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Rawle DJ, Hugo LE, Cox AL, Devine GJ, Suhrbier A. Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:621-636. [PMID: 38570719 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recently declared a global initiative to control arboviral diseases. These are mainly caused by pathogenic flaviviruses (such as dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses) and alphaviruses (such as chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses). Vaccines represent key interventions for these viruses, with licensed human and/or veterinary vaccines being available for several members of both genera. However, a hurdle for the licensing of new vaccines is the epidemic nature of many arboviruses, which presents logistical challenges for phase III efficacy trials. Furthermore, our ability to predict or measure the post-vaccination immune responses that are sufficient for subclinical outcomes post-infection is limited. Given that arboviruses are also subject to control by the immune system of their insect vectors, several approaches are now emerging that aim to augment antiviral immunity in mosquitoes, including Wolbachia infection, transgenic mosquitoes, insect-specific viruses and paratransgenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent advances, current challenges and future prospects in exploiting both vertebrate and invertebrate immune systems for the control of flaviviral and alphaviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rawle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abigail L Cox
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor J Devine
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Hick TAH, Geertsema C, Nguyen W, Bishop CR, van Oosten L, Abbo SR, Dumenil T, van Kuppeveld FJM, Langereis MA, Rawle DJ, Tang B, Yan K, van Oers MM, Suhrbier A, Pijlman GP. Safety concern of recombination between self-amplifying mRNA vaccines and viruses is mitigated in vivo. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2519-2534. [PMID: 38894543 PMCID: PMC11405153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vaccines can be rapidly deployed in the event of disease outbreaks. A legitimate safety concern is the potential for recombination between alphavirus-based SAM vaccines and circulating viruses. This theoretical risk needs to be assessed in the regulatory process for SAM vaccine approval. Herein, we undertake extensive in vitro and in vivo assessments to explore recombination between SAM vaccine and a wide selection of alphaviruses and a coronavirus. SAM vaccines were found to effectively limit alphavirus co-infection through superinfection exclusion, although some co-replication was still possible. Using sensitive cell-based assays, replication-competent alphavirus chimeras were generated in vitro as a result of rare, but reproducible, RNA recombination events. The chimeras displayed no increased fitness in cell culture. Viable alphavirus chimeras were not detected in vivo in C57BL/6J, Rag1-/- and Ifnar-/- mice, in which high levels of SAM vaccine and alphavirus co-replicated in the same tissue. Furthermore, recombination between a SAM-spike vaccine and a swine coronavirus was not observed. In conclusion we state that although the ability of SAM vaccines to recombine with alphaviruses might be viewed as an environmental safety concern, several key factors substantially mitigate against in vivo emergence of chimeric viruses from SAM vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy A H Hick
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corinne Geertsema
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Cameron R Bishop
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Linda van Oosten
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra R Abbo
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Langereis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia.
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Fu JYL, Chua CL, Abu Bakar AS, Vythilingam I, Wan Sulaiman WY, Alphey L, Chan YF, Sam IC. Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti and human populations to Ross River virus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011423. [PMID: 37307291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging arboviruses such as chikungunya and Zika viruses have unexpectedly caused widespread outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions recently. Ross River virus (RRV) is endemic in Australia and has epidemic potential. In Malaysia, Aedes mosquitoes are abundant and drive dengue and chikungunya outbreaks. We assessed risk of an RRV outbreak in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by determining vector competence of local Aedes mosquitoes and local seroprevalence as a proxy of human population susceptibility. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We assessed oral susceptibility of Malaysian Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by real-time PCR to an Australian RRV strain SW2089. Replication kinetics in midgut, head and saliva were determined at 3 and 10 days post-infection (dpi). With a 3 log10 PFU/ml blood meal, infection rate was higher in Ae. albopictus (60%) than Ae. aegypti (15%; p<0.05). Despite similar infection rates at 5 and 7 log10 PFU/ml blood meals, Ae. albopictus had significantly higher viral loads and required a significantly lower median oral infectious dose (2.7 log10 PFU/ml) than Ae. aegypti (4.2 log10 PFU/ml). Ae. albopictus showed higher vector competence, with higher viral loads in heads and saliva, and higher transmission rate (RRV present in saliva) of 100% at 10 dpi, than Ae. aegypti (41%). Ae. aegypti demonstrated greater barriers at either midgut escape or salivary gland infection, and salivary gland escape. We then assessed seropositivity against RRV among 240 Kuala Lumpur inpatients using plaque reduction neutralization, and found a low rate of 0.8%. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are susceptible to RRV, but Ae. albopictus displays greater vector competence. Extensive travel links with Australia, abundant Aedes vectors, and low population immunity places Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia at risk of an imported RRV outbreak. Surveillance and increased diagnostic awareness and capacity are imperative to prevent establishment of new arboviruses in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Yin Ling Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Long Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Luke Alphey
- Arthropod Genetics Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gao Y, Yang L, Chen Y, Liu P, Zhou Y, Chen X, Gu J. Aal-circRNA-407 regulates ovarian development of Aedes albopictus, a major arbovirus vector, via the miR-9a-5p/Foxl axis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011374. [PMID: 37146060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus shows a rapid global expansion and dramatic vectorial capacity for various arboviruses, thus posing a severe threat to global health. Although many noncoding RNAs have been confirmed to play functional roles in various biological processes in Ae. albopictus, the roles of circRNA remain a mystery. In the present study, we first performed high-throughput circRNA sequencing in Ae. albopictus. Then, we identified a cysteine desulfurase (CsdA) superfamily gene-originated circRNA, named aal-circRNA-407, which was the third most abundant circRNA in adult females and displayed a fat body highly expressed manifestation and blood feeding-dependent onset. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of circRNA-407 resulted in a decrease in the number of developing follicles and a reduction in follicle size post blood meal. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circRNA-407 can act as a sponge of aal-miR-9a-5p to promote the expression of its target gene Foxl and eventually regulate ovarian development. Our study is the first to report a functional circRNA in mosquitoes, expanding our current understanding of important biological roles in mosquitoes and providing an alternative genetic strategy for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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N-Linked Glycans Shape Skin Immune Responses during Arthritis and Myositis after Intradermal Infection with Ross River Virus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0099922. [PMID: 36000846 PMCID: PMC9472629 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00999-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are mosquito-borne arboviruses that include several re-emerging human pathogens, including the chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), Mayaro (MAYV), and o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) virus. Arboviruses are transmitted via a mosquito bite to the skin. Herein, we describe intradermal RRV infection in a mouse model that replicates the arthritis and myositis seen in humans with Ross River virus disease (RRVD). We show that skin infection with RRV results in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, which together with dendritic cells migrate to draining lymph nodes (LN) of the skin. Neutrophils and monocytes are productively infected and traffic virus from the skin to LN. We show that viral envelope N-linked glycosylation is a key determinant of skin immune responses and disease severity. RRV grown in mammalian cells elicited robust early antiviral responses in the skin, while RRV grown in mosquito cells stimulated poorer early antiviral responses. We used glycan mass spectrometry to characterize the glycan profile of mosquito and mammalian cell-derived RRV, showing deglycosylation of the RRV E2 glycoprotein is associated with curtailed skin immune responses and reduced disease following intradermal infection. Altogether, our findings demonstrate skin infection with an arthritogenic alphavirus leads to musculoskeletal disease and envelope glycoprotein glycosylation shapes disease outcome. IMPORTANCE Arthritogenic alphaviruses are transmitted via mosquito bites through the skin, potentially causing debilitating diseases. Our understanding of how viral infection starts in the skin and how virus systemically disseminates to cause disease remains limited. Intradermal arbovirus infection described herein results in musculoskeletal pathology, which is dependent on viral envelope N-linked glycosylation. As such, intradermal infection route provides new insights into how arboviruses cause disease and could be extended to future investigations of skin immune responses following infection with other re-emerging arboviruses.
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Hanafi-Bojd AA, Motazakker M, Vatandoost H, Dabiri F, Chavshin AR. Sindbis virus infection of mosquito species in the wetlands of northwestern Iran and modeling the probable ecological niches of SINV vectors in the country. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105952. [PMID: 33979644 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sindbis virus (SINV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are among the most widely spread mosquito-borne viruses worldwide. Due to the key role of mosquitoes in the transmission cycle of vector-borne diseases, models such as Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) have been used in recent years to predict the environmental suitability and ecological niches of mosquito vectors. Infection of three mosquito species (Anopheles maculipennis s.l., Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culiseta longiareolata) with CHIKV has recently been reported in Iran. However, given the importance of vector-borne diseases in the country, there is a need for extensive studies on the infection of mosquitoes with CHIKV and SINV in different areas of the country. Accordingly, the current research was conducted to investigate the infection of mosquitoes with the two aforementioned viruses in the northwestern part of Iran and also to model the ecological niches of the vectors of these mosquito-borne viruses in the country. In the current study, 4639 mosquito specimens, consisting of 2515 adults and 2124 larvae, were collected from the wetlands of West Azerbaijan Province and identified. Ten species belonging to four genera were identified in this study. The specimens were allocated to 149 pools for the determination of infection with CHIKV and SINV. The amplification pattern of five pools comprising two mosquito species (Culex pipiens complex and Cx. Theileri) corresponded to the reference strain of SINV, and the isolates were sequenced to confirm the presence of SINV genome. No cases of CHIKV infection were found among the 149 examined mosquito pools. Data on the distribution of Cx. Pipiens complex and Cx. Theileri were mapped using ArcMap 10.5. Prediction maps of the presence probability for these species revealed that they are most likely to be found in and spread to the north, northwest, south, and southeastern areas of the country and in areas with abundant water resources. For the first time in Iran, our study investigated the presence probability of SINV vectors using ecological niche modeling. Ecological niche profiling showed that the most suitable habitats for Cx. pipiens are mainly concentrated in the north and northwestern parts of the country, whereas Cx. theileri is mostly located in the northwest and western regions. However, there were some other areas of low suitability for these two species in the country. Further studies in a broader geographical area with more species of mosquitos and the determination of infection with other mosquito-borne viruses can provide a clear understanding of the potential spread of mosquito-borne diseases in various regions of Iran.
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Hibl BM, Dailey Garnes NJM, Kneubehl AR, Vogt MB, Spencer Clinton JL, Rico-Hesse RR. Mosquito-bite infection of humanized mice with chikungunya virus produces systemic disease with long-term effects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009427. [PMID: 34106915 PMCID: PMC8189471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne alphavirus responsible for acute to chronic arthralgias and neuropathies. Although it originated in central Africa, recent reports of disease have come from many parts of the world, including the Americas. While limiting human CHIKV cases through mosquito control has been used, it has not been entirely successful. There are currently no licensed vaccines or treatments specific for CHIKV disease, thus more work is needed to develop effective countermeasures. Current animal research on CHIKV is often not representative of human disease. Most models use CHIKV needle inoculation via unnatural routes to create immediate viremia and localized clinical signs; these methods neglect the natural route of transmission (the mosquito vector bite) and the associated human immune response. Since mosquito saliva has been shown to have a profound effect on viral pathogenesis, we evaluated a novel model of infection that included the natural vector, Aedes species mosquitoes, transmitting CHIKV to mice containing components of the human immune system. Humanized mice infected by 3-6 mosquito bites showed signs of systemic infection, with demonstrable viremia (by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent antibody assay), mild to moderate clinical signs (by observation, histology, and immunohistochemistry), and immune responses consistent with human infection (by flow cytometry and IgM ELISA). This model should give a better understanding of human CHIKV disease and allow for more realistic evaluations of mechanisms of pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M. Hibl
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie J. M. Dailey Garnes
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megan B. Vogt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Qiao J, Zhang D, Zhong C, Wang S, Li X, Feng L, Shi S, Wang B, Liu Q. Systematic identification of autophagy-related proteins in Aedes albopictus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245694. [PMID: 33465164 PMCID: PMC7815101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process playing a role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis and response to changing nutrient conditions via degradation and recirculation of cellular redundant components. Autophagy-related proteins (Atg) play important function in autophagy pathway. Aedes albopictus mosquito is an effective vector transmitting multiple viruses which cause serious human diseases. Moreover, Aedes albopictus mosquito is becoming a serious threat to human health due to its widening distribution in recent years and thus worth of more research attention. It was reported that autophagy might play a role in viral infection in Aedes mosquito. To better understand the interaction between autophagy and arbovirus infection in mosquito system, it is necessary to identify autophagy pathway in the system. However, autophagy in Aedes albopictus mosquito is still poorly understood so far. We recently identified AaAtg8, the first Atg protein reported in Aedes albopictus mosquito. This work further identified twelve atg genes in Aedes albopictus mosquito. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the twelve atg genes were performed. Expression profiles of all the twelve Aaatg genes in different developmental stages and genders of Aedes albopictus mosquito were conducted. Effects of chemicals inhibiting or inducing autophagy on the levels of eight identified AaAtg proteins were examined. The function of two identified AaAtg proteins AaAtg6 and AaAtg16 and their response to arbovirus SINV infection were studied preliminarily. Taken together, this work systematically identified Aedes albopictus atg genes and provided basic information which might help to elucidate the autophagy pathway and the role of autophagy in arbovirus infection in Aedes mosquito system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jialu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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Pickering P, Hugo LE, Devine GJ, Aaskov JG, Liu W. Australian Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are susceptible to infection with a highly divergent and sylvatic strain of dengue virus type 2 but are unlikely to transmit it. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:240. [PMID: 32393378 PMCID: PMC7212620 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans are the primary hosts of dengue viruses (DENV). However, sylvatic cycles of transmission can occur among non-human primates and human encroachment into forested regions can be a source of emergence of new strains such as the highly divergent and sylvatic strain of DENV2, QML22, recovered from a dengue fever patient returning to Australia from Borneo. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of Australian Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for this virus. Methods Four- to five-day-old mosquitoes from two strains of Ae. aegypti from Queensland, Australia, were fed a meal of sheep blood containing 108 50% cell culture infectious dose per ml (CCID50/ml) of either QML22 or an epidemic strain of DENV serotype 2 (QML16) isolated from a dengue fever patient in Australia in 2015. Mosquitoes were maintained at 28 °C, 75% relative humidity and sampled 7, 10 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Live virions in mosquito bodies (abdomen/thorax), legs and wings and saliva expectorates from individual mosquitoes were quantified using a cell culture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CCELISA) to determine infection, dissemination and transmission rates. Results The infection and dissemination rates of the sylvatic DENV2 strain, QML22, were significantly lower than that for QML16. While the titres of virus in the bodies of mosquitoes infected with either of these viruses were similar, titres in legs and wings were significantly lower in mosquitoes infected with QML22 at most time points although they reached similar levels by 14 dpi. QML16 was detected in 16% (n = 25) and 28% (n = 25) of saliva expectorates at 10 and 14 dpi, respectively. In contrast, no virus was detected in the saliva expectorates of QML22 infected mosquitoes. Conclusions Australia urban/peri-urban Ae. aegypti species are susceptible to infection by the sylvatic and highly divergent DENV 2 QML22 but replication of QML22 is attenuated relative to the contemporary strain, QML16. A salivary gland infection or escape barrier may be acting to prevent infection of saliva and would prevent onward transmission of this highly divergent virus in Australia.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Pickering
- Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John G Aaskov
- Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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Hugo LE, Stassen L, La J, Gosden E, Ekwudu O, Winterford C, Viennet E, Faddy HM, Devine GJ, Frentiu FD. Vector competence of Australian Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for an epidemic strain of Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007281. [PMID: 30946747 PMCID: PMC6467424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemics of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Pacific and the Americas have highlighted its potential as an emerging pathogen of global importance. Both Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus are known to transmit ZIKV but variable vector competence has been observed between mosquito populations from different geographical regions and different virus strains. Since Australia remains at risk of ZIKV introduction, we evaluated the vector competence of local Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for a Brazilian epidemic ZIKV strain. In addition, we evaluated the impact of daily temperature fluctuations around a mean of 28°C on ZIKV transmission and extrinsic incubation period. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mosquitoes were orally challenged with a Brazilian ZIKV strain (8.8 log CCID50/ml) and maintained at either 28°C constant or fluctuating temperature conditions. At 3, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), ZIKV RNA copies were quantified in mosquito bodies, as well as wings and legs, using qRT-PCR, while virus antigen in saliva (a proxy for transmission) was detected using a cell culture ELISA. Despite high body and disseminated infection rates in both vectors, the transmission rates of ZIKV in saliva of Ae. aegypti (50-60%) were significantly higher than in Ae. albopictus (10%) at 14 dpi. Both species supported a high viral load in bodies, with no significant differences between constant and fluctuating temperature conditions. However, a significant difference in viral load in wings and legs between species was observed, with higher titres in Ae. aegypti maintained at constant temperature conditions. For ZIKV transmission to occur in Ae. aegypti, a disseminated virus load threshold of 7.59 log10 copies had to be reached. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Australian Ae. aegypti are better able to transmit a Brazilian ZIKV strain than Ae. albopictus. The results are in agreement with the global consensus that Ae. aegypti is the major vector of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon E. Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liesel Stassen
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica La
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edward Gosden
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - O’mezie Ekwudu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histotechnology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor J. Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Mascarenhas M, Garasia S, Berthiaume P, Corrin T, Greig J, Ng V, Young I, Waddell L. A scoping review of published literature on chikungunya virus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207554. [PMID: 30496207 PMCID: PMC6264817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused several major epidemics globally over the last two decades and is quickly expanding into new areas. Although this mosquito-borne disease is self-limiting and is not associated with high mortality, it can lead to severe, chronic and disabling arthritis, thereby posing a heavy burden to healthcare systems. The two main vectors for CHIKV are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito); however, many other mosquito species have been described as competent CHIKV vectors in scientific literature. With climate change, globalization and unfettered urban planning affecting many areas, CHIKV poses a significant public health risk to many countries. A scoping review was conducted to collate and categorize all pertinent information gleaned from published scientific literature on a priori defined aspects of CHIKV and its competent vectors. After developing a sensitive and specific search algorithm for the research question, seven databases were searched and data was extracted from 1920 relevant articles. Results show that CHIKV research is reported predominantly in areas after major epidemics have occurred. There has been an upsurge in CHIKV publications since 2011, especially after first reports of CHIKV emergence in the Americas. A list of hosts and vectors that could potentially be involved in the sylvatic and urban transmission cycles of CHIKV has been compiled in this scoping review. In addition, a repository of CHIKV mutations associated with evolutionary fitness and adaptation has been created by compiling and characterizing these genetic variants as reported in scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Mascarenhas
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophiya Garasia
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Berthiaume
- National Microbiology Laboratory at St. Hyacinthe, Public Health Agency of Canada, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tricia Corrin
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Greig
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Ng
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Young
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Waddell
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Setoh YX, Peng NY, Nakayama E, Amarilla AA, Prow NA, Suhrbier A, Khromykh AA. Fetal Brain Infection Is Not a Unique Characteristic of Brazilian Zika Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100541. [PMID: 30282919 PMCID: PMC6213914 DOI: 10.3390/v10100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil was associated with an increased number of fetal brain infections that resulted in a spectrum of congenital neurological complications known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Herein, we generated de novo from sequence data an early Asian lineage ZIKV isolate (ZIKV-MY; Malaysia, 1966) not associated with microcephaly and compared the in vitro replication kinetics and fetal brain infection in interferon α/β receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR1−/−) dams of this isolate and of a Brazilian isolate (ZIKV-Natal; Natal, 2015) unequivocally associated with microcephaly. The replication efficiencies of ZIKV-MY and ZIKV-Natal in A549 and Vero cells were similar, while ZIKV-MY replicated more efficiently in wild-type (WT) and IFNAR−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Viremias in IFNAR1−/− dams were similar after infection with ZIKV-MY or ZIKV-Natal, and importantly, infection of fetal brains was also not significantly different. Thus, fetal brain infection does not appear to be a unique feature of Brazilian ZIKV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiang Setoh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Nias Y Peng
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Natalie A Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia.
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13
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Teo TH, Lum FM, Ghaffar K, Chan YH, Amrun SN, Tan JJL, Lee CYP, Chua TK, Carissimo G, Lee WWL, Claser C, Rajarethinam R, Rénia L, Ng LFP. Plasmodium co-infection protects against chikungunya virus-induced pathologies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3905. [PMID: 30254309 PMCID: PMC6156405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with Plasmodium and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been reported in humans, but the impact of co-infection on pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that prior exposure to Plasmodium suppresses CHIKV-associated pathologies in mice. Mechanistically, Plasmodium infection induces IFNγ, which reduces viraemia of a subsequent CHIKV infection and suppresses tissue viral load and joint inflammation. Conversely, concomitant infection with both pathogens limits the peak of joint inflammation with no effect on CHIKV viraemia. Reduced peak joint inflammation is regulated by elevated apoptosis of CD4+ T-cells in the lymph nodes and disrupted CXCR3-mediated CD4+ T-cell migration that abolishes their infiltration into the joints. Virus clearance from tissues is delayed in both infection scenarios, and is associated with a disruption of B cell affinity-maturation in the spleen that reduces CHIKV-neutralizing antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck-Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Fok-Moon Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Khairunnisa Ghaffar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Centre for Life Sciences #05-01, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jeslin J L Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Y P Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Centre for Life Sciences #05-01, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Tze-Kwang Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Wendy W L Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ravisankar Rajarethinam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Centre for Life Sciences #05-01, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
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14
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Ciocchetta S, Prow NA, Darbro JM, Frentiu FD, Savino S, Montarsi F, Capelli G, Aaskov JG, Devine GJ. The new European invader Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus: a potential vector of chikungunya virus. Pathog Glob Health 2018; 112:107-114. [PMID: 29737236 PMCID: PMC6056824 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2018.1464780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne disease outbreaks, facilitated by the introduction of exotic mosquitoes, pose a significant public health threat. Recent chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemics in Europe highlight the importance of understanding the vector potential of invading mosquitoes. In this paper we explore the potential of Aedes koreicus, a mosquito new to Europe, to transmit CHIKV. Mosquitoes were challenged with CHIKV and maintained at two temperatures: 23 °C and a fluctuating temperature. Total CHIKV infection rates at 3, 10 and 14 days post-feeding were low for both temperature treatments (13.8% at 23 °C; 6.2% at fluctuating T). A low percentage (6.1%, n = 65) of mosquitoes maintained at a constant 23 °C showed dissemination of the virus to the wings and legs. Infection of mosquito saliva, with live virus, occurred in 2 mosquitoes. No dissemination was noted under the fluctuating temperature regime. Based on these results we conclude that CHIKV transmission by this species is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ciocchetta
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Darbro
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandro Savino
- Geographic Information Systems, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy
| | - John G. Aaskov
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregor J. Devine
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Prow NA, Liu L, Nakayama E, Cooper TH, Yan K, Eldi P, Hazlewood JE, Tang B, Le TT, Setoh YX, Khromykh AA, Hobson-Peters J, Diener KR, Howley PM, Hayball JD, Suhrbier A. A vaccinia-based single vector construct multi-pathogen vaccine protects against both Zika and chikungunya viruses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1230. [PMID: 29581442 PMCID: PMC5964325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika and chikungunya viruses have caused major epidemics and are transmitted by Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The “Sementis Copenhagen Vector” (SCV) system is a recently developed vaccinia-based, multiplication-defective, vaccine vector technology that allows manufacture in modified CHO cells. Herein we describe a single-vector construct SCV vaccine that encodes the structural polyprotein cassettes of both Zika and chikungunya viruses from different loci. A single vaccination of mice induces neutralizing antibodies to both viruses in wild-type and IFNAR−/− mice and protects against (i) chikungunya virus viremia and arthritis in wild-type mice, (ii) Zika virus viremia and fetal/placental infection in female IFNAR−/− mice, and (iii) Zika virus viremia and testes infection and pathology in male IFNAR−/− mice. To our knowledge this represents the first single-vector construct, multi-pathogen vaccine encoding large polyproteins, and offers both simplified manufacturing and formulation, and reduced “shot burden” for these often co-circulating arboviruses. Zika and chikungunya virus are co-circulating in many regions and currently there is no approved vaccine for either virus. Here, the authors engineer one vaccinia virus based vaccine for both, Zika and chikungunya, and show protection from infection and pathogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 and 4072, Australia
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Eri Nakayama
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tamara H Cooper
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Preethi Eldi
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Bing Tang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 and 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | | | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 and 4072, Australia.
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16
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Ganesan VK, Duan B, Reid SP. Chikungunya Virus: Pathophysiology, Mechanism, and Modeling. Viruses 2017; 9:v9120368. [PMID: 29194359 PMCID: PMC5744143 DOI: 10.3390/v9120368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus, is recurring in epidemic waves. In the past decade and a half, the disease has resurged in several countries around the globe, with outbreaks becoming increasingly severe. Though CHIKV was first isolated in 1952, there remain significant gaps in knowledge of CHIKV biology, pathogenesis, transmission, and mechanism. Diagnosis is largely simplified and based on symptoms, while treatment is supportive rather than curative. Here we present an overview of the disease, the challenges that lie ahead for future research, and what directions current studies are headed towards, with emphasis on improvement of current animal models and potential use of 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi K Ganesan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - St Patrick Reid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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17
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Prow NA, Tang B, Gardner J, Le TT, Taylor A, Poo YS, Nakayama E, Hirata TDC, Nakaya HI, Slonchak A, Mukhopadhyay P, Mahalingam S, Schroder WA, Klimstra W, Suhrbier A. Lower temperatures reduce type I interferon activity and promote alphaviral arthritis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006788. [PMID: 29281739 PMCID: PMC5770078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to a group of mosquito-borne alphaviruses associated with acute and chronic arthropathy, with peripheral and limb joints most commonly affected. Using a mouse model of CHIKV infection and arthritic disease, we show that CHIKV replication and the ensuing foot arthropathy were dramatically reduced when mice were housed at 30°C, rather than the conventional 22°C. The effect was not associated with a detectable fever, but was dependent on type I interferon responses. Bioinformatics analyses of RNA-Seq data after injection of poly(I:C)/jetPEI suggested the unfolded protein response and certain type I interferon responses are promoted when feet are slightly warmer. The ambient temperature thus appears able profoundly to effect anti-viral activity in the periphery, with clear consequences for alphaviral replication and the ensuing arthropathy. These observations may provide an explanation for why alphaviral arthropathies are largely restricted to joints of the limbs and the extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joy Gardner
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam Taylor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yee S. Poo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eri Nakayama
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thiago D. C. Hirata
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne A. Schroder
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William Klimstra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Center for Vaccine Research University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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De Novo Generation and Characterization of New Zika Virus Isolate Using Sequence Data from a Microcephaly Case. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00190-17. [PMID: 28529976 PMCID: PMC5437134 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00190-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major complications of an ongoing Zika virus outbreak in the Americas and Asia are congenital defects caused by the virus’s ability to cross the placenta and infect the fetal brain. The ability to generate molecular tools to analyze viral isolates from the current outbreak is essential for furthering our understanding of how these viruses cause congenital defects. The majority of existing viral isolates and infectious cDNA clones generated from them have undergone various numbers of passages in cell culture and/or suckling mice, which is likely to result in the accumulation of adaptive mutations that may affect viral properties. The approach described herein allows rapid generation of new, fully functional Zika virus isolates directly from deep sequencing data from virus-infected tissues without the need for prior virus passaging and for the generation and propagation of full-length cDNA clones. The approach should be applicable to other medically important flaviviruses and perhaps other positive-strand RNA viruses. Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently emerged and is the etiological agent of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), a spectrum of congenital abnormalities arising from neural tissue infections in utero. Herein, we describe the de novo generation of a new ZIKV isolate, ZIKVNatal, using a modified circular polymerase extension reaction protocol and sequence data obtained from a ZIKV-infected fetus with microcephaly. ZIKVNatal thus has no laboratory passage history and is unequivocally associated with CZS. ZIKVNatal could be used to establish a fetal brain infection model in IFNAR−/− mice (including intrauterine growth restriction) without causing symptomatic infections in dams. ZIKVNatal was also able to be transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. ZIKVNatal thus retains key aspects of circulating pathogenic ZIKVs and illustrates a novel methodology for obtaining an authentic functional viral isolate by using data from deep sequencing of infected tissues. IMPORTANCE The major complications of an ongoing Zika virus outbreak in the Americas and Asia are congenital defects caused by the virus’s ability to cross the placenta and infect the fetal brain. The ability to generate molecular tools to analyze viral isolates from the current outbreak is essential for furthering our understanding of how these viruses cause congenital defects. The majority of existing viral isolates and infectious cDNA clones generated from them have undergone various numbers of passages in cell culture and/or suckling mice, which is likely to result in the accumulation of adaptive mutations that may affect viral properties. The approach described herein allows rapid generation of new, fully functional Zika virus isolates directly from deep sequencing data from virus-infected tissues without the need for prior virus passaging and for the generation and propagation of full-length cDNA clones. The approach should be applicable to other medically important flaviviruses and perhaps other positive-strand RNA viruses.
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