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Caetano-da-Silva JE, Gonçalves-Santos E, Domingues ELBC, Caldas IS, Lima GDA, Diniz LF, Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol modulates inflammatory and oxidative responses in Trypanosoma cruzi-induced acute myocarditis in mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024:107653. [PMID: 38740356 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
By uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis, which are known to aggravate infectious myocarditis in Chagas disease. Thus, the impact of DNP-based chemotherapy on Trypanosoma cruzi-induced acute myocarditis was investigated. C56BL/6 mice uninfected and infected untreated and treated daily with 100 mg/kg benznidazole (Bz, reference drug), 5 and 10 mg/kg DNP by gavage for 11 days after confirmation of T. cruzi infection were investigated. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the animals were euthanized and the heart was collected for microstructural, immunological and biochemical analyses. T. cruzi inoculation induced systemic inflammation (e.g., cytokines and anti-T. cruzi IgG upregulation), cardiac infection (T. cruzi DNA), oxidative stress, inflammatory infiltrate and microstructural myocardial damage in untreated mice. DNP treatment aggravated heart infection and microstructural damage, which were markedly attenuated by Bz. DNP (10 mg/kg) was also effective in attenuating ROS (total ROS, H2O2 and O2-), nitric oxide (NO), lipid (malondialdehyde - MDA) and protein (protein carbonyl - PCn) oxidation, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-10, and MCP-1/CCL2, anti-T. cruzi IgG, cardiac troponin I levels, as well as inflammatory infiltrate and cardiac damage in T. cruzi-infected mice. Our findings indicate that DNP aggravated heart infection and microstructural cardiomyocytes damage in infected mice. These responses were related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DNP, which favors infection by weakening the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory protective mechanisms of the infected host. Conversely, Bz-induced cardioprotective effects combined effective anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic responses, which protect against heart infection, oxidative stress and microstructural damage in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Edson Caetano-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil;.
| | - Elda Gonçalves-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa L B C Domingues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo S Caldas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil;; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Graziela D A Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil;; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia F Diniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil;; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil;; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil;; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil;; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Vellozo NS, Matos-Silva TC, Lopes MF. Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244071. [PMID: 37662946 PMCID: PMC10469960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages phagocytose parasites and remove apoptotic cells through efferocytosis. While macrophage 1 (M1) produces proinflammatory cytokines and NO and fights infection, M2 macrophages are permissive host cells that express arginase 1 and play a role in tissue repair. The regulation of M1 and M2 phenotypes might either induce or impair macrophage-mediated immunity towards parasite control or persistence in chronic Chagas disease. Here, we highlight a key role of macrophage activation in early immune responses to T. cruzi that prevent escalating parasitemia, heart parasitism, and mortality during acute infection. We will discuss the mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation, such as T cell cytokines and efferocytosis, and how to improve macrophage-mediated immunity to prevent parasite persistence, inflammation, and the development of chagasic cardiomyopathy. Potential vaccines or therapy must enhance early T cell-macrophage crosstalk and parasite control to restrain the pathogenic outcomes of parasite-induced inflammation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcela F. Lopes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lopes MEASA, Ribeiro JM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Murta SMF, Souza-Fagundes EM. A functional assay using human whole blood and flow cytometry analysis to evaluate cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory effect of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs. Exp Parasitol 2023; 247:108490. [PMID: 36809831 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease is urgent due to the high toxicity and low cure efficacy, mainly during the chronic phase of this disease. Other chemotherapeutic approaches for Chagas disease treatment are being researched and require screening assays suitable for evaluating the effectivity of new biologically active compounds. This study aims to evaluate a functional assay using the internalization of epimastigotes forms of Trypanosoma cruzi by human peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers and analyses by flow cytometry of cytotoxicity, anti-T. cruzi activity, and immunomodulatory effect of benznidazole, ravuconazole, and posaconazole. The culture supernatant was used to measure cytokines (IL-1-β, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF and IL-10) and chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, CCL5/RANTES and CXCL8/IL-8). The data showed a reduction in the internalization of T. cruzi epimastigote forms treated with ravuconazole, demonstrating its potential anti-T. cruzi activity. In addition, an increased amount of IL-10 and TNF cytokines was observed in the supernatant of cultures upon the addition of the drug, mainly IL-10 in the presence of benznidazole, ravuconazole and posaconazole, and TNF in the presence of ravuconazole and posaconazole. Moreover, the results revealed a decrease in the MCP-1/CCL2 index in cultures in the presence of benznidazole, ravuconazole, and posaconazole. A decrease in the CCL5/RANTES and CXCL8/IL-8 index in cultures with BZ, when compared to the culture without drugs, was also observed. In conclusion, the innovative functional test proposed in this study may be a valuable tool as a confirmatory test for selecting promising compounds identified in prospecting programs for new drugs for Chagas disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Eduarda A S A Lopes
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Ribeiro
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 30190-001, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvane M F Murta
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Elaine M Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Figueiredo VP, Silva MC, Souza DMSD, Coelho Junior D, Lopes LR, Azevedo MDA, Menezes APDJ, de Lima WG, Peluzio MDCG, Talvani A. Trypanosoma cruzi infection increases atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-deficient mice. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105730. [PMID: 35995253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the major ligand for the transporting and removal of chylomicrons and lipoproteins by the liver. Since the creation of the ApoE-knockout mice, it is well established that ApoE deficiency results in spontaneous atherosclerosis in aged animals. Atherosclerosis is also observed in animals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan that elicits a systemic inflammatory response in mammalian hosts, culminating in damage to cardiac, neuronal, and endothelial cells. Pro-atherogenic effects related to the experimental infection with T. cruzi may be induced by inflammatory components affecting the vascular wall. Herein, we evaluated whether infection with different strains of T. cruzi worsened the atherogenic lesions observed in aged ApoE-/- mice. After four weeks of infection with Berenice-78 (Be-78) or Colombian (Col) strains of the parasite, mice presented increased CCL2 and CCL5 production and high migration of inflammatory cells to cardiac tissue. Although the infection with either strain did not affect the survival rate, only the infection with Col strain caused abundant parasite growth in blood and heart and increased aortic root lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Our findings show, for the first time that ApoE exerts a protective anti-atherosclerotic role in the aortic root of mice in the acute phase of experimental infection with the Col strain of T. cruzi. Further studies should target ApoE and nutritional interventions to modulate susceptibility to cardiovascular disabilities after T. cruzi infection, minimizing the risk of death in both experimental animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Maria Soares de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diógenes Coelho Junior
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Roquete Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maira de Araújo Azevedo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Jesus Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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5
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Oliveira DSD, Leite ALJ, Pedrosa TCF, Mota LWR, Costa GDP, Souza DMSD, Perucci LO, Talvani A. Insights into IL-33 on inflammatory response during in vitro infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152243. [PMID: 35839730 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and regulatory cytokines play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines whose expression/production is upregulated following pro-inflammatory stimulation to alert the immune system in response to tissue stress or damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory profile induced in cultured J774 cells stimulated or not with IL-33 (10 ng/mL), with live parasites (1 × 106 metacyclic trypomastigote forms) and/or total antigen, TcAg (100 µg/mL) and with both, IL-33 and TcAg/T. cruzi. The cultures were evaluated at 24 h and 48 h after addition of the stimuli. For this, the supernatants were collected for the measurement of TNF, IL-17, CCL2, and IL-10 by ELISA and of nitrite by the Griess method. TNF, IL-17, and CCL2 concentrations were elevated in the presence of TcAg or live T. cruzi parasites at 24 h, and the addition of IL-33 potentiated these effects at 48 h. In addition, the T. cruzi-amastigote forms reduced in those infected J774 cells stimulated with IL-33 at 48 h. In conclusion, the IL-33 elevated the production of the TNF, IL-17, and CCL2 in cultured J774 cells stimulated with T. cruzi and/or its antigen and reduced the intracellular parasites, providing impetus to new investigations on its potential actions on the parasite-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Biological Science Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Junqueira Leite
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Biological Science Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamiles Caroline Fernandes Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Biological Science Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Walter Reis Mota
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Nucleus of Research on Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Débora Maria Soares de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Nucleus of Research on Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, DECBI, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Health Sciences, Infectology and Tropical Medicine Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040055. [PMID: 33081206 PMCID: PMC7709114 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in allergic diseases and for contributions to antiparasitic immune responses. Properties of this antibody class that mediate powerful effector functions may be redirected for the treatment of solid tumours. This has led to the rise of a new class of therapeutic antibodies to complement the armamentarium of approved tumour targeting antibodies, which to date are all IgG class. The perceived risk of type I hypersensitivity reactions following administration of IgE has necessitated particular consideration in the development of these therapeutic agents. Here, we bring together the properties of IgE antibodies pivotal to the hypothesis for superior antitumour activity compared to IgG, observations of in vitro and in vivo efficacy and mechanisms of action, and a focus on the safety considerations for this novel class of therapeutic agent. These include in vitro studies of potential hypersensitivity, selection of and observations from appropriate in vivo animal models and possible implications of the high degree of glycosylation of IgE. We also discuss the use of ex vivo predictive and monitoring clinical tools, as well as the risk mitigation steps employed in, and the preliminary outcomes from, the first-in-human clinical trial of a candidate anticancer IgE therapeutic.
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Zinc Supplementation: Immune Balance of Pregnancy During the Chronic Phase of the Chagas Disease. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:599-609. [PMID: 32141022 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is endemic of the Americas. The control of the disease is restricted to toxic and potentially teratogenic drugs, which limit the use during pregnancy. The use of food supplementation offers a safe and low-cost form to alleviate Chagas disease symptoms, mostly in areas with alimentary risk. For example, zinc demonstrates positive effects in immune response, including in Chagas disease during pregnancy. PURPOSE This study describes the innate response in pregnant rats chronically infected with T. cruzi and supplemented with zinc. METHODS Pregnant female Wistar rats, infected with T. cruzi, were treated with 20 mg/kg/day zinc sulfate and euthanized on the 18th day. Samples (plasma, splenocytes, and peritoneal exudate) were collected and several immune parameters (nitric oxide, RT1B, CD80/CD86, MCP-1, CD11b/c, NK/NKT, IL-2, IL-10, INF-cc, and apoptosis) evaluated. RESULTS Under Zinc supplementation and/or T. cruzi infection, the gestation developed normally. Several innate immune parameters such as RT1B, CD80/CD86, MCP-1 expressing lymphocytes, IL-2, and IL-17 were positively altered, whereas nitric oxide, CD11b/c, NK/NKT, apoptosis, INF-γ, and corticosterone demonstrated a pro-pregnancy pattern. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that zinc has diverse effects on immune response during pregnancy. An anti-T. cruzi immunity, as well as a pro-gestation response, were observed after zinc supplementation. The complete comprehension of zinc supplementation in pregnancy will base an adequate strategy to alleviate Chagas disease symptoms and propagation, especially for populations from endemic areas.
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Oliveira AER, Pereira MCA, Belew AT, Ferreira LRP, Pereira LMN, Neves EGA, Nunes MDCP, Burleigh BA, Dutra WO, El-Sayed NM, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira SMR. Gene expression network analyses during infection with virulent and avirulent Trypanosoma cruzi strains unveil a role for fibroblasts in neutrophil recruitment and activation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008781. [PMID: 32810179 PMCID: PMC7508367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite that has a heterogeneous population composed of a pool of strains with distinct characteristics, including variable levels of virulence. In previous work, transcriptome analyses of parasite genes after infection of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) with virulent (CL Brener) and non-virulent (CL-14) clones derived from the CL strain, revealed a reduced expression of genes encoding parasite surface proteins in CL-14 compared to CL Brener during the final steps of the intracellular differentiation from amastigotes to trypomastigotes. Here we analyzed changes in the expression of host genes during in vitro infection of HFF cells with the CL Brener and CL-14 strains by analyzing total RNA extracted from cells at 60 and 96 hours post-infection (hpi) with each strain, as well as from uninfected cells. Similar transcriptome profiles were observed at 60 hpi with both strains compared to uninfected samples. However, at 96 hpi, significant differences in the number and expression levels of several genes, particularly those involved with immune response and cytoskeleton organization, were observed. Further analyses confirmed the difference in the chemokine/cytokine signaling involved with the recruitment and activation of immune cells such as neutrophils upon T. cruzi infection. These findings suggest that infection with the virulent CL Brener strain induces a more robust inflammatory response when compared with the non-virulent CL-14 strain. Importantly, the RNA-Seq data also exposed an unexplored role of fibroblasts as sentinel cells that may act by recruiting neutrophils to the initial site of infection. This role for fibroblasts in the regulation of the inflammatory response during infection by T. cruzi was corroborated by measurements of levels of different chemokines/cytokines during in vitro infection and in plasma from Chagas disease patients as well as by neutrophil activation and migration assays. Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a debilitating and often life-threatening illness that affects 6 to 7 million people mainly in Latin America. The parasite, transmitted to humans by an insect vector, needs to invade different cells from the infected person in order to multiply and spread the infection to various organs, including the heart and the gut. In this study, we investigated how the host cell responds to the infection by analyzing changes in the expression of human genes in fibroblasts infected with the CL Brener and CL-14 strains, which are strains that present highly distinct virulent phenotypes during infection in mice. We showed that human fibroblasts build a strong immune response upon infection by T. cruzi and that this response is different depending on the parasite strain: infection with the virulent CL Brener strain induces a more robust inflammatory response compared with the infection with the avirulent CL-14 strain. We also showed that, in response to the infection, fibroblasts produce molecules that can recruit and activate neutrophils, which are important immune cells that controls the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Edson R. Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milton C. A. Pereira
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ashton T. Belew
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ludmila R. P. Ferreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Eula G. A. Neves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo P. Nunes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Barbara A. Burleigh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Walderez O. Dutra
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Najib M. El-Sayed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail: (SMRT); (RTG)
| | - Santuza M. R. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail: (SMRT); (RTG)
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Wozniak JM, Silva TA, Thomas D, Siqueira-Neto JL, McKerrow JH, Gonzalez DJ, Calvet CM. Molecular dissection of Chagas induced cardiomyopathy reveals central disease associated and druggable signaling pathways. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007980. [PMID: 32433643 PMCID: PMC7279607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, the clinical presentation of T. cruzi infection, is a major human health concern. While the acute phase of Chagas disease is typically asymptomatic and self-resolving, chronically infected individuals suffer numerous sequelae later in life. Cardiomyopathies in particular are the most severe consequence of chronic Chagas disease and cannot be reversed solely by parasite load reduction. To prioritize new therapeutic targets, we unbiasedly interrogated the host signaling events in heart tissues isolated from a Chagas disease mouse model using quantitative, multiplexed proteomics. We defined the host response to infection at both the proteome and phospho-proteome levels. The proteome showed an increase in the immune response and a strong repression of several mitochondrial proteins. Complementing the proteome studies, the phospho-proteomic survey found an abundance of phospho-site alterations in plasma membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of kinase activity provided substantial evidence for the activation of NDRG2 and JNK/p38 kinases during Chagas disease. A significant activation of DYRK2 and AMPKA2 and the inhibition of casein family kinases were also predicted. We concluded our analyses by linking the diseased heart proteome profile to known therapeutic interventions, uncovering a potential to target mitochondrial proteins, secreted immune effectors and core kinases for the treatment of chronic Chagas disease. Together, this study provides molecular insight into host proteome and phospho-proteome responses to T. cruzi infection in the heart for the first time, highlighting pathways that can be further validated for functional contributions to disease and suitability as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Wozniak
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Araújo Silva
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory; Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diane Thomas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jair L. Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJG); (CMC)
| | - Claudia M. Calvet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory; Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (DJG); (CMC)
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10
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Mendonça AA, Gonçalves RV, Souza-Silva TG, Maldonado IR, Talvani A, Natali AJ, Novaes RD. Concomitant exercise training attenuates the cardioprotective effects of pharmacological therapy in a murine model of acute infectious myocarditis. Life Sci 2019; 230:141-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Could pre-infection exercise training improve the efficacy of specific antiparasitic chemotherapy for Chagas disease? Parasitology 2019; 146:1655-1664. [PMID: 31362797 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Considering a potential exercise-drug interaction, we investigated whether exercise training could improve the efficacy of specific antiparasitic chemotherapy in a rodent model of Chagas disease. Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: sedentary and uninfected (CT); sedentary and infected (SI); sedentary, infected and treated (SIT); trained and infected (TI); trained, infected and treated (TIT). After 9-weeks running training, the animals were infected with T. cruzi and followed up for 4 weeks, receiving 100 mg kg-1 day-1 benznidazole. No evidence of myocarditis was observed in CT animals. TI animals exhibited reduced parasitemia, myocarditis, and reactive tissue damage compared to SI animals, in addition to increased IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, heart non-protein antioxidant (NPA) levels and glutathione-s transferase activity (P < 0.05). The CT, SIT and TIT groups presented similar reductions in parasitemia, cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and MCP-1), inflammatory infiltrate, oxidative heart damage and antioxidant enzymes activity compared to SI and TI animals, as well as reduced heart microstructural remodeling (P < 0.05). By modulating heart inflammation and redox metabolism, exercise training exerts a protective effect against T. cruzi infection in rats. However, the antiparasitic and cardioprotective effects of benznidazole chemotherapy are more pronounced, determining similar endpoints in sedentary and trained T. cruzi-infected rats.
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12
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Nakamura M, Bax HJ, Scotto D, Souri EA, Sollie S, Harris RJ, Hammar N, Walldius G, Winship A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Spicer JF, Van Hemelrijck M, Josephs DH, Lacy KE, Tsoka S, Karagiannis SN. Immune mediator expression signatures are associated with improved outcome in ovarian carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1593811. [PMID: 31069161 PMCID: PMC6492968 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1593811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune and inflammatory cascades may play multiple roles in ovarian cancer. We aimed to identify relationships between expression of immune and inflammatory mediators and patient outcomes. We interrogated differential gene expression of 44 markers and marker combinations (n = 1,978) in 1,656 ovarian carcinoma patient tumors, alongside matched 5-year overall survival (OS) data in silico. Using machine learning methods, we investigated whether genomic expression of these 44 mediators can discriminate between malignant and non-malignant tissues in 839 ovarian cancer and 115 non-malignant ovary samples. We furthermore assessed inflammation markers in 289 ovarian cancer patients’ sera in the Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality-related RISk (AMORIS) cohort. Expression of the 44 mediators could discriminate between malignant and non-malignant tissues with at least 96% accuracy. Higher expression of classical Th1, Th2, Th17, anti-parasitic/infection and M1 macrophage mediator signatures were associated with better OS. Contrastingly, inflammatory and angiogenic mediators, CXCL-12, C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA) were negatively associated with OS. Of the serum inflammatory markers in the AMORIS cohort, women with ovarian cancer who had elevated levels of haptoglobin (≥1.4 g/L) had a higher risk of dying from ovarian cancer compared to those with haptoglobin levels <1.4 g/L (HR = 2.09, 95% CI:1.38–3.16). Our findings indicate that elevated “classical” immune mediators, associated with response to pathogen antigen challenge, may confer immunological advantage in ovarian cancer, while inflammatory markers appear to have negative prognostic value. These highlight associations between immune protection, inflammation and clinical outcomes, and offer opportunities for patient stratification based on secretome markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Scotto
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elmira Amiri Souri
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Sollie
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, UK
| | - Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goran Walldius
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Winship
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ana Montes
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, UK.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
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13
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Chevillard C, Nunes JPS, Frade AF, Almeida RR, Pandey RP, Nascimento MS, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. Disease Tolerance and Pathogen Resistance Genes May Underlie Trypanosoma cruzi Persistence and Differential Progression to Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2791. [PMID: 30559742 PMCID: PMC6286977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects over 8 million people worldwide. In spite of a powerful innate and adaptive immune response in acute infection, the parasite evades eradication, leading to a chronic persistent infection with low parasitism. Chronically infected subjects display differential patterns of disease progression. While 30% develop chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC)—a severe inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy—decades after infection, 60% of the patients remain disease-free, in the asymptomatic/indeterminate (ASY) form, and 10% develop gastrointestinal disease. Infection of genetically deficient mice provided a map of genes relevant for resistance to T. cruzi infection, leading to the identification of multiple genes linked to survival to infection. These include pathogen resistance genes (PRG) needed for intracellular parasite destruction, and genes involved in disease tolerance (protection against tissue damage and acute phase death—DTG). All identified DTGs were found to directly or indirectly inhibit IFN-γ production or Th1 differentiation. We hypothesize that the absolute need for DTG to control potentially lethal IFN-γ PRG activity leads to T. cruzi persistence and establishment of chronic infection. IFN-γ production is higher in CCC than ASY patients, and is the most highly expressed cytokine in CCC hearts. Key DTGs that downmodulate IFN-γ, like IL-10, and Ebi3/IL27p28, are higher in ASY patients. Polymorphisms in PRG and DTG are associated with differential disease progression. We thus hypothesize that ASY patients are disease tolerant, while an imbalance of DTG and IFN-γ PRG activity leads to the inflammatory heart damage of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Silva Nunes
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Farage Frade
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Bioengineering, Brazil University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilda Savóia Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Horta AL, Figueiredo VP, Leite ALJ, Costa GDP, Menezes APDJ, Ramos CDO, Pedrosa TCF, Bezerra FS, Vieira PMDA, Talvani A. The β-blocker carvedilol and the benznidazole modulate the cardiac immune response in the acute infection induced by Colombian strain of the Trypanosoma cruzi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180271. [PMID: 30365644 PMCID: PMC6193372 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infection led by Trypanosoma cruzi persists in mammalian tissues causing an inflammatory imbalance. Carvedilol (Cv), a non-selective beta blocker drug indicated to treat heart failure and antihypertensive has shown to promote antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties which might improve the inflammation induced by T. cruzi. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the role of Cv on the inflammatory response of C57BL/6 mice acutely infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. METHODS Animals were infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and treated with Cv (25 mg/kg/day), benznidazole (Bz) (100 mg/kg/day) or their combination. On the 28th day of infection and 23 days of treatment, the euthanasia occurred, and the heart preserved for histopathological, oxidative stress (SOD, catalase, TBARs, carbonylated proteins) and plasma (CCL2, CCL5, TNF, IL-10) analyses. Parasitaemia and survival were assessed along the infection. FINDINGS Cv decreased TBARs, but increased the mortality rate, the parasitaemia and the levels of CCL2, CCL5, catalase and the inflammatory infiltrate in the cardiac tissue. Bz led the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate and circulating levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the infected mice. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Cv, in this experimental model using the Colombian strain of T. cruzi, caused damage to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Luciano Horta
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Luisa Junqueira Leite
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula de Jesus Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Ramos
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Tamiles Caroline Fernandes Pedrosa
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - André Talvani
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biomas Tropicais, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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15
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Paroli AF, Gonzalez PV, Díaz-Luján C, Onofrio LI, Arocena A, Cano RC, Carrera-Silva EA, Gea S. NLRP3 Inflammasome and Caspase-1/11 Pathway Orchestrate Different Outcomes in the Host Protection Against Trypanosoma cruzi Acute Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:913. [PMID: 29774028 PMCID: PMC5944318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi results in activation of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs). NLR activation leads to inflammasome formation, the activation of caspase-1, and the subsequent cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18. Considering that inflammasome activation and IL-1β induction by macrophages are key players for an appropriate T cell response, we investigated the relevance of NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1/11 to elucidate their roles in the induction of different T cell phenotypes and the relationship with parasite load and hepatic inflammation during T. cruzi-Tulahuen strain acute infection. We demonstrated that infected nlrp3-/- and C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice exhibited similar parasitemia and survival, although the parasite load was higher in the livers of nlrp3-/- mice than in those of WT mice. Increased levels of transaminases and pro-inflammatory cytokines were found in the plasma of WT and nlrp3-/- mice indicating that NLRP3 is dispensable to control the parasitemia but it is required for a better clearance of parasites in the liver. Importantly, we have found that NLRP3 and caspase-1/11-deficient mice differentially modulate T helper (Th1, Th2, and Th17) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte phenotypes. Strikingly, caspase-1/11-/- mice showed the most dramatic reduction in the number of IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells associated with higher parasitemia and lower survival. Additionally, caspase-1/11-/- mice demonstrated significantly reduced liver inflammation with the lowest alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels but the highest hepatic parasitic load. These results unequivocally demonstrate that caspase-1/11 pathway plays an important role in the induction of liver adaptive immunity against this parasite infection as well as in hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto F Paroli
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia Díaz-Luján
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina I Onofrio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Arocena
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roxana C Cano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenio A Carrera-Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Gea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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Batista AM, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Alves SM, Melo G, Pereira IR, Ruivo LADS, da Silva AA, Gibaldi D, da Silva TDESP, de Lorena VMB, de Melo AS, de Araújo Soares AK, Barros MDS, Costa VMA, Cardoso CC, Pacheco AG, Carrazzone C, Oliveira W, Moraes MO, Lannes-Vieira J. Genetic Polymorphism at CCL5 Is Associated With Protection in Chagas' Heart Disease: Antagonistic Participation of CCR1 + and CCR5 + Cells in Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:615. [PMID: 29696014 PMCID: PMC5904358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cardiomyopathy is the main clinical manifestation of Chagas disease (CD), a disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. A hallmark of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is a fibrogenic inflammation mainly composed of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and macrophages. CC-chemokine ligands and receptors have been proposed to drive cell migration toward the heart tissue of CD patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CC-chemokine ligand and receptor genes may determine protein expression. Herein, we evaluated the association of SNPs in the CC-chemokines CCL2 (rs1024611) and CCL5 (rs2107538, rs2280788) and the CCL5/RANTES receptors CCR1 (rs3181077, rs1491961, rs3136672) and CCR5 (rs1799987) with risk and progression toward CCC. We performed a cross-sectional association study of 406 seropositive patients from endemic areas for CD in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. The patients were classified as non-cardiopathic (A, n = 110) or cardiopathic (mild, B1, n = 163; severe, C, n = 133). Serum levels of CCL5 and CCL2/MCP-1 were elevated in CD patients but were neither associated with risk/severity of CCC nor with SNP genotypes. After logistic regression analysis with adjustment for the covariates gender and ethnicity, CCL5 -403 (rs2107538) CT heterozygotes (OR = 0.5, P-value = 0.04) and T carriers (OR = 0.5, P-value = 0.01) were associated with protection against CCC. To gain insight into the participation of the CCL5-CCR5/CCR1 axis in CCC, mice were infected with the Colombian T. cruzi strain. Increased CCL5 concentrations were detected in cardiac tissue. In spleen, frequencies of CCR1+ CD8+ T cells and CD14+ macrophages were decreased, while frequencies of CCR5+ cells were increased. Importantly, CCR1+CD14+ macrophages were mainly IL-10+, while CCR5+ cells were mostly TNF+. CCR5-deficient infected mice presented reduced TNF concentrations and injury in heart tissue. Selective blockade of CCR1 (Met-RANTES therapy) in infected Ccr5-/- mice supported a protective role for CCR1 in CCC. Furthermore, parasite antigen stimulation of CD patient blood cells increased the frequency of CCR1+CD8+ T cells and CCL5 production. Collectively, our data support that a genetic variant of CCL5 and CCR1+ cells confer protection against Chagas heart disease, identifying the CCL5-CCR1 axis as a target for immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Martins Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Marinho Alves
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE/UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Gloria Melo
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE/UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Alice da Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Adriene Siqueira de Melo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana Karine de Araújo Soares
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Michelle da Silva Barros
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Vláudia Maria Assis Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cynthia C Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Pacheco
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristina Carrazzone
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE/UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Wilson Oliveira
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE/UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Ferreira BL, Ferreira ÉR, de Brito MV, Salu BR, Oliva MLV, Mortara RA, Orikaza CM. BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice Cytokine Responses to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Are Independent of Parasite Strain Infectivity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:553. [PMID: 29662478 PMCID: PMC5890190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas’ disease, which affects 6–7 million people worldwide. Different strains of T. cruzi present specific genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that affect the host–pathogen interactions, and thus, the parasite has been classified into six groups (TcI to TcVI). T. cruzi infection presents two clinical phases, acute and chronic, both with distinct characteristics and important participation by the immune system. However, the specific contributions of parasite and host factors in the disease phases are not yet fully understood. The murine model for Chagas’ disease is well-established and reproduces important features of the human infection, providing an experimental basis for the study of host lineages and parasite strains. Thus, we evaluated acute and chronic infection by the G (TcI) and CL (TcVI) strains of T. cruzi, which have distinct tropisms and infectivity, in two inbred mice lineages (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) that display variable degrees of susceptibility to different T. cruzi strains. Analysis of the parasite loads in host tissues by qPCR showed that CL strain established an infection faster than the G strain; at the same time, the response in BALB/c mice, although diverse in terms of cytokine secretion, was initiated earlier than that in C57BL/6 mice. At the parasitemia peak in the acute phase, we observed, either by confocal microscopy or by qPCR, that the infection was disseminated in all groups analyzed, with some differences concerning parasite tropism; at this point, all animals responded to infection by increasing the serum concentrations of cytokines. However, BALB/c mice seemed to better regulate the immune response than C57BL/6 mice. Indeed, in the chronic phase, C57BL/6 mice still presented exacerbated cytokine and chemokine responses. In summary, our results indicate that in these experimental models, the deregulation of immune response that is typical of chronic Chagas’ disease may be due to control loss over pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines early in the acute phase of the disease, depending primarily on the host background rather than the parasite strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Éden R Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlon V de Brito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno R Salu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L V Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato A Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina M Orikaza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Potential Role of Carvedilol in the Cardiac Immune Response Induced by Experimental Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9205062. [PMID: 28377930 PMCID: PMC5362721 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9205062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi causes a cardiac infection characterized by an inflammatory imbalance that could become the inciting factor of the illness. To this end, we evaluated the role of carvedilol, a beta-blocker with potential immunomodulatory properties, on the immune response in C57BL/6 mice infected with VL-10 strain of T. cruzi in the acute phase. Animals (n = 40) were grouped: (i) not infected, (ii) infected, (iii) infected + carvedilol, and (iv) not infected + carvedilol. We analyzed parameters related to parasitemia, plasma levels of TNF, IL-10, and CCL2, and cardiac histopathology after the administration of carvedilol for 30 days. We did not observe differences in the maximum peaks of parasitemia in the day of their detection among the groups. The plasma TNF was elevated at 60 days of infection in mice treated or not with carvedilol. However, we observed a decreased CCL2 level and increased IL-10 levels in those infected animals treated with carvedilol, which impacted the reduction of the inflammatory infiltration in cardiac tissue. For this experimental model, carvedilol therapy was not able to alter the levels of circulating parasites but modulates the pattern of CCL2 and IL-10 mediators when the VL10 strain of T. cruzi was used in C57BL6 mice.
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19
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Patarčić I, Gelemanović A, Kirin M, Kolčić I, Theodoratou E, Baillie KJ, de Jong MD, Rudan I, Campbell H, Polašek O. The role of host genetic factors in respiratory tract infectious diseases: systematic review, meta-analyses and field synopsis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16119. [PMID: 26524966 PMCID: PMC4630784 DOI: 10.1038/srep16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genetic factors have frequently been implicated in respiratory infectious diseases, often with inconsistent results in replication studies. We identified 386 studies from the total of 24,823 studies identified in a systematic search of four bibliographic databases. We performed meta-analyses of studies on tuberculosis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-Coronavirus and pneumonia. One single-nucleotide polymorphism from IL4 gene was significant for pooled respiratory infections (rs2070874; 1.66 [1.29–2.14]). We also detected an association of TLR2 gene with tuberculosis (rs5743708; 3.19 [2.03–5.02]). Subset analyses identified CCL2 as an additional risk factor for tuberculosis (rs1024611; OR = 0.79 [0.72–0.88]). The IL4-TLR2-CCL2 axis could be a highly interesting target for translation towards clinical use. However, this conclusion is based on low credibility of evidence - almost 95% of all identified studies had strong risk of bias or confounding. Future studies must build upon larger-scale collaborations, but also strictly adhere to the highest evidence-based principles in study design, in order to reduce research waste and provide clinically translatable evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Patarčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrea Gelemanović
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirna Kirin
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics , University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kenneth J Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Menno D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics , University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics , University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics , University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Penitente AR, Leite ALJ, de Paula Costa G, Shrestha D, Horta AL, Natali AJ, Neves CA, Talvani A. Enalapril in Combination with Benznidazole Reduces Cardiac Inflammation and Creatine Kinases in Mice Chronically Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:976-82. [PMID: 26350447 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi triggers an inflammatory process in mammalian heart causing events such as fibrosis, changes in the architecture and functionality in this organ. Enalapril, an angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor, is a drug prescribed to ameliorate this heart dysfunction, and appears to exert a potential role in immune system regulation. Our aim was to evaluate the chronic cardiac inflammatory parameters after therapeutic treatment with enalapril and benznidazole in C57BL/6 mice infected with the VL-10 strain of T. cruzi. After infection, animals were treated with oral doses of enalapril (25 mg/kg), benznidazole (100 mg/kg), or both during 30 days. Morphometric parameters and levels of chemokines (CCL2, CCL5), IL-10, creatine kinases (CKs), and C-reactive protein were evaluated in the heart and serum at the 120th day of infection. Enalapril alone or in combination with benznidazole did not change the number of circulating parasites, but reduced cardiac leukocyte recruitment and total collagen in the cardiac tissue. Interestingly, the combination therapy (enalapril/benznidazole) also reduced the levels of chemokines, CK and CK-MB, and C-reactive proteins in chronic phase. In conclusion, during the chronic experimental T. cruzi infection, the combination therapy using enalapril plus benznidazole potentiated their immunomodulatory effects, resulting in a low production of biomarkers of cardiac lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlete Rita Penitente
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Junqueira Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deena Shrestha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Luciano Horta
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio J Natali
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clóvis A Neves
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andre Talvani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Guerrero NA, Camacho M, Vila L, Íñiguez MA, Chillón-Marinas C, Cuervo H, Poveda C, Fresno M, Gironès N. Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2 Signaling through Prostaglandin Receptor EP-2 Favor the Development of Myocarditis during Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004025. [PMID: 26305786 PMCID: PMC4549243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Prostanoids are regulators of homeostasis and inflammation and are produced mainly by myeloid cells, being cyclooxygenases, COX-1 and COX-2, the key enzymes in their biosynthesis from arachidonic acid (AA). Here, we have investigated the expression of enzymes involved in AA metabolism during T. cruzi infection. Our results show an increase in the expression of several of these enzymes in acute T. cruzi infected heart. Interestingly, COX-2 was expressed by CD68+ myeloid heart-infiltrating cells. In addition, infiltrating myeloid CD11b+Ly6G- cells purified from infected heart tissue express COX-2 and produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) ex vivo. T. cruzi infections in COX-2 or PGE2-dependent prostaglandin receptor EP-2 deficient mice indicate that both, COX-2 and EP-2 signaling contribute significantly to the heart leukocyte infiltration and to the release of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines in the heart of T. cruzi infected mice. In conclusion, COX-2 plays a detrimental role in acute Chagas disease myocarditis and points to COX-2 as a potential target for immune intervention. The role of prostanoids, products of the arachidonic acid pathway, during Trypanosoma cruzi infection has been studied by inhibiting key enzymes in prostanoid synthesis as cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), with opposed results. Here we analyzed the expression of cyclooxygenases, prostanoid synthases and receptors in the heart of mice susceptible and non-susceptible to T. cruzi infection and found that they were highly increased respect to non-infected mice. We previously identified the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells expressing arginase-1 (Arg-1). Further analysis showed that COX-2 was expressed in Arg-1- myeloid cells in heart tissue, suggesting the existence of different myeloid populations involved in the leukocyte infiltration (COX-2+Arg-1-) and tissue repair (COX-2-Arg-1+). Mice deficient in the expression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin PGE2 receptor EP-2 infected with T. cruzi showed a marked reduction in the cardiac inflammatory infiltration in comparison with infected wild type mice, indicating an adverse effect of COX-2 and PGE2 signaling through EP-2 receptor in the development of myocarditis during acute T. cruzi infection, suggesting the possibility of immune intervention using COX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Vila
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Íñiguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Henar Cuervo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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22
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Pinazo MJ, Thomas MC, Bustamante J, Almeida ICD, Lopez MC, Gascon J. Biomarkers of therapeutic responses in chronic Chagas disease: state of the art and future perspectives. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:422-32. [PMID: 25946151 PMCID: PMC4489480 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of a biomarker provided by the World Health Organization is any
substance, structure, or process that can be measured in the body, or its products
and influence, or predict the incidence or outcome of disease. Currently, the lack of
prognosis and progression markers for chronic Chagas disease has posed limitations
for testing new drugs to treat this neglected disease. Several molecules and
techniques to detect biomarkers in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected
patients have been proposed to assess whether specific treatment with benznidazole or
nifurtimox is effective. Isolated proteins or protein groups from different
T. cruzi stages and parasite-derived glycoproteins and synthetic
neoglycoconjugates have been demonstrated to be useful for this purpose, as have
nucleic acid amplification techniques. The amplification of T. cruzi
DNA using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method is the leading test
for assessing responses to treatment in a short period of time. Biochemical
biomarkers have been tested early after specific treatment. Cytokines and surface
markers represent promising molecules for the characterisation of host cellular
responses, but need to be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jesus Pinazo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Carmen Thomas
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López Neyra, National Research Council Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Bustamante
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Correia de Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Manuel-Carlos Lopez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López Neyra, National Research Council Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Silva RR, Mariante RM, Silva AA, dos Santos ALB, Roffê E, Santiago H, Gazzinelli RT, Lannes-Vieira J. Interferon-gamma promotes infection of astrocytes by Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118600. [PMID: 25695249 PMCID: PMC4335051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is crucial for immunity against intracellular pathogens such as the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD). IFNγ is a pleiotropic cytokine which regulates activation of immune and non-immune cells; however, the effect of IFNγ in the central nervous system (CNS) and astrocytes during CD is unknown. Here we show that parasite persists in the CNS of C3H/He mice chronically infected with the Colombian T. cruzi strain despite the increased expression of IFNγ mRNA. Furthermore, most of the T. cruzi-bearing cells were astrocytes located near IFNγ+ cells. Surprisingly, in vitro experiments revealed that pretreatment with IFNγ promoted the infection of astrocytes by T. cruzi increasing uptake and proliferation of intracellular forms, despite inducing increased production of nitric oxide (NO). Importantly, the effect of IFNγ on T. cruzi uptake and growth is completely blocked by the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody Infliximab and partially blocked by the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis L-NAME. These data support that IFNγ fuels astrocyte infection by T. cruzi and critically implicate IFNγ-stimulated T. cruzi-infected astrocytes as sources of TNF and NO, which may contribute to parasite persistence and CNS pathology in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rafael M. Mariante
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Andrea Alice Silva
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Apoio à Pesquisa, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Ester Roffê
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—Fiocruz, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Helton Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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24
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Caldas S, Caldas IS, Cecílio AB, Diniz LDEF, Talvani A, Ribeiro I, Bahia MT. Therapeutic responses to different anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs in experimental infection by benznidazole-resistant parasite stock. Parasitology 2014; 141:1-10. [PMID: 25045804 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study describes the role of parasite clearance time induced by benznidazole, fexinidazole and posaconazole treatments upon mice infection with a benznidazole-resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strain in the pathological outcomes. Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice were treated with different drugs and parasite clearance time was detected by blood and tissue qPCR, to determine the dynamic relationship between the efficacy of the treatments and the intensity of heart lesion/serum inflammatory mediators. Our results indicate that anti-T. cruzi treatments were able to reduce parasite replication and consequently induce immunomodulatory effects, where the degree of the immunopathology prevention was related to the time of parasite clearance induced by different treatments. Nevertheless, in benznidazole and posaconazole treatments, parasite rebounding was detected with parasitism reaching levels similar to infected and non-treated mice; the time for parasitic rebound being earlier among benznidazole-treated mice. In parallel, an increase of cardiac lesions and plasma chemokine levels was also detected and was more accentuated in benznidazole-treated animals. Interestingly, in the presence of parasitological cure (fexinidazole treatment), basal levels of these inflammatory mediators were evidenced as well as an absence of cardiac inflammation or fibrosis. Overall, our data indicate that all treatments have positive effects on the clinical evolution of T. cruzi infection, with success in preventing cardiac alterations being drug-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Caldas
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário,Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000,Brazil
| | - Ivo Santana Caldas
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário,Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000,Brazil
| | - Alzira Batista Cecílio
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias,Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro,80, Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Lívia DE Figueiredo Diniz
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário,Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000,Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário,Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000,Brazil
| | - Isabela Ribeiro
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi),1202 Geneva,Switzerland
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário,Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000,Brazil
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25
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Parasite-derived neurotrophic factor/trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi links neurotrophic signaling to cardiac innate immune response. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3687-96. [PMID: 24935974 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02098-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chagas' disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi elicits a potent inflammatory response in acutely infected hearts that keeps parasitism in check and triggers cardiac abnormalities. A most-studied mechanism underlying innate immunity in T. cruzi infection is Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation by lipids and other parasite molecules. However, yet-to-be-identified pathways should exist. Here, we show that T. cruzi strongly upregulates monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 and fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CL1 in cellular and mouse models of heart infection. Mechanistically, upregulation of MCP-1 and FKN stems from the interaction of parasite-derived neurotrophic factor (PDNF)/trans-sialidase with neurotrophic receptors TrkA and TrkC, as assessed by pharmacological inhibition, neutralizing antibodies, and gene silencing studies. Administration of a single dose of intravenous PDNF to naive mice results in a dose-dependent increase in MCP-1 and FKN in the heart and liver with pulse-like kinetics that peak at 3 h postinjection. Intravenous PDNF also augments MCP-1 and FKN in TLR signaling-deficient MyD88-knockout mice, underscoring the MyD88-independent action of PDNF. Although single PDNF injections do not increase MCP-1 and FKN receptors, multiple PDNF injections at short intervals up the levels of receptor transcripts in the heart and liver, suggesting that sustained PDNF triggers cell recruitment at infection sites. Thus, given that MCP-1 and FKN are chemokines essential to the recruitment of immune cells to combat inflammation triggers and to enhance tissue repair, our findings uncover a new mechanism in innate immunity against T. cruzi infection mediated by Trk signaling akin to an endogenous inflammatory and fibrotic pathway resulting from cardiomyocyte-TrkA recognition by matricellular connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2).
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Esper L, Utsch L, Soriani FM, Brant F, Esteves Arantes RM, Campos CF, Pinho V, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Tanowitz HB, Vieira LQ, Machado FS. Regulatory effects of IL-18 on cytokine profiles and development of myocarditis during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:481-90. [PMID: 24704475 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), is an important cause of heart disease. Resistance to Tc infection is multifactorial and associated with Th1 response. IL-18 plays an important role in regulation of IFN-γ production/development of Th1 response. However, the role of IL-18 in the setting of Tc infection remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of IL-18 in the modulation of immune response and myocarditis in Tc infection. C57BL/6 and IL-18 KO mice were infected with Tc (Y or Colombian strain) and parasitemia, immune response and pathology were evaluated. Y strain infection of IL-18 KO did not alter any parameters when compared with C57BL/6 mice. However, during the acute phase (20 and 40 days post infection-dpi), Colombian strain infected-IL-18 KO mice displayed higher serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ, respectively, and at the chronic phase (100 dpi) an increase in splenic IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T memory cells. There was an IL-10, FOXP3 and CD4(+)CD25(+) cells reduction during acute infection in spleen. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in leukocyte infiltration and parasite load in myocardium of chronically infected IL-18 KO mice. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-18 contributes to the pathogenesis of Tc-induced myocarditis when infected with Colombian but not Y strain. These observations also underscore that parasite and host strain differences are important in evaluation of experimental Tc infection pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lísia Esper
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Utsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Frederico M Soriani
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Fátima Brant
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila F Campos
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Herbert Bernard Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Science, NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Sanches TLM, Cunha LD, Silva GK, Guedes PMM, Silva JS, Zamboni DS. The use of a heterogeneously controlled mouse population reveals a significant correlation of acute phase parasitemia with mortality in Chagas disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91640. [PMID: 24651711 PMCID: PMC3961278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease develops upon infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and undergoes an acute phase characterized by massive parasite replication and the presence of parasites in the blood. This condition is known as acute phase parasitemia. This initial stage may result in a cure, in the development of the chronic stages of the disease or in the death of the infected host. Despite intensive investigation related to the characterization of the acute and chronic phases of the disease, the cause-effect relationship of acute phase parasitemia to the outcome of the disease is still poorly understood. In this study, we artificially generated a heterogeneously controlled mouse population by intercrossing F1 mice obtained from a parental breeding of highly susceptible A/J with highly resistant C57BL/6 mouse strains. This F2 population was infected and used to assess the correlation of acute phase parasitemia with the longevity of the animals. We used nonparametric statistical analyses and found a significant association between parasitemia and mortality. If males and females were evaluated separately, we found that the former were more susceptible to death, although parasitemia was similar in males and females. In females, we found a strong negative correlation between parasitemia and longevity. In males, however, additional factors independent of parasitemia may favor mouse mortality during the development of the disease. The correlations of acute phase parasitemia with mortality reported in this study may facilitate an appropriate prognostic approach to the disease in humans. Moreover, these results illustrate the complexity of the mammalian genetic traits that regulate host resistance during Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago L. M. Sanches
- Department of Cell Biology, University of São Paulo, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, FMRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa D. Cunha
- Department of Cell Biology, University of São Paulo, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, FMRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grace K. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, FMRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. M. Guedes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, FMRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, FMRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, University of São Paulo, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, FMRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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DTU I isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi induce upregulation of Galectin-3 in murine myocarditis and fibrosis. Parasitology 2014; 141:849-58. [PMID: 24533969 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013002254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chagas heart disease is a major public concern since 30% of infected patients develop cardiac alterations. The relationship between Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs) and the biological properties exhibited by the parasite population has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we analysed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) associated with cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling a murine chronic cardiomyopathy induced by Tc I genotypes. We found the induction of myocarditis was associated with the upregulation of Col I, α-SMA, Gal-3, IFN-γ and IL-13, as analysed by q-PCR. In myocardial areas of fibrosis, the intensity of myocarditis and significant ECM remodelling correlated with the presence of Col I-, Gal-3- and α-SMA-positive cells. These results are promising for the further efforts to evaluate the relevance of Gal-3 in Chagas heart disease, since this galectin was proposed as a prognosis marker in heart failure patients.
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McGovern KE, Wilson EH. Role of Chemokines and Trafficking of Immune Cells in Parasitic Infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:157-168. [PMID: 25383073 DOI: 10.2174/1573395509666131217000000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are diverse eukaryotic pathogens that can have complex life cycles. Their clearance, or control within a mammalian host requires the coordinated effort of the immune system. The cell types recruited to areas of infection can combat the disease, promote parasite replication and survival, or contribute to disease pathology. Location and timing of cell recruitment can be crucial. In this review, we explore the role chemokines play in orchestrating and balancing the immune response to achieve optimal control of parasite replication without promoting pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McGovern
- School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
| | - Emma H Wilson
- School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
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Martins RF, Martinelli PM, Guedes PMM, da Cruz Pádua B, dos Santos FM, Silva ME, Bahia MT, Talvani A. Protein deficiency alters CX3CL1 and endothelin-1 in experimentalTrypanosoma cruzi-induced cardiomyopathy. Trop Med Int Health 2013; 18:466-76. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Régia F. Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto; Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. Martinelli
- Departamento de Morfologia; ICB; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte; Brazil
| | - Paulo M. M. Guedes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Natal; Brazil
| | - Bruno da Cruz Pádua
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto; Brazil
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Caldas S, Caldas IS, Diniz LDF, Lima WGD, Oliveira RDP, Cecílio AB, Ribeiro I, Talvani A, Bahia MT. Real-time PCR strategy for parasite quantification in blood and tissue samples of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Acta Trop 2012; 123:170-7. [PMID: 22609548 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The lack of an accurate diagnosis has been a serious obstacle to the advancement of the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi chemotherapy and long-term infection can result in different health risks to human. PCRs are alternative methods, more sensitive than conventional parasitological techniques, which due to their low sensitivities are considered unsuitable for these purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate a sensitive diagnostic strategy to quantify blood and cardiac tissues parasites based on real-time PCR tools during acute and chronic phases of murine Chagas disease, as well as to monitor the evolution of infection in those mice under specific treatment. In parallel, fresh blood examination, immunological analysis and quantification of cardiac inflammation were also performed to confront and improve real-time PCR data. Similar profiles of parasitemia curves were observed in both quantification techniques during the acute phase of the infection. In contrast, parasites could be quantified only by real-time PCR at 60 and 120 days of infection. In cardiac tissue, real-time PCR detected T. cruzi DNA in 100% of infected mice, and using this tool a significant Pearson correlation between parasite load in peripheral blood and in cardiac tissue during acute and chronic phases was observed. Levels of serum CCL2, CCL5 and nitric oxide were coincident with parasite load but focal and diffuse mononuclear infiltrates was observed, even with significant (p<0.05) reduction of parasitism after 60 days of infection. Later, this methodology was used to monitor the evolution of infection in animals treated with itraconazole (Itz). Itz-treatment induced a reduction of parasite load in both blood and cardiac muscle at the treatment period, but after the end of chemotherapy an increase of parasitism was detected. Interestingly, inflammatory mediators levels and heart inflammation intensity had similar evolution to the parasite load, in the group of animals treated. Taken together, our data show that real-time PCR strategy used was suitable for studies of murine T. cruzi infection and may prove useful in investigations involving experimental chemotherapy of the disease and the benefits of treatment in relation to parasitism and inflammatory response.
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Silva RR, Shrestha-Bajracharya D, Almeida-Leite CM, Leite R, Bahia MT, Talvani A. Short-term therapy with simvastatin reduces inflammatory mediators and heart inflammation during the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:513-21. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andre Talvani
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brasil
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Cuervo H, Guerrero NA, Carbajosa S, Beschin A, De Baetselier P, Gironès N, Fresno M. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltrate the heart in acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2656-65. [PMID: 21804013 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects several million people in Latin America. Myocarditis, observed in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, is characterized by a mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate. We previously identified a myeloid cell population in the inflammatory heart infiltrate of infected mice that expressed arginase I. In this study, we purified CD11b(+) myeloid cells from the heart and analyzed their phenotype and function. Those CD11b(+) cells were ∼70% Ly6G(-)Ly6C(+) and 25% Ly6G(+)Ly6C(+). Moreover, purified CD11b(+)Ly6G(-) cells, but not Ly6G(+) cells, showed a predominant monocytic phenotype, expressed arginase I and inducible NO synthase, and suppressed anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Ab-induced T cell proliferation in vitro by an NO-dependent mechanism, activity that best defines myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Contrarily, CD11b(+)Ly6G(+) cells, but not CD11b(+)Ly6G(-) cells, expressed S100A8 and S100A9, proteins known to promote recruitment and differentiation of MDSCs. Together, our results suggest that inducible NO synthase/arginase I-expressing CD11b(+)Ly6G(-) myeloid cells in the hearts of T. cruzi-infected mice are MDSCs. Finally, we found plasma l-arginine depletion in the acute phase of infection that was coincident in time with the appearance of MDSCs, suggesting that in vivo arginase I could be contributing to l-arginine depletion and systemic immunosuppression. Notably, l-arginine supplementation decreased heart tissue parasite load, suggesting that sustained arginase expression through the acute infection is detrimental for the host. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that MDSCs have been found in the heart in the context of myocarditis and also in infection by T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henar Cuervo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Intracellular parasitism has arisen only a few times during the long ancestry of protozoan parasites including in diverse groups such as microsporidians, kinetoplastids, and apicomplexans. Strategies used to gain entry differ widely from injection (e.g. microsporidians), active penetration of the host cell (e.g. Toxoplasma), recruitment of lysosomes to a plasma membrane wound (e.g. Trypanosoma cruzi), to host cell-mediated phagocytosis (e.g. Leishmania). The resulting range of intracellular niches is equally diverse ranging from cytosolic (e.g. T. cruzi) to residing within a non-fusigenic vacuole (e.g. Toxoplasma, Encephalitozoon) or a modified phagolysosome (e.g. Leishmania). These lifestyle choices influence access to nutrients, interaction with host cell signaling pathways, and detection by pathogen recognition systems. As such, intracellular life requires a repertoire of adaptations to assure entry-exit from the cell, as well as to thwart innate immune mechanisms and prevent clearance. Elucidating these pathways at the cellular and molecular level may identify key steps that can be targeted to reduce parasite survival or augment immunologic responses and thereby prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63100, USA.
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Talvani A, Teixeira MM. Inflammation and Chagas disease some mechanisms and relevance. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 76:171-94. [PMID: 21884892 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385895-5.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy is caused by infection with flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. In patients, there is a fine balance between control of the replication and the intensity of the inflammatory response so that the host is unable to eliminate the parasite resulting in the parasite persisting as a lifelong infection in most individuals. However, the parasite persists in such a way that it causes no or little disease. This chapter reviews our understanding of many of the mediators of inflammation and cells which are involved in the inflammatory response of mammals to T. cruzi infection. Particular emphasis is given to the role of chemokines, endothelin and lipid mediators. Understanding the full range of mediators and cells present and how they interact with each other in Chagas disease may shed light on how we modulate disease pathogenesis and define new approaches to treat or prevent the disease.
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Pérez AR, Silva-Barbosa SD, Roggero E, Calmon-Hamaty F, Villar SR, Gutierrez FR, Silva JS, Savino W, Bottasso O. Immunoendocrinology of the thymus in Chagas disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 2011; 18:328-38. [PMID: 21952685 DOI: 10.1159/000329494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During immune response to infectious agents, the host develops an inflammatory response which could fail to eliminate the pathogen or may become dysregulated. In this case, the ongoing response acquires a new status and turns out to be detrimental. The same elements taking part in the establishment and regulation of the inflammatory response (cytokines, chemokines, regulatory T cells and counteracting compounds like glucocorticoids) may also mediate harmful effects. Thymic disturbances seen during Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection fit well with this conceptual framework. After infection, this organ suffers a severe atrophy due to apoptosis-induced thymocyte exhaustion, mainly affecting the immature double-positive (DP) CD4+CD8+ population. Thymus cellularity depletion, which occurs in the absence of main immunological mediators involved in anti-T. cruzi defense, seems to be linked to a systemic cytokine/hormonal imbalance, involving a dysregulated increase in Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and corticosterone hormone levels. Additionally, we have found an anomalous exit of potentially autoimmune DP cells to the periphery, in parallel to a shrinkage in the compartment of natural regulatory T cells. In this context, our data clearly point to the view that the thymus is a target organ of T. cruzi infection. Preserved thymus may be essential for the development of an effective immune response against T. cruzi, but this organ is severely affected by a dysregulated circuit of proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids. Also, the alterations observed in the DP population might have potential implications for the autoimmune component of human Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Pérez
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Rosario (U.N.R.), Rosario, Argentina. perez_anarosa @ yahoo.com.ar
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Rodrigues CM, Valadares HMS, Francisco AF, Arantes JM, Campos CF, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Araujo MSS, Arantes RME, Chiari E, Franco GR, Machado CR, Pena SDJ, Faria AMC, Macedo AM. Coinfection with different Trypanosoma cruzi strains interferes with the host immune response to infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e846. [PMID: 20967289 PMCID: PMC2953483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3(+) and CD4(+) T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiney Melquíades Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helder Magno Silva Valadares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Marilda Arantes
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila França Campos
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araujo
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Egler Chiari
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Glória Regina Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Danilo Junho Pena
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andréa Mara Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Bosschaerts T, Guilliams M, Stijlemans B, Morias Y, Engel D, Tacke F, Hérin M, De Baetselier P, Beschin A. Tip-DC development during parasitic infection is regulated by IL-10 and requires CCL2/CCR2, IFN-gamma and MyD88 signaling. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001045. [PMID: 20714353 PMCID: PMC2920868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of classically activated monocytic cells (M1) is a prerequisite for effective elimination of parasites, including African trypanosomes. However, persistent activation of M1 that produce pathogenic molecules such as TNF and NO contributes to the development of trypanosome infection-associated tissue injury including liver cell necrosis in experimental mouse models. Aiming to identify mechanisms involved in regulation of M1 activity, we have recently documented that during Trypanosoma brucei infection, CD11b+Ly6C+CD11c+ TNF and iNOS producing DCs (Tip-DCs) represent the major pathogenic M1 liver subpopulation. By using gene expression analyses, KO mice and cytokine neutralizing antibodies, we show here that the conversion of CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytic cells to pathogenic Tip-DCs in the liver of T. brucei infected mice consists of a three-step process including (i) a CCR2-dependent but CCR5- and Mif-independent step crucial for emigration of CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytic cells from the bone marrow but dispensable for their blood to liver migration; (ii) a differentiation step of liver CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytic cells to immature inflammatory DCs (CD11c+ but CD80/CD86/MHC-IIlow) which is IFN-γ and MyD88 signaling independent; and (iii) a maturation step of inflammatory DCs to functional (CD80/CD86/MHC-IIhigh) TNF and NO producing Tip-DCs which is IFN-γ and MyD88 signaling dependent. Moreover, IL-10 could limit CCR2-mediated egression of CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytic cells from the bone marrow by limiting Ccl2 expression by liver monocytic cells, as well as their differentiation and maturation to Tip-DCs in the liver, showing that IL-10 works at multiple levels to dampen Tip-DC mediated pathogenicity during T. brucei infection. A wide spectrum of liver diseases associates with alteration of monocyte recruitment, phenotype or function, which could be modulated by IL-10. Therefore, investigating the contribution of recruited monocytes to African trypanosome induced liver injury could potentially identify new targets to treat hepatic inflammation in general, and during parasite infection in particular. Most infections are associated with host inflammatory responses that can result in multiple organ failure and death. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms balancing host immune response and tissue damage. Mouse models of African trypanosome infection represent valuable tools to study the mechanisms contributing to the inflammatory (pathogenic) or anti-inflammatory (anti-pathogenic) immune response. We recently identified TNF and NO producing DCs (Tip-DCs) as major contributors to liver pathogenicity in Trypanosoma brucei infected mice. Herein, the role of different chemokine and cytokines in the generation of Tip-DCs was investigated. Tip-DCs originated from bone marrow derived monocytes that egressed to the blood in a CCR2 chemokine receptor dependent manner. Then, monocytes extravasated to inflamed liver where IFN-γ and MyD88 signaling promoted their maturation to Tip-DCs. Both the egression of monocytes from bone marrow and their IFN-γ/MyD88 dependent maturation to Tip-DCs was counteracted by IL-10, hereby reducing liver pathogenicity. Liver injury, affecting millions of persons worldwide with often lethal consequences, frequently results from uncontrolled activation of recruited monocyte-derived cells that can be modulated by IL-10. Thus, the mechanisms regulating liver immunopathogenicity during parasitic infection identified herein could lead to new therapeutic policies in the field of hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bosschaerts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Stijlemans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick Morias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Engel
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michel Hérin
- Cell and Tissue Laboratory, Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Beschin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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da Silva AA, Pereira GV, de Souza AS, Silva RR, Rocha MS, Lannes-Vieira J. Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Central Nervous System Alterations: From the Entry of Inflammatory Cells to Potential Cognitive and Psychiatric Abnormalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4303/jnp/n100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Alice da Silva
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Marqus do Paran, 303, Niteri, 24-033-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Vilar Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Marqus do Paran, 303, Niteri, 24-033-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Santos de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of the Neuroplasticity and Behavior. Biomedical Science Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco J, Sala 19, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Santos Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of the Neuroplasticity and Behavior. Biomedical Science Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco J, Sala 19, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
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