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Wasim R, Singh A, Islam A, Mohammed S, Anwar A, Mahmood T. High Mobility Group Box 1 and Cardiovascular Diseases: Study of Act and Connect. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s12012-024-09919-5. [PMID: 39242448 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the deadly disease that can result in sudden death, and inflammation plays an important role in its onset and progression. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that regulates transcription, DNA replication, repair, and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is released passively by necrotic tissues and actively secreted by stressed cells. Extracellular HMGB1 functions as a damage associated molecular patterns molecule, producing numerous redox forms that induce a range of cellular responses by binding to distinct receptors and interactors, including tissue inflammation and regeneration. Extracellular HMGB1 inhibition reduces inflammation and is protective in experimental models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion damage, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies caused by mechanical stress, diabetes, bacterial infection, or chemotherapeutic drugs. HMGB1 administration following a myocardial infarction followed by permanent coronary artery ligation improves cardiac function by stimulating tissue regeneration. HMGB1 inhibits contractility and produces hypertrophy and death in cardiomyocytes, while also stimulating cardiac fibroblast activity and promoting cardiac stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Maintaining normal nuclear HMGB1 levels, interestingly, protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by limiting DNA oxidative stress, and mice with HMGB1cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression are partially protected from cardiac injury. Finally, elevated levels of circulating HMGB1 have been linked to human heart disease. As a result, following cardiac damage, HMGB1 elicits both detrimental and helpful responses, which may be due to the formation and stability of the various redox forms, the particular activities of which in this context are mostly unknown. This review covers recent findings in HMGB1 biology and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufaida Wasim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India.
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Anas Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Saad Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Aamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
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2
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Luo X, Gong HB, Li ZC, Li DD, Li ZX, Sun J, Yan CY, Huang RT, Feng Y, Chen SR, Cao YF, Liu M, Wang R, Huang F, Sun WY, Kurihara H, Duan WJ, Liang L, Jin W, Wu YP, He RR, Li YF. Phospholipid peroxidation in macrophage confers tumor resistance by suppressing phagocytic capability towards ferroptotic cells. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:1184-1201. [PMID: 39103535 PMCID: PMC11369141 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis holds significant potential for application in cancer therapy. However, ferroptosis inducers are not cell-specific and can cause phospholipid peroxidation in both tumor and non-tumor cells. This limitation greatly restricts the use of ferroptosis therapy as a safe and effective anticancer strategy. Our previous study demonstrated that macrophages can engulf ferroptotic cells through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Despite this advancement, the precise mechanism by which phospholipid peroxidation in macrophages affects their phagocytotic capability during treatment of tumors with ferroptotic agents is still unknown. Here, we utilized flow sorting combined with redox phospholipidomics to determine that phospholipid peroxidation in tumor microenvironment (TME) macrophages impaired the macrophages ability to eliminate ferroptotic tumor cells by phagocytosis, ultimately fostering tumor resistance to ferroptosis therapy. Mechanistically, the accumulation of phospholipid peroxidation in the macrophage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) repressed TLR2 trafficking to the plasma membrane and caused its retention in the ER by disrupting the interaction between TLR2 and its chaperone CNPY3. Subsequently, this ER-retained TLR2 recruited E3 ligase MARCH6 and initiated the proteasome-dependent degradation. Using redox phospholipidomics, we identified 1-steaoryl-2-15-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (SAPE-OOH) as the crucial mediator of these effects. Conclusively, our discovery elucidates a novel molecular mechanism underlying macrophage phospholipid peroxidation-induced tumor resistance to ferroptosis therapy and highlights the TLR2-MARCH6 axis as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hai-Biao Gong
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Chun Li
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Li
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chang-Yu Yan
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui-Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Shu-Rui Chen
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wan-Yang Sun
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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3
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Mikolič V, Pantović-Žalig J, Malenšek Š, Sever M, Lainšček D, Jerala R. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling activation domains promote CAR T cell function against solid tumors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200815. [PMID: 38840781 PMCID: PMC11152746 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic approach against a range of hematologic malignancies. While the incorporation of CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory signaling domains into CARs revolutionized immune responses, there is an exciting prospect of further enhancing CAR functionality. Here, we investigated the design of CD19 CARs enriched with distinct Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), or Toll/IL-1 domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon (IFN)-β (TRIF) costimulatory domains. Screening of various designs identified several candidates with no tonic activity but with increased CD19 target cell-dependent interleukin (IL)-2 production. Human T cells transduced with the selected CAR construct exhibited augmented hIL-2 and hIFN-γ induction and cytotoxicity when cocultured with CD19-positive lymphoma and solid-tumor cell lines. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis demonstrated the upregulation of some genes involved in the innate immune response and T cell activation and proliferation. In experiments on a xenogeneic solid-tumor mice model, MyD88 and TLR4 CAR T cells exhibited prolonged remission. This study demonstrates that the integration of a truncated TLR4 signaling costimulatory domain could provide immunotherapeutic potential against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mikolič
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jelica Pantović-Žalig
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Malenšek
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Sever
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Duško Lainšček
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre for Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre for Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Luo Y, Zhang G, Hu C, Huang L, Wang D, Chen Z, Wang Y. The Role of Natural Products from Herbal Medicine in TLR4 Signaling for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2727. [PMID: 38930793 PMCID: PMC11206024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway constitutes an intricate network of protein interactions primarily involved in inflammation and cancer. This pathway triggers intracellular signaling cascades, modulating transcription factors that regulate gene expression related to immunity and malignancy. Previous studies showed that colon cancer patients with low TLR4 expression exhibit extended survival times and the TLR4 signaling pathway holds a significant role in CRC pathogenesis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have garnered substantial attention as an alternative therapeutic modality for CRC, primarily due to their multifaceted composition and ability to target multiple pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that specific TCM products, such as andrographolide, rosmarinic acid, baicalin, etc., have the potential to impede CRC development through the TLR4 signaling pathway. Here, we review the role and biochemical processes of the TLR4 signaling pathway in CRC, and natural products from TCMs affecting the TLR4 pathway. This review sheds light on potential treatment strategies utilizing natural TLR4 inhibitors for CRC, which contributes to the advancement of research and accelerates their clinical integration into CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Guochen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Lijun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhejie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
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5
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Bunsick DA, Matsukubo J, Aldbai R, Baghaie L, Szewczuk MR. Functional Selectivity of Cannabinoid Type 1 G Protein-Coupled Receptor Agonists in Transactivating Glycosylated Receptors on Cancer Cells to Induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Metastatic Phenotype. Cells 2024; 13:480. [PMID: 38534324 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of biased G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonism in receptor signaling may provide novel insights into the opposing effects mediated by cannabinoids, particularly in cancer and cancer metastasis. GPCRs can have more than one active state, a phenomenon called either 'biased agonism', 'functional selectivity', or 'ligand-directed signaling'. However, there are increasing arrays of cannabinoid allosteric ligands with different degrees of modulation, called 'biased modulation', that can vary dramatically in a probe- and pathway-specific manner, not from simple differences in orthosteric ligand efficacy or stimulus-response coupling. Here, emerging evidence proposes the involvement of CB1 GPCRs in a novel biased GPCR signaling paradigm involving the crosstalk between neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the activation of glycosylated receptors through the modification of the receptor glycosylation state. The study findings highlighted the role of CB1 agonists AM-404, Aravnil, and Olvanil in significantly inducing Neu-1 sialidase activity in a dose-dependent fashion in RAW-Blue, PANC-1, and SW-620 cells. This approach was further substantiated by findings that the neuromedin B receptor inhibitor, BIM-23127, MMP-9 inhibitor, MMP9i, and Neu-1 inhibitor, oseltamivir phosphate, could specifically block CB1 agonist-induced Neu-1 sialidase activity. Additionally, we found that CB1 receptors exist in a multimeric receptor complex with Neu-1 in naïve, unstimulated RAW-Blue, PANC-1, and SW-620 cells. This complex implies a molecular link that regulates the interaction and signaling mechanism among these molecules present on the cell surface. Moreover, the study results demonstrate that CB1 agonists induce NFκB-dependent secretory alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) activity in influencing the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal markers, E-cadherin, and vimentin in SW-620 cells, albeit the impact on E-cadherin expression is less pronounced compared to vimentin. In essence, this innovative research begins to elucidate an entirely new molecular mechanism involving a GPCR signaling paradigm in which cannabinoids, as epigenetic stimuli, may traverse to influence gene expression and contribute to cancer and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Bunsick
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jenna Matsukubo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Rd #2044, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rashelle Aldbai
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Leili Baghaie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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6
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Ji F, Tian G, Shang D, Jiang F. Antimicrobial peptide 2K4L disrupts the membrane of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and protects mice against sepsis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258469. [PMID: 37942076 PMCID: PMC10628664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides represent a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. 2K4L is a rationally-designed analog of a short peptide temporin-1CEc, a natural peptide isolated and purified from the skin secretions of the Chinese brown frog Rana chensinensis by substituting amino acid residues. 2K4L adopt an α-helical confirm in a membrane-mimetic environment and displayed an improved and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against sensitive and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. Here, the action mechanism of 2K4L on multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) and protection on MRAB-infected mice was investigated. The results demonstrated high bactericidal activity of 2K4L against both a multidrug resistant A. baumannii 0227 strain (MRAB 0227) and a sensitive A. baumannii strain (AB 22934), indicating a potential therapeutic advantage of this peptide. Strong positively-charged residues significantly promoted the electrostatic interaction on 2K4L with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the bacterial outer membrane. High hydrophobicity and an α-helical confirm endowed 2K4L remarkably increase the permeability of A. baumannii cytoplasmic membrane by depolarization of membrane potential and disruption of membrane integration, as well as leakage of fluorescein from the liposomes. Additionally, 2K4L at low concentrations inhibited biofilm formation and degraded mature 1-day-old MRAB 0227 biofilms by reducing the expression of biofilm-related genes. In an invasive A. baumannii infection model, 2K4L enhanced the survival of sepsis mice and decreased the production of the proinflammatory cytokines downregulating the phosphorylation level of signaling protein in MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, indicating that 2K4L represents a novel therapeutic antibiotic candidate against invasive multidrug-resistant bacterial strain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Ji
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoxu Tian
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengquan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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7
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Differential Immune Response to Hirame Novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) Infection in the Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) under Different Temperature. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1145. [PMID: 37627029 PMCID: PMC10452491 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) is one of most serious viral pathogens causing significant economic losses to the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)-farming industry. Previous studies have shown that the outbreak of HIRRV is highly temperature-dependent, and revealed the viral replication was significantly affected by the antiviral response of flounders under different temperatures. In the present study, the proteome and phosphoproteome was used to analyze the different antiviral responses in the HIRRV-infected flounder under 10 °C and 20 °C. Post viral infection, 472 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the spleen of flounder under 10 °C, which related to NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, RNA transport and so on. Under 20 °C, 652 DEPs were identified and involved in focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, phagosome, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Phosphoproteome analysis showed that 675 differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPPs) were identified in the viral infected spleen under 10 °C and significantly enriched in Spliceosome, signaling pathway, necroptosis and RNA transport. Under 20 °C, 1304 DEPPs were identified and significantly enriched to Proteasome, VEGF signaling pathway, apoptosis, Spliceosome, mTOR signaling pathway, mRNA surveillance pathway, and RNA transport. To be noted, the proteins and phosphoproteins involved in interferon production and signaling showed significant upregulations in the viral infected flounder under 20 °C compared with that under 10 °C. Furthermore, the temporal expression profiles of eight selected antiviral-related mRNA including IRF3, IRF7, IKKβ, TBK1, IFIT1, IFI44, MX1 and ISG15 were detected by qRT-PCR, which showed a significantly stronger response at early infection under 20 °C. These results provided fundamental resources for subsequent in-depth research on the HIRRV infection mechanism and the antiviral immunity of flounder, and also gives evidences for the high mortality of HIRRV-infected flounder under low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (X.S.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (X.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (X.S.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (X.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (X.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (X.S.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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8
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Yang L, Zhao W, Gong X, Yue D, Liu Y, Tian Y, Dong K. Exploring potential network pharmacology-and molecular docking-based mechanism of melittin in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34728. [PMID: 37565866 PMCID: PMC10419517 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of difficult-to-cure arthralgia with a worldwide prevalence. It severely affects people's living standards. For a long time, bee venom has been used to treat RA and has shown good results. Melittin is the main active component of bee venom used for RA treatment, but the molecular mechanism of melittin in RA treatments remains unclear. METHODS Potential melittin and RA targets were obtained from relevant databases, and common targets of melittin and RA were screened. The STRING database was used to build the PPI network and screen the core targets after visualization. The core targets were enriched by Gene Ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. Finally, the binding of melittin to target proteins was evaluated through simulated molecular docking, which verified the reliability of the prediction results of network pharmacology. RESULTS In total, 138 melittin targets and 5795 RA targets were obtained from relevant databases, and 90 common targets were obtained through intersection. Eighteen core targets, such as STAT3, AKT1, tumor necrosis factor, and JUN, were screened out. Enrichment analysis results suggested that melittin plays an anti-RA role mainly through tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-17, toll-like receptors, and advanced glycation end products-RAGE signaling pathways, and pathogenic bacterial infection. Molecular docking results suggested that melittin has good docking activity with core target proteins. CONCLUSION RA treatment with melittin is the result of a multi-target and multi-pathway interaction. This study offers a theoretical basis and scientific evidence for further exploring melittin in RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfu Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honey Bee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenzheng Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honey Bee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xueyang Gong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honey Bee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honey Bee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honey Bee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yakai Tian
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honey Bee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honey Bee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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9
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Upasani V, ter Ellen BM, Sann S, Lay S, Heng S, Laurent D, Ly S, Duong V, Dussart P, Smit JM, Cantaert T, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA. Characterization of soluble TLR2 and CD14 levels during acute dengue virus infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17265. [PMID: 37416678 PMCID: PMC10320027 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection results in a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from mild dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Hitherto, there is no consensus biomarker for the prediction of severe dengue disease in patients. Yet, early identification of patients who progress to severe dengue is pivotal for better clinical management. We have recently reported that an increased frequency of classical (CD14 ++CD16-) monocytes with sustained high TLR2 expression in acutely infected dengue patients correlates with severe dengue development. Here, we hypothesized that the relatively lower TLR2 and CD14 expression in mild dengue patients is due to the shedding of their soluble forms (sTLR2 and sCD14) and that these could be used as indicators of disease progression. Therefore, using commercial sandwich ELISAs, we evaluated the release of sTLR2 and sCD14 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to in vitro dengue virus (DENV) infection and assessed their levels in acute-phase plasma of 109 dengue patients. We show that while both sTLR2 and sCD14 are released by PBMCs in response to DENV infection in vitro, their co-circulation in an acute phase of the disease is not always apparent. In fact, sTLR2 was found only in 20% of patients irrespective of disease status. In contrast, sCD14 levels were detected in all patients and were significantly elevated in DF patients when compared to DHF patients and age-matched healthy donors. Altogether, our results suggest that sCD14 may help in identifying patients at risk of severe dengue at hospital admittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Upasani
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bram M. ter Ellen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Lay
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothy Heng
- Kantha Bopha Children Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Denis Laurent
- Kantha Bopha Children Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Yang K, Wu B, Wei W, Li C, Li L, Cong Z, Xiang Q. Curdione ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110082. [PMID: 36989889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute lung injury remains to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Curdione, an activeingredient of Curcuma zedoary, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), possesses a variety of pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, whether curdione protects against sepsis-induced lung injury is still undetermined. In this study, we investigated the effects of curdione on sepsis-induced lung injury. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery was performed in mice to establish a model of sepsis. Twenty-four hours after CLP, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were harvested for investigation. The protective effects of curdione on acute lung injury and potential mechanisms were explored by detecting pathological sections, exudative proteins, oxidative responses, inflammatory factors, platelet activation, neutrophil infiltration, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the lung and were further verified in vitro. We showed that treatment with curdione clearly relieved histopathological changes, reduced inflammatory cytokine elevation and total protein concentrations in BALF, and decreased oxidative stress responses in lung tissues. In addition, curdione inhibited platelet activation, further blocking the interaction between platelets and neutrophils. Finally, neutrophil infiltration and NET formation was also reduced in mice treated with curdione. In conclusion, curdione alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil recruitment, infiltration, and NET formation as well as its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Curdione has great therapeutic potential in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725, South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, No. A17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Cuiyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, No. A17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhukai Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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11
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Xiao S, Pan X, Huang X, Liu Y, Wen SW, Liu A. Gene polymorphisms of inflammatory factors in liver cirrhosis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1140427. [PMID: 37101651 PMCID: PMC10123281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1140427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Studies on the association between gene polymorphisms of various inflammatory factors and liver cirrhosis have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively summarize the available evidence on the association between gene polymorphisms of inflammatory factors and liver cirrhosis through a systematic review. Methods: We searched databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for relevant articles published from building databases to 25 September 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of various inflammatory factors and liver cirrhosis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of association. Results: A total of 43 articles were included in the systematic review and of them, 22 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The gene polymorphisms of IL-10-1082 GA + AA vs. GG (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.12-1.83), IL-10-1082 AA vs. GG (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.36-3.02), IL-18 -137 GG vs. CC (OR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.29-11.40), TGF-β1 -509 T vs. C (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.42-4.48), and IFN-γ +874 T vs. A (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.32-2.98) were associated with liver cirrhosis significantly and no association was observed in other gene polymorphisms included in the meta-analysis. The review of inflammatory factors gene polymorphisms that were only reported by a single study indicated 19 gene polymorphisms were risk factors and 4 gene polymorphisms were protective factors for liver cirrhosis, while the association between other 27 gene polymorphisms and liver cirrhosis were not statistically significant. Discussion: This study suggests that IL-10 -1082G/A, IL-18 -137G/C, TGF-β1 -509T/C, and IFN-γ +874T/A were potentially associated with the risk of liver cirrhosis susceptibility. These findings may provide comprehensive evidence for genetic susceptibility and immunogenetic pathology of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Yang S, Sui W, Ren X, Wang X, Bu G, Meng F, Cao X, Yu G, Han X, Huang A, Liang Q, Wu J, Gao Y, Wang X, Zeng X, Du X, Li Y. UNC93B1 facilitates TLR18-mediated NF-κB signal activation in Schizothorax prenanti. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108584. [PMID: 36740083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 18 (TLR18), a non-mammalian TLR, has been believed to play an important role in anti-bacterial immunity of teleost fishes. UNC93B1 is a classical molecular chaperone that mediates TLRs transport from endoplasmic reticulum to the located membrane. However, TLR18-mediated signal transduction mechanism and the regulatory effect of UNC93B1 to TLR18 are still unclear in teleost fishes. In this study, the coding sequences of TLR18 and UNC93B1 were cloned from Schizothorax prenanti, named spTLR18 and spUNC93B1, respectively. The spTLR18 and spUNC93B1 are 2583 bp and 1878 bp in length, encode 860 and 625 amino acids, respectively. The spTLR18 widely expressed in various tissues with the highest expression level in liver. After stimulation of Aeromonas hydrophila, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C), the expression levels of spTLR18 were significantly increased in spleen and head kidney. The spTLR18 located in the cell membrane, while spUNC93B1 located in the cytoplasm. Luciferase and overexpression analysis showed that spTLR18 activated NF-κB and type I IFN signal pathways, and spTLR18-mediated NF-κB activation might depend on the adaptor molecule MyD88. Besides, spUNC93B1 positively regulates spTLR18-mediated NF-κB signal. Our study first uncovers TLR18-UNC93B1-mediated signal transduction mechanism, which contributes to the understanding of TLR signaling pathway in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Weikai Sui
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Liang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Limuyuan Agricultural Technology Co., LTD, 610046, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
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Rice M, Nicol A, Nuovo GJ. The differential expression of toll like receptors and RIG-1 in the placenta of neonates with in utero infections. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 62:152080. [PMID: 36535188 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel biomarkers of in utero infections are needed to help guide early therapy. The toll like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1) are proteins involved in the initial reaction of the innate immune system to infectious diseases. This study tested the hypothesis that a panel of TLRs and RIG-1 in the placenta could serve as an early biomarker of in utero infections. The TLRs and RIG-1 expression as determined by immunohistochemistry was scored in 10 control placentas (normal delivery or neonatal damage from known non-infectious cause), 8 placentas from documented in utero bacterial infection, and 7 placentas from documented in utero viral infections blinded to the clinical information. The non-infected placentas showed the following profile: no expression (TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8), moderate expression (TLR2), and strong expression (RIG-1). The bacterial and viral infection cases shared the following profile: no to mild expression (TLR 2, TLR7, and RIG1), moderate expression (TLR4), and strong expression (TLR1, TLR3, and TLR8). The histologic findings in the chorionic villi were equivalent in the infected cases and controls, underscoring the need for molecular testing by the surgical pathologist when in utero infection is suspected. The results suggest that a panel of TLRs/RIG-1 analyses can allow the pathologist and/or clinician to diagnose in utero infections soon after birth. Also, treatments to antagonize the effects of TLR1, 3, and 8 may help abrogate in utero neonatal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alcina Nicol
- National Institute of Infectology (INI - FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- GnomeDX, Powell, OH, USA; Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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14
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Yanan S, Bohan L, Shuaifeng S, Wendan T, Ma Z, Wei L. Inhibition of Mogroside IIIE on isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:114-120. [PMID: 36594066 PMCID: PMC9790049 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.67908.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of mogroside IIIE (MGIIIE) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis and explore its possible mechanisms. Materials and Methods Forty C57BL/6 male mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), model group (n=10), low MGIIIE dose group (n=10), and high MGIIIE dose group (n=10). Myocardial fibrosis was established by subcutaneous ISO injection. After 2 weeks of continuous gastric administration of MGIIIE, the cardiac structure was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by histology examination. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), p-IκBα, p-NF-κB, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were detected by western blot. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the serum were examined by ELISA. In the in vitro study, Ang II (1 μmol/l) was used to stimulate the fibroblasts, then inflammation and fibrosis index were detected. Results MGIIIE inhibited inflammation and fibrosis and down-regulated TLR4, MyD88, TGF-β1, and α-SMA expression in the myocardium. In the in vitro study, MGIIIE ameliorates the deposition of Col Ш and Col I and decreases the release of inflammatory cytokines. MGIIIE increased p-IκBα and reduced p-NF-κB expression both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion MGIIIE plays a role in anti-myocardial fibrosis, by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling expression, and decreasing inflammatory cytokine release. MGIIIE may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yanan
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Li Bohan
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Sun Shuaifeng
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Tian Wendan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, PR. China, 150001
| | - Zizhe Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Guangzhou, PR. China, 510080,Corresponding author: Liu Wei. Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Guangzhou, PR. China, 510080. Tel/ Fax: +86- 18904502999;
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15
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Jin SJ, Song Y, Park HS, Park KW, Lee S, Kang H. Harmine Inhibits Multiple TLR-Induced Inflammatory Expression through Modulation of NF-κB p65, JNK, and STAT1. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:2022. [PMID: 36556387 PMCID: PMC9787735 DOI: 10.3390/life12122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmine is a beta-carboline alkaloid present in various plants, including in the seeds of Peganum harmala L. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of harmine using macrophages stimulated with various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and a model of endotoxemia. The expression of inflammatory mediators induced by ligands of TLRs 2, 3, 4, and 9 were examined in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages isolated from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains. Further, the activation of NF-κB, MAPK, AP-1, and STAT1 was explored using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). Finally, the liver inflammatory response during endotoxemia was examined. Harmine inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and other markers induced by various TLR agonists. The inhibition of NF-κB activity by harmine occurred via the modulation of p65 phosphorylation, independent of IκBα degradation. The inhibition of AP-1 activity by harmine was associated with the modulation of JNK. Harmine inhibited the LPS-induced serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, but only affected serine phosphorylation by poly(I:C) treatment. In vivo, harmine inhibited iNOS and COX-2 expression during endotoxemia. Collectively, the results show that harmine can be effective against infectious inflammation through modulation of NF-κB, JNK, and STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jung Jin
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngju Song
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Shik Park
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungGwan Lee
- Humanitas College, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kang
- Humanitas College, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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16
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Lagos J, Sagadiev S, Diaz J, Bozo JP, Guzman F, Stefani C, Zanlungo S, Acharya M, Yuseff MI. Autophagy Induced by Toll-like Receptor Ligands Regulates Antigen Extraction and Presentation by B Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233883. [PMID: 36497137 PMCID: PMC9741325 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The engagement of B cells with surface-tethered antigens triggers the formation of an immune synapse (IS), where the local secretion of lysosomes can facilitate antigen uptake. Lysosomes intersect with other intracellular processes, such as Toll-like Receptor (TLR) signaling and autophagy coordinating immune responses. However, the crosstalk between these processes and antigen presentation remains unclear. Here, we show that TLR stimulation induces autophagy in B cells and decreases their capacity to extract and present immobilized antigens. We reveal that TLR stimulation restricts lysosome repositioning to the IS by triggering autophagy-dependent degradation of GEF-H1, a Rho GTP exchange factor required for stable lysosome recruitment at the synaptic membrane. GEF-H1 degradation is not observed in B cells that lack αV integrins and are deficient in TLR-induced autophagy. Accordingly, these cells show efficient antigen extraction in the presence of TLR stimulation, confirming the role of TLR-induced autophagy in limiting antigen extraction. Overall, our results suggest that resources associated with autophagy regulate TLR and BCR-dependent functions, which can finetune antigen uptake by B cells. This work helps to understand the mechanisms by which B cells are activated by surface-tethered antigens in contexts of subjacent inflammation before antigen recognition, such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lagos
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Center of Immunology and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sara Sagadiev
- Center of Immunology and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Bozo
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzman
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Caroline Stefani
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Center of Immunology and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Yuseff
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence:
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17
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Helicobacter Pylori and Gastric Cancer Progression. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:383. [PMID: 36329283 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Sun S, Shen Y, Feng J. Association of toll-like receptors polymorphisms with COPD risk in Chinese population. Front Genet 2022; 13:955810. [PMID: 36386838 PMCID: PMC9643488 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.955810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported that the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are related with the progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to explore the association of TLRs single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and COPD risk. Methods: 170 COPD patients and 181 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. MassARRAY platform was used for genotyping seven tagging SNPs (TLR2: rs3804100, rs4696480, rs3804099; TLR3: rs3775290, rs3775291, rs5743305; TLR9: rs352140) of TLRs. The correlations between the SNPs and COPD risk were determined using logistic regression. Results: We found that the rs3775291 of TLR3 significant decreased the risk of COPD (TT versus CC: non-adjusted OR = 0.329, 95% CI = 0.123-0.879, p = 0.027). In the genetic models analysis, the rs3775291 was associated with a decreased effect of COPD based on the recessive model (TT versus CC/CT: non-adjusted OR = 0.377, 95% CI = 0.144-0.988 p = 0.047). The rs4696480 of TLR2 gene was associated with a decreased risk of COPD after adjustment by age and gender (TA versus AA: adjusted OR = 0.606, 95% CI = 0.376-0.975, p = 0.039). Conclusion: Our study showed that genetic variants in TLRs were associated with risk of COPD. The rs3775291 and rs4696480 may act as a potential biomarker for predicting the risk of COPD in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuehao Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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19
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Kong D, Hua X, Zhou R, Cui J, Wang T, Kong F, You H, Liu X, Adu-Amankwaah J, Guo G, Zheng K, Wu J, Tang R. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of MAF-1-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Mt6 and Its D-Enantiomer D-Mt6 against Acinetobacter baumannii by Targeting Cell Membranes and Lipopolysaccharide Interaction. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0131222. [PMID: 36190276 PMCID: PMC9603722 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01312-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is on the rise around the world, highlighting the urgent need for novel antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to effective protection against infections by pathogens, making them the most promising options for next-generation antibiotics. Here, we report two designed, cationic, antimicrobial-derived peptides: Mt6, and its dextroisomer D-Mt6, belonging to the analogs of MAF-1, which is isolated from the instar larvae of houseflies. Both Mt6 and D-Mt6 have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that is accompanied by strong antibacterial activities, especially against A. baumannii planktonic bacteria and biofilms. Additionally, the effect of D-Mt6 against A. baumannii is stable in a variety of physiological settings, including enzyme, salt ion, and hydrogen ion environments. Importantly, D-Mt6 cleans the bacteria on Caenorhabditis elegans without causing apparent toxicity and exhibits good activity in vivo. Both Mt6 and D-Mt6 demonstrated synergistic or additive capabilities with traditional antibiotics against A. baumannii, demonstrating their characteristics as potential complements to combination therapy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) experiments revealed that two analogs displayed rapid bactericidal activity by destroying cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells, these AMPs drastically decreased IL-1β and TNF-a gene expression and protein secretion, implying anti-inflammatory characteristics. This trait is likely due to its dual function of directly binding LPS and inhibiting the LPS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in macrophages. Our findings suggested that D-Mt6 could be further developed as a novel antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory agent and used in the treatment of A. baumannii infections. IMPORTANCE Around 700,000 people worldwide die each year from antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical specimens increases year by year, and it is developing a strong resistance to clinical drugs, which is resulting in A. baumannii becoming the main opportunistic pathogen. Antimicrobial peptides show great potential as new antibacterial drugs that can replace traditional antibiotics. In our study, Mt6 and D-Mt6, two new antimicrobial peptides, were designed based on a natural peptide that we first discovered in the hemlymphocytes of housefly larvae. Both Mt6 and D-Mt6 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, especially against A. baumannii, by damaging membrane integrity. Moreover, D-Mt6 showed better immunoregulatory activity against LPS induced inflammation through its LPS-neutralizing and suppression on MAPK signaling. This study suggested that D-Mt6 is a promising candidate drug as a derived peptide against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Guo Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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20
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Innate Immunity Mechanisms in Marine Multicellular Organisms. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090549. [PMID: 36135738 PMCID: PMC9505182 DOI: 10.3390/md20090549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides an adequate response to stress factors and pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), located on the surface of cell membranes and in the cytoplasm. Generally, the structures of PRRs are formed by several domains that are evolutionarily conserved, with a fairly high degree of homology in representatives of different species. The orthologs of TLRs, NLRs, RLRs and CLRs are widely represented, not only in marine chordates, but also in invertebrates. Study of the interactions of the most ancient marine multicellular organisms with microorganisms gives us an idea of the evolution of molecular mechanisms of protection against pathogens and reveals new functions of already known proteins in ensuring the body’s homeostasis. The review discusses innate immunity mechanisms of protection of marine invertebrate organisms against infections, using the examples of ancient multicellular hydroids, tunicates, echinoderms, and marine worms in the context of searching for analogies with vertebrate innate immunity. Due to the fact that mucous membranes first arose in marine invertebrates that have existed for several hundred million years, study of their innate immune system is both of fundamental importance in terms of understanding molecular mechanisms of host defense, and of practical application, including the search of new antimicrobial agents for subsequent use in medicine, veterinary and biotechnology.
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21
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Halimani N, Nesterchuk M, Andreichenko IN, Tsitrina AA, Elchaninov A, Lokhonina A, Fatkhudinov T, Dashenkova NO, Brezgina V, Zatsepin TS, Mikaelyan AS, Kotelevtsev YV. Phenotypic Alteration of BMDM In Vitro Using Small Interfering RNA. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162498. [PMID: 36010574 PMCID: PMC9406732 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous macrophage transfer is an emerging platform for cell therapy. It is anticipated that conventional macrophage reprogramming based on ex vivo polarization using cytokines and ligands of TLRs may enhance the therapeutic effect. We describe an alternative approach based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of selected molecular cues of macrophage polarization, namely EGR2, IRF3, IRF5, and TLR4 in Raw264.7 monocyte/macrophage cell line and mouse-bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The impact of IRF5 knockdown was most pronounced, curtailing the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and NOS2, especially in M1-polarized macrophages. Contrary to IRF5, EGR2 knockdown potentiated M1-associated markers while altogether abolishing M2 marker expression, which is indicative of the principal role of EGR2 in the maintenance of alternative phenotypes. IRF3 knockdown suppressed M1 polarization but upregulated Arg 1, a canonical marker of alternative polarization in M1 macrophages. As anticipated, the knockdown of TLR4 also attenuated the M1 phenotype but, akin to IRF3, significantly induced Arginase 1 in M0 and M1, driving the phenotype towards M2. This study validates RNAi as a viable option for the alteration and maintenance of macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Halimani
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Mikhail Nesterchuk
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Irina N. Andreichenko
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Tsitrina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Histology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia Lokhonina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Department of Histology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Nataliya O. Dashenkova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Vera Brezgina
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Timofei S. Zatsepin
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Arsen S. Mikaelyan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Kotelevtsev
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (Y.V.K.)
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22
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Redwan EM, Aljadawi AA, Uversky VN. Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Intrinsic Disorder in the Signaling Pathways Induced by Toll-Like Receptors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1091. [PMID: 36101469 PMCID: PMC9312352 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the interplay between protein intrinsic disorder, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and signaling pathways induced by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). To this end, 10 HCV proteins, 10 human TLRs, and 41 proteins from the TLR-induced downstream pathways were considered from the prevalence of intrinsic disorder. Mapping of the intrinsic disorder to the HCV-TLR interactome and to the TLR-based pathways of human innate immune response to the HCV infection demonstrates that substantial levels of intrinsic disorder are characteristic for proteins involved in the regulation and execution of these innate immunity pathways and in HCV-TLR interaction. Disordered regions, being commonly enriched in sites of various posttranslational modifications, may play important functional roles by promoting protein-protein interactions and support the binding of the analyzed proteins to other partners such as nucleic acids. It seems that this system represents an important illustration of the role of intrinsic disorder in virus-host warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.R.); (A.A.A.)
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Aljadawi
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.R.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.R.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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23
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Nguyen TP, Nguyen BT, Nan FH, Lee MC, Lee PT. TLR23, a fish-specific TLR, recruits MyD88 and TRIF to activate expression of a range of effectors in melanomacrophages in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:34-46. [PMID: 35598740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important food fish species that is mainly cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. However, microbial diseases have created various difficulties for this industry. The fundamental prerequisite for tackling disease outbreak prevention and disease resistance is to know how hosts' immune responses against invading microbes are initiated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital pattern recognition receptors and play pivotal roles in the cellular innate immunity defense that is able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In this study, Oreochromis niloticus TLR23 (OnTLR23) was cloned and bioinformatic analyses revealed that OnTLR23 is not an ortholog of mammalian TLR13 as previously suggested. The basal transcript level of OnTLR23 was found to be higher in the immune-related organs and was upregulated in the spleen and/or head kidney following Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae or poly I:C injections, and increased in the melanomacrophage-like tilapia head kidney (THK) cell line after LPS and zymosan stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that OnTLR23 locates mainly in the intracellular region in fish cells and the constitutively active form of OnTLR23 promotes the expression of molecules related to antigen presentation, proinflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and type I interferon in THK cells. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that OnTLR23 can interact with both OnMyD88 and OnTRIF, but not with OnTIRAP. A luciferase assay showed that the NF-κB activity was not elevated in the OnTLR23 overexpressed THK cells after treatment with ligand for TLR13 as well as other known purified bacterial-derived ligands of TLRs. Taken together, OnTLR23 is likely to recruit OnMyD88 and OnTRIF as adaptors to induce the expression of various effectors in melanomacrophages, but its corresponding ligand is an issue awaiting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Bao Trung Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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24
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Fibronectin Functions as a Selective Agonist for Distinct Toll-like Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132074. [PMID: 35805158 PMCID: PMC9265717 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of tumors is characterized by structural changes in the fibronectin matrix, which include increased deposition of the EDA isoform of fibronectin and the unfolding of the fibronectin Type III domains. The impact of these structural changes on tumor progression is not well understood. The fibronectin EDA (FnEDA) domain and the partially unfolded first Type III domain of fibronectin (FnIII-1c) have been identified as endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which induce innate immune responses by serving as agonists for Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Using two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, we show that FnEDA and FnIII-1c induce the pro-tumorigenic cytokine, IL-8, by serving as agonists for TLR5 and TLR2, the canonical receptors for bacterial flagellin and lipoprotein, respectively. We also find that FnIII-1c is not recognized by MDA-MB-468 cells but is recognized by MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting a cell type rather than ligand specific utilization of TLRs. As IL-8 plays a major role in the progression of TNBC, these studies suggest that tumor-induced structural changes in the fibronectin matrix promote an inflammatory microenvironment conducive to metastatic progression.
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25
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Li S, Xu H, Song M, Shaw BI, Li QJ, Kirk AD. IFI16-STING-NF-κB signaling controls exogenous mitochondrion-induced endothelial activation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1578-1592. [PMID: 35322536 PMCID: PMC9177674 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria released from injured cells activate endothelial cells (ECs), fostering inflammatory processes, including allograft rejection. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) senses endogenous mitochondrial DNA, triggering innate immune activation via NF-κB signaling. Here, we show that exogenous mitochondria exposure induces EC STING-NF-κB activation, promoting EC/effector memory T cell adhesion, which is abrogated by NF-κB and STING inhibitors. STING activation in mitochondrion-activated ECs is independent of canonical cGMP-AMP synthetase sensing/signaling, but rather is mediated by interferon gamma-inducible factor 16 (IFI16) and can be inhibited by IFI16 inhibition. Internalized mitochondria undergo mitofusion and STING-dependent mitophagy, leading to selective sequestration of internalized mitochondria. The exposure of donor hearts to exogenous mitochondria activates murine heart ECs in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that IFI16-STING-NF-κB signaling regulates exogenous mitochondrion-induced EC activation and mitophagy, and exogenous mitochondria foster T cell-mediated CoBRR. These data suggest a novel, donor-directed, therapeutic approach toward mitigating perioperative allograft immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - He Xu
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: He Xu, MD, Departments of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Edwin Jones Building Room 368, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: (919)684-4371,
| | - Mingqing Song
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian I Shaw
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Rimann I, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Baccala R, Kiosses WB, Teijaro JR, Parker CG, Li X, Beutler B, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. The solute carrier SLC15A4 is required for optimal trafficking of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and ligands to endolysosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200544119. [PMID: 35349343 PMCID: PMC9169117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200544119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A function-impairing mutation (feeble) or genomic deletion of SLC15A4 abolishes responses of nucleic acid–sensing endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and significantly reduces disease in mouse models of lupus. Here, we demonstrate disease reduction in homozygous and even heterozygous Slc15a4 feeble mutant BXSB male mice with a Tlr7 gene duplication. In contrast to SLC15A4, a function-impairing mutation of SLC15A3 did not diminish type I interferon (IFN-I) production by TLR-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), indicating divergence of function between these homologous SLC15 family members. Trafficking to endolysosomes and function of SLC15A4 were dependent on the Adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) complex. Importantly, SLC15A4 was required for trafficking and colocalization of nucleic acid–sensing TLRs and their ligands to endolysosomes and the formation of the LAMP2+VAMP3+ hybrid compartment in which IFN-I production is initiated. Collectively, these findings define mechanistic processes by which SLC15A4 controls endosomal TLR function and suggest that pharmacologic intervention to curtail the function of this transporter may be a means to treat lupus and other endosomal TLR-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Rimann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Roberto Baccala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - John R. Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Dwight H. Kono
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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27
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Park H, Park MS, Seok JH, You J, Kim J, Kim J, Park MS. Insights into the immune responses of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to COVID-19 vaccines. J Microbiol 2022; 60:308-320. [PMID: 35235179 PMCID: PMC8890016 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The three types of approved coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines that have been emergency-use listed (EUL) by the World Health Organization are mRNA vaccines, adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and inactivated vaccines. Canonical vaccine developments usually take years or decades to be completed to commercialization; however, the EUL vaccines being used in the current situation comprise several COVID-19 vaccine candidates applied in studies and clinical settings across the world. The extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic have necessitated the emergency authorization of these EUL vaccines, which have been rapidly developed. Although the benefits of the EUL vaccines outweigh their adverse effects, there have been reports of rare but fatal cases directly associated with COVID-19 vaccinations. Thus, a reassessment of the immunological rationale underlying EUL vaccines in relation to COVID-19 caused by SARSCOV-2 virus infection is now required. In this review, we discuss the manifestations of COVID-19, immunologically projected effects of EUL vaccines, reported immune responses, informed issues related to COVID-19 vaccination, and the potential strategies for future vaccine use against antigenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan You
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jineui Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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28
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El-Desoky Mohamady RE, Elwia SK, Abo El Wafa SM, Mohamed MA. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes and green tea polyphenols on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:147-163. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2039825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sania K. Elwia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Abo El Wafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mona Ataya Mohamed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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29
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Yang X, Ma L. Post‑treatment with propofol inhibits inflammatory response in LPS‑induced alveolar type II epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:249. [PMID: 35261621 PMCID: PMC8855515 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-inflammation and severe lung injury are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of patients with preexisting lung injury and inflammation are undergoing surgery or artificial ventilation under sedation in intensive care units, where 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol) is a commonly used drug for sedation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether post-inflammation treatment with propofol protects epithelial type II cells against inflammation in an in vitro model of inflammation. The A549 cell line, characterised as epithelial type II cells, were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2 h and subsequently treated with different concentrations of propofol (0, 10, 25 or 50 µM) for 3 h. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively, of CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the in situ CD14 and TLR4 expression in epithelial type II cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production was also examined using ELISA. LPS significantly increased the expression of CD14 and TLR4, as well as the secretion of TNF-α. Post-treatment with 25 and 50 µM propofol of the LPS-treated cells significantly decreased CD14 and TLR4 expression, as well as TNF-α secretion, compared with the cells treated with LPS only, indicating that post-treatment with propofol alleviated inflammation and this effect was dose-dependent. The present study suggested that treatment with propofol after LPS administration has a protective effect on epithelial type II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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30
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The Signal Peptide and Chaperone UNC93B1 Both Influence TLR8 Ectodomain Intracellular Endosomal Localization. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010014. [PMID: 35062674 PMCID: PMC8778924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is a single-stranded RNA sensing receptor and is localized in the cellular compartments, where it encounters foreign or self-nucleic acids and activates innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanism controlling intracellular localization TLR8 is not completely resolved. We previously revealed the intracellular localization of TLR8 ectodomain (ECD), and in this study, we investigated the mechanism of the intracellular localization. Here we found that TLR8 ECDs from different species as well as ECDs from different TLRs are all intracellularly localized, similarly to the full-length porcine TLR8. Furthermore, porcine, bovine, and human TLR8 ECDs are all localized in cell endosomes, reflecting the cellular localization of TLR8. Intriguingly, none of post-translational modifications at single sites, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and palmitoylation alter porcine TLR8-ECD endosomal localization. Nevertheless, the signal peptide of porcine TLR8-ECD determines its endosomal localization. On the other hand, signaling regulator UNC93B1 also decides the endosomal localization of porcine, bovine, and human TLR8 ECDs. The results from this study shed light on the mechanisms of not only TLR8 intracellular localization but also the TLR immune signaling.
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31
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Krammer S, Sicorschi Gutu C, Grund JC, Chiriac MT, Zirlik S, Finotto S. Regulation and Function of Interferon-Lambda (IFNλ) and Its Receptor in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731807. [PMID: 34899691 PMCID: PMC8660125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting people of all ages, especially children, worldwide. Origins of asthma are suggested to be placed in early life with heterogeneous clinical presentation, severity and pathophysiology. Exacerbations of asthma disease can be triggered by many factors, including viral respiratory tract infections. Rhinovirus (RV) induced respiratory infections are the predominant cause of the common cold and also play a crucial role in asthma development and exacerbations. Rhinovirus mainly replicates in epithelial cells lining the upper and lower respiratory tract. Type III interferons, also known as interferon-lambda (IFNλ), are potent immune mediators of resolution of infectious diseases but they are known to be involved in autoimmune diseases as well. The protective role of type III IFNs in antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal functions is of major importance for our innate immune system. The IFNλ receptor (IFNλR) is expressed in selected types of cells like epithelial cells, thus orchestrating a specific immune response at the site of viruses and bacteria entry into the body. In asthma, IFNλ restricts the development of TH2 cells, which are induced in the airways of asthmatic patients. Several studies described type III IFNs as the predominant type of interferon increased after infection caused by respiratory viruses. It efficiently reduces viral replication, viral spread into the lungs and viral transmission from infected to naive individuals. Several reports showed that bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects have a deficient response of type III interferon after RV infection ex vivo. Toll like Receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious agents, and induce the development of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. We recently discovered that activation of TLR7/8 resulted in enhanced IFNλ receptor mRNA expression in PBMCs of healthy and asthmatic children, opening new therapeutic frontiers for rhinovirus-induced asthma. This article reviews the recent advances of the literature on the regulated expression of type III Interferons and their receptor in association with rhinovirus infection in asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krammer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina Sicorschi Gutu
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina C Grund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mircea T Chiriac
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Zirlik
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Activation of Innate Immunity by Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413360. [PMID: 34948156 PMCID: PMC8704878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics have gained increased attention during recent decades because of their wide range of application prospects. Immunostimulatory nucleic acids represent a promising class of potential drugs for the treatment of tumoral and viral diseases due to their low toxicity and stimulation of the body’s own innate immunity by acting on the natural mechanisms of its activation. The repertoire of nucleic acids that directly interact with the components of the immune system is expanding with the improvement of both analytical methods and methods for the synthesis of nucleic acids and their derivatives. Despite the obvious progress in this area, the problem of delivering therapeutic acids to target cells as well as the unresolved issue of achieving a specific therapeutic effect based on activating the mechanism of interferon and anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. Minimizing the undesirable effects of excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines remains an unsolved task. This review examines recent data on the types of immunostimulatory nucleic acids, the receptors interacting with them, and the mechanisms of immunity activation under the action of these molecules. Finally, data on immunostimulatory nucleic acids in ongoing and completed clinical trials will be summarized.
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33
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Sugiyama MG, Cui H, Redka DS, Karimzadeh M, Rujas E, Maan H, Hayat S, Cheung K, Misra R, McPhee JB, Viirre RD, Haller A, Botelho RJ, Karshafian R, Sabatinos SA, Fairn GD, Madani Tonekaboni SA, Windemuth A, Julien JP, Shahani V, MacKinnon SS, Wang B, Antonescu CN. Multiscale interactome analysis coupled with off-target drug predictions reveals drug repurposing candidates for human coronavirus disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23315. [PMID: 34857794 PMCID: PMC8640055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for the identification of new antiviral drug therapies for a variety of diseases. COVID-19 is caused by infection with the human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, while other related human coronaviruses cause diseases ranging from severe respiratory infections to the common cold. We developed a computational approach to identify new antiviral drug targets and repurpose clinically-relevant drug compounds for the treatment of a range of human coronavirus diseases. Our approach is based on graph convolutional networks (GCN) and involves multiscale host-virus interactome analysis coupled to off-target drug predictions. Cell-based experimental assessment reveals several clinically-relevant drug repurposing candidates predicted by the in silico analyses to have antiviral activity against human coronavirus infection. In particular, we identify the MET inhibitor capmatinib as having potent and broad antiviral activity against several coronaviruses in a MET-independent manner, as well as novel roles for host cell proteins such as IRAK1/4 in supporting human coronavirus infection, which can inform further drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haotian Cui
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Edurne Rujas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hassaan Maan
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kyle Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rahul Misra
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph B McPhee
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell D Viirre
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Haller
- Phoenox Pharma, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raffi Karshafian
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah A Sabatinos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Bo Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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34
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Haire A, Bai J, Zhao X, Song Y, Zhao G, Dilixiati A, Li J, Sun WQ, Wan P, Fu X, Wusiman A. Identifying the heat resistant genes by multi-tissue transcriptome sequencing analysis in Turpan Black sheep. Theriogenology 2021; 179:78-86. [PMID: 34844083 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress not only affects the physical condition but also affects reproductive performance in sheep. A thorough understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying heat stress would certainly improve livestock productivity and provide genetic evaluation ways for heat resistant breeds selection. In this study, 85 Turpan Black sheep, a breed exhibited excellent heat resistance from long-term artificial selection, and 85 heat sensitive Kazakh sheep in Turpan basin were tested for physiological and reproductive performance from July to August in summer. The results showed that the estrus rate was significantly higher in Turpan Black sheep (P < 0.05), while the heart rate and respiratory rate of Turpan Black sheep are significantly lower than that of Kazakh sheep (P < 0.05). Furthermore, to clarify genes participated in heat stress response, the pituitary, ovarian and hepatic tissues from three Turpan Black sheep and three Kazakh sheep were subjected to RNA-seq. The results indicated that 32, 49 and 69 genes were up-regulated, and 39, 60 and 145 genes were down-regulated in pituitary, ovarian and hepatic tissues in Turpan Black sheep compared with that of the Kazakh sheep, respectively. KEGG and gene set enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in signal transduction pathways. In particular, the differentially expressed genes in hepar were enriched in the energy metabolism pathway, while the differentially expressed genes in ovarian tissue were enriched in the ovarium steroidogenesis pathway. In conclusion, our results implied that the pituitary-ovary axis might include hepar as downstream targeted organism in heat resistant regulation. Under heat stress, the signals released from pituitary would impact steroidogenesis in ovary, and further alter energy metabolism in hepar. As we know, this is the first comparative study to investigate the gene expression in multi-tissue in sheep under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aerman Haire
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jiachen Bai
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihhotze, 832000, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yukun Song
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Airixiati Dilixiati
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wendell Q Sun
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Pengcheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihhotze, 832000, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihhotze, 832000, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Abulizi Wusiman
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
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35
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Patel M, Shahjin F, Cohen JD, Hasan M, Machhi J, Chugh H, Singh S, Das S, Kulkarni TA, Herskovitz J, Meigs DD, Chandra R, Hettie KS, Mosley RL, Kevadiya BD, Gendelman HE. The Immunopathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab035. [PMID: 34160586 PMCID: PMC8632753 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus-specific immunity controls infection, transmission and disease severity. With respect to disease severity, a spectrum of clinical outcomes occur associated with age, genetics, comorbidities and immune responses in an infected person. Dysfunctions in innate and adaptive immunity commonly follow viral infection. These are heralded by altered innate mononuclear phagocyte differentiation, activation, intracellular killing and adaptive memory, effector, and regulatory T cell responses. All of such affect viral clearance and the progression of end-organ disease. Failures to produce effective controlled antiviral immunity leads to life-threatening end-organ disease that is typified by the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The most effective means to contain SARS-CoV-2 infection is by vaccination. While an arsenal of immunomodulators were developed for control of viral infection and subsequent COVID-19 disease, further research is required to enable therapeutic implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Farah Shahjin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heerak Chugh
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tanmay A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Douglas D Meigs
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology –Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
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Losada Méndez J, Palomares F, Gómez F, Ramírez-López P, Ramos-Soriano J, Torres MJ, Mayorga C, Rojo J. Immunomodulatory Response of Toll-like Receptor Ligand-Peptide Conjugates in Food Allergy. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2651-2664. [PMID: 34761908 PMCID: PMC8609526 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Covalent conjugation
of allergens to toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists
appears to be a powerful strategy for the development of safety compounds
for allergen-specific immunomodulatory response toward tolerance in
allergy. In this work, we have synthesized two family of ligands,
an 8-oxoadenine derivative as a ligand for TLR7 and a pyrimido[5,4-b]indole as a ligand for TLR4, both conjugated with a T-cell
peptide of Pru p 3 allergen, the lipid transfer protein (LTP) responsible
for LTP-dependent food allergy. These conjugates interact with dendritic
cells, inducing their specific maturation, T-cell proliferation, and
cytokine production in peach allergic patients. Moreover, they increased
the Treg-cell frequencies in these patients and could induce the IL-10
production. These outcomes were remarkable in the case of the TLR7
ligand conjugated with Pru p 3, opening the door for the potential
application of these allergen–adjuvant systems in food allergy
immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Losada Méndez
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC─Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Gómez
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramírez-López
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC─Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC─Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009 Malaga, Spain
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC─Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
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37
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Getachew A, Hussain M, Huang X, Li Y. Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in liver pathophysiology. Life Sci 2021; 284:119941. [PMID: 34508761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are among the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite current achievements in the area of hepatitis virus, chronic alcohol abuse and high-fat diet are still fueling an epidemic of severe liver disease, for which, an effective therapy has yet not been discovered. In particular, the therapeutic regimens that could prevent the progression of fibrosis and, in turn, aid cirrhotic liver to develop a robust regenerative capability are intensively needed. To this context, a better understanding of the signaling pathways regulating hepatic disease development may be of critical value. In general, the liver responds to various insults with an orchestrated healing process involving variety of signaling pathways. One such pathway is the TLR2 signaling pathway, which essentially regulates adult liver pathogenesis and thus has emerged as an attractive target to treat liver disease. TLR2 is expressed by different liver cells, including Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatocytes, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). From a pathologic perspective, the crosstalk between antigens and TLR2 may preferentially trigger a distinctive set of signaling mechanisms in these liver cells and, thereby, induce the production of inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines that can initiate and prolong liver inflammation, ultimately leading to fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence regarding the role of TLR2 signaling in hepatic disease progression. We first elaborate its pathological involvement in liver-disease states, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. We then discuss how therapeutic targeting of this pathway may help to alleviate its disease-related functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Getachew
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Muzammal Hussain
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xinping Huang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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38
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Xun Y, Yang H, Kaminska B, You H. Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:176. [PMID: 34715891 PMCID: PMC8555307 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma represents a fast proliferating and highly invasive brain tumor which is resistant to current therapies and invariably recurs. Despite some advancements in anti-glioma therapies, patients’ prognosis remains poor. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as the first line of defense in the immune system being the detectors of those associated with bacteria, viruses, and danger signals. In the glioma microenvironment, TLRs are expressed on both immune and tumor cells, playing dual roles eliciting antitumoral (innate and adaptive immunity) and protumoral (cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glioma stem cell maintenance) responses. Up to date, several TLR-targeting therapies have been developed aiming at glioma bulk and stem cells, infiltrating immune cells, the immune checkpoint axis, among others. While some TLR agonists exhibited survival benefit in clinical trials, it attracts more attention when they are involved in combinatorial treatment with radiation, chemotherapy, immune vaccination, and immune checkpoint inhibition in glioma treatment. TLR agonists can be used as immune modulators to enhance the efficacy of other treatment, to avoid dose accumulation, and what brings more interests is that they can potentiate immune checkpoint delayed resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by upregulating PD-1/PD-L1 overexpression, thus unleash powerful antitumor responses when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we focus on recent developments and clinical trials exploring TLR-based treatment to provide a picture of the relationship between TLR and glioma and their implications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xun
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
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39
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the primary etiologic factor that induces events in the immune system that lead to peptic ulcers. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important part of the innate immune system, as they play pivotal roles in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition of HP as well host-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent advancements such as COX-2 production, LPS recognition through TLR2, CagL, and CagY protein of HP activating TLR5, TLR9 activation via type IV secretion system (T4SS) using DNA transfer, TLR polymorphisms, their adaptor molecules, cytokines, and other factors play a significant role in PUD. Thus, some novel PUD treatments including Chuyou Yuyang granules, function by TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway suppression and TNF-α and IL-18 inhibition also rely on TLR signaling. Similarly glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) treatment activates TLR-4 in Ana-1 cells not via TRIF, but via MYD88 expression, which is significantly upregulated to cure PUD. Therefore, understanding TLR signaling complexity and its resultant immune modulation after host-pathogen interactions is pivotal to drug and vaccine development for other diseases as well including cancer and recent pandemic COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the TLRs and HP interaction; its pathophysiology-related signaling pathways, polymorphisms, and pharmaceutical approaches toward PUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Narayan Nepal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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40
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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): Structure, Functions, Signaling, and Role of Their Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1157023. [PMID: 34552981 PMCID: PMC8452412 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1157023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the important mediators of inflammatory pathways in the gut which play a major role in mediating the immune responses towards a wide variety of pathogen-derived ligands and link adaptive immunity with the innate immunity. Numerous studies in different populations across the continents have reported on the significant roles of TLR gene polymorphisms in modulating the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is one of the major malignancies affecting the worldwide population and is currently ranking the third most common cancer in the world. In this review, we have attempted to discuss the structure, functions, and signaling of TLRs in comprehensive detail together with the role played by various TLR gene SNPs in CRC susceptibility.
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41
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Stimulus-specific responses in innate immunity: Multilayered regulatory circuits. Immunity 2021; 54:1915-1932. [PMID: 34525335 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune sentinel cells initiate immune responses to pathogens and tissue injury and are capable of producing highly stimulus-specific responses. Insight into the mechanisms underlying such specificity has come from the identification of regulatory factors and biochemical pathways, as well as the definition of signaling circuits that enable combinatorial and temporal coding of information. Here, we review the multi-layered molecular mechanisms that underlie stimulus-specific gene expression in macrophages. We categorize components of inflammatory and anti-pathogenic signaling pathways into five layers of regulatory control and discuss unifying mechanisms determining signaling characteristics at each layer. In this context, we review mechanisms that enable combinatorial and temporal encoding of information, identify recurring regulatory motifs and principles, and present strategies for integrating experimental and computational approaches toward the understanding of signaling specificity in innate immunity.
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42
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Brox R, Hackstein H. Physiologically relevant aspirin concentrations trigger immunostimulatory cytokine production by human leukocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254606. [PMID: 34428217 PMCID: PMC8384208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid is a globally used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with diverse pharmacological properties, although its mechanism of immune regulation during inflammation (especially at in vivo relevant doses) remains largely speculative. Given the increase in clinical perspective of Acetylsalicylic acid in various diseases and cancer prevention, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory role of physiological Acetylsalicylic acid concentrations (0.005, 0.02 and 0.2 mg/ml) in a human whole blood of infection-induced inflammation. We describe a simple, highly reliable whole blood assay using an array of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 1–9 in order to systematically explore the immunomodulatory activity of Acetylsalicylic acid plasma concentrations in physiologically relevant conditions. Release of inflammatory cytokines and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined directly in plasma supernatant. Experiments demonstrate for the first time that plasma concentrations of Acetylsalicylic acid significantly increased TLR ligand-triggered IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, indomethacin did not exhibit this capacity, whereas cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective NSAID, celecoxib, induced a similar pattern like Acetylsalicylic acid, suggesting a possible relevance of COX-2. Accordingly, we found that exogenous addition of COX downstream product, PGE2, attenuates the TLR ligand-mediated cytokine secretion by augmenting production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low PGE2 levels were at least involved in the enhanced IL-1β production by Acetylsalicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Brox
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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43
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Chi M, Ma K, Li Y, Quan M, Han Z, Ding Z, Liang X, Zhang Q, Song L, Liu C. Immunological Involvement of MicroRNAs in the Key Events of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699684. [PMID: 34408748 PMCID: PMC8365877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an archetype autoimmune disease characterized by a myriad of immunoregulatory abnormalities that drives injury to multiple tissues and organs. Due to the involvement of various immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and related signaling pathways, researchers have spent a great deal of effort to clarify the complex etiology and pathogenesis of SLE. Nevertheless, current understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE is still in the early stages, and available nonspecific treatment options for SLE patients remain unsatisfactory. First discovered in 1993, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that control the expression of 1/3 of human genes at the post-transcriptional level and play various roles in gene regulation. The aberrant expression of miRNAs in SLE patients has been intensively studied, and further studies have suggested that these miRNAs may be potentially relevant to abnormal immune responses and disease progression in SLE. The aim of this review was to summarize the specific miRNAs that have been observed aberrantly expressed in several important pathogenetic processes in SLE, such as DCs abnormalities, overactivation and autoantibody production of B cells, aberrant activation of CD4+ T cells, breakdown of immune tolerance, and abnormally increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Our summary highlights a novel perspective on the intricate regulatory network of SLE, which helps to enrich our understanding of this disorder and ignite future interest in evaluating the molecular regulation of miRNAs in autoimmunity SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Chi
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yunlong Li
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Quan
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaolun Ding
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
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44
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Liu WH, Wang F, Yu XQ, Wu H, Gong ML, Chen R, Zhang WJ, Han RQ, Liu AJ, Chen YM, Han DS. Damaged male germ cells induce epididymitis in mice. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:472-480. [PMID: 31696835 PMCID: PMC7523604 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_116_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epididymitis can be caused by infectious and noninfectious etiological factors. While microbial infections are responsible for infectious epididymitis, the etiological factors contributing to noninfectious epididymitis remain to be defined. The present study demonstrated that damaged male germ cells (DMGCs) induce epididymitis in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of the alkylating agent busulfan damaged murine male germ cells. Epididymitis was observed in mice 4 weeks after the injection of busulfan and was characterized by massive macrophage infiltration. Epididymitis was coincident with an accumulation of DMGCs in the epididymis. In contrast, busulfan injection into mice lacking male germ cells did not induce epididymitis. DMGCs induced innate immune responses in epididymal epithelial cells (EECs), thereby upregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as the chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-5 (MCP-5), and chemokine ligand-10 (CXCL10). These results suggest that male germ cell damage may induce noninfectious epididymitis through the induction of innate immune responses in EECs. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying noninfectious epididymitis, which might aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mao-Lei Gong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui-Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ai-Jie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yong-Mei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dai-Shu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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45
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Li P, Chang M. Roles of PRR-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147688. [PMID: 34299310 PMCID: PMC8306625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has shown that oxidative stress is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous reviews have highlighted inflammatory signaling pathways, biomarkers, molecular targets, and pathogenetic functions mediated by oxidative stress in various diseases. The inflammatory signaling cascades are initiated through the recognition of host cell-derived damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and microorganism-derived pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this review, the effects of PRRs from the Toll-like (TLRs), the retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and the NOD-like (NLRs) families, and the activation of these signaling pathways in regulating the production of ROS and/or oxidative stress are summarized. Furthermore, important directions for future studies, especially for pathogen-induced signaling pathways through oxidative stress are also reviewed. The present review will highlight potential therapeutic strategies relevant to inflammatory diseases based on the correlations between ROS regulation and PRRs-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Mingxian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-6878-0760
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Zhang Q, Liu M, Li L, Chen M, Puno PT, Bao W, Zheng H, Wen X, Cheng H, Fung H, Wong T, Zhao Z, Lyu A, Han Q, Sun H. Cordyceps polysaccharide marker CCP modulates immune responses via highly selective TLR4/MyD88/p38 axis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 271:118443. [PMID: 34364580 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps, one of the most expensive natural health supplements, is popularly used to modulate immune function. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism of its immunomodulatory activity. We newly reported a Cordyceps quality marker CCP (Mw 433.778 kDa) which was characterized as a 1,4-α glucan by chemical and spectral analysis and is able to induce significant immune responses of macrophages. Herein, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of CCP's immunomodulatory effects. The results indicate that CCP modulates the TLR4/MyD88/p38 signaling pathway of macrophages, where TLR4 plays a crucial role as verified on TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and TLR4-/- mice. These findings provide a precise understanding of the molecular mechanism of Cordyceps' immunomodulatory benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pema Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wanrong Bao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongming Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hauyee Fung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tinlong Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Quanbin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Handong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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47
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Wong AO, Marthi M, Haag A, Owusu IA, Wobus CE, Swanson JA. Macrophage inflammatory state influences susceptibility to lysosomal damage. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:629-639. [PMID: 34259355 PMCID: PMC8758784 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0520-325rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages possess mechanisms for reinforcing the integrity of their endolysosomes against damage. This property, termed inducible renitence, was previously observed in murine macrophages stimulated with LPS, peptidoglycan, IFNγ, or TNFα, which suggested roles for renitence in macrophage resistance to infection by membrane‐damaging pathogens. This study analyzed additional inducers of macrophage differentiation for their ability to increase resistance to lysosomal damage by membrane‐damaging particles. Renitence was evident in macrophages activated with LPS plus IFNγ, PGE2, or adenosine, and in macrophages stimulated with IFN‐β, but not in macrophages activated with IL‐4 or IL‐10. These responses indicated roles for macrophage subtypes specialized in host defense and suppression of immune responses, but not those involved in wound healing. Consistent with this pattern, renitence could be induced by stimulation with agonists for TLR, which required the signaling adaptors MyD88 and/or TRIF, and by infection with murine norovirus‐1. Renitence induced by LPS was dependent on cytokine secretion by macrophages. However, no single secreted factor could explain all the induced responses. Renitence induced by the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) was mediated in part by the type I IFN response, but renitence induced by Pam3CSK4 (TLR2/1), LPS (TLR4), IFNγ, or TNFα was independent of type 1 IFN signaling. Thus, multiple pathways for inducing macrophage resistance to membrane damage exist and depend on the particular microbial stimulus sensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matangi Marthi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda Haag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Irene A Owusu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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48
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Rajpoot S, Wary KK, Ibbott R, Liu D, Saqib U, Thurston TLM, Baig MS. TIRAP in the Mechanism of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697588. [PMID: 34305934 PMCID: PMC8297548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) represents a key intracellular signalling molecule regulating diverse immune responses. Its capacity to function as an adaptor molecule has been widely investigated in relation to Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune signalling. Since the discovery of TIRAP in 2001, initial studies were mainly focused on its role as an adaptor protein that couples Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) with TLRs, to activate MyD88-dependent TLRs signalling. Subsequent studies delineated TIRAP’s role as a transducer of signalling events through its interaction with non-TLR signalling mediators. Indeed, the ability of TIRAP to interact with an array of intracellular signalling mediators suggests its central role in various immune responses. Therefore, continued studies that elucidate the molecular basis of various TIRAP-protein interactions and how they affect the signalling magnitude, should provide key information on the inflammatory disease mechanisms. This review summarizes the TIRAP recruitment to activated receptors and discusses the mechanism of interactions in relation to the signalling that precede acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we highlighted the significance of TIRAP-TIR domain containing binding sites for several intracellular inflammatory signalling molecules. Collectively, we discuss the importance of the TIR domain in TIRAP as a key interface involved in protein interactions which could hence serve as a therapeutic target to dampen the extent of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Rajpoot
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel Ibbott
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.,School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States.,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Teresa L M Thurston
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
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49
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Varshney D, Qiu SY, Graf TP, McHugh KJ. Employing Drug Delivery Strategies to Overcome Challenges Using TLR7/8 Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:90. [PMID: 34181117 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a potential target for cancer immunotherapy due to their role in the activation of the innate immune system. More specifically, TLR7 and TLR8, two structurally similar pattern recognition receptors that trigger interferon and cytokine responses, have proven to be therapeutically relevant targets for cancer in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. When triggered by an agonist, such as imiquimod or resiquimod, the TLR7/8 activation pathway induces cellular and humoral immune responses that can kill cancer cells with high specificity. Unfortunately, TLR7/8 agonists also present a number of issues that must be overcome prior to broad clinical implementation, such as poor drug solubility and systemic toxic effects. To overcome the key limitations of TLR7/8 agonists as a cancer therapy, biomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been developed. These delivery devices are highly diverse in their design and include systems that can be directly administered to the tumor, passively accumulated in relevant cancerous and lymph tissues, triggered by environmental stimuli, or actively targeted to specific physiological areas and cellular populations. In addition to improved delivery systems, recent studies have also demonstrated the potential benefits of TLR7/8 agonist co-delivery with other types of therapies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and chemotherapeutics, which can yield impressive anti-cancer effects. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of TLR7/8 agonist delivery systems and provide perspective on promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Varshney
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Sherry Yue Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Tyler P Graf
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
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50
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Chen CY, Hung YF, Tsai CY, Shih YC, Chou TF, Lai MZ, Wang TF, Hsueh YP. Transcriptomic Analysis and C-Terminal Epitope Tagging Reveal Differential Processing and Signaling of Endogenous TLR3 and TLR7. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686060. [PMID: 34211474 PMCID: PMC8240634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is critical for defense against pathogenic infection, as well as for modulating tissue development. Activation of different TLRs triggers common inflammatory responses such as cytokine induction. Here, we reveal differential impacts of TLR3 and TLR7 signaling on transcriptomic profiles in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Apart from self-regulation, TLR3, but not TLR7, induced expression of other TLRs, suggesting that TLR3 activation globally enhances innate immunity. Moreover, we observed diverse influences of TLR3 and TLR7 signaling on genes involved in methylation, caspase and autophagy pathways. We compared endogenous TLR3 and TLR7 by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock in a dual Myc-HA tag at the 3’ ends of mouse Tlr3 and Tlr7. Using anti-HA antibodies to detect endogenous tagged TLR3 and TLR7, we found that both TLRs display differential tissue expression and posttranslational modifications. C-terminal tagging did not impair TLR3 activity. However, it disrupted the interaction between TLR7 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), the Tir domain-containing adaptor of TLR7, which blocked its downstream signaling necessary to trigger cytokine and chemokine expression. Our study demonstrates different properties for TLR3 and TLR7, and also provides useful mouse models for further investigation of these two RNA-sensing TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fen Hung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Chou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Zong Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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