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Oginawati K, Nathanael RJ, Chazanah N, Suharyanto, Prabandari D, Basuki MF, Oclandhi B, Santoso M, Febriana SA, Nugrahaningsih DA, Suhartini S, Prakoeswa CRS, Tanziha I. Occupational lead exposure health risk assessment and heme biosynthesis: A study on batik artisans in yogyakarta, Indonesia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19994. [PMID: 37809710 PMCID: PMC10559681 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess dermal and inhalation lead exposure levels among batik industry workers and evaluate noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with lead exposure. We investigate potential relationships between lead exposure (dermal average daily dose and inhalation exposure concentration) and the workers' blood hemoglobin levels (Hb), as well as their urinary ALA (u-ALA) concentrations. Additionally, we explore any possible associations between Hb and u-ALA levels among the workers and identify various factors influencing lead exposure levels. A total of 30 workers were recruited for the study. Interviews and exposure sampling were conducted to measure dermal and inhaled lead exposure. Sample analysis methods include XRF for exposure samples, spectrophotometry for u-ALA, and HiCN colorimetric for Hb. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessments, correlation analysis, as well as ANOVA for factors analysis, were performed. The average dermal exposure dose and inhalation exposure concentration of lead were 6.53 ± 3.2 ng/kg/day and 0.021 ± 0.015 μg/m3, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) values for all workers were below 1 (average: 0.372 ± 0.155), indicating no expected noncarcinogenic health effects due to lead exposure. The average Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) was (5.18 ± 3.84) × 10-8, significantly below acceptable limits. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between Hb and u-ALA (r = -0.519, p = 0.058 for male workers and r = -0.531, p = 0.034 for female workers), supporting their use as lead exposure biomarkers. The factors analysis demonstrated a significant impact of working conditions on inhalation exposure (p = 0.018), with outdoor workers experiencing lower lead inhalation. This research provides crucial insights into potential dangers faced by batik workers due to lead exposure, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions. The strong correlation between Hb and u-ALA indicates their combined effectiveness in detecting lead exposure, even at low levels. The study underscores the significance of outdoor work as a protective measure against inhaling heavy metals, such as lead, present in the air. The assessment of health risks associated with lead exposure in the batik industry lays the groundwork for informed decision-making and interventions to protect workers' well-being, particularly in informal sectors workplaces where health risks are often overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Oginawati
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rinaldy J. Nathanael
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Chazanah
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Suharyanto
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Prabandari
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Meutia F. Basuki
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Buggie Oclandhi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhayatun Santoso
- Nuclear Power Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
| | - Sri Awalia Febriana
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | | | - Sri Suhartini
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | | | - Ikeu Tanziha
- Community Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Ecology, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia
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Khan K, Rafiq MT, Bacha AUR, Nabi I, Irshad M, Faridullah F, Younas M, Khan MD, Aziz R, Amin M, Arifeen A, Aslam S, Ahmad S, Iqbal A. Assessment of heavy metals and associated oxidative stress in occupationally exposed workers from Bannu and Karak Districts in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5915-5925. [PMID: 37184720 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are extensively found in occupationally exposed miners and industrial workers, which may cause serious health-related problems to the large workforce. In order to evaluate the impact of these toxic pollutants, we have investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) concentration on exposed workers of mining, and woolen textile mill and compared the findings with unexposed individuals. From each category like exposed workers (mining, and woolen mill textile site) and unexposed individuals, 50 blood samples were taken. The occurrence of HMs in a sample was investigated through atomic absorption spectrometry while the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme statuses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in exposed and control samples. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) variation in Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb levels in exposed and control samples. The concentration of Cd in the blood of WMWs, KMWs, and control group was 5.75, 3.89, and 0.42 μg/dL, respectively. On the other hand, the concentration of Pb in the blood of WMWs, MWs, and control was 32.34, 24.39, and 0.39 µg/dL while the concentrations of Cr and Cu in the blood of WMWs, MWs, and control group were 11.61 and 104.14 μg/dL, 4.21 and 113.21 μg/dL, 0.32 and 65.53 μg/dL, respectively. An increase in MDA was recorded in the exposed workers' group as compared to control subjects, whereas SOD and CAT activities decreased. Meanwhile, MDA was significantly and positively (p < 0.01) correlated with HMs, while negative significant correlations were found among HMs with SOD and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleem Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rafiq
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Iqra Nabi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faridullah Faridullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younas
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Daud Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsanda Aziz
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir, 18000, Pakistan
| | - Awais Arifeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Aslam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Acute Hepatic Porphyrias. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061303. [PMID: 35741113 PMCID: PMC9221615 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs) are a group of rare diseases caused by dysfunctions in the pathway of heme biosynthesis. Although acute neurovisceral attacks are the most dramatic manifestations, patients are at risk of developing long-term complications, several of which are of a vascular nature. The accumulation of non-porphyrin heme precursors is deemed to cause most clinical symptoms. Aim We measured the serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) to assess the presence of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with AHPs. Forty-six patients were classified, according to their clinical phenotype, as symptomatic (AP-SP), asymptomatic with biochemical alterations (AP-BA), and asymptomatic without biochemical alterations (AP-AC). Results Even excluding those under hemin treatment, AP-SP patients had the lowest NO and highest ET-1 levels, whereas no significant differences were found between AP-BA and AP-AC patients. AP-SP patients had significantly more often abnormal levels of ED markers. Patients with the highest heme precursor urinary levels had the greatest alterations in ED markers, although no significant correlation was detected. Conclusions ED is more closely related to the clinical phenotype of AHPs than to their classical biochemical alterations. Some still undefined disease modifiers may possibly determine the clinical picture of AHPs through an effect on endothelial functions.
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Zhang M, Liu C, Li WD, Xu XD, Cui FP, Chen PP, Deng YL, Miao Y, Luo Q, Zeng JY, Lu TT, Shi T, Zeng Q. Individual and mixtures of metal exposures in associations with biomarkers of oxidative stress and global DNA methylation among pregnant women. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133662. [PMID: 35063557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to metals has been linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Oxidative stress and epigenetic changes are potential mechanisms of action. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of individual and mixtures of metal exposures with oxidative stress and DNA methylation among pregnant women. METHODS We measured a panel of 16 metals and 3 oxidative stress biomarkers including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA) and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) in urine from 113 pregnant women in a Chinese cohort. Biomarkers of global DNA methylation including Alu and long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) in cord blood were measured. Multivariable linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were separately applied to estimate the associations between individual and mixtures of metal exposures and biomarkers of oxidative stress and global DNA methylation. RESULTS In single-metal analyses, we observed positive associations between 11 metals [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), thallium (Tl), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and molybdenum (Mo)] and at least one of oxidative stress biomarkers (all FDR-adjusted P-values < 0.05). In mixture analyses, we found positive overall associations of metal mixtures with 8-OHdG and 8-isoPGF2α, and Se was the most important predictor. There was no evidence on associations of urinary metals as individual chemicals and mixtures with Alu and LINE-1 methylation. CONCLUSION Urinary metals as individual chemicals and mixtures were associated with increased oxidative stress, especially Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Ding Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Dan Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tian Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is a non-essential metal with numerous industrial applications that have led to ts ubiquity in the environment. Thus, not only occupational-exposed individuals' health is compromised, but also that of the general population and in particular children. Notably, although the central nervous system is particularly susceptible to Pb2+, other systems are affected as well. The present study focuses on molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects that arise from the presence of Pb2+ in situ in the brain, and the possible toxic effects that follows. As the brain barriers represent the first target of systemic Pb2+, mechanisms of Pb2+ entry into the brain are discussed, followed by a detailed discussion on neurotoxic mechanisms, with special emphasis on theories of ion mimicry, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox imbalance, and neuroinflammation. Most importantly, the confluence and crosstalk between these events is combined into a cogent mechanism of toxicity, by intertwining recent and old evidences from humans, in vitro cell culture and experimental animals. Finally, pharmacological interventions, including chelators, antioxidants substances, anti-inflammatory drugs, or their combination are reviewed as integrated approaches to ameliorate Pb2+ harmful effects in both developing or adult organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Virgolini
- IFEC CONICET. IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA and IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia
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Upadhyay K, Viramgami A, Pagdhune A, Balachandar R, Sarkar K. Hematological and cardiovascular effects of chronic low level lead exposure: A study on e-waste recyclers. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Nakata H, Nakayama SMM, Yabe J, Muzandu K, Toyomaki H, Yohannes YB, Kataba A, Zyambo G, Ikenaka Y, Choongo K, Ishizuka M. Clinical biochemical parameters associated with the exposure to multiple environmental metals in residents from Kabwe, Zambia. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127788. [PMID: 33182082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) interferes with various bodily functions. Although high blood Pb (Pb-B) levels in residents from Kabwe, Zambia have been reported, the accumulation pattern of other metals remains unknown. The study was designed to determine the Pb-B, blood cadmium (Cd-B), and zinc (Zn-B) values of 504 representative samples from Kabwe, as well as the potential associated adverse health effects. The Pb-B level ranged from 0.79 to 154.75 μg/dL and generally increased in areas near the mine. A significant elevation of Cd-B was observed in two areas (0.37 ± 0.26 and 0.32 ± 0.30 μg/L) where the two highest mean Pb-B levels were recorded. By contrast, the Zn-B values did not differ greatly with respect to area. Some blood biochemical parameters relating to hepatic and renal functions were out of the normal range in approximately 20-50% of studied adult participants. The δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity was significantly inhibited in the two areas contaminated by Pb and Cd. A significant negative relationship was observed between metal levels and clinical parameters, e.g., between Pb-B and δ-ALAD for all the age categories and between Cd-B and the estimated glomerular filtration rate for all the age categories except 0-4 years. The elevated Cd-B in areas near the mine relative to the other areas suggested the potential adverse health effects of Cd and/or the interaction of Pb and Cd. A significant association of metal levels with clinical parameters also indicated the effects of metal exposure on hematopoietic, hepatic, and renal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - John Yabe
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Haruya Toyomaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yared Beyene Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Andrew Kataba
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Golden Zyambo
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Kennedy Choongo
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Fiji National University, College of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Koronivia Campus, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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Abdel Hamid OI, Khayal EESH, Tolba SAR, Orabi EE. Maternal Δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase 1-2 genotype enhances fetal lead exposure and increases the susceptibility to the development of cerebral palsy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44709-44723. [PMID: 32710353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited epidemiologic studies questioned the association between pre- and postnatal lead exposure and the development of cerebral palsy (CP). Moreover, the genotypes of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) in CP patients and their mothers and their association to the blood lead levels (BLLs) were not previously studied. This study aimed to evaluate the association between δ-ALAD gene polymorphism and BLL in cases of CP and their mothers. A case control study was carried out on 23 CP cases and equal number of healthy matched controls. The mothers of the included children were asked to answer a questionnaire involving the baseline clinical and demographic characteristics. Also, questionnaires were done to detect the sources of environmental lead exposure and screen lead exposure during the pregnancy period. BLL, δ-ALAD enzyme activity, and genetic analysis for ALAD G177C were done for each child and his mother. There was significant (p < 0.001) elevation of BLL in CP cases and their mothers that was positively correlated (r = 0.436, p < 0.05). There were progressive decreases in δ-ALAD activity with increasing BLL in both children and mothers (p < 0.05). There were non-significant (p > 0.05) differences between CP and the control group regarding frequency of ALAD G177C genotypes, while there was a significant (p = 0.04) increase in the frequency of ALAD 1-2 (GC) genotype in the mothers of the CP group associated with high BLL and significant decrease in δ-ALAD activity (p < 0.001). The study can indicate the significance of δ-ALAD gene polymorphism in the prenatal exposure to lead and the affection of the developing brain, pointing to the importance of controlling lead in pregnant women especially those with ALAD 1-2 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaima Ibrahim Abdel Hamid
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Eman Elshahat Orabi
- Public Health & Community Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yohannes YB, Nakayama SM, Yabe J, Nakata H, Toyomaki H, Kataba A, Muzandu K, Ikenaka Y, Choongo K, Ishizuka M. Blood lead levels and aberrant DNA methylation of the ALAD and p16 gene promoters in children exposed to environmental-lead. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109759. [PMID: 32554272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is a well-known toxic heavy metal which can have serious public health hazards. As of today, there is no safe threshold for Pb exposure, especially for children. Lead exposure has been associated with adverse health outcomes involving epigenetic mechanisms, such as aberrant DNA methylation. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the associations between blood lead levels (BLLs) and gene-specific promoter DNA methylation status in environmental Pb-exposed children from Kabwe, Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using 2 to 10-year-old children from high Pb exposed area (N = 102) and low Pb exposed area (N = 38). We measured BLLs using a LeadCare II analyzer and investigated the methylation status of the ALAD and p16 gene promoters by methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS The mean BLLs were 23.7 μg/dL and 7.9 μg/dL in high Pb exposed and low Pb exposed children, respectively. Pb exposure was correlated with increased methylation of the ALAD and p16 genes. The promoter methylation rates of ALAD and p16 in high Pb exposed children were 84.3% and 67.7%, and 42.1% and 44.7% in low Pb exposed children, respectively. Significantly increased methylation was found in both genes in high Pb exposed children compared with low Pb exposed children (p < 0.05). Children with methylated ALAD and p16 genes showed an increased risk of Pb poisoning (odd ratio >1) compared to the unmethylated status. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time tries to correlate promoter methylation status of the ALAD and p16 genes in environmental Pb-exposed children from Kabwe, Zambia as a representative. The result suggests that Pb exposure increases aberrations in ALAD and p16 gene methylation, which may be involved in the mechanism of Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yared B Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Shouta Mm Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - John Yabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruya Toyomaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew Kataba
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kennedy Choongo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Blood Lead Levels among Blood Donors and High-Risk Occupational Groups in a Mining Area in Ghana: Implications for Blood Transfusion among Vulnerable Populations. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:6718985. [PMID: 32695185 PMCID: PMC7368927 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6718985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead poisoning has been a major global health problem for decades, and blood transfusion has been suspected as a neglected potential source of lead exposure. Children and pregnant women are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of lead and over 40 percent of blood transfused in Ghana is given to children under 5 years. However, there is little data on the levels of lead in donor blood and the main sources of lead exposure in the Ghanaian population. This study compared blood lead levels (BLL) among selected occupations at risk of lead exposure with healthy blood donors in nonexposed occupations in a Ghanaian mining area. We enrolled 40 participants each from the following high-risk occupational groups: small scale miners, painters/sprayers, drivers/fuel station attendants, and auto-mechanics as well as 40 healthy blood donors (made up of teachers, traders, and office workers). One millilitre of blood was collected from each participant for determination of their BLL, haemoglobin concentration, and blood film morphology. A total of 200 participants made up of 186 (93%) males and 14 (7%) females were enrolled. The mean age of participants was 28.6 ± 8.2 years and their geometric mean (GM) BLL was 6.3 GSD 1.4 µg/dL [95% CI: 6.0 – 6.6]. Participants in high risk occupations had significantly higher GM BLL of 6.7 µg/dL [95% CI :6.4−7.0] compared to 5.0 µg/dL [95% CI: 4.4−5.7] for healthy blood donors [p < 0.001]. The prevalence of elevated BLL (≥5 µg/dL) among the entire study participants, high risk occupations and blood donors was 84.5%, 89.4% and 65% respectively. There was significant association between elevated BLLs and working in an at-risk occupational group [aOR = 3.58, p = 0.014]. Haemoglobin concentration was not significantly associated with elevated BLLs. Basophilic stippling was not observed in any of the blood smears. Blood lead levels were high in blood donors and at-risk occupations in the study area and occupation was associated with elevated BLLs. It is important that measures to safeguard the integrity of donor blood go beyond screening for infectious diseases to include screening individuals in high-risk occupations for lead and other heavy metals to ensure that donor blood from such individuals is safe and does not pose potential danger to the health of vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women.
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11
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Mattos BDS, Soares MSP, Spohr L, Pedra NS, Teixeira FC, Souza AA, Stefanello FM, Baldissarelli J, Gamaro GD, Spanevello RM. Quercetin prevents alterations of behavioral parameters, delta‐aminolevulinic dehydratase activity, and oxidative damage in brain of rats in a prenatal model of autism. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:287-302. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna da Silveira Mattos
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Anita Avila Souza
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Biomarcadores Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Giovana Duzzo Gamaro
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção ‐ Laboratório de Neuroquímica Inflamação e Câncer Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
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12
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Roy A, Kordas K. The Relation Between Low-Level Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: a Review of the Epidemiological Evidence in Children and Non-Occupationally Exposed Adults. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:478-492. [PMID: 27726071 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in occupationally exposed adults indicate that higher lead exposure results in higher biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, this evidence cannot be extended to the general population who typically experience lower levels of lead exposure. This systematic review evaluates the epidemiological evidence on the association between lead and oxidative stress in non-occupationally exposed general population, with a particular focus on the pediatric population. Studies were identified through a systematic search of Medline and Web of Science. Ultimately, evidence from 15 studies conducted in children and 22 studies in adults from the general population was reviewed. Overall, the published findings are inconsistent, and there are very few well-designed studies on the relation between lead exposure and oxidative stress in the general population. The strength of the current evidence is discussed in light of the methodological approaches employed, and recommendations are made for future research directions. These include designing prospective studies with repeat measurements of clinically relevant oxidative stress markers to answer the question of causality and sensitive windows and reanalyzing previously published data, but using multivariable statistical approaches and adjustment for relevant explanatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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13
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Junaid M, Malik RN, Pei DS. Health hazards of child labor in the leather products and surgical instrument manufacturing industries of Sialkot, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:198-211. [PMID: 28432963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Child labor is a major challenge in the developing countries and comprehensive health hazard identification studies on this issue are still lacking. Therefore, the current study is an effort to highlight the health concerns of child labor exposed in the key small scale industries of Sialkot, Pakistan. Our findings revealed jolting levels of heavy metals in the urine, blood, serum, saliva, and hair samples collected from the exposed children. For example, in the urine samples, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were measured at the respective concentrations of 39.17, 62.02, 11.94 and 10.53 μg/L in the surgical industries, and 2.10, 4.41, 1.04 and 5.35 μg/L in the leather industries. In addition, source apportionment revealed polishing, cutting, and welding sections in the surgical industries and surface coating, crusting, and stitching sections in the leather industries were the highest contributors of heavy metals in the bio-matrices of the exposed children, implying the dusty, unhygienic, and unhealthy indoor working conditions. Further, among all the bio-matrices, the hair samples expressed the highest bioaccumulation factor for heavy metals. In accordance with the heavy metal levels reported in the exposed children, higher oxidative stress was found in the children working in the surgical industries than those from the leather industries. Moreover, among heavy metals' exposure pathways, inhalation of industrial dust was identified as the primary route of exposure followed by the ingestion and dermal contact. Consequently, chemical daily intake (CDI), carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQs) of heavy metals were also reported higher in the exposed children and were also alarmingly higher than the corresponding US EPA threshold limits. Taken all together, children were facing serious health implications in these industries and need immediate protective measures to remediate the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
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14
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La-Llave-León O, Méndez-Hernández EM, Castellanos-Juárez FX, Esquivel-Rodríguez E, Vázquez-Alaniz F, Sandoval-Carrillo A, García-Vargas G, Duarte-Sustaita J, Candelas-Rangel JL, Salas-Pacheco JM. Association between Blood Lead Levels and Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase in Pregnant Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040432. [PMID: 28420209 PMCID: PMC5409633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood lead levels (BLLs) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity are considered biomarkers of lead exposure and lead toxicity, respectively. The present study was designed to investigate the association between BLLs and ALAD activity in pregnant women from Durango, Mexico. A total of 633 pregnant women aged 13–43 years participated in this study. Blood lead was measured by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. ALAD activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Mean blood lead was 2.09 ± 2.34 µg/dL; and 26 women (4.1%) crossed the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended level of 5 µg/dL. ALAD activity was significantly lower in women with levels of lead ≥5 µg/dL compared to those with BLLs < 5 µg/dL (p = 0.002). To reduce the influence of extreme values on the statistical analysis, BLLs were analyzed by quartiles. A significant negative correlation between blood lead and ALAD activity was observed in the fourth quartile of BLLs (r = −0.113; p < 0.01). Among women with blood lead concentrations ≥2.2 µg/dL ALAD activity was negatively correlated with BLLs (r = −0.413; p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that inhibition of ALAD in pregnant women may occur at levels of lead in blood above 2.2 µg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmel La-Llave-León
- Institute of Scientific Research, Juarez University of the State of Durango, AV. Universidad y Fanny Anitua s/n. Col. Centro, C. P. 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | - Edna M Méndez-Hernández
- Institute of Scientific Research, Juarez University of the State of Durango, AV. Universidad y Fanny Anitua s/n. Col. Centro, C. P. 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | - Francisco X Castellanos-Juárez
- Institute of Scientific Research, Juarez University of the State of Durango, AV. Universidad y Fanny Anitua s/n. Col. Centro, C. P. 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | - Eloísa Esquivel-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Cuauhtemoc, 223 North, Col. Centro, C. P. 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | | | - Ada Sandoval-Carrillo
- Institute of Scientific Research, Juarez University of the State of Durango, AV. Universidad y Fanny Anitua s/n. Col. Centro, C. P. 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | - Gonzalo García-Vargas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Gomez Palacio la Salle 1 y Sixto Ugalde, s/n, Col. Revolucion, C. P. 35050 Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Duarte-Sustaita
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Gomez Palacio la Salle 1 y Sixto Ugalde, s/n, Col. Revolucion, C. P. 35050 Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico.
| | - Jorge L Candelas-Rangel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Gomez Palacio la Salle 1 y Sixto Ugalde, s/n, Col. Revolucion, C. P. 35050 Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico.
| | - José M Salas-Pacheco
- Institute of Scientific Research, Juarez University of the State of Durango, AV. Universidad y Fanny Anitua s/n. Col. Centro, C. P. 34000 Durango, Mexico.
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15
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Chung RTM. Detoxification effects of phytonutrients against environmental toxicants and sharing of clinical experience on practical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8946-8956. [PMID: 26310706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the Food and Health Bureau and Trade and Industry Department of the Hong Kong Government, 90 % of the total food supply in Hong Kong was imported from the Mainland China. In addition, the hidden or illegal use of prohibited pesticides, food adulteration (e.g., using industrial salt in food processing, using gutter oil as cooking oil), and pollutions were periodically reported by the media. Excessive exposure to toxic heavy metals or persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from diet or environmental is inevitable amid industrialization and pollution. Understanding of the detoxification ability among nutrients in plant-based food (i.e., phytonutrients in green tea, onion, garlic, coriander, and turmeric) offers therapeutic and preventive effects against the poisoning effects due to these pollutants. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory actions are the common mechanisms for heavy metals or POPs toxicities, while phytonutrients counteracts these cellular insults by anti-oxidation, upregulation of anti-inflammatory pathways, and chelation.
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16
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Lopes ACBA, Peixe TS, Mesas AE, Paoliello MMB. Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 236:193-238. [PMID: 26423075 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20013-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been reported as an important mechanism underlying lead toxicity (Gurer and Ercal 2000; Pande and Flora 2002; Kasperczyk et al. 2004a; Farmand et al. 2005; Verstraeten et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2009; Martinez-Haro et al. 2011). OS occurs when the generation of ROS exceeds the antioxidant system's ability to defend cells against oxidized molecules. ROS is a term generally used to refer to free radicals derived from O2 (e.g., superoxide anions [O2-] and hydroxyl radicals [OH-]) or to non-radical species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) (Halliwell and Cross 1994).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago S Peixe
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
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17
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Zorana KG, Alica P, Jasna J. Influence of abatement of lead exposure in Croatia on blood lead and ALAD activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:898-907. [PMID: 26351197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of lead (Pb) abatement measures in Croatia on blood lead (BPb) concentrations, and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in blood, as a sensitive indicator of early Pb effect. Data on BPb and ALAD activity were obtained from 829 Croatian men (19-64 years of age), with no known occupational exposure to metals. Data obtained in 2008-2009, after the ban of leaded gasoline in Croatia in 2006, were compared with similar data collected in 1981 and 1989, when the concentration of Pb in gasoline was 0.6 g/L. Our results showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) decrease in median BPb from 114.5 (range, 46.0-275.0) μg/L in 1981/1989 to 30.3 (range, 3.2-140.8) μg/L in 2008-2009 and an increase in median ALAD activity from 49.8 (range, 24.9-79.4) EU in 1981/1989 to 60.9 (range, 35.8-84.0) EU in 2008-2009. Individual factors influencing BPb values were, in the order of decreasing importance, Pb in ambient air (APb), alcohol consumption, age, and smoking. Increased ALAD activity was significantly associated with the decrease of APb, alcohol consumption, and smoking. These results show that lead abatement measures had a positive impact on both BPb concentrations (73.5% decrease) and the activity of ALAD (22.1% increase) in general population. Our results contribute to growing evidence that ALAD activity may be used as one of the earliest and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers of low-level Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kljaković-Gašpić Zorana
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P. O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Pizent Alica
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P. O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jurasović Jasna
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P. O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Roy A, Queirolo E, Peregalli F, Mañay N, Martínez G, Kordas K. Association of blood lead levels with urinary F₂-8α isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine concentrations in first-grade Uruguayan children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:127-35. [PMID: 25863186 PMCID: PMC4492803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a potential molecular mechanism for lead-induced toxicities, yet, we have limited understanding of the relation between low-level lead (Pb) exposure and OS, especially in children. This cross-sectional study examines the association between blood lead level (BLL) and two OS markers-urinary F2-8α isoprostane or isoprostane (a marker of lipid peroxidation) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-Guanosine or 8-OH-dG (a marker of DNA damage) in 211 children, aged 5-8 years, from Montevideo, Uruguay. The role of dietary intakes of vitamin C and zinc in modifying the relation between BLL and OS was also examined. The mean (SD) BLL of the study children was 4.7 (2.2) µg/dL, with 30.2% children having BLL ≥5 µg/dL, the current reference level set by the US Centre for Disease Control for identifying, monitoring and management of children with elevated BLL. In covariate-adjusted analysis, there was a weak positive association between BLL and urinary isoprostane (adjusted for specific gravity) [β=0.09, p<0.1]. No association was found between children's BLL and urinary 8-OH-dG. Interactions between dietary intakes of vitamin C or zinc and BLL on OS biomarkers were not consistent. However, when BLL and vitamin C or BLL and zinc were modeled together, BLL was independently associated with isoprostane concentration [β=0.10, p<0.05] but vitamin C or zinc intake was not. These findings suggest that there may be a potential adverse effect of BLL on OS in children with low-level Pb exposure. There is a need to study the effects of Pb on other OS measures, as well as the role of OS in mediating low-level Pb toxicity on functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
| | - Elena Queirolo
- Centre for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Peregalli
- Centre for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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19
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Rapisarda V, Ledda C, Ferrante M, Fiore M, Cocuzza S, Bracci M, Fenga C. Blood pressure and occupational exposure to noise and lead (Pb): A cross-sectional study. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1729-36. [PMID: 25883097 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715576616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have explored the hypothesis that low blood lead (PbB) and high noise levels may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension. To assess the possible relationship between occupational exposure to lead (Pb) and noise and elevated blood pressure, we studied 105 workers (age: 41.27 ± 6.25 years and length of employment: 4.12 ± 5.33 years) employed in a Pb battery recycling plant by measuring A-weighted equivalent sound level, PbB, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Results showed that occupational exposure to higher ambient Pb and noise levels was related to slightly increased SBP and DBP. PbB values correlated significantly with SBP and DBP, whereas noise levels correlated neither with SBP nor with DBP. Furthermore, workers exposed to higher ambient Pb had higher PbB and ZPP and showed more decreased ALAD activity. Blood pressure does not correlate with noise exposure but only with PbB concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Security, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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20
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Lassiter MG, Owens EO, Patel MM, Kirrane E, Madden M, Richmond-Bryant J, Hines EP, Davis JA, Vinikoor-Imler L, Dubois JJ. Cross-species coherence in effects and modes of action in support of causality determinations in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Science Assessment for Lead. Toxicology 2015; 330:19-40. [PMID: 25637851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The peer-reviewed literature on the health and ecological effects of lead (Pb) indicates common effects and underlying modes of action across multiple organisms for several endpoints. Based on such observations, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) applied a cross-species approach in the 2013 Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Lead for evaluating the causality of relationships between Pb exposure and specific endpoints that are shared by humans, laboratory animals, and ecological receptors (i.e., hematological effects, reproductive and developmental effects, and nervous system effects). Other effects of Pb (i.e., cardiovascular, renal, and inflammatory responses) are less commonly assessed in aquatic and terrestrial wildlife limiting the application of cross-species comparisons. Determinations of causality in ISAs are guided by a framework for classifying the weight of evidence across scientific disciplines and across related effects by considering aspects such as biological plausibility and coherence. As illustrated for effects of Pb where evidence across species exists, the integration of coherent effects and common underlying modes of action can serve as a means to substantiate conclusions regarding the causal nature of the health and ecological effects of environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Gooding Lassiter
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Oesterling Owens
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Molini M Patel
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Ellen Kirrane
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Meagan Madden
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Jennifer Richmond-Bryant
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Erin Pias Hines
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - J Allen Davis
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Lisa Vinikoor-Imler
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Jean-Jacques Dubois
- Southern Region Integrated Pest Management Center, North Carolina State University, 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 110, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Ahamed M, Fareed M, Kumar A, Siddiqui W, Siddiqui M. Oxidative stress and neurological disorders in relation to blood lead levels in children. Redox Rep 2013; 13:117-22. [DOI: 10.1179/135100008x259213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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22
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Horton LM, Mortensen ME, Iossifova Y, Wald MM, Burgess P. What do we know of childhood exposures to metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) in emerging market countries? Int J Pediatr 2013; 2013:872596. [PMID: 23365584 PMCID: PMC3556434 DOI: 10.1155/2013/872596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury present potential health risks to children who are exposed through inhalation or ingestion. Emerging Market countries experience rapid industrial development that may coincide with the increased release of these metals into the environment. A literature review was conducted for English language articles from the 21st century on pediatric exposures to arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) top 10 Emerging Market countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey. Seventy-six peer-reviewed, published studies on pediatric exposure to metals met the inclusion criteria. The reported concentrations of metals in blood and urine from these studies were generally higher than US reference values, and many studies identified adverse health effects associated with metals exposure. Evidence of exposure to metals in the pediatric population of these Emerging Market countries demonstrates a need for interventions to reduce exposure and efforts to establish country-specific reference values through surveillance or biomonitoring. The findings from review of these 10 countries also suggest the need for country-specific public health policies and clinician education in Emerging Markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Horton
- Office of Science, National Center for Environmental Health and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mary E. Mortensen
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Yulia Iossifova
- Office of Science, National Center for Environmental Health and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Marlena M. Wald
- Office of Science, National Center for Environmental Health and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Paula Burgess
- Office of Science, National Center for Environmental Health and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Kasperczyk A, Machnik G, Dobrakowski M, Sypniewski D, Birkner E, Kasperczyk S. Gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood cells of workers who were occupationally exposed to lead. Toxicology 2012; 301:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Martínez SA, Simonella L, Hansen C, Rivolta S, Cancela LM, Virgolini MB. Blood lead levels and enzymatic biomarkers of environmental lead exposure in children in Cordoba, Argentina, after the ban of leaded gasoline. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:449-63. [PMID: 23079669 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112454893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a developmental neurotoxicant found in industrial activities, many of them already prohibited worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate current blood Pb (PbB) levels in children in Cordoba, Argentina, and to compare these with similar studies performed before Pb was banned in gasoline in 1996. We also sought to identify mechanistically relevant biomarkers by measuring δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. We finally aimed to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics are associated with Pb toxicity. Blood samples collected from 161 healthy children between September 2009 and February 2010 revealed mean PbB levels of 2.58 ± 0.30 µg/dl. Enzymatic δ-ALAD, CAT, and SOD activities showed no significant variations when plotted against PbB levels. Finally, children living in the suburbs have higher PbB levels than their city counterparts, while low socioeconomic status increased δ-ALAD inhibition compared with that of middle-income children. Overall, these results evidenced a substantial reduction in exposure to Pb in this pediatric population over a decade after Pb was restricted in gasoline and reveal the importance of pursuing novel biomarkers of toxicity along with the sociodemographic profile to complement Pb diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Tiwari AKM, Mahdi AA, Zahra F, Sharma S, Negi MPS. Evaluation of Low Blood Lead Levels and Its Association with Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Anemic Women: A Comparative Prospective Study. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:246-52. [PMID: 26405382 PMCID: PMC4577501 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To correlate blood lead levels (BLLs) and oxidative stress parameters in pregnant anemic women. A total of 175 pregnant women were found suitable and included for this study. Following WHO criteria, 50 each were identified as non-anemic, mild anemic and moderate anemic and 25 were severe anemic. The age of all study subjects ranged from 24-41 years. At admission, BLLs and oxidative stress parameters were estimated as per standard protocols and subjected with ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and cluster analysis. Results showed significantly (p < 0.01) high BLLs, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxide (LPO) levels while low delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell (RBC) count, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in all groups of anemic pregnant women as compared with non anemic pregnant women. In all groups of pregnant women, BLLs showed significant (p < 0.01) and direct association with ZPP, GSSG and LPO while inverse relation with δ-ALAD, Fe, Se, Zn, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC, GSH, SOD, CAT and TAC. Study concluded that low BLLs perturb oxidant-antioxidant balance and negatively affected hematological parameters which may eventually Pb to Fe deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mani Tiwari
- />National Referral Centre For Lead Poisoning, UP, Department of Biochemistry, C.S.M. Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- />National Referral Centre For Lead Poisoning, UP, Department of Biochemistry, C.S.M. Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Fatima Zahra
- />Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, ELMC & Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudarshna Sharma
- />Department of Biochemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
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26
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Blood lead level modifies the association between dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress in an urban adult population. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:148-54. [PMID: 22464667 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be affected by lead exposure as well as antioxidants, yet little is known about the interaction between dietary antioxidants and blood lead levels (BLL) on oxidative stress level. We investigated the interaction between dietary antioxidants and BLL on oxidative stress level. As part of the Biomarker Monitoring for Environmental Health conducted in Seoul and Incheon, Korea, between April and December 2005, we analysed data from 683 adults (female = 47·4 %, mean age 51·4 (sd 8·4) years) who had complete measures on BLL, dietary intakes and oxidative stress marker (urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative FFQ, BLL was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and 8-OHdG by ELISA. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the influence of BLL on the association between dietary antioxidants and 8-OHdG. Geometric means of BLL and 8-OHdG concentrations were 4·1 (sd 1·5) μg/dl and 5·4 (sd 1·9) μg/g creatinine, respectively. Increases of vitamins C and E were significantly associated with the decrease of log10 8-OHdG in the adults from the lowest quartile of the BLL group (≤ 3·18 μg/dl, geometric mean = 2·36 μg/dl) than those of the highest quartile BLL group (>5·36 μg/dl, geometric mean = 6·78 μg/dl). Regarding antioxidant-related foods, vegetables excluding kimchi showed a higher inverse relationship with 8-OHdG in the lowest quartile BLL group than the highest group. These findings suggest a rationale for lowering the BLL and increasing the intake of dietary antioxidants in the urban population in Korea.
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Rocha JBT, Saraiva RA, Garcia SC, Gravina FS, Nogueira CW. Aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) as marker protein of intoxication with metals and other pro-oxidant situations. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tx20014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Impact of chronic lead exposure on selected biological markers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2011; 27:83-9. [PMID: 23277717 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-011-0163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning remains a major problem in India due to the lack of awareness of its ill effects among the clinical community. Blood lead, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations are widely used as biomarkers for lead toxicity The present study was designed to determine the impact of chronic lead exposure on selected biological markers. A total of 250 subjects, of both sexes, ranging in age from 20 to 70 years, were recruited. On the basis of BLLs, the subjects were categorized into four groups: Group A (BLL: 0-10 μg/dl), Group B (BLL: 10-20 μg/dl). Group C (BLL: 20-30 μg/dl) and Group D (BLL: 30-40 μg/dl) having BLLs of 3.60 ± 2.71 μg/dl, 15.21 ± 2.65 μg/dl, 26.82 ± 2.53 μg/dl and 36.38 ± 2.83 μg/dl, respectively. Significant changes in biological markers due to elevated BLLs were noted. The relation of BLL and biological markers to demographic characteristics such as sex, habits, diet and substances abuse (smoking effect) were also studied in the present investigation. Males, urban population, non-vegetarians, and smokers had higher blood lead levels. δ-ALAD activity was found to be significantly lower with increased BLL (P < 0.001), while the ZPP level was significantly higher with increased BLL (P < 0.001). Further, BLL showed a negative correlation with δ-ALAD (r = -0.425, P < 0.001, N = 250) and a positive correlations with ZPP (r = 0.669, P < 0.001, N = 250). Chronic lead exposure affects the prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium leading to cellular oxidative stress.
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Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Verma S, Kumar A, Siddiqui MKJ. Environmental lead exposure as a risk for childhood aplastic anemia. Biosci Trends 2011; 5:38-43. [PMID: 21422599 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2011.v5.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Concern about environmental lead exposure as a significant public health threat has increased as evidence has accumulated regarding adverse health effects at successively lower levels. Aplastic anemia is a hematological disorder of unknown etiology with a high lethality rate. Lead is a known toxicant for the hematopoietic system. Oxidative stress appears to be the possible mode of lead toxicity. We evaluated the effects of blood lead level on oxidative stress parameters in children suffering from aplastic anemia disease. Seventeen children with aplastic anemia disease (15 male and 2 female, age 3-12 y) were recruited in the study group. Fifty one healthy children (45 male and 6 female, age 3-12 y) having normal blood profiles and not suffering from any chronic disease(s) were used as controls. Blood lead level and oxidative stress parameters were determined. Mean blood lead level was significantly higher while δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity, a biomarker for lead exposure was significantly lower in the study group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05 for each). Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was significantly higher while the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) level was significantly lower in the study group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05 for each). Activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation of blood lead levels with δ-ALAD (r = -0.45; p < 0.05) and GSH (r = -0.32; p < 0.05), and a positive correlation with TBARS (r = 0.41; p < 0.05) and CAT (r = 0.37; p < 0.05). Although a causal pathway cannot be determined from this study, our results indicated that lead induces oxidative stress in children suffering from aplastic anemia. Lead-induced oxidative stress as an underlying mechanism for aplastic anemia warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahamed
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
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Kasten-Jolly J, Heo Y, Lawrence DA. Impact of developmental lead exposure on splenic factors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 247:105-15. [PMID: 20542052 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is known to alter the functions of numerous organ systems, including the hematopoietic and immune systems. Pb can induce anemia and can lower host resistance to bacterial and viral infections. The anemia is due to Pb's inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis and Pb's induction of membrane changes, leading to early erythrocyte senescence. Pb also increases B-cell activation/proliferation and skews T-cell help (Th) toward Th2 subset generation. The specific mechanisms for many of the Pb effects are, as yet, not completely understood. Therefore, we performed gene expression analysis, via microarray, on RNA from the spleens of developmentally Pb-exposed mice, in order to gain further insight into these Pb effects. Splenic RNA microarray analysis indicated strong up-regulation of genes coding for proteolytic enzymes, lipases, amylase, and RNaseA. The data also showed that Pb affected the expression of many genes associated with innate immunity. Analysis of the microarray results via GeneSifter software indicated that Pb increased apoptosis, B-cell differentiation, and Th2 development. Direct up-regulation by Pb of expression of the gene encoding the heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) suggested that Pb can decrease erythropoiesis by blocking globin mRNA translation. Pb's high elevation of digestive/catabolizing enzymes could generate immunogenic self peptides. With Pb's potential to induce new self-peptides and to enhance the expression of caspases, cytokines, and other immunomodulators, further evaluation of Pb's involvement in autoimmune phenomena, especially Th2-mediated autoantibody production, and alteration of organ system activities is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kasten-Jolly
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology and Immunology, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
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Roy A, Bellinger D, Hu H, Schwartz J, Ettinger AS, Wright RO, Bouchard M, Palaniappan K, Balakrishnan K. Lead exposure and behavior among young children in Chennai, India. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1607-11. [PMID: 20019913 PMCID: PMC2790517 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure has long been associated with deficits in IQ among children. However, few studies have assessed the impact of lead on specific domains of behavior and cognition. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the associations between lead and different domains of neurobehavior and their relative sensitivity to lead. METHODS We determined blood lead levels using a LeadCare instrument in 756 children 3-7 years of age attending pre- and elementary schools in Chennai, India. Anxiety, social problems, inattention, hyperactivity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as executive function were assessed in children by their schoolteachers using Conners' Teacher Rating Scales-39, Conners' ADHD/Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Scales (CADS), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function questionnaires, with higher scores denoting worse behavior. Analyses were carried out using multivariate generalized estimating equations with comparisons of outcome Z-scores to assess the relative strengths of the associations between log-blood lead and the different domains of behavior. RESULTS Mean blood lead level was 11.4 +/- 5.3 microg/dL. Blood lead was associated with higher anxiety (beta = 0.27, p = 0.01), social problems (beta = 0.20, p = 0.02), and higher scores in the ADHD index (beta = 0.17; p = 0.05). The effect estimate was highest for global executive function (beta = 0.42; p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher blood lead levels in this population of young children is associated with increased risk of neurobehavioral deficits and ADHD, with executive function and attention being particularly vulnerable domains to the effects of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Oliveira da Costa Mattos RDC, Xavier EC, Domingos Mainenti HR, Mitri Nogueira S, Ribeiro de Carvalho MA, Ramos Moreira MDF, Vargas de Carvalho LB, Tabalipa M, Borges R, Malizia Alves MDF. Evaluation of calcium excretion in Brazilian infantile and young population environmentally exposed to lead. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 28:567-75. [PMID: 19737813 DOI: 10.1177/0960327109102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure is an important issue in the research of several toxic effects resulting from the biochemical interaction between this metal and the organism. Calcium is a fundamental mineral for the maintenance of the organism homeostasis where there is interaction between lead and calcium in metabolic pathways. Environmental lead exposure by verifying the usefulness and applicability of urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) in this context was evaluated. This was an extensive socio-demographic study of the nutritional profile, lead exposure biomarkers in blood and the urine and UCa/Cr ratio. The children studied were from a low socio-economic group characterized by unsatisfactory nutritional diet. Lead environmental exposure was shown by biomarkers, with UCa/Cr ratio having positive and significant correlations with both lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALA-U), without colinearity diagnosis. There was a strong association between calcium excretion and lead exposure as a result of linear regression construction models. In children, lead increases calcium excretion which is an additional risk to infantile health. Urinary calcium/creatinine ratio may be a useful tool in the biological monitoring of lead exposure and health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Oliveira da Costa Mattos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Khan DA, Qayyum S, Saleem S, Khan FA. Lead-induced oxidative stress adversely affects health of the occupational workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 24:611-8. [PMID: 19106128 DOI: 10.1177/0748233708098127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a persistent toxic metal and associated with impairment of various body functions in occupational workers. The main objective was to determine the lead-induced oxidative stress and adverse health effects by biochemical markers in industrial workers. One hundred and forty-eight males consisting of 87 lead-exposed industrial workers and 61 controls were included. Blood lead level (BLL) was determined on a 3010B ESA lead analyzer. Blood complete counts were done on a hematology analyzer. Biochemical markers including serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, phosphate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured on a Selectra E auto analyzer. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured spectrophotometrically and C-reactive protein (CRP) on Immulite-1000. Results revealed that lead-exposed workers had significantly high BLLs, median (range), 29.1 (9.0-61.1) microg/dL compared with controls, 8.3 (1.0-21.7) microg/dL. Oxidative stress (MDA, GGT) and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity CRP) were significantly increased (P < or = 0.05). Blood pressure was raised, whereas hemoglobin was decreased in exposed group (P < or = 0.002). Serum urea, uric acid, phosphate, and ALT were significantly raised in lead-exposed workers (P < or = 0.001). Serum albumin, total proteins, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were decreased. Blood lead showed a significant positive correlation with serum GGT (r = 0.63), MDA (r = 0.71), CRP (r = 0.75), urea (r = 0.34), creatinine (r = 0.51), and uric acid (r = 0.29) (P < or = 0.01). It is concluded that lead exposure increases oxidative stress that correlates with adverse changes in hematological, renal, and hepatic function in the occupational workers. Elevated blood lead has positive correlation with oxidative stress, inflammatory and biochemical markers that might be used to detect impairment in the body function in lead exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Khan
- Department of Pathology Army Medical College, National University Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Ahamed M, Mehrotra PK, Kumar P, Siddiqui MKJ. Placental lead-induced oxidative stress and preterm delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 27:70-74. [PMID: 21783923 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that impaired oxidant/antioxidant status is involved in a variety of pregnancy complications. To elucidate the possible free radical mediated mechanism of preterm delivery due to lead exposure by determining the placental lead level and oxidant/antioxidant status in women with the preterm and full-term deliveries. Twenty-nine women with preterm deliveries (gestational age 28-37 weeks) and 31 women with full-term deliveries (gestational age >37 weeks) attending a local hospital of Lucknow, India were recruited. Placental lead level, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) level, as an end product of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant molecule glutathione (GSH) level, and activity of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the placental tissue. In the group with preterm delivery, significantly higher placental lead levels were recorded than in those of full-term (0.39μg/g vs. 0.27μg/g; p<0.05). TBARS was significantly higher while GSH was significantly lower in the placenta of women with the preterm deliveries as compared to the full-term deliveries (p<0.05 for each). Activity of antioxidant enzymes; SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR were significantly higher in the placenta of women having preterm deliveries than those of the full-term (p<0.05 for each). Furthermore, placental lead has significant positive correlations with TBARS (r=0.34, p<0.05), SOD (r=0.30, p<0.05) and CAT (r=0.41, p<0.05), and negative correlation with GSH (r=-0.31, p<0.05). There may be a number of plausible reasons for increased oxidative stress in preterm delivery. However, results of this pilot study suggest that lead-induced oxidative stress may be one of the underlying mechanism(s) of preterm delivery and emphasizes the importance of evaluating the impact of persistent environmental pollutants on adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- Indian Institute of Toxicological Research (Formerly: Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), Lucknow, India
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Company R, Serafim A, Lopes B, Cravo A, Shepherd TJ, Pearson G, Bebianno MJ. Using biochemical and isotope geochemistry to understand the environmental and public health implications of lead pollution in the lower Guadiana River, Iberia: a freshwater bivalve study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 405:109-119. [PMID: 18722647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a natural component of aquatic ecosystems with no known biological role and is highly toxic. Its toxicity stems from its ability to mimic biologically important metals and to produce membrane damage through lipid peroxidation (LPO). Most lead poisoning symptoms are thought to occur by interfering with an essential enzyme, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), the activity of which is markedly inhibited by lead. The purpose of this work was to study the levels and effects of lead pollution (responses of ALAD and oxidative stress biomarker LPO) in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea along the lower Guadiana River (Portugal and Spain); a major river system impacted by historic mining pollution and more recent anthropogenic inputs. The results show that the enzymatic activity of ALAD is negatively correlated with the total Pb concentration of the whole tissue suggesting that ALAD has considerable potential as a biomarker of lead exposure in C. fluminea. To identify the sources of lead to which bivalves have been exposed, high precision (206)Pb/(204)Pb, (207)Pb/(204)Pb, (208)Pb/(204)/Pb ratios for C. fluminea confirm that historical mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt are the dominant source of lead pollution in the lower Guadiana River. The isotope patterns however exhibit marked seasonal and geographic variation in response to rainfall and river water management. Locally, other anthropogenic sources of lead have been detected in C. fluminea close to population centres, thus adding to its versatility as a freshwater bio-indicator. Overall, the study highlights the value of natural ecosystems as monitors of water quality and their importance for public health assessment and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Company
- CIMA, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Abstract
Oxidative Stress in Painters Exposed to Low Lead LevelsLead toxicity is a public health problem particularly to the children and to occupationally exposed adults. Evidence is mounting successively regarding the adverse health effects of lead at low levels. This study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant status of lead-exposed residential and commercial painters of Lucknow city in Uttar Pradesh, India.Thirty-five painters aged 20 to 50 years who had blood lead levels ≤400 μg L-1were selected for the study from a population of 56 male painters initially screened for blood lead. The control group included an equal number of subjects of the same age group without any occupational exposure to lead.We studied the association between low lead level exposure and antioxidant status and found that blood lead levels in painters were approximately seven times as high as in controls [(219.2 ± 61.9) μg L-1vs. (30.6±10.1) μg L-1, respectively]. Among the biomarkers of lead toxicity a significant decrease in the level of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase [(9.13±4.62) UL-1vs. (39.38±5.05) UL-1] and an increase in the level of zinc protoporphyrin [(187.9±49.8) μg L-1vs. (26.4±5.5) μg L-1] were observed in painters compared to controls. Among antioxidant enzymes, painters showed a significant decrease in catalase [(56.77±11.11) UL-1vs. (230.30±42.55) UL-1] and superoxide dismutase [(0.64±0.19) UL-1 vs. (2.68±0.62) UL-1] compared to controls. Lipid peroxidation was monitored by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) that were expressed in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalents. Concentration of MDA in plasma was higher in painters than in controls [(7.48±1.31) nmol mL-1vs. (3.08±0.56) nmol mL-1]. Significant changes were also observed in reduced and oxidised glutathione levels. The strong association between blood lead levels and oxidative stress markers in this population suggests that oxidative stress should be considered in the pathogenesis of lead-related diseases among people with low level environmental exposure to lead.
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Ahamed M, Siddiqui MKJ. Low level lead exposure and oxidative stress: Current opinions. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 383:57-64. [PMID: 17573057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead continues to pose a serious threat to the health of many children as well as adults. Concern about lead exposure as a significant public health problem has increased as evidence has mounted regarding adverse health effects at successively lower levels. This issue is complicated by the fact that there is no demonstrated biological function of lead in human. Lead potentially induces oxidative stress and evidence is accumulating to support the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of lead toxicity. Lead is capable of inducing oxidative damage to brain, heart, kidneys, and reproductive organs. The mechanisms for lead-induced oxidative stress include the effects of lead on membranes, DNA, and antioxidant defense systems of cells. Recent epidemiological and toxicological studies have reported that lead exposure causes several diseases including hypertension, kidney disease, neurodegenerative disease and cognitive impairment. Although all these diseases include components of oxidative stress, the relevance of oxidative stress to lead-related diseases with low lead exposure has been criticized because most of the mechanistic studies have been conducted at moderate to higher dose levels. The association between low level lead exposure and oxidative stress has not been explored systematically. The present review focuses on mechanisms for lead-induced oxidative stress and relevance of oxidative stress to lead-related human disease with low lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahamed
- Analytical Toxicology, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box-80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India
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