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Bukhari A, Yar M, Zahra F, Nazir A, Iqbal M, Shah SAA, Yasir M, Al-Mijalli SH, Ahmad N. A novel formulation of triethyl orthoformate mediated durable, smart and antibacterial chitosan cross-linked cellulose fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126813. [PMID: 37690650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial, durable and smart cotton fabrics was developed using chitosan-based formulation. The cellulose was covalently cross-linked with chitosan using TEOF. The antibacterial activity of prepared smart fabrics and CS was studied against S. aureus and E. coli strains. The FTIR, SEM and XRD were employed to confirm the linkage of CS molecules with cellulose in cotton fabrics. The CS of 160 KDa extracted from shrimp shell showed the optimum antibacterial activity. The prominent asymmetric, symmetric alkyl CH peaks of CS were shifted to 2930 and 2845 (cm-1), respectively. Moreover, the shifted peaks at 1590 and 1400 (cm-1) indicate the CO stretching and NH2 bending bands of CS, respectively. This confirm the existence of new imine functional group that was generated after cross-linking of NH2 groups of CS. The SEM results showed more uniform morphology of TEOF cross-linked fabrics versus CS coated fabrics, which revealed a promising microbial growth inhibition activity. The TEOF as a cross-linker has been unveiled, showcasing the effectiveness of this innovative crosslinking approach. The fabric treated with cross-linked CS exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties that endured even after undergoing 30 washing cycles. These antibacterial textiles possess substantial commercial potential across a diverse range of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiah H Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
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Setiawan D, Mose JC, Kharismawati N, Zahra F, Putra MGD. Persistent Reverse End Diastolic Flow in Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery: A Rare Finding with Poor Outcomes. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1648. [PMID: 37763767 PMCID: PMC10537591 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Doppler findings of persistent reverse end-diastolic flow (PREDF) in a fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) are a very rare sonographic finding and are a marker of poor fetal condition. This finding often leads to intrauterine fetal death or early neonatal death. Reverse end-diastolic flow in the middle cerebral artery is an advanced hemodynamic event. Fetal cerebral circulation normally has a high impedance; in the event of fetal hypoxemia, impedance decreases, resulting in the central redistribution of blood flow to vital organs, which maintains the oxygen delivery to the brain. Reverse flow in the middle cerebral arteries describes the loss of this autoregulatory process. PREDF is a sequence that occurs due to increased extracranial or intracranial pressure. Previous case reports mentioned intracranial hemorrhage, fetal growth restriction, fetal anemia, and fetal hepatic abnormalities as problems leading to PREDF. This condition presumably arises due to cerebral edema associated with severe hypoxemia. We reported Doppler findings of PREDF MCA in a 33-year-old female patient at 30 weeks gestation who was referred to the hospital with severe preeclampsia accompanied by fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios. A cesarean section was performed due to severe preeclampsia and a low bishop score. Hypotheses on various etiologies and their association with intrauterine/neonatal death as well as the best management still require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Setiawan
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (N.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Johanes Cornelius Mose
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (N.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Nuniek Kharismawati
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (N.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fatima Zahra
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (N.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Gilang Dwi Putra
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
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Nandi A, Zahra F, Austrian K, Haberland N, Ngô TD. Growth failure among children of adolescent mothers at ages 0-5 and 6-12 years in India. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:139-148. [PMID: 36924008 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent motherhood has been linked with poor health outcomes at birth for children, including high neonatal mortality, low birthweight, and small-for-gestational-age rates. However, longer-term growth outcomes in the children of adolescent mothers in low-resource settings remain inadequately studied. We used longitudinal data from the India Human Development Surveys, 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 (n = 12,182) and employed regression and propensity score matching analysis to compare the following growth indicators of children born to adolescent mothers (ages 19 years or below) with those born to older mothers. Growth indicators included height and weight during ages 0-5 years and 6-12 years and change in height and weight between the two periods. In regression-based estimates, children born to adolescent mothers were 0.01 m shorter and weighed 0.2 kg less than children of older mothers at ages 0-5 years. At ages 6-12 years, those born to adolescent mothers were 0.02 m shorter and weighed 0.97 kg less. The height difference between the two groups increased by 0.01 m and the weight difference grew by 0.77 kg over time. Height and weight difference between the two groups worsened among boys over time, while for girls, only the weight gap worsened. The results were similar when using propensity score matching methods. Public policies for reducing child marriage, combined with targeted health, nutrition, and well-being programs for adolescent mothers, are essential for both preventing adolescent childbearing and reducing its impact on growth failure among children in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Nandi
- The Population Council, New York City, New York, USA.,One Health Trust, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fatima Zahra
- The Population Council, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Thoại D Ngô
- The Population Council, New York City, New York, USA
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Aziz MA, Zahra F, Razianti ZB C, Kharismawati N, Sutjighassani T, Almira NL, Tjandraprawira KD. Challenges in prenatal diagnosis of foetal anorectal malformation and hydrocolpos - Case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104949. [PMID: 36582906 PMCID: PMC9793165 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance: Foetal hydrocolpos and anorectal malformation are difficult to diagnose prenatally due to abundance of differential diagnoses. This case report presents the challenges of diagnosing such disorders. Case presentation A G3P2A0 woman came at 32 weeks of pregnancy with a referral for foetal ovarian cyst. Ultrasound revealed a singleton breech pregnancy, estimated foetal weight 3528 g. A septate abdominal cyst measuring 11.31 × 7.17 cm and polyhydramnios were present. Elective caesarean section delivered a female baby weighing 2820 g and measuring 43 cm. Neonatal examination revealed a right lateral suprapubic mass and a rectovestibular fistula. A sinoscopy revealed a suspected hydrocolpos. An abdominal hydrocolpos drainage was performed; a patent urachus and normal bilateral adnexa were present. Clinical discussion Hydrocolpos is a rare congenital disorder due to distal obstruction of various etiologies. It may be mistaken with other pathologies, including fetal ovarian cysts. A genitourinary congenital abnormality may occur in conjunction with other abnormalities, including gastrointestinal tract anomalies. The presence of imperforate anus and/or fistula should alert the clinician of a possible association with VACTERL syndrome. Conclusion Hydrocolpos is a rare congenital genitourinary disorder with various differential diagnoses. Simultaneous presence of other abnormalities is likely, with possible association to other syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia,Corresponding author.
| | - Fatima Zahra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Cut Razianti ZB
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nuniek Kharismawati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Tjut Sutjighassani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Larastri Almira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Kevin Dominique Tjandraprawira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Zahra F, Jhanjhi NZ, Brohi SN, Khan NA, Masud M, AlZain MA. Rank and Wormhole Attack Detection Model for RPL-Based Internet of Things Using Machine Learning. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6765. [PMID: 36146111 PMCID: PMC9501416 DOI: 10.3390/s22186765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of the internet of things (IoT) technology has led to numerous challenges in various life domains, such as healthcare, smart systems, and mission-critical applications. The most critical issue is the security of IoT nodes, networks, and infrastructures. IoT uses the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) for data communication among the devices. RPL comprises a lightweight core and thus does not support high computation and resource-consuming methods for security implementation. Therefore, both IoT and RPL are vulnerable to security attacks, which are broadly categorized into RPL-specific and sensor-network-inherited attacks. Among the most concerning protocol-specific attacks are rank attacks and wormhole attacks in sensor-network-inherited attack types. They target the RPL resources and components including control messages, repair mechanisms, routing topologies, and sensor network resources by consuming. This leads to the collapse of IoT infrastructure. In this paper, a lightweight multiclass classification-based RPL-specific and sensor-network-inherited attack detection model called MC-MLGBM is proposed. A novel dataset was generated through the construction of various network models to address the unavailability of the required dataset, optimal feature selection to improve model performance, and a light gradient boosting machine-based algorithm optimized for a multiclass classification-based attack detection. The results of extensive experiments are demonstrated through several metrics including confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, and recall. For further performance evaluation and to remove any bias, the multiclass-specific metrics were also used to evaluate the model, including cross-entropy, Cohn's kappa, and Matthews correlation coefficient, and then compared with benchmark research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Zahra
- School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - NZ Jhanjhi
- School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sarfraz Nawaz Brohi
- Computer Science and Creative Technologies, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Navid Ali Khan
- School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mehedi Masud
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. AlZain
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Zahra F, Haberland N, Psaki S. PROTOCOL: Causal mechanisms linking education with fertility, HIV, and child mortality: A systematic review. Campbell Syst Rev 2022; 18:e1250. [PMID: 36911344 PMCID: PMC9187904 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we will investigate the pathways linking education and health to understand why education appears to improve health in some settings or among certain populations, and not in others, as well as to inform recommendations about how best to target investments in education to maximize the benefits to health. We will seek to answer the following key research questions, focusing specifically on the mechanisms that affect fertility, HIV, and infant and child mortality. If feasible, these answers will include meta-analyses of comparable education and mediator outcomes: (1) Do changes in education affect the primary theorized mediators (e.g., knowledge, attitudes, resources, and agency; health behaviors and harmful practices) of the relationship between education and fertility, HIV and child mortality? (2) How does the relationship between these mediators and education vary across different aspects of education (e.g., grade attainment vs. literacy/numeracy vs. attendance)?
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Kämpfen F, Zahra F, Kohler HP, Kidman R. The effects of negative economic shocks at birth on adolescents’ cognitive outcomes and educational attainment in Malawi. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101085. [PMID: 35493407 PMCID: PMC9048075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide new evidence of the association between moderate negative economic shocks in utero or shortly after birth and adolescents’ cognitive outcomes and educational attainment in Malawi. This is one of the first studies to analyze the effect of not one, but multiple moderate negative economic shocks in a sub-Saharan African (SSA) low-income country (LIC). This focus is important as multiple economic shocks in early life are more representative of the experiences of adolescents in LICs. Combining data on adolescents aged 10–16 from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) project with the Malawi Longitudinal Study on Families and Health (MLSFH) (N = 1, 559), we use linear and probit regression models to show that girls whose households experienced two or more economic shocks in their year of birth have lower cognitive scores, which are measured using working memory, reading and mathematical tests. Girls also have lower educational attainment, conditional on age. These effects are gendered, as we do not observe similar effects among boys. Overall, our results point to lasting effects of early-life adversity on adolescents, and they highlight that, even in a LIC context where early-life adversity is common, policymakers need to intervene early to alleviate the potential long-term educational impacts of in utero or early life shocks among girls.
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Zahra F, Ahsan T, Lal Rehman U, Jabeen R. Clinical Spectrum and Causes of Delayed Puberty Among Patients Presenting to the Endocrine Clinic at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Cureus 2022; 14:e21574. [PMID: 35228933 PMCID: PMC8866913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Efevbera Y, Petroni S, Hastings MB, Cappa C, Austrian K, Psaki S, Ngô T, Misunas C, Makino M, Zahra F, Finnie A, Reiss F, Raj A, Johns N, Leo B, Block M. The Child Marriage Learning Partners Consortium: Connecting Data and Evidence for Action. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:S4-S5. [PMID: 34809899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Efevbera
- Gender Equality Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington.
| | | | | | - Claudia Cappa
- UNICEF, Data and Analytics Section, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Thoai Ngô
- Population Council, New York, New York
| | | | - Momoe Makino
- GIRL Center, Population Council, New York, New York; Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fatima Zahra
- GIRL Center, Population Council, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nicole Johns
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Zahra F, Austrian K, Gundi M, Psaki S, Ngo T. Drivers of Marriage and Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:S31-S38. [PMID: 34809897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have examined the relationship between age at marriage and health outcomes, but few have explored how marriage drivers are associated with health outcomes. In this study, we examine the relationship between two marriage drivers, premarital pregnancy and agency, and several health outcomes (use of maternal health care services, child health outcomes, and change in depressive symptoms) among married adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. METHODS We use three panel data sets collected by the Population Council: the Adolescent Girls Empowerment Program from Zambia (N = 660), the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study from Malawi (N = 1,041), and Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults from India (N = 894 in Bihar, N = 599 in Uttar Pradesh). Our analytical models use logistic and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS We find mixed evidence of the association between marriage drivers and health outcomes. Results show that having agency in marital partner choice in India is associated with both an increase and decrease in reported depressive symptoms. In addition, pregnancy before marriage is associated with fewer antenatal visits and hospital-based births in Malawi than pregnancy after marriage. However, we find no evidence that it is associated with worse child health outcomes than pregnancy after marriage in Malawi and Zambia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study suggests that the relationship between marriage drivers and AGYW's health outcomes after marriage is not consistent across contexts. We highlight the importance of interpreting marriage drivers within prevailing norms to understand their impact on married AGYW's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra
- GIRL Center, Population Council, Washington, DC.
| | | | - Mukta Gundi
- Poverty, Gender, and Youth, Population Council, Delhi, India
| | - Stephanie Psaki
- GIRL Center, Population Council, Washington, DC; Social and Behavioral Science Research, Population Council, New York, NY
| | - Thoai Ngo
- Poverty, Gender, and Youth, Population Council, Delhi, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluate whether community norms, caregiver beliefs, and adolescents' own beliefs and perceptions, focused on early marriage, predict adolescent marriage aspirations in a low-income context. BACKGROUND The processes that contribute to adolescent marriage aspiration formation have received little attention in low-income contexts, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding how marriage aspirations are formed is important because they are associated with critical education and health outcomes. METHOD Using data that links Malawian adolescents (N=2,089) with their caregivers (N=1,452), we analyze gender stratified ordered logistic regression models to examine key relationships. RESULTS We show that community norms for youngest acceptable marriage age predict when boys want to marry, but do not find conclusive evidence that they predict when girls want to marry. We also show that adolescents who believe it is acceptable to marry at an early age are more likely to want to marry early themselves. CONCLUSION Both community norms and adolescents' own beliefs are central to the formation of their marriage aspirations. IMPLICATIONS We recommend that programs incorporate adolescent beliefs and perceptions when designing child marriage interventions and measuring their impact. We also recommend theory-driven measurement of community norms to better evaluate their impact on both marriage aspirations and marriage age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra
- The Population Council, 4301 Connecticut Ave NW # 280, Washington, DC 20008
| | - Rachel Kidman
- Program in Public Health, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- 3718 Locust Walk, McNeil Building, Ste. 353, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Khan M, Ikram A, Zahra F, Ahmed J, Ghafoor T, Lalani F, Hassan S. Flouroquinolones Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated from Urine of Diabetics. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020; 29:1238-1239. [PMID: 31839108 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2019.12.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahra
- Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ghafoor
- Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Farida Lalani
- Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Abstract
Objective: To determine the ovarian reserve parameters in patients presenting for IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment and its association with the number of follicles retrieved and number of oocyte retrieved and fertilized. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre from January 2017 to August 2017. Around 120 couples presenting to infertility clinics selected for IVF and ICSI with Females (25-45) had their FSH, AMH and AFC done. After ovulation induction, its response was determined by number of follicles retrieved, quality of oocytes retrieved or fertilized and inseminated. SPSS version 20 was used for the purpose of data analysis. Results: The median age of the patients was 34 (29-38) years. A moderate negative correlation of age and FSH levels was observed with quality of oocytes, Number of oocyte inseminated, number of oocyte fertilized and number of follicle restored. However, a positive correlation of AMH and AFC levels were found with quality of oocytes, Number of oocyte inseminated, number of oocyte fertilized and number of follicle restored. The correlation of AMH levels with number of oocyte inseminated (rho 0.729, p-value <0.001), number of oocyte fertilized (rho 0.721, <0.001) and number of follicle restored (rho 0.723, p-value <0.001) were found strongly correlated. Conclusion: Our study concluded that AMH and AFC have a strong correlation with number of follicles restored and number of oocytes retrieved whereas FSH and age has a weak correlation with the number of follicles restored and number of oocytes retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat Ul Aman Siddiqui
- Dr. Qurat ul Aman Siddiqui, FCPS. Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre
| | - Sagheera Anjum
- Dr. Sagheera Anjum, FCPS Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry and Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahra
- Dr. Fatima Zahra, FCPS Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry and Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi Pakistan
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Raza A, Hussain J, Hussnain F, Zahra F, Mehmood S, Mahmud A, Amjad ZB, Khan MT, Asif M, Ali U, Badar IH, Nadeem M. Vegetable Waste Inclusion in Broiler Diets and its Effect on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Immunity, Meat Mineral Content and Lipid Oxidation Status. Braz J Poult Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Raza
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - J Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - F Hussnain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - F Zahra
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - ZB Amjad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - MT Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M Asif
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Pakistan
| | - U Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - IH Badar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M Nadeem
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Zahra F, Ikram A, Zaman G, Satti L, Lalani F, Khan M. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Resource Limited Setting of Rawalpindi. Open Microbiol J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with a high prevalence of about 9 million cases occurring annually. Ziehl Neelsen microscopy is the most widely used technique to detect Acid Fast Bacilli, but it is less sensitive. However, fluorescent microscopy is more helpful with simple diagnostic criteria. Gene Xpert®MTB/RIF assay is a rapid molecular assay that enables diagnosis of Tuberculosis with simultaneous detection of rifampicin resistance. Owing to this fact, we aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of Ziehl Neelsen microscopy, fluorescent microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF keeping MTB culture (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube) as a gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.Methodology:This study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi in the year 2016. Patients aged 18 to 70 years irrespective of gender with suspected TB based on history, clinical and radiological examination were included in the study. Respiratory clinical specimens including sputum, Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL), and endobronchial washings were collected. Specimens were processed by MGIT (MTB culture), ZN microscopy, fluorescent microscopy and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay.Results:A total of 352 respiratory specimens were tested among which 160 (45%) samples were positive by culture. Out of culture positive samples, 158 samples (98.7%) were GeneXpert TB positive while 2 were negative. While only 49 (30.6%) were positive on ZN microscopy and 89 (55%) were positive on fluorescent microscopy. Out of the culture negative samples, 2 were positive with ZN microscopy, one was positive with fluorescent microscopy and 3 were positive on Gene Xpert. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of ZN Smear microscopy was 39%, 99.5%, 96%, 63% and 14.5% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of fluorescent smear microscopy was 55% and 99.5%, 98%, 72% and 79% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of Gene XPERT was 98% and 99%, 98%, 99% and 98% respectively.Conclusion:In countries like Pakistan where Tuberculosis is endemic, the diagnostic accuracy with highest sensitivity and specificity was Gene Xpert Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) MTB/RIF assay which can help in well-timed diagnosis of the disease.
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Naqvi S, Naveed S, Ali Z, Ahmad SM, Asadullah Khan R, Raj H, Shariff S, Rupareliya C, Zahra F, Khan S. Correlation between Glycated Hemoglobin and Triglyceride Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2017; 9:e1347. [PMID: 28713663 PMCID: PMC5509244 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Dyslipidemia is quite prevalent in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Maintaining tight glycemic along with lipid control plays an essential role in preventing micro- and macro-vascular complications associated with diabetes. Purpose The main purpose of the study was to highlight the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and triglyceride levels. This may in turn help in predicting the triglyceride status of type 2 diabetics and therefore identifying patients at increased risk from cardiovascular events. Hypertriglyceridemia is one of the common risk factors for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Careful monitoring of the blood glucose level can be used to predict lipid status and can prevent most of the complications associated with the disease. Method This is a cross-sectional study using data collected from the outpatient diabetic clinic of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) Karachi, Pakistan. Patients of age 18 years and above were recruited from the clinic. A total of consenting 509 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled over a period of 11 months. For statistical analysis, SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0 ( IBM Corp, Armonk, New York) was used and Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to find the association between triglyceride and HbA1c. The HbA1c was dichotomized into four groups on the basis of cut-off. Chi-square was used for association between HbA1c with various cut-off values and high triglyceride levels. Odds-ratio and its 95% confidence interval were calculated to estimate the level of risk between high triglyceride levels and HbA1c groups. The p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the tests applied for significance. Result The association of high triglyceride was evaluated in four different groups of HbA1c, with a cut-off seven, eight, nine and 10 respectively. With HbA1c cut-off value of 7%, 74% patients had high triglycerides and showed a significant association with high triglyceride levels at p < 0.001 and odds ratio was 2.038 (95% confidence interval: 1.397 – 2.972). Logistic regression models were adjusted for demographic factors (age, race, gender), lifestyle factors (smoking, body mass index, lifestyle) and health status factors (blood pressure, physician-rated health status). Conclusion After adjusting for relevant covariates, glycated hemoglobin was positively correlated with high triglyceride. Hence, HbA1c can be an indicator of triglyceride level and can be one of the predictors of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Naqvi
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
| | - Shabnam Naveed
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
| | - Zeeshan Ali
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
| | | | | | - Honey Raj
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Baqai Medical College
| | | | | | | | - Saba Khan
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
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Singh S, Verma U, Shrivastava K, Khanduri S, Goel N, Zahra F, Shirivastava K. Role of color doppler in the diagnosis of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/2320-1770.ijrcog20131215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tiwari AKM, Mahdi AA, Zahra F, Sharma S, Negi MPS. Evaluation of Low Blood Lead Levels and Its Association with Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Anemic Women: A Comparative Prospective Study. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:246-52. [PMID: 26405382 PMCID: PMC4577501 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To correlate blood lead levels (BLLs) and oxidative stress parameters in pregnant anemic women. A total of 175 pregnant women were found suitable and included for this study. Following WHO criteria, 50 each were identified as non-anemic, mild anemic and moderate anemic and 25 were severe anemic. The age of all study subjects ranged from 24-41 years. At admission, BLLs and oxidative stress parameters were estimated as per standard protocols and subjected with ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and cluster analysis. Results showed significantly (p < 0.01) high BLLs, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxide (LPO) levels while low delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell (RBC) count, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in all groups of anemic pregnant women as compared with non anemic pregnant women. In all groups of pregnant women, BLLs showed significant (p < 0.01) and direct association with ZPP, GSSG and LPO while inverse relation with δ-ALAD, Fe, Se, Zn, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC, GSH, SOD, CAT and TAC. Study concluded that low BLLs perturb oxidant-antioxidant balance and negatively affected hematological parameters which may eventually Pb to Fe deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mani Tiwari
- />National Referral Centre For Lead Poisoning, UP, Department of Biochemistry, C.S.M. Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- />National Referral Centre For Lead Poisoning, UP, Department of Biochemistry, C.S.M. Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Fatima Zahra
- />Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, ELMC & Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudarshna Sharma
- />Department of Biochemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
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Zahra F, Kidwai SS, Siddiqi SA, Khan RM. Frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute ischaemic stroke patients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2012; 22:226-9. [PMID: 22482378 DOI: 04.2012/jcpsp.226229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute ischaemic stroke patients. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from June 2007 - June 2008. METHODOLOGY This study included adult patients (age > 30 years, both genders) with the diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke. Patients who were known to have diabetes mellitus prior to stroke, had a non-lacunar stroke or were admitted to intensive care units for any reason were excluded. Detailed history and examination, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile, a non-enhanced CT scan brain and electrocardiogram were done on every patient. Data were entered on a preformed proforma. The results were analyzed on SPSS version 10. Chi-square test was applied. P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 250 patients were enrolled. The male: female ratio was 1: 0.9. Mean age was observed as 60.9±10.1 years. In total, 50 new cases of diabetes mellitus were identified (20%). Average fasting blood sugar in diabetic subjects was 148±10 mg/dl. The most common risk factors in the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects were hypertension 26 (52%), smoking 18 (36%) and hyperlipidemia 14 (28%). Atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction were seen in 12 subjects (24%) and 9 subjects (18%) respectively. CONCLUSION Twenty percent patients with acute ischaemic stroke had un-diagnosed diabetes. Therefore, it is advisable to screen acute stroke patients for diabetes to reduce their long-term morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra
- Department of Medical, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre
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Mani Tiwari AK, Mahdi AA, Chandyan S, Zahra F, Godbole MM, Jaiswar SP, Srivastava VK, Singh Negi MP. Oral iron supplementation leads to oxidative imbalance in anemic women: A prospective study. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:188-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Tiwari AKM, Mahdi AA, Zahra F, Chandyan S, Srivastava VK, Negi MPS. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in pregnant anemic women. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:411-8. [PMID: 21966116 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the oxidant-antioxidant status in iron deficient pregnant anemic women. One hundred thirty pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were divided into three groups, namely mild (50), moderate (50) and severe (30) anemic along with pregnant healthy women as controls (50). The complete blood count, plasma lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were measured according to respective protocols. The levels of complete blood count, iron, ferritin along with antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were significantly reduced in all IDA groups. However, the level of oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls, conjugated dienes were found significantly increased in all anemic patients. Antioxidant vitamins, namely C, E and A were also found significantly decreased in IDA patients. On the basis of our results, it may be concluded that IDA tends to increase the pro-oxidant components, which may result in various complications including peroxidation of vital body molecules resulting in increased risk for pregnant women as well as fetus.
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Kunwar S, Faridi MMA, Singh S, Zahra F, Alizaidi Z. Pattern and determinants of breast feeding and contraceptive practices among mothers within six months postpartum. Biosci Trends 2010; 4:186-9. [PMID: 20811138 DOI: pmid/20811138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the patterns of breast feeding, return of menstruation, and contraceptive practices in the first six months postpartum in women visiting the outpatient department at a teaching hospital in Lucknow, Northern India. Mothers of infants between six to eight months of age visiting the outpatient department of Era's Lucknow Medical College were interviewed regarding breast feeding practices, return of menstruation, sexual activity, and contraceptive practices within the first six months postpartum using a structured questionnaire. Of all women interviewed only 75.8% practiced exclusive breast feeding with the mean duration of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) being 3.5 months with only 41% practicing EBF for six months, 28% were sexually active within six weeks postpartum, 64.5% women had a return of menstruation within six months. Contraception was practiced by only 54.4% women with a barrier method such as a condom, being the most common. Better education was the only factor significantly affecting EBF (p < 0.004) and use of contraception (p < 0.027). There were a total of 10 pregnancies within six months postpartum. In conclusion, optimal breast feeding practices are poor in this part of the country and lactational amenorrhoea cannot be effectively and reliably used as a method of contraception. Therefore, optimal breast feeding practices, timely introduction of contraception and institutional delivery need to be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Kunwar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, India.
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Qureshi S, Das V, Zahra F. Evaluation of visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine as cervical cancer screening tools in a low-resource setting. Trop Doct 2009; 40:9-12. [PMID: 20008057 DOI: 10.1258/td.2009.090085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In view of the failure of cytology screening programmes for cervical cancer in developing countries, the World Health Organization suggested unaided visual inspection of the cervix after an application of acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) as alternative screening methods. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of VIA and VILI compared to Pap smear as screening methods for carcinoma of the cervix in a low-resource setting. Three hundred and twenty-eight women were subjected to a Pap smear test, VIA, VILI and colposcopy. The results were as follows: Pap smear test (20.83%, specificity 98.38%), VIA (55.5%, 71.39%) and VILI (86.84%, 48.93%). Although VIA and VILI are less specific in comparison to the Pap smear test, they are more sensitive in detecting pre-invasive lesions. Hence VIA and VILI can be used as cervical cancer screening tools in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuhi Qureshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India.
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Abstract
Subacute puerperal inversion of the uterus is preferably managed by surgery. Conservative management by Aveling's repositor or vaginal packing was cumbersome and took long. However, a long surgery scar over the uterus carries a high risk of uterine rupture in the next pregnancy. A series of four village women with subacute puerperal inversion of the uterus were treated with vaginal packing. A twice-daily rigorous routine of dressing and packing of the uterus was followed, along with supportive treatment. The uterus was raised high in the pelvis so as to stretch the round ligaments, which then slowly pulled out the fundus in about a month. The vaginal packing method may be sincerely attempted in young women from remote areas, as this would reduce the risk of uterine rupture in the next pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Chandra
- Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Sarfaraz Ganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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Garg R, Zahra F, Chandra JA, Vatsal P. A comparative study of injection placentrex and conventional therapy in treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. J Indian Med Assoc 2008; 106:463-467. [PMID: 18975504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To compare the effect of placentrex injection given along with conventional therapy, with conventional treatment alone on the symptoms and signs of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) ie, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhoea and adnexal tenderness, 50 out of 100 women with PID were randomly assigned to receive intramuscular placentrex injection along with two-week conventional therapy and 50 received conventional treatment only. Abdominal pain, dysmenorrhoea and adnexal tenderness were evaluated at the end of 2 months. There was marked reduction in the sign of adnexal tenderness in the placentrex group as compared to conventional treatment group (p < 0.001). Subjective symptoms of lower abdominal pain and dysmenorrhoea were also relieved better in placentrex group (p < 0.01 and 0.05 respectively). This study showed significant and persistent improvement of signs and symptoms of PID in women who received injection placentrex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow 226003
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