1
|
Missimer TM, MacDonald JH, Tsegaye S, Thomas S, Teaf CM, Covert D, Kassis ZR. Natural Background and the Anthropogenic Enrichment of Mercury in the Southern Florida Environment: A Review with a Discussion on Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:118. [PMID: 38276812 PMCID: PMC10815244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that is easily released into the atmosphere as a gas or a particulate. Since Hg has serious health impacts based on human exposure, it is a major concern where it accumulates. Southern Florida is a region of high Hg deposition in the United States. It has entered the southern Florida environment for over 56 MY. For the past 3000 to 8000 years, Hg has accumulated in the Everglades peatlands, where approximately 42.3 metric tons of Hg was deposited. The pre-industrial source of mercury that was deposited into the Everglades was from the atmosphere, consisting of combined Saharan dust and marine evasion. Drainage and the development of the Everglades for agriculture, and other mixed land uses have caused a 65.7% reduction in the quantity of peat, therefore releasing approximately 28 metric tons of Hg into the southern Florida environment over a period of approximately 133 years. Both natural and man-made fires have facilitated the Hg release. The current range in mercury release into the southern Florida environment lies between 994.9 and 1249 kg/yr. The largest source of Hg currently entering the Florida environment is from combined atmospheric sources, including Saharan dust, aerosols, sea spray, and ocean flux/evasion at 257.1-514.2 kg/yr. The remobilization of Hg from the Everglades peatlands and fires is approximately 215 kg/yr. Other large contributors include waste to energy incinerators (204.1 kg/yr), medical waste and crematory incinerators (159.7+ kg/yr), and cement plant stack discharge (150.6 kg/yr). Minor emissions include fuel emissions from motorized vehicles, gas emissions from landfills, asphalt plants, and possible others. No data are available on controlled fires in the Everglades in sugar farming, which is lumped with the overall peatland loss of Hg to the environment. Hg has impacted wildlife in southern Florida with recorded excess concentrations in fish, birds, and apex predators. This bioaccumulation of Hg in animals led to the adoption of regulations (total maximum loads) to reduce the impacts on wildlife and warnings were given to consumers to avoid the consumption of fish that are considered to be contaminated. The deposition of atmospheric Hg in southern Florida has not been studied sufficiently to ascertain where it has had the greatest impacts. Hg has been found to accumulate on willow tree leaves in a natural environment in one recent study. No significant studies of the potential impacts on human health have been conducted in southern Florida, which should be started based on the high rates of Hg fallout in rainfall and known recycling for organic sediments containing high concentrations of Hg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Missimer
- U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - James H. MacDonald
- Environmental Geology Program & Honors College, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - Seneshaw Tsegaye
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - Serge Thomas
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Teaf
- Institute for Science & Public Affairs, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| | - Douglas Covert
- Hazardous Substance & Waste Management Research, 2976 Wellington Circle West, Tallahassee, FL 32309, USA;
| | - Zoie R. Kassis
- U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scuvée D, Goñi-Urriza M, Gassie C, Khalfaoui-Hassani B, Guyoneaud R. Consortia cultivation of the Desulfobacterota from macrophyte periphyton: tool for increasing the cultivation of microorganisms involved in mercury methylation. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127415. [PMID: 37247586 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Invasive macrophytes are a persistent environmental problem in aquatic ecosystems. They also cause potential health issues, since periphyton colonizing their aquatic roots are hot spot of mercury methylation. Because periphytons are at the base of the trophic chain, the produced methylmercury is bioamplified through the food webs. In this work, a consortia cultivation approach was applied in order to investigate methylators in the periphyton of Ludwigia sp., an invasive macrophyte. Five growth conditions were used in order to favor the growth of different sulfate reducers, the major mercury methylators in this periphyton. A total of 33 consortia containing putative Hg methylators were obtained. Based on the amino acid sequences of HgcA (essential enzyme for Hg methylation), the obtained consortia could be subdivided into five main clusters, affiliated with Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfobulbaceae and Syntrophobacteraceae. The main cluster, related to Desulfovibrionaceae, showed the highest sequence diversity; notwithstanding most of the sequences of this cluster showed no close representatives. Through the consortia approach, species thus far uncultivated were cultivated. The successful cultivation of these species was probably possible through the metabolites produced by other members of the consortium. The analysis of the microbial composition of the consortia uncover certain microbial interactions that may exist within this complex environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diva Scuvée
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Environmental Microbiology and Chemistry, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Marisol Goñi-Urriza
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Environmental Microbiology and Chemistry, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Claire Gassie
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Environmental Microbiology and Chemistry, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Bahia Khalfaoui-Hassani
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Environmental Microbiology and Chemistry, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Environmental Microbiology and Chemistry, 64000 Pau, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El Youssfi M, Sifou A, Ben Aakame R, Mahnine N, Arsalane S, Halim M, Laghzizil A, Zinedine A. Trace elements in Foodstuffs from the Mediterranean Basin-Occurrence, Risk Assessment, Regulations, and Prevention strategies: A review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2597-2626. [PMID: 35754061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) are chemical compounds that naturally occur in the earth's crust and in living organisms at low concentrations. Anthropogenic activities can significantly increase the level of TEs in the environment and finally enter the food chain. Toxic TEs like cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury have no positive role in a biological system and can cause harmful effects on human health. Ingestion of contaminated food is a typical route of TEs intake by humans. Recent data about the occurrence of TEs in food available in the Mediterranean countries are considered in this review. Analytical methods are also discussed. Furthermore, a discussion of existing international agency regulations will be given. The risk associated with the dietary intake of TEs was estimated by considering consumer exposure and threshold values such as Benchmark dose lower confidence limit and provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, respectively. Finally, several remediation approaches to minimize TE contamination in foodstuffs were discussed including chemical, biological, biotechnological, and nanotechnological methods. The results of this study proved the occurrence of TEs contamination at high levels in vegetables and fish from some Mediterranean countries. Lead and cadmium are more abundant in foodstuffs than other toxic trace elements. Geographical variations in TE contamination of food crops clearly appear, with a greater risk in developing countries. There is still a need for the regular monitoring of these toxic element levels in food items to ensure consumer protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad El Youssfi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha Sifou
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ben Aakame
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Mahnine
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Arsalane
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Halim
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Laghzizil
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- BIOMARE Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Route Ben Maachou, PO Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh AD, Khanna K, Kour J, Dhiman S, Bhardwaj T, Devi K, Sharma N, Kumar P, Kapoor N, Sharma P, Arora P, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R. Critical review on biogeochemical dynamics of mercury (Hg) and its abatement strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:137917. [PMID: 36706814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is among the naturally occurring heavy metal with elemental, organic, and inorganic distributions in the environment. Being considered a global pollutant, high pools of Hg-emissions ranging from >6000 to 8000 Mg Hg/year get accumulated by the natural and anthropogenic activities in the atmosphere. These toxicants have high persistence, toxicity, and widespread contamination in the soil, water, and air resources. Hg accumulation inside the plant parts amplifies the traces of toxic elements in the linking food chains, leads to Hg exposure to humans, and acts as a potential genotoxic, neurotoxic and carcinogenic entity. However, excessive Hg levels are equally toxic to the plant system and severely disrupt the physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Thus, a plausible link between Hg-concentration and its biogeochemical behavior is highly imperative to analyze the plant-soil interactions. Therefore, it is requisite to bring these toxic contaminants in between the acceptable limits to safeguard the environment. Plants efficiently incorporate or absorb the bioavailable Hg from the soil thus a constructive understanding of Hg uptake, translocation/sequestration involving specific heavy metal transporters, and detoxification mechanisms are drawn. Whereas recent investigations in biological remediation of Hg provide insights into the potential associations between the plants and microbes. Furthermore, intense research on Hg-induced antioxidants, protein networks, metabolic mechanisms, and signaling pathways is required to understand these bioremediations techniques. This review sheds light on the mercury (Hg) sources, pollution, biogeochemical cycles, its uptake, translocation, and detoxification methods with respect to its molecular approaches in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dev Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shalini Dhiman
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Tamanna Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kamini Devi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neerja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Nitika Kapoor
- P.G. Department of Botany, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research, MIT-ADT University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priya Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu BY, Chen IW, Chen PW, Chen TY, Hwang DF. Risk assessment of methylmercury and species identification in shark meats ingested by Taiwan children. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques in the Determination of Trace Elements in Food: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040895. [PMID: 36832970 PMCID: PMC9956155 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Every human being needs around 20 essential elements to maintain proper physiological processes. However, trace elements are classified as beneficial, essential, or toxic for living organisms. Some trace elements are considered essential elements for the human body in adequate quantities (dietary reference intakes, DRIs), while others have undetermined biological functions and are considered undesirable substances or contaminants. Pollution with trace elements is becoming a great concern since they can affect biological functions or accumulate in organs, causing adverse effects and illnesses such as cancer. These pollutants are being discarded in our soils, waters, and the food supply chain due to several anthropogenic factors. This review mainly aims to provide a clear overview of the commonly used methods and techniques in the trace element analysis of food from sample preparations, namely, ashing techniques, separation/extraction methods, and analytical techniques. Ashing is the first step in trace element analysis. Dry ashing or wet digestion using strong acids at high pressure in closed vessels are used to eliminate the organic matter. Separation and pre-concentration of elements is usually needed before proceeding with the analytical techniques to eliminate the interferences and ameliorate the detection limits.
Collapse
|
7
|
Skibniewska EM, Skibniewski M. The Total Mercury Concentration in Organs of Eurasian Magpies ( Pica pica) and Common Woodpigeons ( Columba palumbus) from the Warsaw Municipal Area. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:575. [PMID: 36830362 PMCID: PMC9951639 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic element widely distributed in the natural environment, affecting animals' health. It is released into the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The present study analyzed the mercury concentrations in liver, kidney, heart and muscle tissue in two species of birds from the Warsaw area, which were used as bioindicators of local environmental pollution with this metal. The mercury content in the examined samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) utilizing automatic mercury analyzer type AMA 254. The highest mercury content was found in the body of Eurasian magpies, in which it was 0.025; 0.021; 0.006; 0.0037 and 0.029 mg kg-1 of tissue wet weight for kidney, liver, heart, thigh muscles and pectoral muscles, respectively. In the case of common woodpigeons, the content of this metal was significantly lower, amounting to 0.007; 0.005; 0.002; 0.001 and 0.001 mg∙kg-1 wet weight for kidney, liver, heart, thigh muscles and pectoral muscles, respectively. In light of data from the available literature, the values obtained should be considered low, not causing a risk to animal health. The results obtained indicate low environmental exposure to this element.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M. Skibniewska
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego Street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Skibniewski
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar Rai R, Shankar Pati R, Islam A, Roy G. Detoxification of organomercurials by thiones and selones: A short review. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Boukoufi C, Boudier A, Maincent P, Vigneron J, Clarot I. Food-inspired innovations to improve the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121881. [PMID: 35680111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food-processing and pharmaceutical industries share a lot of stability issues against the same physical, chemical, and microbiological phenomena. They also share some solutions to improve the stability as the use of preservatives and packaging. Ecological concerns lead to the development of tremendous innovations in food. Some of these innovations could also be beneficial in the pharmaceutical domain. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential application of these findings in the pharmaceutical field and the main limits in terms of toxicity, environmental, economic and regulatory issues. The principal factors influencing the shelf-life were highlighted through the description of the stability studies usually performed in the pharmaceutical industry (according to European guidelines). To counter those factors, different solutions are currently available as preservatives and specific packaging. They were described and debated with an overview of recent food innovations in each field. The limits of the current solutions in the pharmaceutical field and the innovation in the food field have inspired a critical pharmaceutical outlook. The active and intelligent packaging for active pharmaceutical ingredients of the future is imagined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Boukoufi
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Pharmacy Department, University Hospital, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Jean Vigneron
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospital, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Makarova AS, Nikulina E, Fedotov P. Induced Phytoextraction of Mercury. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2021.1881794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Makarova
- UNESCO Chair ‘Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development’, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Nikulina
- NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’ – IREA, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Fedotov
- Department of Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, and National University of Science and Technology ‘Misis’, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of separation and pre-concentration in the chemical diagnostics of functional materials and environmental objects, National University of Science and Technology ‘MISIS’, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bianchi L, Caroppo ES, Hansel K, Tramontana M, Marietti R, Stingeni L. Contact allergy to merbromin: a forgotten organomercuric allergen? Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86:439-441. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bianchi
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Italy
| | - Elena Sofia Caroppo
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Italy
| | - Katharina Hansel
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Italy
| | - Marta Tramontana
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Italy
| | - Rossella Marietti
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Italy
| | - Luca Stingeni
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee JY, Hwang GW, Naganuma A, Satoh M. Methylmercury toxic mechanism related to protein degradation and chemokine transcription. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:30. [PMID: 32680455 PMCID: PMC7469908 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury is an environmental pollutant that causes neurotoxicity. Recent studies have reported that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in defense against methylmercury toxicity through the degradation of proteins synthesizing the pyruvate. Mitochondrial accumulation of pyruvate can enhance methylmercury toxicity. In addition, methylmercury exposure induces several immune-related chemokines, specifically in the brain, and may cause neurotoxicity. This summary highlights several molecular mechanisms of methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Gi-Wook Hwang
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akira Naganuma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiko Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rhee J, Vance TM, Lim R, Christiani DC, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Association of blood mercury levels with nonmelanoma skin cancer in the U.S.A. using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003-2016). Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:480-487. [PMID: 32020585 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have reported increased incidence or mortality of lung and brain cancers associated with occupations involving potential mercury exposure. Epidemiological evidence related to skin cancer is also limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between blood mercury (Hg) levels and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). METHODS We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2003 to 2016. The exposures were blood total (tHg), inorganic (iHg) and methylmercury (MeHg). The outcome was a self-reported diagnosis of NMSC. We included participants aged ≥ 20 years who had information on blood mercury and sociodemographic factors. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of NMSC associated with quartiles of blood Hg, after adjusting for the sociodemographic factors and survey year. RESULTS The number of participants was 29 413; mean age was 49 years and 52% were female. Compared with those with a tHg ≤ 0·47 μg L-1 (Q1), those with a tHg > 1·74 μg L-1 (Q4) had nearly double the odds of NMSC (OR 1·79, 95% CI 1·19-2·71; Ptrend = 0·004). Similarly, those in the highest quartile of MeHg (> 1·44 μg L-1 ) had 1·7 times greater odds of NMSC (OR 1·74, 95% CI 1·13-2·70; Ptrend = 0·01) than those in the lowest quartile (≤ 0·21 μg L-1 ). iHg levels were nonsignificantly positively associated with NMSC (Ptrend = 0·08). CONCLUSIONS We found that higher blood tHg and MeHg levels were associated with a higher prevalence of NMSC. Linked Comment: Taylor. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:413-414.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rhee
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - T M Vance
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - R Lim
- Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - D C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - A A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - E Cho
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lam KT, Wilhelmsen CJ, Dibble TS. BrHgO• + C2H4 and BrHgO• + HCHO in Atmospheric Oxidation of Mercury: Determining Rate Constants of Reactions with Prereactive Complexes and Bifurcation. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6045-6055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khoa T. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Curtis J. Wilhelmsen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Theodore S. Dibble
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen S, Huang X, Li Y, Wang X, Pan H, Lin Z, Zheng Q, Li S, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Altered antigenicity and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus virus-like particles in the presence of thimerosal. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 141:221-231. [PMID: 31154067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal has been widely used as a preservative in human vaccines for decades. Thimerosal, a thiol capping agent with ethyl mercury being the active degradant, could have impacts on the vaccine potency due to potential thiol modification. The effects on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particles (VLPs) in the presence of thimerosal was studied. In general, reduced binding activity was observed between HPV antigens and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) upon thimerosal treatment, accompanied by reduced protein conformational stability. The immunogenicity of a pentavalent vaccine formulation (HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18 and hepatitis E virus) with or without thimerosal was studied in mice. The functional antibody titres, as well as the binding titres, were determined, showing a substantial decrease for vaccine formulations containing thimerosal for HPV16/18. Similarly, epitope-specific competition assays using specific and functional mAbs as tracers also showed a significant reduction in immunogenicity for HPV16/18 in the presence of thimerosal. Structural alterations in the capsid protein for HPV18 were observed with cryo-electron microscopy and 3-dimensional reconstruction in the comparative structural analysis. The results should alert scientists in formulation development field on the choice for vaccine preservatives, in particular for thiol-containing antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yike Li
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huirong Pan
- Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company, Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company, Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dórea JG. Multiple low-level exposures: Hg interactions with co-occurring neurotoxic substances in early life. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:129243. [PMID: 30385391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All chemical forms of Hg can affect neurodevelopment; however, low levels of organic Hg (methylmercury-MeHg and ethylmercury-EtHg in Thimerosal-containing vaccines, hereafter 'TCV') exposures during early life (pregnancy and lactation) co-occur with other environmental neurotoxic substances. These neurotoxicants may act in parallel, synergistically, or antagonistically to Hg. Nevertheless, the risks of neurotoxicity associated with multiple neuro-toxicants depend on type, time, combinations of exposure, and environmental and/or genetic-associated factors. Neurological developmental disorders, delays in cognition and behavioral outcomes associated with multiple exposures (which include Hg) may show transient or lasting outcomes depending on constitutional and/or environmental factors that can interact to neutralize, aggravate or attenuate these effects; often these studies are challenging to interpret. During pregnancy and lactation, fish-MeHg exposure is frequently confounded with the opposing effects of neuroactive nutrients (in fish) that lead to positive, negative, or no effects on neurobehavioral tests. In infancy, exposures to acute binary mixtures (TCV- EtHg and Al-adjuvants in infant immunizations) are associated with increased risks of tics and other developmental disorders. Despite the certitude that promulgates single environmental neurotoxicants, empirical comparisons of combined exposures indicate that Hg-related outcome is uneven. Hg in combination with other neurotoxic mixtures may elevate risks of neurotoxicity, but these risks arise in circumstances that are not yet predictable. Therefore, to achieve the goals of the Minamata treaty and to safeguard the health of children, low levels of mercury exposure (in any chemical form) needs to be further reduced whether the source is environmental (air- and food-borne) or iatrogenic (pediatric TCVs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil..
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dórea JG. Low-dose Thimerosal (ethyl-mercury) is still used in infants` vaccines: Should we be concerned with this form of exposure? J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:134-139. [PMID: 29895363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In developing countries, Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCV) are the main causes of organic Hg exposure for newborns, neonates, and infants immunized with TCV. This article addresses early-life exposure to this unique organic mercury compound (ethylmercury-EtHg) and the risks of its exposure. English language studies pertaining to Thimerosal/EtHg toxicity and exposure during early life were searched in PubMed; and, those publications judged to be relevant to the topic of this review were selected. The risk from the neurotoxic effects of pre- and post-natal Hg exposures depend, in part, on aggravating or attenuating environmental and/or genetic-associated factors. Health authorities in charge of controlling infectious disease dismiss the toxicology of mercury (immunological and subtle neurological effects as insignificant) related to low-dose Thimerosal. The review addresses the evidence that brings into question the safety of Thimerosal that is still present in vaccines given to pregnant women, infants, and children in developing countries, and recognizes the ethical imperative to extend the use of Thimerosal-free vaccines to developing countries, not just developed countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
MAY JÚNIOR JOARESA, QUIGLEY HOWARD, HOOGESTEIJN RAFAEL, TORTATO FERNANDOR, DEVLIN ALLISON, CARVALHO JÚNIOR RUIMDE, MORATO RONALDOG, SARTORELLO LEONARDOR, RAMPIM LILIANE, HABERFELD MARIO, PAULA ROGÉRIOCDE, ZOCCHE JAIROJOSÉ. Mercury content in the fur of jaguars (Panthera onca) from two areas under different levels of gold mining impact in the Brazilian Pantanal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:2129-2139. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JOARES A. MAY JÚNIOR
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Brazil; Instituto Para a Conservação dos Carnívoros Neotropicais (Pro-Carnívoros), Brazil; Projeto Onçafari, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - RONALDO G. MORATO
- Instituto Para a Conservação dos Carnívoros Neotropicais (Pro-Carnívoros), Brazil; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - ROGÉRIO C. DE PAULA
- Instituto Para a Conservação dos Carnívoros Neotropicais (Pro-Carnívoros), Brazil; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bailey DC, Buckley BP, Chernov MV, Gulick AM. Development of a High-Throughput Biochemical Assay to Screen for Inhibitors of Aerobactin Synthetase IucA. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:1070-1082. [PMID: 29991301 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218787140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquiring sufficient quantities of iron to support survival is often a critical limitation for pathogenic bacteria. To meet this demand, bacteria have evolved unique strategies to scavenge iron and circumvent the nutritional immunity exerted by their hosts. One common strategy, which is often a key virulence factor for bacterial pathogens, involves the synthesis, secretion, and reuptake of iron chelators known as siderophores. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the siderophore aerobactin is critical for virulence in the hypervirulent pathotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP). Given the high rate of multidrug resistance in K. pneumoniae, and in light of the ever-increasing demand for novel Gram-negative therapeutic targets, we identified aerobactin production as a promising antivirulence target in hvKP. Herein, we describe the development of a high-throughput biochemical assay for identifying inhibitors of the aerobactin synthetase IucA. The assay was employed to screen ~110,000 compounds across several commercially available small-molecule libraries. IucA inhibitors with activity at micromolar concentrations were identified in our screening campaigns and confirmed using secondary orthogonal assays. However, the most potent compounds also exhibited some properties commonly observed with promiscuous/nonspecific inhibitors, including incubation time and target enzyme concentration dependence, as well as the potential to antagonize unrelated enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Bailey
- 1 Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,2 The Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Buckley
- 3 Small Molecule Screening Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail V Chernov
- 3 Small Molecule Screening Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M Gulick
- 1 Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,2 The Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
El-Kady AA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Occurrence of trace metals in foodstuffs and their health impact. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
21
|
Ding E, Guo J, Bai Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Cai W, Zhong L, Zhu B. MiR-92a and miR-486 are potential diagnostic biomarkers for mercury poisoning and jointly sustain NF-κB activity in mercury toxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15980. [PMID: 29167424 PMCID: PMC5700070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to mercury is a public health concern worldwide. Although the altered epigenetic regulatory features, such as microRNA, have been associated with mercury exposure, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well illuminated. This study aimed to confirm that hsa-miR-92a and hsa-miR-486 are novel diagnostic biomarkers of occupational mercury poisoning, and to explore the underlying mechanism of miR-92a and miR-486 in mercury toxicity. RT-qPCR assays and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were conducted to confirm the diagnostic value of miR-92a and miR-486 as biomarkers of occupational mercury poisoning. Dual-luciferase assay was applied to confirm the target gene of miR-92a and miR-486 in vitro. Then, we established an in-vitro model where miR-92a and miR-486 were overexpressed or knocked down in HEK-293 and HUVEC cells. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to analyze gene and protein expression levels. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Results show that miR-92a and miR-486 expression levels were up-regulated in workers exposed to occupational mercury. Upregulation of miR-92a and miR-486 may play a crucial role in mercury toxicity by jointly activating the NF-κB signaling pathway via targeting KLF4 and Cezanne, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enmin Ding
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Yandu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, YanCheng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bai
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Cai
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhong
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The facile preparation and structural characterization of two new isostructural 2D coordination polymers, {[M 2 (bbit) 3 Cl 2 ][MCl 4 ]} n [where M = Zn and Cd; bbit = 1,1-bis (3-methyl-4-imidazoline-2-thione) butane]. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Lohren H, Bornhorst J, Fitkau R, Pohl G, Galla HJ, Schwerdtle T. Effects on and transfer across the blood-brain barrier in vitro-Comparison of organic and inorganic mercury species. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:63. [PMID: 27978854 PMCID: PMC5159962 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transport of methylmercury (MeHg) across the blood-brain barrier towards the brain side is well discussed in literature, while ethylmercury (EtHg) and inorganic mercury are not adequately characterized regarding their entry into the brain. Studies investigating a possible efflux out of the brain are not described to our knowledge. Methods This study compares, for the first time, effects of organic methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl), EtHg-containing thiomersal and inorganic Hg chloride (HgCl2) on as well as their transfer across a primary porcine in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Results With respect to the barrier integrity, the barrier model exhibited a much higher sensitivity towards HgCl2 following basolateral incubation (brain-facing side) as compared to apical application (blood-facing side). These HgCl2 induced effects on the barrier integrity after brain side incubation are comparable to that of the organic species, although MeHgCl and thiomersal exerted much higher cytotoxic effects in the barrier building cells. Hg transfer rates following exposure to organic species in both directions argue for diffusion as transfer mechanism. Inorganic Hg application surprisingly resulted in a Hg transfer out of the brain-facing compartment. Conclusions In case of MeHgCl and thiomersal incubation, mercury crossed the barrier in both directions, with a slight accumulation in the basolateral, brain-facing compartment, after simultaneous incubation in both compartments. For HgCl2, our data provide first evidence that the blood-brain barrier transfers mercury out of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lohren
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Romy Fitkau
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pohl
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bellum S, Thuett KA, Grajeda R, Abbott LC. Coordination Deficits Induced in Young Adult Mice Treated with Methylmercury. Int J Toxicol 2016; 26:115-21. [PMID: 17454251 DOI: 10.1080/10915810701225190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Male and female C57BL/6J mice starting at postnatal (P) day 34 were exposed orally to five divided doses totaling 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg of methylmercury (MeHg; given as methylmercuric chloride) or sterile deionized water in moistened rodent chow. After a 5-day waiting period, control and MeHg-treated mice were subjected to a standard battery of behavior tests for balance and motor coordination. Latency to falling on the accelerating rota-rod was significantly decreased in 5.0 mg/kg MeHg-exposed mice when compared to control mice. In the open field, horizontal exploration with respect to total distance traveled during the first 5 min on the first test day was significantly reduced in 1.0 mg/kg MeHg-exposed mice when compared to control mice. Rearing activity was not affected by MeHg treatment. In the footprint analysis, angle of foot placement measured in 1.0 mg/kg MeHg-treated mice was significantly greater compared to control mice. Base stance and stride length were unaffected by MeHg treatment. On the vertical pole test, 10 mice from each treatment group fell off the pole during the time the pole was shifted from a horizontal position to a vertical position, whereas none of the control mice fell. These results indicate that short-term, low to moderate doses of MeHg in young adult mice can be detrimental to motor coordination and balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Bellum
- Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Drace K, Kiefer AM, Veiga MM. Cyanidation of Mercury-Contaminated Tailings: Potential Health Effects and Environmental Justice. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:443-449. [DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Krupp
- University of Aberdeen; Chemistry Department; Meston Walk Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Zuzana Gajdosechova
- University of Aberdeen; Chemistry Department; Meston Walk Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science; Department of Food Chemistry; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Hanna Lohren
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science; Department of Food Chemistry; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schmidt CM, Cheng CN, Marino A, Konsoula R, Barile FA. Hormesis effect of trace metals on cultured normal and immortal human mammary cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 20:57-68. [PMID: 15807409 DOI: 10.1191/0748233704th192oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effects of variable concentrations of trace metals on human cultured mammary cells. Monolayers of human mortal (MCF-12A) and immortal (MDAMB231) mammary epithelial cells were incubated in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and copper (Cu) for 24-h, 72-h, 4-d, and 7-d. The MTT assay was used to assess viability for all time periods and cell proliferation was monitored for 4-d and 7-d studies. Monolayers were also labeled with rhodamine-110 (R-6501), Sytox green®, and Celltiter blueTM fluorescent dyes as indicators for intracellular esterase activity, nucleic acid staining, and cell reduction/viability, respectively. Total incubation time with chemical plus dyes was 24 h. For 24-h and 72-h studies, cells were seeded in 96-well plates, after which confluent monolayers were exposed to increasing concentrations of chemicals. For 4-d and 7-d studies, cells were seeded in 12-well plates at 1/3 confluent density (day 0) and exposed to increasing concentrations of metals on day 1. All cells were counted on days 4 and 7. In addition, test medium was removed from select groups of cultures on day 4, replaced with fresh medium in the absence of chemical (recovery studies), and assays were performed on day 7 as above. The data suggest that there is a consistent protective and/or stimulating effect of metals at the lowest concentrations in MCF-12A cells that is not observed in immortal MDA-MB231 cells. In fact, cell viability of MCF-12A cells is stimulated by otherwise equivalent inhibitory concentrations of As, Cu, and Hg on MDA-MB231 cells at 24-h. Whereas As and Hg suppress proliferation and viability in both cell lines after 4-d and 7-d of exposure, Cu enhances cell proliferation and viability of MCF-12A cells. MDA-MB231, however, recover better after 4-days of toxic insult. In addition, nutritional manipulation of media between the cell lines, or pretreatment with penicillamine, did not alter the hormesis effect displayed by MCF- 12A. Growth of these cells however was not maintained in the alternative medium. The study demonstrates that a hormesis effect from trace metals is detectable in cultured mammary cells; fluorescent indicators, however, are not as sensitive as cell proliferation or MTT in recognizing the subtle responses. Also, sensitivity of mammary cells to lower concentrations of Cu, a biologically important trace metal, may play an important role in controlling cellular processes and proliferation. The ability to detect this in vitro phenomenon implies that similar processes, occurring in vivo, may be responsible for the development, induction, or enhancement of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St John's University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ding E, Zhao Q, Bai Y, Xu M, Pan L, Liu Q, Wang B, Song X, Wang J, Chen L, Zhu B. Plasma microRNAs expression profile in female workers occupationally exposed to mercury. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:833-41. [PMID: 27162656 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.03.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted interests as non-invasive biomarkers of physiological and pathological conditions. Several studies have examined the potential effects of mercury exposure on miRNAs expression profiles of general population environmentally exposed to mercury. The objective is to identify mercury-related miRNAs of female workers occupationally exposed to mercury. METHODS In this case-control study, we used a microarray assay to detect the miRNA expression profiles in pooled plasma samples between (I) chronic mercury poisoning group; (II) mercury absorbing group and (III) control group in the discovery stage. Each group has ten individuals. In addition, we conducted a validation of eight candidate miRNAs in the same 30 workers by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS In the discovery stage, eight miRNAs were conformed following our selection criteria. In the validation stage, RT-PCR confirmed up-regulation of miR-92a and miR-486 in the mercury poisoned group (P<0.05) compared to the other two groups. The results were consistent with the microarray analysis. CONCLUSIONS Plasma miR-92a-3p and miR-486-5p might prove to be potential biomarkers to indicate responses to mercury exposure. However, further studies are necessary to prove the causal association between miRNAs changes and mercury exposure, and to determine whether these two miRNAs are clear biomarkers to mercury exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enmin Ding
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiuni Zhao
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Bai
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Xu
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liping Pan
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingdong Liu
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bosheng Wang
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianping Song
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Chen
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China ; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China ; 3 School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Evans RD, Hickie B, Rouvinen-Watt K, Wang W. Partitioning and kinetics of methylmercury among organs in captive mink (Neovison vison): A stable isotope tracer study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:163-169. [PMID: 26855415 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of methylmercury (MeHg) as a neurotoxin, we have relatively few good data on partitioning and kinetics of MeHg among organs, particularly across the blood-brain barrier, for mammals that consume large quantities of fish. The objective of this study was to determine the partition coefficients between blood and brain, liver and kidney and fur for MeHg under steady-state conditions and to measure the half-lives for MeHg in these organs. Captive mink (Neovison vison) were fed a diet enriched with two stable isotopes of Hg, Me(199)Hg and Me(201)Hg for a period of 60 days. After a period of 10 days the diet was changed to contain only Me(201)Hg so that, between days 10 and 60, we were able to measure both uptake and elimination rates from blood, brain, liver kidney and fur. Liver and kidney response was very rapid, closely following changes in blood concentrations but there was a small lag time between peak blood concentrations and peak brain concentrations. Half-lives for MeHg were 15.4, 10.2 and 13.4 days for brain, liver and kidney, respectively. There was no measurable conversion of the MeHg to inorganic Hg (IHg) in the brain over the 60 day period, unlike in liver and kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Douglas Evans
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Brendan Hickie
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | | | - Wei Wang
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lohren H, Blagojevic L, Fitkau R, Ebert F, Schildknecht S, Leist M, Schwerdtle T. Toxicity of organic and inorganic mercury species in differentiated human neurons and human astrocytes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:200-8. [PMID: 26302930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic mercury (Hg) species exert their toxicity primarily in the central nervous system. The food relevant Hg species methylmercury (MeHg) has been frequently studied regarding its neurotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. Neurotoxicity of thiomersal, which is used as a preservative in medical preparations, is to date less characterised. Due to dealkylation of organic Hg or oxidation of elemental Hg, inorganic Hg is present in the brain albeit these species are not able to readily cross the blood brain barrier. This study compared for the first time toxic effects of organic MeHg chloride (MeHgCl) and thiomersal as well as inorganic mercury chloride (HgCl2) in differentiated human neurons (LUHMES) and human astrocytes (CCF-STTG1). The three Hg species differ in their degree and mechanism of toxicity in those two types of brain cells. Generally, neurons are more susceptible to Hg species induced cytotoxicity as compared to astrocytes. This might be due to the massive cellular mercury uptake in the differentiated neurons. The organic compounds exerted stronger cytotoxic effects as compared to inorganic HgCl2. In contrast to HgCl2 exposure, organic Hg compounds seem to induce the apoptotic cascade in neurons following low-level exposure. No indicators for apoptosis were identified for both inorganic and organic mercury species in astrocytes. Our studies clearly demonstrate species-specific toxic mechanisms. A mixed exposure towards all Hg species in the brain can be assumed. Thus, prospectively coexposure studies as well as cocultures of neurons and astrocytes could provide additional information in the investigation of Hg induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lohren
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114 - 116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Lara Blagojevic
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Romy Fitkau
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114 - 116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114 - 116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Stefan Schildknecht
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Marcel Leist
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114 - 116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Popova EV, Sinitskii AI, Nemereshina ON, Gatiatulina ER, Nikonorov AA, Skalny AV. Mercury and metabolic syndrome: a review of experimental and clinical observations. Biometals 2015; 28:231-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
32
|
Dunbar BS, Bosire RV, Deckelbaum RJ. Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in human and animal health: an African perspective. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 398:69-77. [PMID: 25458696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for plant and animal development, growth and nutrition and play critical roles in health and reproduction. The dramatic increase in the human population has put increasing pressure on human food sources, especially of those sources of food which contain adequate levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and more importantly, sources of food which have favorable ratios of the n-3 (18-carbon, α-linolenic acid, ALA) to n-6 (18-carbon linoleic acid, LA) PUFAs. Recent studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of the n-3 PUFAs in diets as well as potentially negative effects of excessive levels of n-6 PUFAs in diets. This review discusses these human health issues relating to changes in diets based on environmental and industrial changes as well as strategies in East Africa for improving lipid composition of food using indigenous sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Dunbar
- Omega Farms Ltd., Ol Kokwe Island, Lake Baringo, Kenya; CEBIB, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - R V Bosire
- Omega Farms Ltd., Ol Kokwe Island, Lake Baringo, Kenya
| | - R J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gill R, Lanni L, Jen KLC, McCabe MJ, Rosenspire A. Docosahexaenoic acid counteracts attenuation of CD95-induced cell death by inorganic mercury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 282:61-7. [PMID: 25461680 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the United States the principal environmental exposure to mercury is through dietary consumption of sea food. Although the mechanism by which low levels of mercury affect the nervous system is not well established, epidemiological studies suggest that low level exposure of pregnant women to dietary mercury can adversely impact cognitive development in their children, but that Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most prominent n-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-PUFA) present in fish may counteract negative effects of mercury on the nervous system. Aside from effects on the nervous system, epidemiological and animal studies have also suggested that low level mercury exposure may be a risk factor for autoimmune disease. However unlike the nervous system where a mechanism linking mercury to impaired cognitive development remains elusive, we have previously suggested a potential mechanism linking low level mercury exposures to immune system dysfunction and autoimmunity. In the immune system it is well established that disruption of CD95 mediated apoptosis leads to autoimmune disease. We have previously shown in vitro as well as in vivo that in lymphocytes burdened with low levels of mercury, CD95 mediated cell death is impaired. In this report we now show that DHA counteracts the negative effect of mercury on CD95 signaling in T lymphocytes. T cells which have been pre-exposed to DHA are able to cleave pro-caspase 3 and efficiently signal programmed cell death through the CD95 signaling pathway, whether or not they are burdened with low levels of mercury. Thus DHA may lower the risk of autoimmune disease after low level mercury exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall Gill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit MI, USA
| | - Lydia Lanni
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit MI, USA
| | - K-L Catherine Jen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit MI, USA
| | - Michael J McCabe
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Allen Rosenspire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Çamur D, Güler Ç, Vaizoğlu SA, Özdilek B. Determining mercury levels in anchovy and in individuals with different fish consumption habits, together with their neurological effects. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1215-23. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714555393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An increase in enviromental pollution may lead to mercury toxicity of fish origin due to the accumulative nature of methylmercury in fish. The main sources of human exposure to organic mercury compounds are contaminated fish and other seafoods. This descriptive study was planned to determine mercury levels in anchovy and in hair samples from individuals with different fish consumption habits, and to evaluate those individuals in terms of toxic effects. For that purpose, we analyzed 100 anchovies from the Black Sea and 100 anchovies from the Sea of Marmara, and assessed 25 wholesale workers in fish markets and 25 cleaning firm employees from both Ankara and Istanbul. Mercury levels in samples were measured using a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Participants were examined neurologically and mini mental state examination was applied to evaluate their cognitive functions. Mercury levels in fish were found to be below the national and international permitted levels. There was no statistically significant relation between mercury levels and the sea from which fish were caught. Hair mercury levels for all participants were within permitted ranges. However, hair mercury levels in both cities increased significantly with amount and frequency of fish consumption. A significant correlation was determined at correlation analysis between levels of fish consumption and hair mercury levels in the fishmongers and in the entire group ( r = 0.32, p = 0.025; r = 0.23, p = 0.023, respectively). Neurological examination results were normal, except for a decrease in deep tendon reflexes in some participants in both cities. There was no correlation between Standardized Mini Mental State Examination results and hair mercury levels. We conclude that establishing a monitoring system for mercury levels in fish and humans will be useful in terms of evaluating potential neurotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Çamur
- Environmental Health Department, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Güler
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Songül Acar Vaizoğlu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Özdilek
- Department of Neurology, Erenkoy Education And Research Hospital for Neurologic And Psychiatric Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hessel EV, Tonk ECM, Bos PM, van Loveren H, Piersma AH. Developmental immunotoxicity of chemicals in rodents and its possible regulatory impact. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 45:68-82. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.959163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
36
|
Palmer JH, Parkin G. Synthesis and structural characterization of tris(2-mercapto-1-methylbenzimidazolyl)hydroborato cadmium halide complexes, {[Tm(MeBenz)]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 and [Tm(MeBenz)]CdI: a rare example of cadmium in a trigonal bipyramidal sulfur-rich coordination environment. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:13874-82. [PMID: 25105778 PMCID: PMC4262141 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tris(2-mercapto-1-methylbenzimidazolyl)hydroborato cadmium complexes, {[Tm(MeBenz)]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 and [Tm(MeBenz)]CdI, have been synthesized via the reactions of [Tm(MeBenz)]K with CdCl2 and CdI2, respectively. While X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that the iodide derivative, [Tm(MeBenz)]CdI, is a monomer, the chloride derivative, {[Tm(MeBenz)]Cd(μ-Cl)}2, exists as a dimer, which is unprecedented for Group 12 [Tm(R)]MX (X = Cl, Br, I) compounds. Furthermore, the cadmium centers of {[Tm(MeBenz)]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 are trigonal bipyramidal, which is an uncommon motif for cadmium complexes with a [S3Cl2] coordination sphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stirpe A, Pantusa M, Guzzi R, Bartucci R, Sportelli L. Chain interdigitation in DPPC bilayers induced by HgCl2: Evidences from continuous wave and pulsed EPR. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
38
|
Caruthers NJ, Stemmer PM, Shin N, Dombkowski A, Caruso JA, Gill R, Rosenspire A. Mercury alters B-cell protein phosphorylation profiles. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:496-505. [PMID: 24224561 PMCID: PMC4167842 DOI: 10.1021/pr400657k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to mercury is suggested to contribute to human immune dysfunction. To shed light on the mechanism, we identified changes in the phosphoproteomic profile of the WEHI-231 B cell line after intoxication with Hg(2+). These changes were compared to changes in the phosphoproteome that were induced by pervanadate or okadaic acid exposure. Both 250 μM HgCl2 and pervanadate, a known phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, caused an increase in the number of proteins identified after TiO2 affinity selection and LC-MS/MS analysis. Pervanadate treatment had a larger effect than Hg(2+) on the number of Scansite motifs that were tyrosine-phosphorylated, 17, and Ingenuity canonical signaling pathways activated, 4, with score >5.0. However, Hg(2+) had a more focused effect, primarily causing tyrosine-phosphorylation in src homology 2 domains in proteins that are in the B cell receptor signaling pathway. The finding that many of the changes induced by Hg(2+) overlap with those of pervanadate, indicates that at high concentrations Hg(2+) inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Caruthers
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Pediatrics, and §Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bai HW, Qian YY, Shi BY, Li G, Fan Y, Wang Z, Yuan M, Liu LP. The association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81939. [PMID: 24312383 PMCID: PMC3842978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several case-control studies and cohort studies have investigated the association between fish intake and renal cancer risk, however, they yielded conflicting results. To our knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of the association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer has not been reported. Hence, we conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis to quantify the association between fish consumption and renal cancer. Methods A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central database for case-control and cohort studies that assessed fish intake and risk of renal cancer. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were also performed. Results A total of 12 case-control studies and three cohort studies published between 1990 and 2011 were included in the meta-analysis, involving 9,324 renal cancer cases and 608,753 participants. Meta-analysis showed that fish consumption did not significantly affect the risk of renal cancer (RR=0.99, 95% CI [0.92,1.07]). In our subgroup analyses, the results were not substantially affected by study design, region, gender, and confounder adjustments. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggested that there was no significant association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer. More in-depth studies are warranted to report more detailed results, including stratified results by fish type, preparation method, and gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-yong Qian
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-yi Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-peng Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yun Z, He B, Wang Z, Wang T, Jiang G. Evaluation of different extraction procedures for determination of organic Mercury species in petroleum by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 106:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
41
|
Heckel PF, Keener TC, LeMasters GK. Background Soil Mercury: An Unrecognized Source of Blood Mercury in Infants? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2013.31004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
42
|
Ramos R, Ramírez F, Jover L. Trophodynamics of inorganic pollutants in a wide-range feeder: The relevance of dietary inputs and biomagnification in the Yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 172:235-242. [PMID: 23064201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of sentinel species to monitor environmental pollution is often hampered by an insufficient knowledge on pollutant trophodynamics. We simultaneously evaluated the influence of individuals' trophic position (as revealed by δ(15)N values) and dietary exploitation of particular systems (using δ(13)C and δ(34)S as proxies) on inorganic pollutant concentrations measured on fledglings' feathers of a wide-range feeder, the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis), sampled at four locations throughout the Western Mediterranean. Concentrations of total Hg and Se in fledgling feathers (2.43 ± 1.30 and 1.16 ± 0.43 μg/g, respectively) were under the threshold points for deleterious effects on seabirds. On the contrary, alarming Pb concentrations were found in one colony (mean: 1.57 ± 2.46 μg/g, range: 0.16-12.13). With the exception of Pb, pollutant concentrations were positively influenced by consumption of marine resources (as suggested by the positive relationship with δ(34)S values), whereas trophic position played a minor role in determining pollutant body burdens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raül Ramos
- Unidade de Investigação em Eco-Etologia, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada-ISPA, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Omega 3 fatty acids can be obtained from several sources, and should be added to the daily diet to enjoy a good health and to prevent many diseases. Worldwide, general population use omega-3 fatty acid supplements and enriched foods to get and maintain adequate amounts of these fatty acids. The aim of this paper was to review main scientific evidence regarding the public health risks and benefits of the dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids. A systematic literature search was performed, and one hundred and forty-five articles were included in the results for their methodological quality. The literature described benefits and risks of algal, fish oil, plant, enriched dairy products, animal-derived food, krill oil, and seal oil omega-3 fatty acids.
Collapse
|
44
|
Roos PM, Dencker L. Mercury in the spinal cord after inhalation of mercury. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:126-32. [PMID: 22364490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects anterior horn cells of the spinal cord causing an indolent slow and steady deterioration of muscle strength leading inevitably to death in respiratory failure. ALS is a model condition for neurodegenerative disorders. Exposure to different agents dispersed in the environment has been suggested to cause neurodegeneration but no convincing evidence for such a link has yet been presented. Respiratory exposure to metallic mercury (Hg(0)) from different sources may be suspected. Body distribution of metallic mercury is fast and depends on solubility properties. Routes of transport, metabolism, excretion and biological half-life determine the overall toxic effects. Inhalation experiments were performed in 1984 where small marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were exposed to (203) Hg(0 vapour) mixed into the breathing air (4-5 μg/l). After 1 hr of exposure, they were killed and whole body autoradiograms prepared to study the distribution of mercury within organs. Autoradiograms showed that Hg was deposited inside the spinal cord. Areas of enhanced accumulation anatomically corresponding to motor nuclei could be observed. This study describes a reinvestigation, with new emphasis on the spinal cord, of these classical metal exposure data in a primate, focusing on their relevance for the causation of neurodegenerative disorders. A comparison with more recent rodent experiments with similar findings is included. The hypothesis that long-time low-dose respiratory exposure to metals, for example, Hg, contributes to neurodegenerative disorders is forwarded and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Achá D, Pabón CA, Hintelmann H. Mercury methylation and hydrogen sulfide production among unexpected strains isolated from periphyton of two macrophytes of the Amazon. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 80:637-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
46
|
Hoekstra J, Hart A, Owen H, Zeilmaker M, Bokkers B, Thorgilsson B, Gunnlaugsdottir H. Fish, contaminants and human health: quantifying and weighing benefits and risks. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 54:18-29. [PMID: 22269904 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a quantitative risk-benefit assessment of fish consumption. We compare the net health effect expressed in DALYs of two scenarios. The reference scenario is the current fish intake of the Dutch population, which is less than what is recommended by the health authorities. The alternative scenario describes the health effects if the population consumes 200g of fish per week, which is close to the recommendation. All health effects due to fish consumption for which there is convincing evidence are incorporated in the assessment. The QALIBRA software (www.qalibra.eu) is used to simulate the two scenarios. The results show there is a net benefit for the population if it consumes 200g of fish each week.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeljer Hoekstra
- National Institute of for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lam Y, Sze CW, Tong Y, Ng TB, Shaw PC, Zhang Y. A Review of the Potential Issues of Pollution Caused by the Mineral Elements, Mercury, Lead and Arsenic, Its Possible Impacts on the Human Beings and the Suggested Solutions. Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.34026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
48
|
Kim BG, Jo EM, Kim GY, Kim DS, Kim YM, Kim RB, Suh BS, Hong YS. Analysis of methylmercury concentration in the blood of Koreans by using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. Ann Lab Med 2011; 32:31-7. [PMID: 22259776 PMCID: PMC3255500 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylmercury is an organic form of mercury that is highly toxic to humans. Here, we present and establish a novel method to detect methylmercury concentrations in the blood of Koreans. Methods Methylmercury concentration was analyzed with an automated methylmercury analytic system (MERX, Brooks Rand Co., USA) using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry (CVAFS). A variety of biological materials were digested in methanolic potassium hydroxide solution. The analysis method was validated by examination of certified reference material (955c, National Institute of Standard and Technology, USA). We randomly selected 30 Korean adults (age 20 yr or older) to analyze total blood mercury and methylmercury concentrations. Results The detection limit and methylmercury recovery rate using this method were 0.1 pg/L and, 99.19% (range: 89.33-104.89%), respectively. The mean blood concentration of methylmercury was 4.54±2.15 µg/L (N=30). The mean proportion of methylmercury to the total mercury concentration was 78.27% (range: 41.37-98.80%). Conclusions This study is the first report to analyze blood methylmercury concentration using CVAFS in Korea. We expect that this method will contribute to the evaluation of mercury exposure and the assessment of the toxicological impact of mercury in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Gwon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zeilmaker MJ, Hoekstra J, van Eijkeren JCH, de Jong N, Hart A, Kennedy M, Owen H, Gunnlaugsdottir H. Fish consumption during child bearing age: a quantitative risk-benefit analysis on neurodevelopment. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 54:30-4. [PMID: 22079313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The fish ingredient N3-docosahexaenoic acid 22:6 n-3 (DHA) stimulates brain development. On the other hand methylmercury (MeHg) in fish disturbs the developing central nervous system. In this Context the IQ score in children is considered as an aggregate measure of in utero brain development. To determine the effect of DHA exposure on prenatal neurodevelopment the maternal DHA intake during pregnancy was compared with its epidemiologically observed effect on the IQ score of children. For MeHg the maternal intake was converted into its accumulation in the maternal body. The maternal body burden then was compared with its epidemiologically observed relationship with the IQ score. Taking the MeHg and DHA content of 33 fish species the net effect of these compounds on the IQ score was quantified. For most fish species the adverse effect of MeHg on the IQ score exceeded the beneficial effect of DHA. In the case of long-living predators a negative effect up to 10 points on the IQ score was found. The results of this study indicate that food interventions aiming at the beneficial effects of fish consumption should focus on fish species with a high DHA content, while avoiding fish species with a high MeHg content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco J Zeilmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cankaya M, Pypecyodlu M, Cyftcy M, Ozdemyr H. Effects of Some Metal Ions on Trout Liver Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2011.385.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|