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Jiao H, James SJ, Png CW, Cui C, Li H, Li L, Chia WN, Min N, Li W, Claser C, Rénia L, Wang H, Chen MIC, Chu JJH, Tan KSW, Deng Y, Zhang Y. DUSP4 modulates RIG-I- and STING-mediated IRF3-type I IFN response. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:280-291. [PMID: 38383887 PMCID: PMC10923883 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Detection of cytosolic nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors, including STING and RIG-I, leads to the activation of multiple signalling pathways that culminate in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) which are vital for host survival during virus infection. In addition to protective immune modulatory functions, type I IFNs are also associated with autoimmune diseases. Hence, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms that govern their expression. In this study, we identified a critical regulatory function of the DUSP4 phosphatase in innate immune signalling. We found that DUSP4 regulates the activation of TBK1 and ERK1/2 in a signalling complex containing DUSP4, TBK1, ERK1/2 and IRF3 to regulate the production of type I IFNs. Mice deficient in DUSP4 were more resistant to infections by both RNA and DNA viruses but more susceptible to malaria parasites. Therefore, our study establishes DUSP4 as a regulator of nucleic acid sensor signalling and sheds light on an important facet of the type I IFN regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Jiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Sharmy J James
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chaoyu Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nyo Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Weiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mark I-Cheng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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2
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Silveira ELVD, Rai U, Bonezi V, Zárate-Bladés CR, Claser C. CCR6 expression reduces mouse survival upon malarial challenge with Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210287. [PMID: 35730803 PMCID: PMC9208320 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that proteins expressed by liver-stage Plasmodium parasites can inhibit the translocation of transcription factors to the nucleus of different cells. This process would hinder the expression of immune genes, such as the CCL20 chemokine. OBJECTIVE Since CCR6 is the only cognate receptor for CCL20, we investigated the importance of this chemokine-receptor axis against rodent malaria. METHODS CCR6-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were challenged with Plasmodium berghei (Pb) NK65 sporozoites or infected red blood cells (iRBCs). Liver parasitic cDNA, parasitemia and serum cytokine concentrations were respectively evaluated through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), staining thin-blood smears with Giemsa solution, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FINDINGS Although the sporozoite challenges yielded similar liver parasitic cDNA and parasitemia, KO mice presented a prolonged survival than WT mice. After iRBC challenges, KO mice kept displaying higher survival rates as well as a decreased IL-12 p70 concentration in the serum than WT mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that malaria triggered by PbNK65 liver- or blood-stage forms elicit a pro-inflammatory environment that culminates with a decreased survival of infected C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lani Volpe da Silveira
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Michael Heidelberg Division of Immunology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Urvashi Rai
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Michael Heidelberg Division of Immunology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Vivian Bonezi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia de Células B, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Rodrigo Zárate-Bladés
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Imunorregulação, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Carla Claser
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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3
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Nguee SYT, Júnior JWBD, Epiphanio S, Rénia L, Claser C. Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899581. [PMID: 35677654 PMCID: PMC9168995 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is increasingly gaining recognition as a severe malaria complication because of poor prognostic outcomes, high lethality rate, and limited therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, invasive clinical studies are challenging to conduct and yields insufficient mechanistic insights. These limitations have led to the development of suitable MA-ARDS experimental mouse models. In patients and mice, MA-ARDS is characterized by edematous lung, along with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and damage of the alveolar-capillary barriers. Although, the pathogenic pathways have yet to be fully understood, the use of different experimental mouse models is fundamental in the identification of mediators of pulmonary vascular damage. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, leukocyte induced-endothelial dysfunction, and other important findings, to better understand the pathogenesis pathways leading to endothelial pulmonary barrier lesions and increased vascular permeability. We also discuss how the advances in imaging techniques can contribute to a better understanding of the lung lesions induced during MA-ARDS, and how it could aid to monitor MA-ARDS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Claser,
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Claser C, Nguee SYT, Balachander A, Wu Howland S, Becht E, Gunasegaran B, Hartimath SV, Lee AWQ, Theng Theng Ho J, Bing Ong C, Newell EW, Goggi J, Guan Ng L, Renia L. Lung endothelial cell antigen cross-presentation to CD8 +T cells drives malaria-associated lung injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4241. [PMID: 31534124 PMCID: PMC6751193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are life-threatening manifestations of severe malaria infections. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to respiratory complications, such as vascular leakage, remain unclear. Here, we confirm that depleting CD8+T cells with anti-CD8β antibodies in C57BL/6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) prevent pulmonary vascular leakage. When we transfer activated parasite-specific CD8+T cells into PbA-infected TCRβ-/- mice (devoid of all T-cell populations), pulmonary vascular leakage recapitulates. Additionally, we demonstrate that PbA-infected erythrocyte accumulation leads to lung endothelial cell cross-presentation of parasite antigen to CD8+T cells in an IFNγ-dependent manner. In conclusion, pulmonary vascular damage in ALI is a consequence of IFNγ-activated lung endothelial cells capturing, processing, and cross-presenting malaria parasite antigen to specific CD8+T cells induced during infection. The mechanistic understanding of the immunopathogenesis in malaria-associated ARDS and ALI provide the basis for development of adjunct treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2 Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Etienne Becht
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Bavani Gunasegaran
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Audrey W Q Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Theng Theng Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Histolopathology/Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Level 6 Proteos Building, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Julian Goggi
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2 Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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5
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Teo TH, Howland SW, Claser C, Gun SY, Poh CM, Lee WW, Lum FM, Ng LF, Rénia L. Co-infection with Chikungunya virus alters trafficking of pathogenic CD8 + T cells into the brain and prevents Plasmodium-induced neuropathology. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:121-138. [PMID: 29113976 PMCID: PMC5760855 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases have risen significantly over the last 40 years, increasing the risk of co-infection with other endemic disease such as malaria. However, nothing is known about the impact arboviruses have on the host response toward heterologous pathogens during co-infection. Here, we investigate the effects of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) co-infection on the susceptibility and severity of malaria infection. Using the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model, we show that concurrent co-infection induced the most prominent changes in ECM manifestation. Concurrent co-infection protected mice from ECM mortality without affecting parasite development in the blood. This protection was mediated by the alteration of parasite-specific CD8+ T-cell trafficking through an IFNγ-mediated mechanism. Co-infection with CHIKV induced higher splenic IFNγ levels that lead to high local levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10. This induced retention of CXCR3-expressing pathogenic CD8+ T cells in the spleen and prevented their migration to the brain. This then averts all downstream pathogenic events such as parasite sequestration in the brain and disruption of blood-brain barrier that prevents ECM-induced mortality in co-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck-Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chek Meng Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wendy Wl Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fok-Moon Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Fp Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore .,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Teo TH, Lum FM, Ghaffar K, Chan YH, Amrun SN, Tan JJL, Lee CYP, Chua TK, Carissimo G, Lee WWL, Claser C, Rajarethinam R, Rénia L, Ng LFP. Plasmodium co-infection protects against chikungunya virus-induced pathologies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3905. [PMID: 30254309 PMCID: PMC6156405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with Plasmodium and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been reported in humans, but the impact of co-infection on pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that prior exposure to Plasmodium suppresses CHIKV-associated pathologies in mice. Mechanistically, Plasmodium infection induces IFNγ, which reduces viraemia of a subsequent CHIKV infection and suppresses tissue viral load and joint inflammation. Conversely, concomitant infection with both pathogens limits the peak of joint inflammation with no effect on CHIKV viraemia. Reduced peak joint inflammation is regulated by elevated apoptosis of CD4+ T-cells in the lymph nodes and disrupted CXCR3-mediated CD4+ T-cell migration that abolishes their infiltration into the joints. Virus clearance from tissues is delayed in both infection scenarios, and is associated with a disruption of B cell affinity-maturation in the spleen that reduces CHIKV-neutralizing antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck-Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Fok-Moon Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Khairunnisa Ghaffar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Centre for Life Sciences #05-01, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jeslin J L Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Y P Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Centre for Life Sciences #05-01, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Tze-Kwang Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Wendy W L Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ravisankar Rajarethinam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building Level 4, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Centre for Life Sciences #05-01, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
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7
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Gun SY, Claser C, Teo TH, Howland SW, Poh CM, Chye RRY, Ng LFP, Rénia L. Interferon regulatory factor 1 is essential for pathogenic CD8+ T cell migration and retention in the brain during experimental cerebral malaria. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12819. [PMID: 29281764 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host immune response has a key role in controlling the progression of malaria infection. In the well-established murine model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) with Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection, proinflammatory Th1 and CD8+ T cell response are essential for disease development. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a transcription factor that promotes Th1 responses, and its absence was previously shown to protect from ECM death. Yet the exact mechanism of protection remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that IRF1-deficient mice (IRF1 knockout) were protected from ECM death despite displaying early neurological signs. Resistance to ECM death was a result of reduced parasite sequestration and pathogenic CD8+ T cells in the brain. Further analysis revealed that IRF1 deficiency suppress interferon-γ production and delayed CD8+ T cell proliferation. CXCR3 expression was found to be decreased in pathogenic CD8+ T cells, which limited their migration to the brain. In addition, reduced expression of adhesion molecules by brain endothelial cells hampered leucocyte retention in the brain. Taken together, these factors limited sequestration of pathogenic CD8+ T cells and consequently its ability to induce extensive damage to the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Teck Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chek Meng Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Ren Ying Chye
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Feng G, Li JLY, Claser C, Balachander A, Tan Y, Goh CC, Kwok IWH, Rénia L, Tang BZ, Ng LG, Liu B. Dual modal ultra-bright nanodots with aggregation-induced emission and gadolinium-chelation for vascular integrity and leakage detection. Biomaterials 2017; 152:77-85. [PMID: 29111495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of blood brain barrier (BBB) functions is important for neurological disorder research. However, the lack of suitable tools and methods has hampered the progress of this field. Herein, we present a hybrid nanodot strategy, termed AIE-Gd dots, comprising of a fluorogen with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics as the core to provide bright and stable fluorescence for optical imaging, and gadolinium (Gd) for accurate quantification of vascular leakage via inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this report, we demonstrate that AIE-Gd dots enable direct visualization of brain vascular networks under resting condition, and that they form localized punctate aggregates and accumulate in the brain tissue during experimental cerebral malaria, indicative of hemorrhage and BBB malfunction. With its superior detection sensitivity and multimodality, we hereby propose that AIE-Gd dots can serve as a better alternative to Evans blue for visualization and quantification of changes in brain barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxue Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 117585, Singapore
| | - Jackson Liang Yao Li
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Chi Ching Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Immanuel Weng Han Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 117585, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, 138632, Singapore.
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9
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Claser C, Chang ZW, Russell B, Rénia L. Adaptive immunity is essential in preventing recrudescence ofPlasmodium yoeliimalaria parasites after artesunate treatment. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR; Singapore
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR; Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, National University Health System; Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Otago University; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR; Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, National University Health System; Singapore
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10
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Gupta P, Lai SM, Sheng J, Tetlak P, Balachander A, Claser C, Renia L, Karjalainen K, Ruedl C. Tissue-Resident CD169(+) Macrophages Form a Crucial Front Line against Plasmodium Infection. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1749-1761. [PMID: 27477286 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages exhibit diverse functions, ranging from the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, including clearance of senescent erythrocytes and cell debris, to modulation of inflammation and immunity. Their contribution to the control of blood-stage malaria remains unclear. Here, we show that in the absence of tissue-resident CD169(+) macrophages, Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection results in significantly increased parasite sequestration, leading to vascular occlusion and leakage and augmented tissue deposition of the malarial pigment hemozoin. This leads to widespread tissue damage culminating in multiple organ inflammation. Thus, the capacity of CD169(+) macrophages to contain the parasite burden and its sequestration into different tissues and to limit infection-induced inflammation is crucial to mitigating Plasmodium infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Gupta
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Si Min Lai
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jianpeng Sheng
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Piotr Tetlak
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Klaus Karjalainen
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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11
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Howland SW, Claser C, Poh CM, Gun SY, Rénia L. Pathogenic CD8+ T cells in experimental cerebral malaria. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:221-31. [PMID: 25772948 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is one the major complications occurring during malaria infection. The mechanisms leading to this syndrome are still not completely understood. Although it is clear that parasite sequestration is the key initiation factor, the downstream pathological processes are still highly debated. The experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model, in which susceptible mice are infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, has led to the identification of CD8(+) T cells as the major mediator of ECM death. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and future developments in the understanding of the role of CD8(+) T cells in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Edwards CL, Best SE, Gun SY, Claser C, James KR, de Oca MM, Sebina I, Rivera FDL, Amante FH, Hertzog PJ, Engwerda CR, Renia L, Haque A. Spatiotemporal requirements for IRF7 in mediating type I IFN-dependent susceptibility to blood-stage Plasmodium infection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:130-41. [PMID: 25319247 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFN signaling suppresses splenic T helper 1 (Th1) responses during blood-stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice, and is crucial for mediating tissue accumulation of parasites and fatal cerebral symptoms via mechanisms that remain to be fully characterized. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is considered to be a master regulator of type I IFN responses. Here, we assessed IRF7 for its roles during lethal PbA infection and nonlethal Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS (PcAS) infection as two distinct models of blood-stage malaria. We found that IRF7 was not essential for tissue accumulation of parasites, cerebral symptoms, or brain pathology. Using timed administration of anti-IFNAR1 mAb, we show that late IFNAR1 signaling promotes fatal disease via IRF7-independent mechanisms. Despite this, IRF7 significantly impaired early splenic Th1 responses and limited control of parasitemia during PbA infection. Finally, IRF7 also suppressed antiparasitic immunity and Th1 responses during nonlethal PcAS infection. Together, our data support a model in which IRF7 suppresses antiparasitic immunity in the spleen, while IFNAR1-mediated, but IRF7-independent, signaling contributes to pathology in the brain during experimental blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Edwards
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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13
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Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. Most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. However, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of complex origins which could be induced by uncontrolled immune responses. Major players of the innate and adaptive responses are interferons. Here, we review their roles and the signaling pathways involved in their production and protection against infection and induced immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
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14
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Bakocevic N, Claser C, Yoshikawa S, Jones LA, Chew S, Goh CC, Malleret B, Larbi A, Ginhoux F, de Lafaille MC, Karasuyama H, Renia L, Ng LG. CD41 is a reliable identification and activation marker for murine basophils in the steady state and during helminth and malarial infections. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1823-34. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Bakocevic
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Immune Regulation; Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Leigh Ann Jones
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Samantha Chew
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Chi Ching Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Maria Curotto de Lafaille
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation; Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR); Biopolis Singapore
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15
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Claser C, Malleret B, Peng K, Bakocevic N, Gun SY, Russell B, Ng LG, Rénia L. Rodent Plasmodium-infected red blood cells: Imaging their fates and interactions within their hosts. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Guermonprez P, Helft J, Claser C, Deroubaix S, Karanje H, Gazumyan A, Darasse-Jèze G, Telerman SB, Breton G, Schreiber HA, Frias-Staheli N, Billerbeck E, Dorner M, Rice CM, Ploss A, Klein F, Swiecki M, Colonna M, Kamphorst AO, Meredith M, Niec R, Takacs C, Mikhail F, Hari A, Bosque D, Eisenreich T, Merad M, Shi Y, Ginhoux F, Rénia L, Urban BC, Nussenzweig MC. Inflammatory Flt3l is essential to mobilize dendritic cells and for T cell responses during Plasmodium infection. Nat Med 2013; 19:730-8. [PMID: 23685841 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Innate sensing mechanisms trigger a variety of humoral and cellular events that are essential to adaptive immune responses. Here we describe an innate sensing pathway triggered by Plasmodium infection that regulates dendritic cell homeostasis and adaptive immunity through Flt3 ligand (Flt3l) release. Plasmodium-induced Flt3l release in mice requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and type I interferon (IFN) production. We found that type I IFN supports the upregulation of xanthine dehydrogenase, which metabolizes the xanthine accumulating in infected erythrocytes to uric acid. Uric acid crystals trigger mast cells to release soluble Flt3l from a pre-synthesized membrane-associated precursor. During infection, Flt3l preferentially stimulates expansion of the CD8-α(+) dendritic cell subset or its BDCA3(+) human dendritic cell equivalent and has a substantial impact on the magnitude of T cell activation, mostly in the CD8(+) compartment. Our findings highlight a new mechanism that regulates dendritic cell homeostasis and T cell responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Guermonprez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
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17
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Howland SW, Poh CM, Gun SY, Claser C, Malleret B, Shastri N, Ginhoux F, Grotenbreg GM, Rénia L. Brain microvessel cross-presentation is a hallmark of experimental cerebral malaria. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:984-99. [PMID: 23681698 PMCID: PMC3721469 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a devastating complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving both parasite- and immune-mediated events. CD8+ T cells play an effector role in murine experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection. We have identified a highly immunogenic CD8 epitope in glideosome-associated protein 50 that is conserved across rodent malaria species. Epitope-specific CD8+ T cells are induced during PbA infection, migrating to the brain just before neurological signs manifest. They are functional, cytotoxic and can damage the blood–brain barrier in vivo. Such CD8+ T cells are also found in the brain during infection with parasite strains/species that do not induce neuropathology. We demonstrate here that PbA infection causes brain microvessels to cross-present parasite antigen, while non-ECM-causing parasites do not. Further, treatment with fast-acting anti-malarial drugs before the onset of ECM reduces parasite load and thus antigen presentation in the brain, preventing ECM death. Thus our data suggest that combined therapies targeting both the parasite and host antigen-presenting cells may improve the outcome of CM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Teo TH, Lum FM, Claser C, Lulla V, Lulla A, Merits A, Rénia L, Ng LFP. A Pathogenic Role for CD4+T Cells during Chikungunya Virus Infection in Mice. J I 2012; 190:259-69. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Piva L, Tetlak P, Claser C, Karjalainen K, Renia L, Ruedl C. Cutting edge: Clec9A+ dendritic cells mediate the development of experimental cerebral malaria. J Immunol 2012; 189:1128-32. [PMID: 22732587 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium infections trigger strong innate and acquired immune responses, which can lead to severe complications, including the most feared and often fatal cerebral malaria (CM). To begin to dissect the roles of different dendritic cell (DC) subsets in Plasmodium-induced pathology, we have generated a transgenic strain, Clec9A-diphtheria toxin receptor that allows us to ablate in vivo Clec9A(+) DCs. Specifically, we have analyzed the in vivo contribution of this DC subset in an experimental CM model using Plasmodium berghei, and we provide strong evidence that the absence of this DC subset resulted in complete resistance to experimental CM. This was accompanied with dramatic reduction of brain CD8(+) T cells, and those few cerebral CD8(+) T cells present had a less activated phenotype, unlike their wildtype counterparts that expressed IFN-γ and especially granzyme B. This almost complete absence of local cellular responses was also associated with reduced parasite load in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Piva
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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20
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Rénia L, Howland SW, Claser C, Charlotte Gruner A, Suwanarusk R, Hui Teo T, Russell B, Ng LFP. Cerebral malaria: mysteries at the blood-brain barrier. Virulence 2012; 3:193-201. [PMID: 22460644 PMCID: PMC3396698 DOI: 10.4161/viru.19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is the most severe pathology caused by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to cerebral malaria are still poorly defined as studies have been hampered by limited accessibility to human tissues. Nevertheless, histopathology of post-mortem human tissues and mouse models of cerebral malaria have indicated involvement of the blood-brain barrier in cerebral malaria. In contrast to viruses and bacteria, malaria parasites do not infiltrate and infect the brain parenchyma. Instead, rupture of the blood-brain barrier occurs and may lead to hemorrhages resulting in neurological alterations. Here, we review the most recent findings from human studies and mouse models on the interactions of malaria parasites and the blood-brain barrier, shedding light on the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, which may provide directions for possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.
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21
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Hafalla JCR, Claser C, Couper KN, Grau GE, Renia L, de Souza JB, Riley EM. The CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathways independently regulate host resistance to Plasmodium-induced acute immune pathology. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002504. [PMID: 22319445 PMCID: PMC3271068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses in determining optimal T cell activation is vital for the successful resolution of microbial infections. This balance is maintained in part by the negative regulators of T cell activation, CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L, which dampen effector responses during chronic infections. However, their role in acute infections, such as malaria, remains less clear. In this study, we determined the contribution of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L to the regulation of T cell responses during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)-induced experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in susceptible (C57BL/6) and resistant (BALB/c) mice. We found that the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T cells correlates with the extent of pro-inflammatory responses induced during PbA infection, being higher in C57BL/6 than in BALB/c mice. Thus, ECM develops despite high levels of expression of these inhibitory receptors. However, antibody-mediated blockade of either the CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1, but not the PD-1/PD-L2, pathways during PbA-infection in ECM-resistant BALB/c mice resulted in higher levels of T cell activation, enhanced IFN-γ production, increased intravascular arrest of both parasitised erythrocytes and CD8+ T cells to the brain, and augmented incidence of ECM. Thus, in ECM-resistant BALB/c mice, CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 represent essential, independent and non-redundant pathways for maintaining T cell homeostasis during a virulent malaria infection. Moreover, neutralisation of IFN-γ or depletion of CD8+ T cells during PbA infection was shown to reverse the pathologic effects of regulatory pathway blockade, highlighting that the aetiology of ECM in the BALB/c mice is similar to that in C57BL/6 mice. In summary, our results underscore the differential and complex regulation that governs immune responses to malaria parasites. T cells are part of the body's defense system in response to infection. However, once the infection has been suitably controlled, these T cells must be switched off. Inhibitory pathways, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, are known to send the ‘turn off’ signal to T cells during chronic infections. However, their roles in acute infections, such as malaria, are unclear. We compared the function of these inhibitory pathways in mice that are either susceptible or resistant to severe malarial disease (cerebral malaria). Strikingly, we found that receptors for CTLA-4 and PD-1 are more highly expressed in T cells from susceptible mice than from resistant mice. Therefore, cerebral malaria develops despite the high expression of these inhibitory receptors. Moreover, we demonstrated that blocking these inhibitory receptors in the resistant mice increased the function of T cells, which in turn led to the characteristic signs of cerebral malaria. Finally, reminiscent of what is known for the susceptible strain, we confirmed that certain T cells (CD8+) and molecules (IFN-γ) are crucial to the development of cerebral malaria in the otherwise resistant mice. Thus, the CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitory pathways have essential, independent and non-redundant roles in regulating the body's complex response to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Claser C, Malleret B, Gun SY, Wong AYW, Chang ZW, Teo P, See PCE, Howland SW, Ginhoux F, Rénia L. CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ mediate the time-dependent accumulation of infected red blood cells in deep organs during experimental cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18720. [PMID: 21494565 PMCID: PMC3073989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) in susceptible mice induces a syndrome called experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) with severe pathologies occurring in various mouse organs. Immune mediators such as T cells or cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ECM. Red blood cells infected with PbA parasites have been shown to accumulate in the brain and other tissues during infection. This accumulation is thought to be involved in PbA-induced pathologies, which mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using transgenic PbA parasites expressing the luciferase protein, we have assessed by real-time in vivo imaging the dynamic and temporal contribution of different immune factors in infected red blood cell (IRBC) accumulation and distribution in different organs during PbA infection. Using deficient mice or depleting antibodies, we observed that CD8(+) T cells and IFN-γ drive the rapid increase in total parasite biomass and accumulation of IRBC in the brain and in different organs 6-12 days post-infection, at a time when mice develop ECM. Other cells types like CD4(+) T cells, monocytes or neutrophils or cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α did not influence the early increase of total parasite biomass and IRBC accumulation in different organs. CONCLUSIONS CD8(+) T cells and IFN-γ are the major immune mediators controlling the time-dependent accumulation of P. berghei-infected red blood cells in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benoît Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alicia Yoke Wei Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pearline Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Chi Ee See
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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23
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Nico D, Claser C, Borja-Cabrera GP, Travassos LR, Palatnik M, da Silva Soares I, Rodrigues MM, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB. Adaptive immunity against Leishmania nucleoside hydrolase maps its c-terminal domain as the target of the CD4+ T cell-driven protective response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e866. [PMID: 21085470 PMCID: PMC2976684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside hydrolases (NHs) show homology among parasite protozoa, fungi and bacteria. They are vital protagonists in the establishment of early infection and, therefore, are excellent candidates for the pathogen recognition by adaptive immune responses. Immune protection against NHs would prevent disease at the early infection of several pathogens. We have identified the domain of the NH of L. donovani (NH36) responsible for its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against murine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Using recombinant generated peptides covering the whole NH36 sequence and saponin we demonstrate that protection against L. chagasi is related to its C-terminal domain (amino-acids 199-314) and is mediated mainly by a CD4+ T cell driven response with a lower contribution of CD8+ T cells. Immunization with this peptide exceeds in 36.73±12.33% the protective response induced by the cognate NH36 protein. Increases in IgM, IgG2a, IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies, CD4+ T cell proportions, IFN-γ secretion, ratios of IFN-γ/IL-10 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and percents of antibody binding inhibition by synthetic predicted epitopes were detected in F3 vaccinated mice. The increases in DTH and in ratios of TNFα/IL-10 CD4+ producing cells were however the strong correlates of protection which was confirmed by in vivo depletion with monoclonal antibodies, algorithm predicted CD4 and CD8 epitopes and a pronounced decrease in parasite load (90.5-88.23%; p = 0.011) that was long-lasting. No decrease in parasite load was detected after vaccination with the N-domain of NH36, in spite of the induction of IFN-γ/IL-10 expression by CD4+ T cells after challenge. Both peptides reduced the size of footpad lesions, but only the C-domain reduced the parasite load of mice challenged with L. amazonensis. The identification of the target of the immune response to NH36 represents a basis for the rationale development of a bivalent vaccine against leishmaniasis and for multivalent vaccines against NHs-dependent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirlei Nico
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Claser
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gulnara P. Borja-Cabrera
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. Travassos
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Palatnik
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Irene da Silva Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Martins Rodrigues
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarisa B. Palatnik-de-Sousa
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Haolla FA, Claser C, de Alencar BC, Tzelepis F, de Vasconcelos JR, de Oliveira G, Silvério JC, Machado AV, Lannes-Vieira J, Bruna-Romero O, Gazzinelli RT, dos Santos RR, Soares MB, Rodrigues MM. Strain-specific protective immunity following vaccination against experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Vaccine 2009; 27:5644-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rodrigues MM, Alencar BCGD, Claser C, Tzelepis F. Immunodominance: a new hypothesis to explain parasite escape and host/parasite equilibrium leading to the chronic phase of Chagas' disease? Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:220-3. [PMID: 19287899 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intense immune responses are observed during human or experimental infection with the digenetic protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The reasons why such immune responses are unable to completely eliminate the parasites are unknown. The survival of the parasite leads to a parasite-host equilibrium found during the chronic phase of chagasic infection in most individuals. Parasite persistence is recognized as the most likely cause of the chagasic chronic pathologies. Therefore, a key question in Chagas' disease is to understand how this equilibrium is established and maintained for a long period. Understanding the basis for this equilibrium may lead to new approaches to interventions that could help millions of individuals at risk for infection or who are already infected with T. cruzi. Here, we propose that the phenomenon of immunodominance may be significant in terms of regulating the host-parasite equilibrium observed in Chagas' disease. T. cruzi infection restricts the repertoire of specific T cells generating, in some cases, an intense immunodominant phenotype and in others causing a dramatic interference in the response to distinct epitopes. This immune response is sufficiently strong to maintain the host alive during the acute phase carrying them to the chronic phase where transmission usually occurs. At the same time, immunodominance interferes with the development of a higher and broader immune response that could be able to completely eliminate the parasite. Based on this, we discuss how we can interfere with or take advantage of immunodominance in order to provide an immunotherapeutic alternative for chagasic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rodrigues
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Rodrigues MM, Alencar BCD, Claser C, Tzelepis F, Silveira EL, Haolla FA, Dominguez MR, Vasconcelos JR. Swimming against the current: genetic vaccination against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104 Suppl 1:281-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Ronnie Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica; Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Claser C, Curcio M, de Mello SM, Silveira EV, Monteiro HP, Rodrigues MM. Silencing cytokeratin 18 gene inhibits intracellular replication of Trypanosoma cruzi in HeLa cells but not binding and invasion of trypanosomes. BMC Cell Biol 2008; 9:68. [PMID: 19087356 PMCID: PMC2636781 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-9-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an obligatory intracellular parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, must invade and multiply within mammalian cells. Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) is among the host molecules that have been suggested as a mediator of important events during T. cruzi-host cell interaction. Based on that possibility, we addressed whether RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated down regulation of the CK18 gene could interfere with the parasite life cycle in vitro. HeLa cells transiently transfected with CK18-RNAi had negligible levels of CK18 transcripts, and significantly reduced levels of CK18 protein expression as determined by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence. Results CK18 negative or positive HeLa cells were invaded equally as well by trypomastigotes of different T. cruzi strains. Also, in CK18 negative or positive cells, parasites recruited host cells lysosomes and escaped from the parasitophorous vacuole equally as well. After that, the growth of amastigotes of the Y or CL-Brener strains, was drastically arrested in CK18 RNAi-treated cells. After 48 hours, the number of amastigotes was several times lower in CK18 RNAi-treated cells when compared to control cells. Simultaneous staining of parasites and CK18 showed that in HeLa cells infected with the Y strain both co-localize. Although the amastigote surface protein-2 contains the domain VTVXNVFLYNR previously described to bind to CK18, in several attempts, we failed to detect binding of a recombinant protein to CK-18. Conclusion The study demonstrates that silencing CK18 by transient RNAi, inhibits intracellular multiplication of the Y and CL strain of T. cruzi in HeLa cells, but not trypanosome binding and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Claser
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica (CINTERGEN), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Mirassol, 207, São Paulo-SP 04044-010, Brazil.
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Tzelepis F, de Alencar BCG, Penido MLO, Claser C, Machado AV, Bruna-Romero O, Gazzinelli RT, Rodrigues MM. Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi restricts the repertoire of parasite-specific CD8+ T cells leading to immunodominance. J Immunol 2008; 180:1737-48. [PMID: 18209071 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interference or competition between CD8(+) T cells restricted by distinct MHC-I molecules can be a powerful means to establish an immunodominant response. However, its importance during infections is still questionable. In this study, we describe that following infection of mice with the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, an immunodominant CD8(+) T cell immune response is developed directed to an H-2K(b)-restricted epitope expressed by members of the trans-sialidase family of surface proteins. To determine whether this immunodominance was exerted over other non-H-2K(b)-restricted epitopes, we measured during infection of heterozygote mice, immune responses to three distinct epitopes, all expressed by members of the trans-sialidase family, recognized by H-2K(b)-, H-2K(k)-, or H-2K(d)-restricted CD8(+) T cells. Infected heterozygote or homozygote mice displayed comparably strong immune responses to the H-2K(b)-restricted immunodominant epitope. In contrast, H-2K(k)- or H-2K(d)-restricted immune responses were significantly impaired in heterozygote infected mice when compared with homozygote ones. This interference was not dependent on the dose of parasite or the timing of infection. Also, it was not seen in heterozygote mice immunized with recombinant adenoviruses expressing T. cruzi Ags. Finally, we observed that the immunodominance was circumvented by concomitant infection with two T. cruzi strains containing distinct immunodominant epitopes, suggesting that the operating mechanism most likely involves competition of T cells for limiting APCs. This type of interference never described during infection with a human parasite may represent a sophisticated strategy to restrict priming of CD8(+) T cells of distinct specificities, avoiding complete pathogen elimination by host effector cells, and thus favoring host parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Tzelepis
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica and Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Mirasol 207, São Paulo, Brazil
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Claser C, Espíndola NM, Sasso G, Vaz AJ, Boscardin SB, Rodrigues MM. Immunologically relevant strain polymorphism in the Amastigote Surface Protein 2 of Trypanosoma cruzi. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:1011-9. [PMID: 17548222 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several evidences suggest that the Amastigote Surface Protein-2 (ASP-2) of Trypanosoma cruzi is an important target for immunity during infection. Based on this, we considered it important to evaluate its strain polymorphism. Initially, we observed the presence of conserved cross-reactive epitopes in amastigotes of all parasite strains tested. In addition, the predicted amino acid sequences of the genes isolated from the cDNA of amastigotes of CL-Brener, Tulahuen, Colombian and G strains displayed a high degree of identity (>80%) to the previously described genes of ASP-2. Unexpectedly, Sylvio X10/4 and G strains expressed a new isoform of ASP-2 with limited identity to the previously described genes, but with a high degree of identity when compared to each other. Immunological studies confirmed the presence of cross-reactive epitopes between recombinant proteins representing the different isoforms of ASP-2. However, the genetic vaccination of mice with the new isoform of asp-2 gene expressed by the G strain failed to provide the same degree of protective immunity to a challenge by parasites of the Y strain as did asp-2 genes of Y or CL-Brener strains. In summary, we found that few strains can express different isoforms of ASP-2 which may not share cross-protective epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Claser
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica (CINTERGEN), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Mirassol, 207, São Paulo-SP 04044-010, Brazil
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Machado AV, Cardoso JE, Claser C, Rodrigues MM, Gazzinelli RT, Bruna-Romero O. Long-Term Protective Immunity Induced AgainstTrypanosoma cruziInfection After Vaccination with Recombinant Adenoviruses Encoding Amastigote Surface Protein-2 andTrans-Sialidase. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:898-908. [PMID: 16972758 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection against protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi has been shown to be dependent on the induction of type 1 immune responses. Replication-deficient human type 5 recombinant adenoviruses have an unsurpassed ability to induce type 1 immune responses. Thus, we constructed two type 5 recombinant adenoviruses encoding parasite antigens trans-sialidase (rAdTS) and amastigote surface protein-2 (rAdASP2). Both antigens were genetically engineered to secrete recombinant products in order to induce both optimal antibody and T cell responses. Immunizations of mice with rAdASP2 and rAdTS induced high levels of serum antibodies specific for their recombinant products. In addition, both recombinant viruses were able to elicit a biased helper T cell type 1 (Th1) cellular immune response and a substantial CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response. Moreover, individual immunization with rAdASP2 or rAdTS induced high levels of protection against a challenge with live parasites. CD8+ T cells mediated, at least in part, such protection. Furthermore, when combined in the same inoculum, rAdTS plus rAdASP2 induced complete protection in all animals tested, even when challenges were performed 14 weeks after the last immunization. Taking together, these results show that recombinant adenoviruses expressing TS and ASP-2 antigens of T. cruzi are interesting candidates for the development of a vaccine against Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, Brazil
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Machado AV, Cardoso JE, Claser C, Rodrigues MM, Gazzinelli RT, Bruna-Romero O. Long-Term Protective Immunity Induced Against Trypanosoma cruziInfection After Vaccination with Recombinant Adenoviruses Encoding Amastigote Surface Protein-2 and Trans-Sialidase. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vasconcelos JR, Hiyane MI, Marinho CRF, Claser C, Machado AMV, Gazzinelli RT, Bruña-Romero O, Alvarez JM, Boscardin SB, Rodrigues MM. Protective immunity against trypanosoma cruzi infection in a highly susceptible mouse strain after vaccination with genes encoding the amastigote surface protein-2 and trans-sialidase. Hum Gene Ther 2004; 15:878-86. [PMID: 15353042 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2004.15.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity against lethal infection is developed when BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice are immunized with plasmids containing genes from the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, genetic vaccination of the highly susceptible mouse strain A/Sn promoted limited survival after challenge. This observation questioned whether this type of vaccination would be appropriate for highly susceptible individuals. Here, we compared the protective efficacy and the immune response after individual or combined genetic vaccination of A/Sn mice with genes encoding trans-sialidase (TS) or the amastigote surface protein-2 (ASP-2). After challenge, a significant proportion of A/Sn mice immunized with either the asp-2 gene or simultaneously with asp-2 and ts genes, survived infection. In contrast, the vast majority of mice immunized with the ts gene or the vector alone died. Parasitological and histological studies performed in the surviving mice revealed that these mice harbored parasites; however, minimal inflammatory responses were seen in heart and striated muscle. We used this model to search for an in vitro correlation for protection. We found that protective immunity correlated with a higher secretion of interferon- by spleen cells on in vitro restimulation with ASP-2 and the presence of ASP-2-specific CD8 cells. Depletion of either CD4 or CD8 or both T-cell subpopulations prior to the challenge rendered the mice susceptible to infection demonstrating the critical contribution of both cell types in protective immunity. Our results reinforce the prophylactic potential of genetic vaccination with asp-2 and ts genes by describing protective immunity against lethal T. cruzi infection and chronic tissue pathology in a highly susceptible mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ronnie Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica (CINTERGEN), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 04044-010
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Vasconcelos JR, Hiyane MI, Marinho CR, Claser C, Machado AM, Gazzinelli RT, Bruña-Romero O, Alvarez JM, Boscardin SB, Rodrigues MM. Protective Immunity Against<I> Trypanosoma cruzi</I> Infection in a Highly Susceptible Mouse Strain After Vaccination with Genes Encoding the Amastigote Surface Protein-2 and<I> Trans</I>-Sialidase. Hum Gene Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1089/1043034041839244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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