID: 32787747 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200811175513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases threatening women's health today. Indepth research on breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis and prevention and treatment methods are gradually receiving attention. Chidamide is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that depresses the function of histone deacetylase, consequently affecting the growth of BC cells through epigenetic modification. However, preclinical and clinical studies show that chidamide is ineffective in long-term treatment. We demonstrated in previous experiments that TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in BC cells and is significantly less non-toxic to normal cells than chidamide. Therefore, in this study, we treated BC cells with chidamide and TRAIL to explore a novel option to reduce the clinical toxicity through augmenting the sensitivity for BC cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Results from the MTT and cell viability assays indicated that the combination of chidamide and TRAIL in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced BC cell death, while maintaining a reduced concentration of chidamide. Autophagy assay and annexin V analysis showed that the autophagosome microtubuleassociated protein1light chain3-II (LC3-II) was abnormally increased and much more early and late phase of apoptotic cells appeared during chidamide and TRAIL induction. Anti-tumor assays in a BC tumor xenograft model displayed that the mixture of chidamide and TRAIL exhibited stronger effects on inhibiting tumor growth. The data from real-time PCR and western blotting showed that the cytotoxic effect correlated with the expressions of related apoptosis and autophagy factors. CONCLUSION Our data are the first to demonstrate the synergistic effects of chidamide and TRAIL in BC cells, specifically, the pharmacological effects on cell death induction. These results lay a solid experimental and theoretical basis to solve the clinical resistance of chidamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and & Institute, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Rd, Dadong Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110042, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and & Institute, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Rd, Dadong Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110042, China
| | - Xiuyan Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, No.20 North 9th St, Heping Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110002, China
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Haider T, Pandey V, Banjare N, Gupta PN, Soni V. Drug resistance in cancer: mechanisms and tackling strategies. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1125-1151. [PMID: 32700248 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance developed towards conventional therapy is one of the important reasons for chemotherapy failure in cancer. The various underlying mechanism for drug resistance development in tumor includes tumor heterogeneity, some cellular levels changes, genetic factors, and others novel mechanisms which have been highlighted in the past few years. In the present scenario, researchers have to focus on these novel mechanisms and their tackling strategies. The small molecules, peptides, and nanotherapeutics have emerged to overcome the drug resistance in cancer. The drug delivery systems with targeting moiety enhance the site-specificity, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and increase the drug concentration inside the cells, thus minimizing drug resistance and improve their therapeutic efficacy. These therapeutic approaches work by modulating the different pathways responsible for drug resistance. This review focuses on the different mechanisms of drug resistance and the recent advancements in therapeutic approaches to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagma Banjare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, J&K, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, J&K, India.
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Zhang Y, Ye M, Huang F, Wang S, Wang H, Mou X, Wang Y. Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing ST13 Increases Antitumor Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:891-903. [PMID: 32475172 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are promising agents for cancer therapy, representing a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, there are challenges associated with the successful use of an OAd alone, involving the security of the viral vector and screening of an effective antitumor gene. In the present study, a novel OAd CD55-ST13-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was constructed in which the dual therapeutic genes ST13 and TRAIL were inserted, featuring the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a promoter to control E1A and deletion of the 55 kDa E1B gene. ST13, known as a colorectal cancer suppressor gene, exhibited lower expression in PDAC than in tumor-adjacent tissues and was associated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. In vitro studies demonstrated that CD55-ST13-TRAIL was effective in promoting the expression of ST13 and TRAIL in CEA-positive pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, CD55-ST13-TRAIL exhibited a synergistic effect toward tumor cell death compared with CD55-ST13 alone or CD55-TRAIL alone, and inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis dependent on caspase pathways in PDAC cells. Furthermore, xenograft experiments in a mouse model indicated that CD55-ST13-TRAIL significantly inhibited tumor growth and improved the survival of animals with xenografts. The findings demonstrate that oncolytic virotherapy under the control of the promoter CEA enables safe and efficient treatment of PDAC, and suggest that it represents a promising candidate for the treatment of metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youni Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Miaojuan Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huiju Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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35
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Chandler PG, Buckle AM. Development and Differentiation in Monobodies Based on the Fibronectin Type 3 Domain. Cells 2020; 9:E610. [PMID: 32143310 PMCID: PMC7140400 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-antibody scaffold, monobodies based on the fibronectin type III (FN3) domain overcome antibody size and complexity while maintaining analogous binding loops. However, antibodies and their derivatives remain the gold standard for the design of new therapeutics. In response, clinical-stage therapeutic proteins based on the FN3 domain are beginning to use native fibronectin function as a point of differentiation. The small and simple structure of monomeric monobodies confers increased tissue distribution and reduced half-life, whilst the absence of disulphide bonds improves stability in cytosolic environments. Where multi-specificity is challenging with an antibody format that is prone to mis-pairing between chains, multiple FN3 domains in the fibronectin assembly already interact with a large number of molecules. As such, multiple monobodies engineered for interaction with therapeutic targets are being combined in a similar beads-on-a-string assembly which improves both efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, full length fibronectin is able to fold into multiple conformations as part of its natural function and a greater understanding of how mechanical forces allow for the transition between states will lead to advanced applications that truly differentiate the FN3 domain as a therapeutic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Chandler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
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Humphreys LM, Fox JP, Higgins CA, Majkut J, Sessler T, McLaughlin K, McCann C, Roberts JZ, Crawford NT, McDade SS, Scott CJ, Harrison T, Longley DB. A revised model of TRAIL-R2 DISC assembly explains how FLIP(L) can inhibit or promote apoptosis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49254. [PMID: 32009295 PMCID: PMC7054686 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The long FLIP splice form FLIP(L) can act as both an inhibitor and promoter of caspase‐8 at death‐inducing signalling complexes (DISCs) formed by death receptors such as TRAIL‐R2 and related intracellular complexes such as the ripoptosome. Herein, we describe a revised DISC assembly model that explains how FLIP(L) can have these opposite effects by defining the stoichiometry (with respect to caspase‐8) at which it converts from being anti‐ to pro‐apoptotic at the DISC. We also show that in the complete absence of FLIP(L), procaspase‐8 activation at the TRAIL‐R2 DISC has significantly slower kinetics, although ultimately the extent of apoptosis is significantly greater. This revised model of DISC assembly also explains why FLIP's recruitment to the TRAIL‐R2 DISC is impaired in the absence of caspase‐8 despite showing that it can interact with the DISC adaptor protein FADD and why the short FLIP splice form FLIP(S) is the more potent inhibitor of DISC‐mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Humphreys
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer P Fox
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine A Higgins
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joanna Majkut
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamas Sessler
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kirsty McLaughlin
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher McCann
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jamie Z Roberts
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nyree T Crawford
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon S McDade
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Timothy Harrison
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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37
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Dai H, Jiang Y, Luo Y, Bie P, Chen Z. Triptolide enhances TRAIL sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells by activating autophagy via downregulation of PUM1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152953. [PMID: 31128486 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triptolide (TPL) can enhance the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), but available research is limited to whether TPL can affect the relevant downstream signaling pathways of TRAIL. Current knowledge is far from adequate to fully understand the mechanisms by which TPL increases TRAIL sensitivity of pancreatic cancer. PURPOSE We aimed to find TPL-regulated upstream components of the signaling pathways of TRAIL to further understand the regulatory mechanism by which TPL increases the sensitivity to TRAIL. METHODS Microarray analysis and the adherent cell cytometry system Celigo were used to identify the TRAIL-related genes. Western blot analysis, cell proliferation assays, tumorigenicity assays in nude mice, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to analyze the function of Pumilio RNA-binding family member 1 (PUM1) in TPL-mediated enhancement of sensitivity to TRAIL. The effect of PUM1 silencing on the p27-CDK2 complex was examined by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS PUM1 expression was decreased by TPL and TPL + TRAIL but was not decreased by TRAIL alone. PUM1 silencing enhanced low-concentration-TRAIL-induced suppression of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis and increased p27 expression and the amount of the p27-CDK2 complex in pancreatic cancer cells. PUM1 overexpression attenuated the effects of TPL treatment (TRAIL-induced cell proliferation suppression and apoptosis promotion), while PUM1 silencing and TPL enhanced low-concentration-TRAIL-induced autophagy activation in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, PUM1 overexpression attenuated the effect of TPL treatment on TRAIL-induced autophagy activation in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSION PUM1 silencing increased the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL in vivo and in vitro, indicating that PUM1 may be a new target for increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL. In addition, our results indicate that TPL enhances TRAIL sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells by activating autophagy via downregulation of PUM1. This novel concept may have significant implications for the development of new strategies to enhance TRAIL sensitivity of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuandeng Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Bie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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38
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Nedeljković M, Damjanović A. Mechanisms of Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-How We Can Rise to the Challenge. Cells 2019; 8:E957. [PMID: 31443516 PMCID: PMC6770896 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to high heterogeneity, aggressive nature, and lack of treatment options. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for TNBC treatment, but unfortunately, patients frequently develop resistance. Accordingly, in recent years, tremendous effort has been made into elucidating the mechanisms of TNBC chemoresistance with the goal of identifying new molecular targets. It has become evident that the development of TNBC chemoresistance is multifaceted and based on the elaborate interplay of the tumor microenvironment, drug efflux, cancer stem cells, and bulk tumor cells. Alterations of multiple signaling pathways govern these interactions. Moreover, TNBC's high heterogeneity, highlighted in the existence of several molecular signatures, presents a significant obstacle to successful treatment. In the present, in-depth review, we explore the contribution of key mechanisms to TNBC chemoresistance as well as emerging strategies to overcome them. We discuss novel anti-tumor agents that target the components of these mechanisms and pay special attention to their current clinical development while emphasizing the challenges still ahead of successful TNBC management. The evidence presented in this review outlines the role of crucial pathways in TNBC survival following chemotherapy treatment and highlights the importance of using combinatorial drug strategies and incorporating biomarkers in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Nedeljković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Damjanović
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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39
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Lim B, Greer Y, Lipkowitz S, Takebe N. Novel Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for the Treatment of Cancer, a New Arsenal in the Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081087. [PMID: 31370269 PMCID: PMC6721450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is an important hallmark of cancer cells. Alterations of apoptosis pathways are especially critical as they confer resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapeutics, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Thus, successful induction of apoptosis using novel therapeutics may be a key strategy for preventing recurrence and metastasis. Inhibitors of anti-apoptotic molecules and enhancers of pro-apoptotic molecules are being actively developed for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors in particular over the last decade. However, due to the complicated apoptosis process caused by a multifaceted connection with cross-talk pathways, protein–protein interaction, and diverse resistance mechanisms, drug development within the category has been extremely challenging. Careful design and development of clinical trials incorporating predictive biomarkers along with novel apoptosis-inducing agents based on rational combination strategies are needed to ensure the successful development of these molecules. Here, we review the landscape of currently available direct apoptosis-targeting agents in clinical development for cancer treatment and update the related biomarker advancement to detect and validate the efficacy of apoptosis-targeted therapies, along with strategies to combine them with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yoshimi Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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40
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Hesketh RL, Wang J, Wright AJ, Lewis DY, Denton AE, Grenfell R, Miller JL, Bielik R, Gehrung M, Fala M, Ros S, Xie B, Hu DE, Brindle KM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is More Sensitive Than PET for Detecting Treatment-Induced Cell Death-Dependent Changes in Glycolysis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3557-3569. [PMID: 31088837 PMCID: PMC6640042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic imaging has been widely used to measure the early responses of tumors to treatment. Here, we assess the abilities of PET measurement of [18F]FDG uptake and MRI measurement of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism to detect early changes in glycolysis following treatment-induced cell death in human colorectal (Colo205) and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) xenografts in mice. A TRAIL agonist that binds to human but not mouse cells induced tumor-selective cell death. Tumor glycolysis was assessed by injecting [1,6-13C2]glucose and measuring 13C-labeled metabolites in tumor extracts. Injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate induced rapid reduction in lactate labeling. This decrease, which correlated with an increase in histologic markers of cell death and preceded decrease in tumor volume, reflected reduced flux from glucose to lactate and decreased lactate concentration. However, [18F]FDG uptake and phosphorylation were maintained following treatment, which has been attributed previously to increased [18F]FDG uptake by infiltrating immune cells. Quantification of [18F]FDG uptake in flow-sorted tumor and immune cells from disaggregated tumors identified CD11b+/CD45+ macrophages as the most [18F]FDG-avid cell type present, yet they represented <5% of the cells present in the tumors and could not explain the failure of [18F]FDG-PET to detect treatment response. MRI measurement of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism is therefore a more sensitive marker of the early decreases in glycolytic flux that occur following cell death than PET measurements of [18F]FDG uptake. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate superior sensitivity of MRI measurement of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism versus PET measurement of 18F-FDG uptake for detecting early changes in glycolysis following treatment-induced tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Hesketh
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Wright
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Y Lewis
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E Denton
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Hall House, Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Grenfell
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jodi L Miller
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Bielik
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Gehrung
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fala
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Ros
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bangwen Xie
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - De-En Hu
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Molecular Mode of Action of TRAIL Receptor Agonists-Common Principles and Their Translational Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070954. [PMID: 31284696 PMCID: PMC6678900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptors TRAILR1/death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAILR2/DR5 trigger cell death in many cancer cells but rarely exert cytotoxic activity on non-transformed cells. Against this background, a variety of recombinant TRAIL variants and anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Despite promising results from mice tumor models, TRAIL death receptor targeting has failed so far in clinical studies to show satisfying anti-tumor efficacy. These disappointing results can largely be explained by two issues: First, tumor cells can acquire TRAIL resistance by several mechanisms defining a need for combination therapies with appropriate sensitizing drugs. Second, there is now growing preclinical evidence that soluble TRAIL variants but also bivalent anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies typically require oligomerization or plasma membrane anchoring to achieve maximum activity. This review discusses the need for oligomerization and plasma membrane attachment for the activity of TRAIL death receptor agonists in view of what is known about the molecular mechanisms of how TRAIL death receptors trigger intracellular cell death signaling. In particular, it will be highlighted which consequences this has for the development of next generation TRAIL death receptor agonists and their potential clinical application.
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