1
|
de Carvalho TP, da Silva LA, Castanheira TLL, de Souza TD, da Paixão TA, Lazaro-Anton L, Tsolis RM, Santos RL. Cell and Tissue Tropism of Brucella spp. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0006223. [PMID: 37129522 PMCID: PMC10187126 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00062-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultatively intracellular bacteria that can infect, survive, and multiply in various host cell types in vivo and/or in vitro. The genus Brucella has markedly expanded in recent years with the identification of novel species and hosts, which has revealed additional information about the cell and tissue tropism of these pathogens. Classically, Brucella spp. are considered to have tropism for organs that contain large populations of phagocytes such as lymph nodes, spleen, and liver, as well as for organs of the genital system, including the uterus, epididymis, testis, and placenta. However, experimental infections of several different cultured cell types indicate that Brucella may actually have a broader cell tropism than previously thought. Indeed, recent studies indicate that certain Brucella species in particular hosts may display a pantropic distribution in vivo. This review discusses the available knowledge on cell and tissue tropism of Brucella spp. in natural infections of various host species, as well as in experimental animal models and cultured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaynara Parente de Carvalho
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California – Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Laice Alves da Silva
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Larissa Lourenço Castanheira
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, Brazil
| | - Tayse Domingues de Souza
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tatiane Alves da Paixão
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leticia Lazaro-Anton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California – Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Renee M. Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California – Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California – Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bin Park W, Kim S, Kyung SM, Lee ES, Lee YJ, Yoo HS. Gene expression of Toll-like receptors, cytokines and a nuclear factor and cytokine secretion in DH82 canine macrophage cells infected with Brucella canis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 260:110607. [PMID: 37148644 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis infection occurs mainly in dogs, and is a zoonotic disease that also has the possibility of infection in humans. Many studies have been conducted to understand the immunopathological mechanism of B. canis infection. However, the precise immune mechanism remains to be elucidated because compared to other Brucella spp., B. canis has different immune evasion mechanisms. In this study, gene expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and TLR-associated molecules and cytokine production were analyzed to figure out the roles of immune-related host factors in B. canis infection. Time-dependent gene expression of TLRs (1-10) and TLR-related molecules (TNF-α, IL-5, IL-23, CCL4, CD40 and NFκ-B) and release of Th1, Th2 and Th17-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A) were investigated in DH82 canine macrophages infected with B. canis. Time-dependent induction of TLRs 3, 7 and 8 was observed, and TLR 7 had the highest expression level (p <0.05). The expression levels of all TLR-related genes were significantly increased after infection. In particular, the expression of the CCL4 and IL-23 genes was highly induced. The amounts of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased by B. canis infection, but the amounts of IL-4 and IL-17A were not. The production of IL-1β and IL-6 was the highest at 24 hr after B. canis infection (p <0.05). This study demonstrates that TLRs 3, 7 and 8 are prominent sites of to immune response induction with the production of related cytokines and a nuclear factor in DH82 cells infected with B. canis. These results suggest a sequential immune mechanism of B. canis infection, involving TLRs, cytokines and their associated factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Bin Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; BK21 FOUR and Research Institution for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Kyung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; BK21 FOUR and Research Institution for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; BK21 FOUR and Research Institution for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; BK21 FOUR and Research Institution for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pellegrini JM, Gorvel JP, Mémet S. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1260. [PMID: 35888979 PMCID: PMC9324529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is considered one of the major zoonoses worldwide, constituting a critical livestock and human health concern with a huge socio-economic burden. Brucella genus, its etiologic agent, is composed of intracellular bacteria that have evolved a prodigious ability to elude and shape host immunity to establish chronic infection. Brucella's intracellular lifestyle and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as its specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are key factors for hiding and hampering recognition by the immune system. Here, we will review the current knowledge of evading and immunosuppressive mechanisms elicited by Brucella species to persist stealthily in their hosts, such as those triggered by their LPS and cyclic β-1,2-d-glucan or involved in neutrophil and monocyte avoidance, antigen presentation impairment, the modulation of T cell responses and immunometabolism. Attractive strategies exploited by other successful chronic pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Chlamydia, will be also discussed, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms operating in brucellosis, such as granuloma formation, pyroptosis, and manipulation of type I and III IFNs, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, and host lipids. A better understanding of these stratagems is essential to fighting bacterial chronic infections and designing innovative treatments and vaccines.
Collapse
|
4
|
Novak A, Pupo E, Van't Veld E, Rutten VPMG, Broere F, Sloots A. Activation of Canine, Mouse and Human TLR2 and TLR4 by Inactivated Leptospira Vaccine Strains. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823058. [PMID: 35386703 PMCID: PMC8978998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Leptospira vaccines contain inactivated strains of pathogenic Leptospira, the causative agents of leptospirosis. For an effective response to vaccination, activation of the innate immune system via pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs is crucial. However, it is not known which TLRs are activated by Leptospira in dogs. To investigate the involvement of canine TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 in the recognition of Leptospira, we stimulated canine moDC and reporter cells expressing canine TLR2 with either whole-inactivated bacteria or purified LPS of Leptospira strains, representing the serogroups generally used in canine leptospirosis vaccines. Using the endotoxin neutralizing reagent polymyxin B and TLR4 antagonist RS-LPS, we demonstrate that Leptospira LPS and canine TLR4 are involved in IL-1β production as well as in the uptake of inactivated Leptospira in canine moDC. Furthermore, polymyxin B only partially inhibited IL-1β production induced by inactivated Leptospira, suggesting that next to TLR4, also other TLRs may be involved. The observed activation of canine TLR2-expressing reporter cells by inactivated Leptospira strains indicates that TLR2 could be one of these TLRs. Next, we analyzed TLR2 and TLR4 activating capabilities by the same Leptospira strains using human and mouse TLR-expressing reporter cells. Inactivated Leptospira and leptospiral LPS activated not only mouse, but also human TLR4 and this activation was shown to be LPS dependent in both cases. Additionally, inactivated Leptospira activated mouse and human TLR2-expressing reporter cell lines. In our study, we could not identify significant species differences in the recognition of Leptospira by TLR2 and TLR4 between dog, human and mouse. Lastly, we show that these inactivated Leptospira strains are recognized by both mouse and human TLR5 reporter cells only after exposure to additional heat-treatment. Unfortunately, we were not able to confirm this in the canine system. Our data show that TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in the recognition of Leptospira strains used in the production of canine Leptospira vaccines. This study contributes to the understanding of Leptospira-induced innate immune responses in dogs, humans, and mice. Future studies are needed to further explore the role of canine TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 in the induction of vaccine-mediated immunity against Leptospira.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Novak
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Product Characterization and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Elder Pupo
- Department of Product Characterization and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Esther Van't Veld
- Center for Cell Imaging (CCI), Division Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Femke Broere
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Internal Medicine of Companion Animals, Department Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Sloots
- Department of Product Characterization and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He L, Abuzeid AMI, Zhuang T, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Chen X, Liu J, Li X, Li G. Expression and biological functions of Ancylostoma ceylanicum saposin-like protein. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3805-3813. [PMID: 34546437 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a common zoonotic nematode that inhabits the small intestine of humans, dogs, and cats. Saposin-like proteins (SLPs) have hemolytic and antibacterial activities and could be used as diagnostic or vaccine candidates. To explore the biological functions of Ancylostoma ceylanicum SLP (Ace-SLP-1), cDNA-encoding Ace-SLP-1 mature peptide was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to induce expression. After incubation of canine red blood cell suspension with different concentrations of recombinant Ace-SLP-1, the supernatant was separated to measure OD value and calculate the hemolysis rate. The different concentrations of recombinant protein were co-cultured with E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis, and colony-forming units (CFU) were determined by the plate counting method. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy dogs were incubated with different concentrations of recombinant Ace-SLP-1, and the cytokine expression was evaluated by relative quantitative PCR. Our results showed that the hemolytic activity of Ace-SLP-1 increased with the increase in protein concentration from 25 to 100 μg/mL. The recombinant protein had no antibacterial activity against the two kinds of bacteria but could stimulate the secretion of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13) in canine PBMCs. These data suggest that Ace-SLP-1 is involved in hookworm blood-feeding and survival and has good immunogenicity, supporting its potential as a diagnostic and vaccine target molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Asmaa M I Abuzeid
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Shilan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Jumei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stranahan LW, Arenas-Gamboa AM. When the Going Gets Rough: The Significance of Brucella Lipopolysaccharide Phenotype in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713157. [PMID: 34335551 PMCID: PMC8319746 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella is a facultatively intracellular bacterial pathogen and the cause of worldwide zoonotic infections, infamous for its ability to evade the immune system and persist chronically within host cells. Despite the frequent association with attenuation in other Gram-negative bacteria, a rough lipopolysaccharide phenotype is retained by Brucella canis and Brucella ovis, which remain fully virulent in their natural canine and ovine hosts, respectively. While these natural rough strains lack the O-polysaccharide they, like their smooth counterparts, are able to evade and manipulate the host immune system by exhibiting low endotoxic activity, resisting destruction by complement and antimicrobial peptides, entering and trafficking within host cells along a similar pathway, and interfering with MHC-II antigen presentation. B. canis and B. ovis appear to have compensated for their roughness by alterations to their outer membrane, especially in regards to outer membrane proteins. B. canis, in particular, also shows evidence of being less proinflammatory in vivo, suggesting that the rough phenotype may be associated with an enhanced level of stealth that could allow these pathogens to persist for longer periods of time undetected. Nevertheless, much additional work is required to understand the correlates of immune protection against the natural rough Brucella spp., a critical step toward development of much-needed vaccines. This review will highlight the significance of rough lipopolysaccharide in the context of both natural disease and host–pathogen interactions with an emphasis on natural rough Brucella spp. and the implications for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Stranahan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park WB, Kim S, Shim S, Yoo HS. Identification of Dendritic Cell Maturation, TLR, and TREM1 Signaling Pathways in the Brucella canis Infected Canine Macrophage Cells, DH82, Through Transcriptomic Analysis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:619759. [PMID: 33829052 PMCID: PMC8020338 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.619759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has been undertaken to understand the host immune response to Brucella canis infection because of the importance of the disease in the public health field and the clinical field. However, the previous mechanisms governing this infection have not been elucidated. Therefore, in vitro models, which mimic the in vivo infection route using a canine epithelial cell line, D17, and a canine macrophage, DH82, were established to determine these mechanisms by performing an analysis of the transcriptomes in the cells. In this study, a coculture model was constructed by using the D17 cell line and DH82 cell line in a transwell plate. Also, a single cell line culture system using DH82 was performed. After the stimulation of the cells in the two different systems infected with B. canis, the gene expression in the macrophages of the two different systems was analyzed by using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and a transcriptomic analysis was performed by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Gene expression patterns were analyzed in the DH82 cell line at 2, 12, and 24 h after the stimulation with B. canis. Changes in the upregulated or downregulated genes showing 2-fold or higher were identified at each time point by comparing with the non-stimulated group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two culture models were identified by using the IPA program. Generally, the number of genes expressed in the single cell line culture was higher than the number of genes expressed in the coculture model for all-time points. The expression levels of those genes were higher in the single cell line culture (p < 0.05). This analysis indicated that the immune response-related pathways, especially, the dendritic cell maturation, Triggering receptor expression on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) signaling, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, were significantly induced in both the culture systems with higher p-values and z-scores. An increase in the expression level of genes related to the pathways was observed over time. All pathways are commonly associated with a manifestation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and early immune responses. However, the Peroxisome proliferator-activation receptor (PPAR) signaling and Liver X Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor (LXR/RXR) signaling associated with lipid metabolism were reduced. These results indicate that early immune responses might be highly activated in B. canis infection. Therefore, these results might suggest clues to reveal the early immune response of the canine to B. canis infection, particularly TLR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Bin Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soojin Shim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marami LM, Gebremedhin EZ, Sarba EJ, Tola GK, Endalew SS, Melkamsew AT, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Vitale M. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Canine Leptospira and Brucella Species Infection in West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2021; 12:33-42. [PMID: 33665154 PMCID: PMC7924131 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s297155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Canine leptospirosis and brucellosis are significant zoonotic gram-negative bacterial diseases that affect humans and animal species. This study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and assess associated risk factors of canine Leptospira and Brucella species infections in Ambo, Bako, and Gojo Towns, West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods A total of 385 serum samples were collected from randomly selected dogs. Antibodies against Brucella and Leptospira species infection were tested using the Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay technique (ELISA). A structured questionnaire survey was administered to each dog-owning household to gather information on potential risk factors. The association between independent and outcome variables was analyzed using the Chi-square test followed by univariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results The overall seroprevalence of Brucella and Leptospira species infections were found to be 15.06% (95% confidence interval (ci): 11.64–19.04%) and 4.16% (95% ci: 2.39–6.67%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the town was the significant risk factor of Brucella species infection seropositivity. Accordingly, dogs found in Gojo ((odds ratio (OR)): 17.72 CI: 1.17–117.54, p=0.036) and Bako (OR: 7.99, 95% CI: 0.96–66.37), p=0.054 towns were more at risk to be infected with Brucella species than dogs living in Ambo. Conclusion The seroprevalence of Leptospira and Brucella species infections in dogs of the West Shewa Zone was high and moderate, respectively, suggesting the possible transmission of the disease between dogs and other animals. These infections might be an under-recognized threat to public health and animal welfare. Further research on the identification of the serovars of Leptospira and biotypes of Brucella circulating in dogs is encouraged. Finally, knowledge of the comprehensive epidemiology of these diseases is an invaluable input for veterinarians, healthcare professionals, and policy-makers to avoid or manage canine leptospirosis and brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lencho Megersa Marami
- Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin
- Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Edilu Jorga Sarba
- Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Kebebew Tola
- Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Shiferaw Endalew
- Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Asamenew Tesfaye Melkamsew
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Department of Immunology, Sebeta, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sicily, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heterogeneous populations from in vitro cultures of antigen presenting cells in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110215. [PMID: 33676089 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs). Because of the difficulty in obtaining these cells directly from tissues, different sources of DCs are frequently used for in vitro experimentation and many of their biological and functional characteristics were studied using these systems. Until recently, it was assumed that specific culture conditions polarized the differentiation of either DCs or macrophages (Macs); however, it was shown that some DC culture systems in other species generate heterogeneous cell populations that can be identified according to their CD11c and MHC class II (MHC-II) expression. Following this approach, porcine DCs were directly isolated from peripheral blood or differentiated in vitro by culturing bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells or blood monocytes treated with growth factors. Mostly homogeneous monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) were obtained with similar phenotype and phagocytic characteristics to that of blood DCs. On the contrary, BM-derived DC (BMDC) cultures generated two distinct heterogeneous populations identified as MHC-II+ and MHC-II++ cells. BMDCs MHC-II+ had similar phenotypic and phagocytic characteristics to those of MoDCs and blood DCs. However, BMDCs MHC-II++ population expressed a higher amount of surface markers and transcribed genes associated with Macs-lineage exhibiting a higher phagocytic capacity than all the other cells. Noteworthy, every cell system expressed different genetic signatures. These results will help interpreting and re-interpreting data obtained using in vitro systems.
Collapse
|
10
|
Roop RM, Barton IS, Hopersberger D, Martin DW. Uncovering the Hidden Credentials of Brucella Virulence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00021-19. [PMID: 33568459 PMCID: PMC8549849 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00021-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Brucella are important human and veterinary pathogens. The abortion and infertility they cause in food animals produce economic hardships in areas where the disease has not been controlled, and human brucellosis is one of the world's most common zoonoses. Brucella strains have also been isolated from wildlife, but we know much less about the pathobiology and epidemiology of these infections than we do about brucellosis in domestic animals. The brucellae maintain predominantly an intracellular lifestyle in their mammalian hosts, and their ability to subvert the host immune response and survive and replicate in macrophages and placental trophoblasts underlies their success as pathogens. We are just beginning to understand how these bacteria evolved from a progenitor alphaproteobacterium with an environmental niche and diverged to become highly host-adapted and host-specific pathogens. Two important virulence determinants played critical roles in this evolution: (i) a type IV secretion system that secretes effector molecules into the host cell cytoplasm that direct the intracellular trafficking of the brucellae and modulate host immune responses and (ii) a lipopolysaccharide moiety which poorly stimulates host inflammatory responses. This review highlights what we presently know about how these and other virulence determinants contribute to Brucella pathogenesis. Gaining a better understanding of how the brucellae produce disease will provide us with information that can be used to design better strategies for preventing brucellosis in animals and for preventing and treating this disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Martin Roop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian S Barton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dariel Hopersberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Brucella canis Strains Isolated from Kennels, Household, and Stray Dogs in Chile. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112073. [PMID: 33182313 PMCID: PMC7695308 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis is a zoonotic disease that causes reproductive alterations in dogs, such as infertility, abortion, and epididymitis. This pathogen is especially prevalent in South America, and due to the lack of official control programs and the growing trend of adopting dogs it constitutes a public health risk that must be addressed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. canis infection in kennel, shelter, and household dogs and to characterize the genomic properties of circulating strains, including ure and virB operons and omp25/31 genes. Samples from 771 dogs were obtained, and the infection was detected by blood culture and/or serology in 7.0% of the animals. The complete ure and virB operons and the omp25/31 genes were detected. Interestingly, we found different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some of the analyzed genes, which could mean a change in the fitness or virulence of these strains. This study provides further evidence about dogs as a source of B. canis strains that can infect people. This also highlights the need to implement official control programs, including the mandatory testing of dogs, especially stray dogs, before adoption.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stranahan LW, Chaki SP, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Khalaf OH, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Brucella canis RM6/66 Δ vjbR Vaccine Candidate for Protection against B. canis Infection in Mice. mSphere 2020; 5:e00172-20. [PMID: 32434839 PMCID: PMC7380573 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00172-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella canis is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of canine brucellosis, a highly contagious disease of dogs that can be transmitted to humans. Unfortunately, no vaccine is available to prevent infection. We recently characterized the kinetics of B. canis infection in the mouse model, establishing the required dose necessary to achieve systemic infection. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of the mouse model in assessing canine brucellosis vaccine candidates and to subsequently investigate the safety and efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine, the B. canis RM6/66 ΔvjbR strain. Mice vaccinated with a dose of 109 CFU of the vaccine strain by both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes were afforded significant protection against organ colonization and development of histopathologic lesions following intraperitoneal challenge. Addition of an adjuvant or a booster dose 2 weeks following initial vaccination did not alter protection levels. Vaccination also resulted in a robust humoral immune response in mice, and B. canis RM6/66 ΔvjbR was capable of activating canine dendritic cells in vitro These data demonstrate that the B. canis RM6/66 ΔvjbR strain shows promise as a vaccine for canine brucellosis and validates the mouse model for future vaccine efficacy studies.IMPORTANCE Canine brucellosis, caused by Brucella canis, is the primary cause of reproductive failure in dogs and represents a public health concern due to its zoonotic nature. Cases in dogs in the United States have been increasing due to the persistent nature of the bacterium, deficiencies in current diagnostic testing, and, most importantly, the lack of a protective vaccine. Current estimates place the seroprevalence of B. canis in the southern United States at 7% to 8%, but with the unprecedented rates of animals moving across state and international borders and the lack of federal regulations in regard to testing, the true seroprevalence of B. canis in the United States may very well be higher. Vaccination represents the most effective method of brucellosis control and, in response to the demand for a vaccine against B. canis, we have developed the live attenuated B. canis RM6/66 ΔvjbR vaccine strain capable of protecting mice against challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Stranahan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Omar H Khalaf
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang Y, Abuzeid AMI, Zhuang T, Zhu S, He L, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Chen X, Li G. Effect of Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm platelet inhibitor on platelet adhesion and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1777-1784. [PMID: 32300877 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic parasitic nematode that can cause iron-deficiency anemia and malnutrition in humans. A. ceylanicum hookworm platelet inhibitor (Ace-HPI) can inhibit platelet aggregation in the host to facilitate blood sucking, but whether it possesses platelet adhesion inhibitory activity or immunomodulatory role is yet unknown. To explore the effect of Ace-HPI on platelet adhesion, we expressed the recombinant protein in two competent cells, BL21 (DE3) and Rosetta-gami2 (DE3), and incubated this protein with canine platelets in a 96-well microplate. Ace-HPI was used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro to investigate the effect on PBMC proliferation and cytokine expression. Results showed that Ace-HPI expressed in Rosetta-gami2 (DE3) strain was mostly soluble. The inhibitory effect of this protein on platelet adhesion was relatively weak (7-8%). This protein stimulated the proliferation of PBMC and promoted the expression of Treg and Th2 cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-13. These results lay a foundation for exploring the role of Ace-HPI in hookworm disease pathogenesis and as a candidate molecule for hookworm vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Asmaa M I Abuzeid
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Shilan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Long He
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Yunqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Avila-Calderón ED, Flores-Romo L, Sharon W, Donis-Maturano L, Becerril-García MA, Arreola MGA, Reynoso BA, Güemes FS, Contreras-Rodríguez A. Dendritic cells and Brucella spp. interaction: the sentinel host and the stealthy pathogen. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:1-16. [PMID: 30783994 PMCID: PMC7224029 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells to encounter antigens, these cells trigger both innate and T cell responses, and are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Brucella spp., which is an intracellular facultative and stealthy pathogen, is able to evade the bactericidal activities of professional phagocytes. Several studies have demonstrated that Brucella can survive and replicate intracellularly, thereby provoking impaired maturation of DCs. Therefore, the interaction between DCs and Brucella becomes an interesting model to study the immune response. In this review, we first will describe the most common techniques for DCs differentiation in vitro as well as general features of brucellosis. Then, the interaction of DCs and Brucella, including pathogen recognition, molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis, and intracellular trafficking of Brucella to subvert innate response, will be reviewed. Finally, we will debate diversity in immunological DC response and the controversial role of DC activation against Brucella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Daniel Avila-Calderón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN No 2508, Zacatenco, C.P 07330, Mexico city, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN No 2508, Zacatenco, C.P 07330, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Witonsky Sharon
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases/Center for One Health, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0442, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0442, USA
| | - Luis Donis-Maturano
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Becerril-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Francisco I Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño S/N Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ma Guadalupe Aguilera Arreola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Arellano Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Francisco Suarez Güemes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico city, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dynamic Changes of Th1 Cytokines and the Clinical Significance of the IFN- γ/TNF- α Ratio in Acute Brucellosis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5869257. [PMID: 31686983 PMCID: PMC6800922 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5869257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells and Th1-produced cytokines play essential roles in the immune response to foreign pathogens, such as Brucella spp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of Th1 cells and Th1-produced cytokines in patients with acute brucellosis and their impact on clinical decision-making. Methods Fifty-one individuals with acute brucellosis and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The brucellosis patients were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and clinical examination. The levels of serum gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with the percentage of Th1 cells, were determined by flow cytometry bead arrays (CBA). Results The frequency of Th1 cells, along with the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, was negatively correlated with the clinical parameters. The mean serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α and the frequency of Th1 cells were significantly higher in the brucellosis patients in comparison with the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Besides, the cytokine levels were not significantly different between the positive and negative blood culture groups. IFN-γ levels significantly decreased from 6 months to 12 months post treatment (p < 0.05). However, the IFN-γ levels remained higher than those of the healthy subjects by 12 months post treatment (p < 0.05). The IFN-γ/TNF-α ratio was significantly higher in severe cases than in nonsevere cases (p < 0.05). Conclusions The IFN-γ levels secreted by Th1 cells remain significantly higher than those of healthy subjects more than 12 months after treatment with antibiotics. This finding is different from similar studies. The IFN-γ/TNF-α ratio may be a feasible parameter for assessing clinical severity, yet further longitudinal studies of the immunization and inflammatory reaction of brucellosis are needed in larger patient populations.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang J, Li H, Wang Z, Yu L, Liu Q, Niu X, Xu T, Wang Z. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits multiplication of Brucella suis vaccine strain 2 in murine microglia BV2 cells via stimulation of caspase‑dependent apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4067-4072. [PMID: 31545433 PMCID: PMC6797990 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular parasite Brucella species, is the most common bacterial zoonotic infection worldwide. Brucella can survive and proliferate in several phagocytic and non‑phagocytic cell types. Human brucellosis has similar clinical symptoms with systemic diseases, which may lead to delay of diagnosis and increasing of complications. Therefore, investigating the proliferation of Brucella in host cells is important to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi‑synthetic derivative of artemisinin, has been recommended by World Health Organization as an anti‑malarial drug. However, there have been few studies regarding its effectiveness against bacteria. In the present study, it was revealed that B. suis vaccine strain 2 (S2) grew in BV2 cells without significant cytotoxicity, and less than 20 µM DHA had no inhibitory effects on BV2 cells. Furthermore, DHA reduced B. suis S2 growth in BV2 cells, and increased the percentage of apoptosis and the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 in B. suis S2‑infected cells. Collectively, the present data indicated that DHA induced the caspase‑dependent apoptotic pathway to inhibit the intracellular B. suis S2 growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Haining Li
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Niu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pujol M, Borie C, Montoya M, Ferreira A, Vernal R. Brucella canis induces canine CD4 + T cells multi-cytokine Th1/Th17 production via dendritic cell activation. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 62:68-75. [PMID: 30711049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella canis is a small intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that frequently leads to chronic infections highly resistant to antibiotic therapy in dogs. Also, it causes mild human brucellosis compared to other zoonotic Brucella spp. Herein we characterize the cellular immune response elicited by B. canis by analysing human and canine CD4+ T cells after stimulation with autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Human and canine B. canis-primed MoDCs stimulated autologous CD4+ T cells; however, a Th1 response was triggered by human MoDCs, whereas canine MoDCs induced Th1/Th17 responses, with increased CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-17A simultaneously. Each pattern of cellular response may contribute to host susceptibility, helping to understand the differences in B. canis virulence between these two hosts. In addition, other aspects of canine immunology are unveiled by highlighting the participation of IL-17A-producing canine MoDCs and CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-17A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Pujol
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Consuelo Borie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Montoya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meta-Analysis of the Changes of Peripheral Blood T Cell Subsets in Patients with Brucellosis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8439813. [PMID: 29888294 PMCID: PMC5985067 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8439813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases in the world, but its pathogenesis is not very clear. At present, it is thought that it may be related to the immunity of T cells. The conclusions of related studies are inconsistent, and its clinical significance is not explicit. We searched published articles in electronic databases up to December 2017 identified as relating to the clinical features of human brucellosis in China. Only eight studies had sufficient quality for data extraction. Meta-analysis showed a significantly decreased proportion of CD4+ T cells in human brucellosis patients compared to healthy subject individuals. The frequency of CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in human brucellosis patients than that in the healthy control group. The pooled analysis presented a significant decrease of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in human brucellosis patients compared to healthy subjects. There is immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocyte in patients with human brucellosis, the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells might be the important factors affecting the progress of brucellosis.
Collapse
|