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Saladini LY, Magalhães-Junior MJ, da Silva CCF, Oliveira PGC, Kodama RT, Gomes L, Nishiyama-Jr MY, Spencer PJ, da Silva WD, Portaro FCV. Evaluation of the Inhibitory Potential of Synthetic Peptides Homologous to CDR3 Regions of a Monoclonal Antibody against Bothropic Venom Serine Proteases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5181. [PMID: 38791221 PMCID: PMC11121450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Snakebite accidents, neglected tropical diseases per the WHO, pose a significant public health threat due to their severity and frequency. Envenomation by Bothrops genus snakes leads to severe manifestations due to proteolytic enzymes. While the antibothropic serum produced by the Butantan Institute saves lives, its efficacy is limited as it fails to neutralize certain serine proteases. Hence, developing new-generation antivenoms, like monoclonal antibodies, is crucial. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory potential of synthetic peptides homologous to the CDR3 regions of a monoclonal antibody targeting a snake venom thrombin-like enzyme (SVTLE) from B. atrox venom. Five synthetic peptides were studied, all stable against hydrolysis by venoms and serine proteases. Impressively, four peptides demonstrated uncompetitive SVTLE inhibition, with Ki values ranging from 10-6 to 10-7 M. These findings underscore the potential of short peptides homologous to CDR3 regions in blocking snake venom toxins, suggesting their promise as the basis for new-generation antivenoms. Thus, this study offers potential advancements in combatting snakebites, addressing a critical public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Yuri Saladini
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil (C.C.F.d.S.); (P.G.C.O.); (R.T.K.); (L.G.)
| | | | | | - Priscila Gonçalves Coutinho Oliveira
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil (C.C.F.d.S.); (P.G.C.O.); (R.T.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Roberto Tadashi Kodama
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil (C.C.F.d.S.); (P.G.C.O.); (R.T.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Lais Gomes
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil (C.C.F.d.S.); (P.G.C.O.); (R.T.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Milton Yutaka Nishiyama-Jr
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrick Jack Spencer
- Biotechnology Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN/SP), São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Fernanda Calheta Vieira Portaro
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil (C.C.F.d.S.); (P.G.C.O.); (R.T.K.); (L.G.)
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Ho PL, Wen FH, Akamatsu MA, Yamaguchi IK. Professor Isaías Raw (March 26th, 1927–December 14th, 2022). Toxicon 2023; 227:107089. [PMID: 36967018 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Lee Ho
- Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Attarde S, Iyer A, Khochare S, Shaligram U, Vikharankar M, Sunagar K. The Preclinical Evaluation of a Second-Generation Antivenom for Treating Snake Envenoming in India. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030168. [PMID: 35324665 PMCID: PMC8950585 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake envenoming afflicts the Indian subcontinent with the highest rates of mortality (47,000) and morbidity globally. The only effective treatment for snakebites is the administration of antivenom, which is produced by the hyperimmunisation of equines. Commercial Indian antivenoms, however, have been shown to exhibit a poor preclinical performance in neutralising venom, as a result of inter- and intrapopulation snake venom variation. Additionally, their poor dose effectiveness necessitates the administration of larger volumes of antivenom for treatment, leading to several harmful side effects in snakebite victims, including serum sickness and fatal anaphylaxis. In this study, we employed chromatographic purification to enhance the dose efficacy of commercial Indian antivenoms. The efficacy of this ‘second-generation’ antivenom was comparatively evaluated against six other marketed antivenoms using a number of in vitro and in vivo preclinical assays, which revealed its superior venom recognition capability. Enhanced purity also resulted in significant improvements in dose effectiveness, as the ‘second-generation’ antivenom exhibited a 3 to 4.5 times increased venom neutralisation potential. Furthermore, preclinical assays revealed the increased effectiveness of the ‘second-generation’ antivenom in countering morbid effects inflicted by the ‘big four’ Indian snakes. Thus, we demonstrate the role of simpler purification steps in significantly enhancing the effectiveness of snakebite therapy in regions that are most affected by snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Attarde
- Evolutionary Venomics Lab, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India; (S.A.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Ashwin Iyer
- Evolutionary Venomics Lab, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India; (S.A.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Suyog Khochare
- Evolutionary Venomics Lab, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India; (S.A.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Umesh Shaligram
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., 212/2, Hadapsar, Off Soli Poonawalla Road, Pune 411028, Maharashtra, India; (U.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Mayur Vikharankar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., 212/2, Hadapsar, Off Soli Poonawalla Road, Pune 411028, Maharashtra, India; (U.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Kartik Sunagar
- Evolutionary Venomics Lab, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India; (S.A.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Da Costa CBP, Cruz ACDM, Penha JCQ, Castro HC, Da Cunha LER, Ratcliffe NA, Cisne R, Martins FJ. Using in vivo animal models for studying SARS-CoV-2. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:121-137. [PMID: 34727803 PMCID: PMC8567288 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.1995352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for an animal model capable of reproducing the physiopathology of the COVID-19, and also suitable for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new drugs has become a challenge for many researchers. AREAS COVERED This work reviews the current animal models for in vivo tests with SARS-CoV-2 as well as the challenges involved in the safety and efficacy trials. EXPERT OPINION Studies have reported the use of nonhuman primates, ferrets, mice, Syrian hamsters, lagomorphs, mink, and zebrafish in experiments that aimed to understand the course of COVID-19 or test vaccines and other drugs. In contrast, the assays with animal hyperimmune sera have only been used in in vitro assays. Finding an animal that faithfully reproduces all the characteristics of the disease in humans is difficult. Some models may be more complex to work with, such as monkeys, or require genetic manipulation so that they can express the human ACE2 receptor, as in the case of mice. Although some models are more promising, possibly the use of more than one animal model represents the best scenario. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish an ideal animal model to help in the development of other treatment strategies besides vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B. P. Da Costa
- Technological Development and Innovation Laboratory of the Industrial Board, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Cesar Q Penha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis E. R. Da Cunha
- Technological Development and Innovation Laboratory of the Industrial Board, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biociences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rafael Cisne
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations have been used for several decades for treatment of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and for treatment of some infections and intoxications. This has demonstrated the importance of Igs, also called antibodies (Abs) for prevention and elimination of infections. Moreover, elucidation of the structure and functions of Abs has suggested that they might be useful for targeted treatment of several diseases, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. The development of technologies for production of specific monoclonal Abs (MAbs) in large amounts has led to the production of highly effective therapeutic antibodies (TAbs), a collective term for MAbs (MAbs) with demonstrated clinical efficacy in one or more diseases. The number of approved TAbs is currently around hundred, and an even larger number is under development, including several engineered and modified Ab formats. The use of TAbs has provided new treatment options for many severe diseases, but prediction of clinical effect is difficult, and many patients eventually lose effect, possibly due to development of Abs to the TAbs or to other reasons. The therapeutic efficacy of TAbs can be ascribed to one or more effects, including binding and neutralization of targets, direct cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent complement-dependent cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or others. The therapeutic options for TAbs have been expanded by development of several new formats of TAbs, including bispecific Abs, single domain Abs, TAb-drug conjugates, and the use of TAbs for targeted activation of immune cells. Most promisingly, current research and development can be expected to increase the number of clinical conditions, which may benefit from TAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Wu F, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Mo R, Yan F, Wang H, Wong G, Chi H, Wang T, Feng N, Gao Y, Xia X, Zhao Y, Yang S. A Chimeric Sudan Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate Produced by a Recombinant Baculovirus System Induces Specific Immune Responses in Mice and Horses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010064. [PMID: 31947873 PMCID: PMC7019897 DOI: 10.3390/v12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus infections lead to severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates; and human fatality rates are as high as 67%–90%. Since the Ebola virus was discovered in 1976, the only available treatments have been medical support or the emergency administration of experimental drugs. The absence of licensed vaccines and drugs against the Ebola virus impedes the prevention of viral infection. In this study, we generated recombinant baculoviruses (rBV) expressing the Sudan virus (SUDV) matrix structural protein (VP40) (rBV-VP40-VP40) or the SUDV glycoprotein (GP) (rBV-GP-GP), and SUDV virus-like particles (VLPs) were produced by co-infection of Sf9 cells with rBV-SUDV-VP40 and rBV-SUDV-GP. The expression of SUDV VP40 and GP in SUDV VLPs was demonstrated by IFA and Western blot analysis. Electron microscopy results demonstrated that SUDV VLPs had a filamentous morphology. The immunogenicity of SUDV VLPs produced in insect cells was evaluated by the immunization of mice. The analysis of antibody responses showed that mice vaccinated with SUDV VLPs and the adjuvant Montanide ISA 201 produced SUDV GP-specific IgG antibodies. Sera from SUDV VLP-immunized mice were able to block infection by SUDV GP pseudotyped HIV, indicating that a neutralizing antibody against the SUDV GP protein was produced. Furthermore, the activation of B cells in the group immunized with VLPs mixed with Montanide ISA 201 was significant one week after the primary immunization. Vaccination with the SUDV VLPs markedly increased the frequency of antigen-specific cells secreting type 1 and type 2 cytokines. To study the therapeutic effects of SUDV antibodies, horses were immunized with SUDV VLPs emulsified in Freund’s complete adjuvant or Freund’s incomplete adjuvant. The results showed that horses could produce SUDV GP-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. These results showed that SUDV VLPs demonstrate excellent immunogenicity and represent a promising approach for vaccine development against SUDV infection. Further, these horse anti-SUDV purified immunoglobulins lay a foundation for SUDV therapeutic drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruo Mo
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20031, China;
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada
| | - Hang Chi
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Na Feng
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
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