1
|
Evans LW, Durbin-Johnson B, Sutton KJ, Yam P, Bouzid YY, Cervantes E, Bonnel E, Stephenson CB, Bennett BJ. Specific circulating miRNAs are associated with plasma lipids in a healthy American cohort. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:492-505. [PMID: 38557280 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00087.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is both a therapeutic target and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). MicroRNA (miRNA) has been shown to regulate cholesterol homeostasis, and miRNA in blood circulation has been linked to hypercholesterolemia. However, few studies to date have associated miRNA with phenotypes like LDL-c in a healthy population. To this end, we analyzed circulating miRNA in relation to LDL-c in a healthy cohort of 353 participants using two separate bioinformatic approaches. The first approach found that miR-15b-5p and miR-16-5p were upregulated in individuals with at-risk levels of LDL-c. The second approach identified two miRNA clusters, one that positively and a second that negatively correlated with LDL-c. Included in the cluster that positively correlated with LDL-c were miR-15b-5p and miR-16-5p, as well as other miRNA from the miR-15/107, miR-30, and let-7 families. Cross-species analyses suggested that several miRNAs that associated with LDL-c are conserved between mice and humans. Finally, we examined the influence of diet on circulating miRNA. Our results robustly linked circulating miRNA with LDL-c, suggesting that miRNA could be used as biomarkers for hypercholesterolemia or targets for developing cholesterol-lowering drugs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study explored the association between circulating microRNA (miRNA) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in a healthy population of 353 participants. Two miRNAs, miR-15b-5p and miR-16-5p, were upregulated in individuals with at-risk LDL-c levels. Several miRNA clusters were positively and negatively correlated with LDL-c and are known to target mRNA involved in lipid metabolism. The study also investigated the influence of diet on circulating miRNA, suggesting potential biomarkers for hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- USDA-ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Kristen J Sutton
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Phoebe Yam
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Yasmine Y Bouzid
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Eduardo Cervantes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ellen Bonnel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Charles B Stephenson
- USDA-ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Brian J Bennett
- USDA-ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keshavarz R, Reiner Ž, Zengin G, Eid AH, Sahebkar A. MicroRNA-mediated Regulation of LDL Receptor: Biological and Pharmacological Implications. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1830-1838. [PMID: 37026494 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230407091652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the main causes of atherosclerosis is a disruption in cellular cholesterol hemostasis. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is an important factor in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis by the receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles. Defective hepatic LDLR activity and uptake of LDL particles lead to elevated blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. LDLR expression can be affected by microRNAs (miRNAs). Some miRNAs, like miR-148a, miR-185, miR-224, miR-520, miR-128-1, miR-27a/b, miR-130b, and miR-301 seem to be important post-transcriptional regulators of LDLR related genes. These findings indicate the critical role of miRNAs in regulating LDL metabolism. The aim of this review was to provide insight into the miRNAs involved in LDLR activity and their potential roles in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Keshavarz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang JY, Ren CQ, Cao YN, Ren Y, Zou L, Zhou C, Peng LX. Role of MicroRNAs in Dietary Interventions for Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14396-14412. [PMID: 37782460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic syndromes pose a serious threat to human health and quality of life. A proper diet is a safe and effective strategy to prevent and control obesity, thus maintaining overall health. However, no consensus exists on the connotations of proper diet, and it is attributed to various factors, including "nutritional dark matter" and the "matrix effect" of food. Accumulating evidence confirms that obesity is associated with the in vivo levels of miRNAs, which serve as potential markers and regulatory targets for obesity onset and progression; food-derived miRNAs can regulate host obesity by targeting the related genes or gut microbiota across the animal kingdom. Host miRNAs mediate food nutrient-gut microbiota-obesity interactions. Thus, miRNAs are important correlates of diet and obesity onset. This review outlines the recent findings on miRNA-mediated food interventions for obesity, thereby elucidating their potential applications. Overall, we provide new perspectives and views on the evaluation of dietary nutrition, which may bear important implications for dietary control and obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qin Ren
- Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan, Sichuan 623002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim N, Lee S, Jung EJ, Jung EY, Chang UJ, Jin CM, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation. Foods 2023; 12:3466. [PMID: 37761175 PMCID: PMC10528377 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of yeast hydrolysate (YH) on lipogenesis, elucidate its mechanistic action, and identify the active compounds responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects. YH (2 mg/mL) significantly reduced Oil Red O-stained lipids. YH (2 mg/mL) also downregulated C/EBPβ and upregulated KLF2, both of which are early adipogenic factors. Moreover, YH (2 mg/mL) decreased C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, ACC, and HMGCR mRNA expression. Additionally, YH significantly downregulated SEBP1c and SREBP2 and their target genes, which govern fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism; however, 2 mg/mL YH had a greater suppressive effect on SREBP1c than on SREBP2. YH (2 mg/mL) also significantly reduced the mRNA level of G6PD and malic enzyme, which are enzymes that synthesize NADPH for lipid synthesis, compared with the control. Furthermore, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) was identified as the active compound with anti-adipogenic effects using solvent fractionation and chromatographic analysis of YH, and 1.1 μg/mL MTCA significantly downregulated SREBP1c/SREBP2 mRNAs by 47.8% and 69.2%, respectively, along with the target genes FAS, ACC, and HMGCR by 79.0%, 77.0%, and 40.9%, respectively. Collectively, YH effectively suppressed adipogenic lipid storage by downregulating SREBP- and NADPH-synthesizing genes. These findings suggest that YH containing MTCA has the potential to act as an anti-obesity agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nari Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sekyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (S.L.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea;
| | - Un-Jae Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheng-Min Jin
- Analysis and Research Department, NeuroVIS, Inc., Hwaseong-si 18469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (S.L.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pordel S, Khorrami M, Saadatpour F, Rezaee D, Cho WC, Jahani S, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Hashemi E, Najafi S. The role of microRNA-185 in the pathogenesis of human diseases: A focus on cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154729. [PMID: 37639952 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely-studied class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their short length (18-25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well-elucidated; however, an increasing number of studies suggest their involvement in various physiologic processes and deregulation in pathologic conditions. miRNA-185 (miR-185) is among the mostly-studied miRNAs in human diseases, which is found to play putative roles in conditions like metabolic disorders, asthma, frailty, schizophrenia, and hepatitis. Notably, many cancer studies report the downregulation of miR-185 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and plasma specimens of patients, while it demonstrates a suppressing role on the malignant properties of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, miR-185 can be considered a tumor suppressor miRNA in human malignancies, while a few studies also report inconsistent findings. Being suggested as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker, mi-185 is also found to offer clinical potentials, particularly for early diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we have outlined the studies that have evaluated the functions and clinical significance of miR-185 in different human diseases with a particular focus on cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Pordel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Motahare Khorrami
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Hashemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dlouha D, Blaha M, Huckova P, Lanska V, Hubacek JA, Blaha V. Long-Term LDL-Apheresis Treatment and Dynamics of Circulating miRNAs in Patients with Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1571. [PMID: 37628623 PMCID: PMC10454435 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is a therapeutic option for patients with severe hypercholesterolemia who have persistently elevated LDL-C levels despite attempts at drug therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), important posttranscriptional gene regulators, are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to monitor the dynamics of twenty preselected circulating miRNAs in patients under long-term apheresis treatment. Plasma samples from 12 FH patients (men = 50%, age = 55.3 ± 12.2 years; mean LA overall treatment time = 13.1 ± 7.8 years) were collected before each apheresis therapy every sixth month over the course of four years of treatment. Eight complete follow-up (FU) samples were measured in each patient. Dynamic changes in the relative quantity of 6 miRNAs (miR-92a, miR-21, miR-126, miR-122, miR-26a, and miR-185; all p < 0.04) during FU were identified. Overall apheresis treatment time influenced circulating miR-146a levels (p < 0.04). In LDLR mutation homozygotes (N = 5), compared to heterozygotes (N = 7), we found higher plasma levels of miR-181, miR-126, miR-155, and miR-92a (all p < 0.03). Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors (N = 6) affected the plasma levels of 7 miRNAs (miR-126, miR-122, miR-26a, miR-155, miR-125a, miR-92a, and miR-27a; all p < 0.04). Long-term monitoring has shown that LA in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia influences plasma circulating miRNAs involved in endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation, and plaque development. The longer the treatment using LA, the better the miRNA milieu depicting the potential cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dlouha
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Milan Blaha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavlina Huckova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Vera Lanska
- Statistical Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaroslav Alois Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (J.A.H.)
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Blaha
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine—Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramanathan R, Hatzios SK. Activity-based Tools for Interrogating Host Biology During Infection. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200095. [PMID: 37744997 PMCID: PMC10512441 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Host cells sense and respond to pathogens by dynamically regulating cell signaling. The rapid modulation of signaling pathways is achieved by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that can alter protein structure, function, and/or binding interactions. By using chemical probes to broadly profile changes in enzyme function or side-chain reactivity, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) can reveal PTMs that regulate host-microbe interactions. While ABPP has been widely utilized to uncover microbial mechanisms of pathogenesis, in this review, we focus on more recent applications of this technique to the discovery of host PTMs and enzymes that modulate signaling within infected cells. Collectively, these advances underscore the importance of ABPP as a tool for interrogating the host response to infection and identifying potential targets for host-directed therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Stavroula K. Hatzios
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khalifeh M, Santos RD, Oskuee RK, Badiee A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Sahebkar A. A novel regulatory facet for hypertriglyceridemia: The role of microRNAs in the regulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein biosynthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101197. [PMID: 36400247 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the major leading global causes of death. Genetic and epidemiological studies strongly support the causal association between triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TAGRL) and atherogenesis, even in statin-treated patients. Recent genetic evidence has clarified that variants in several key genes implicated in TAGRL metabolism are strongly linked to the increased ASCVD risk. There are several triacylglycerol-lowering agents; however, new therapeutic options are in development, among which are miRNA-based therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that negatively modulate gene expression through translational repression or degradation of target mRNAs, thereby reducing the levels of functional genes. MiRNAs play a crucial role in the development of hypertriglyceridemia as several miRNAs are dysregulated in both synthesis and clearance of TAGRL particles. MiRNA-based therapies in ASCVD have not yet been applied in human trials but are attractive. This review provides a concise overview of current interventions for hypertriglyceridemia and the development of novel miRNA and siRNA-based drugs. We summarize the miRNAs involved in the regulation of key genes in the TAGRLs synthesis pathway, which has gained attention as a novel target for therapeutic applications in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Role of microRNA-185 in the FoxO1-CYP7A1 mediated regulation of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism: A novel target for drug discovery? Atherosclerosis 2022; 348:53-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
10
|
MicroRNA-185 modulates CYP7A1 mediated cholesterol-bile acid metabolism through post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of FoxO1. Atherosclerosis 2022; 348:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Tan W, Wang G, Liu G, You D, Wei M, Jin X, Zhao W, Zheng M. The elevation of miR-185-5p alleviates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro via SREBP2 activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1729-1742. [PMID: 35172278 PMCID: PMC8908921 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SREBP2, a member of the SREBP family, is a primary regulator of lipid metabolism. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have suggested that miRNAs regulate lipid metabolism-related genes. It was speculated in this study that miRNAs may be implicated in the regulation of lipid accumulation in macrophages by SREBP2 protein. METHODS AND RESULTS GSE34812, GSE132651 and GSE28829 datasets comprised of atherosclerosis samples were downloaded to explore the gene expression profiles related to the miRNAs and SREBP2, and miR-185-5p was predicted to be a target of SREBP2. The GO annotations and KEGG pathway analysis were adopted for functional classification of differentially expressed genes, and lipid metabolic process was an enriched pathway in atherosclerosis. Besides, the effects of SREBP2 on increasing lipid accumulation were investigated in vivo using miR-185-5p mimic/apoE-/- mice and miR-185-5p NC/apoE-/- mice. All mice fed with a HFD suffered from atherosclerosis. Moreover, the effects of miR-185-5p on atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice were analyzed. An in vitro assay was also performed to determine the effect of miR-185-5p on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, miR-185-5p mimic was transfected into cultured macrophages. The results showed that the miR-185-5p elevation might regulate lipid accumulation in mice by targeting SREBP2. Furthermore, miR-185-5p mimic repressed the activation of SREBP1, SREBP2, LDLR, SCD-1, HMGCR as well as NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α in HFD fed mice or ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS our study demonstrated that miR-185-5p effectively alleviates atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation by regulating the miR-185-5p/SREBP2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Daofeng You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojing Jin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Loscalzo G, Scheel J, Ibañez-Cabellos JS, García-Lopez E, Gupta S, García-Gimenez JL, Mena-Mollá S, Perales-Marín A, Morales-Roselló J. Overexpression of microRNAs miR-25-3p, miR-185-5p and miR-132-3p in Late Onset Fetal Growth Restriction, Validation of Results and Study of the Biochemical Pathways Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010293. [PMID: 35008715 PMCID: PMC8745308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In a prospective study, 48 fetuses were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound after 34 weeks and classified, according to the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and estimated fetal weight (EFW), into fetuses with normal growth and fetuses with late-onset fetal growth restriction (LO-FGR). Overexpression of miRNAs from neonatal cord blood belonging to LO-FGR fetuses, was validated by real-time PCR. In addition, functional characterization of overexpressed miRNAs was performed by analyzing overrepresented pathways, gene ontologies, and prioritization of synergistically working miRNAs. Three miRNAs: miR-25-3p, miR-185-5p and miR-132-3p, were significantly overexpressed in cord blood of LO-FGR fetuses. Pathway and gene ontology analysis revealed over-representation of certain molecular pathways associated with cardiac development and neuron death. In addition, prioritization of synergistically working miRNAs highlighted the importance of miR-185-5p and miR-25-3p in cholesterol efflux and starvation responses associated with LO-FGR phenotypes. Evaluation of miR-25-3p; miR-132-3p and miR-185-5p might serve as molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of LO-FGR; improving the understanding of its influence on adult disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Loscalzo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (J.M.-R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (J.S.)
| | - José Santiago Ibañez-Cabellos
- EpiDisease S.L, Parc Científic, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.S.I.-C.); (E.G.-L.); (J.L.G.-G.); (S.M.-M.)
- Consortium Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carrer d’Alvaro de Bazan, 10, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva García-Lopez
- EpiDisease S.L, Parc Científic, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.S.I.-C.); (E.G.-L.); (J.L.G.-G.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - José Luis García-Gimenez
- EpiDisease S.L, Parc Científic, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.S.I.-C.); (E.G.-L.); (J.L.G.-G.); (S.M.-M.)
- Consortium Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carrer d’Alvaro de Bazan, 10, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena-Mollá
- EpiDisease S.L, Parc Científic, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.S.I.-C.); (E.G.-L.); (J.L.G.-G.); (S.M.-M.)
- Institute of Health Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Perales-Marín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (J.M.-R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Morales-Roselló
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (J.M.-R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen C, Matye D, Wang Y, Li T. Liver-specific microRNA-185 knockout promotes cholesterol dysregulation in mice. LIVER RESEARCH 2021; 5:232-238. [PMID: 35173984 PMCID: PMC8846416 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver plays a key role in regulating whole body cholesterol homeostasis. Hepatic cholesterol accumulation causes liver injury in fatty liver disease and hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have been shown to regulate various pathways in cholesterol metabolism. Recently, miR-185 has been shown to regulate sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) to modulate cholesterol synthesis and uptake. MATERIALS AND METHODS The role of miR-185 in regulating diet-induced metabolic disorders were studied in liver-specific miRNA-185 knockout (L-miR-185 KO) mice. RESULTS L-miR-185 KO mice developed worsened hepatic steatosis upon high fat high cholesterol Western diet feeding with accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol in the liver. In addition, L-miR-185 KO mice developed hypercholesterolemia upon Western diet feeding. Gene expression analysis showed that L-miR-185 KO mice did not show increased hepatic mRNA expression of SREBP2 or its targets LDLR and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Although expression of miR-185 mimic inhibited the mRNA of SREBP2, HMGCR and LDLR in HepG2 cells, miR-185 inhibitor did not increase the mRNA of SREBP2, HMGCR or LDLR in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we reported that L-miR-185 KO mice were more sensitive to Western diet induced hepatic steatosis and hypercholesterolemia. The molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic changes remain to be investigated in future studies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Krittanawong C, Khawaja M, Rosenson RS, Amos CI, Nambi V, Lavie CJ, Virani SS. Association of PCSK9 Variants With the Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Variable Responses to PCSK9 Inhibitor Therapy. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 47:101043. [PMID: 34780866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms or variations, randomly distributed in a population, may cause drug-gene response variations. Investigation into these polymorphisms may identify novel mechanisms contributing to a specific disease process. Such investigation necessitates the use of Mendelian randomization, an analytical method that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors that affect population health.1 In the past decade, advances in our understanding of genetic polymorphisms have enabled the identification of genetic variants in candidate genes that impact low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) regulating pathways and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. A specific candidate gene of interest is that of the LDL receptor degrading protein, PCSK9. In fact, loss-of-function genetic variants for the PCSK9 gene are what first highlighted this pathway as a candidate for pharmacologic inhibition. PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are a class of cholesterol-lowering medications that provide significant reductions in LDL by inhibiting the degradation of LDL receptors (LDLR). These inhibitors have also been found to reduce production and enhance clearance of lipoprotein A (Lp[a]), an LDL-like particle currently under study as a separate risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD. Here, we discuss the promise of personalized medicine in developing a more efficacious and individualized pharmacogenomics-based approach for the use of PCSK9i that considers genetic variation and targets different patient populations. This review explores the pharmacogenomics of PCSK9i in the context of PCSK9 allele variants related to drug-metabolizing enzymes and responses since more studies are demonstrating that some patients are hyporesponsive or non-responsive to PCSK9i.2 In summary, the pharmacogenomics of PCSK9 are a promising therapeutic target and genetic information from prospective randomized clinical trials is warranted to gain a full understanding of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of such allele and/or gene-guided PCSK9i therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Muzamil Khawaja
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Director, Cardiometabolics Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, NY, NY
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Vijay Nambi
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Salim S Virani
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhattarai A, Likos EM, Weyman CM, Shukla GC. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism: A microRNA management perspective. Steroids 2021; 173:108878. [PMID: 34174291 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular disruption of lipid and cholesterol metabolism results in pathological processes linked to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Classically, at the transcription stages, the Cholesterol levels are controlled by two cellular pathways. First, the SREBP transcription factor family controls Cholesterol biosynthesis via transcriptional regulation of critical rate-limiting cholesterogenic and lipogenic proteins. Secondly, The LXR/RXR transcription factor family controls cholesterol shuttling via transcriptional regulation of cholesterol transport proteins. In addition, the posttranscriptional control of gene expression of various enzymes and proteins of cholesterol biosynthesis pathways is mediated by small non-coding microRNAs. Regulatory noncoding miRNAs are critical regulators of biological processes, including developmental and metabolic functions. miRNAs function to fine-tune lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathways by controlling the mRNA levels and translation of critical molecules in each pathway. This review discusses the regulatory roles of miRNAs in cholesterol and lipid metabolism via direct and indirect effects on their target genes, including SREBP, LXR, HDL, LDL, and ABCA transporters. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of miRNA functions and their purported role in the potentiation of small molecule therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Bhattarai
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Eviania M Likos
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Crystal M Weyman
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun X, Deng K, Zang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao B, Fan J, Huang L. Exploring the regulatory roles of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106898. [PMID: 34302990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure. Recent evidence has shown that circRNAs can regulate gene transcription, alternative splicing, microRNA (miRNA) "molecular sponges", RNA-binding proteins and protein translation. Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and more studies have indicated that circRNAs are related to atherosclerosis pathogenesis, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammation and lipid metabolism. In this review, we systematically summarize the biogenesis, characteristics and functions of circRNAs with a focus on their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng H, Wan J, Shan Y, Song X, Jin J, Su Q, Chen S, Lu X, Yang J, Li Q, Song Y, Li B. MicroRNA-185-5p inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduces fasting blood glucose levels by suppressing G6Pase. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:7829-7843. [PMID: 34335967 PMCID: PMC8315058 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to contribute to many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of miR-185-5p in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Methods: MicroRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. High-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and db/db mice, a genetic mouse model for diabetes, were used for examining the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blotting were performed to measure the expression levels of various genes and proteins. Luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the regulatory roles of miR-185-5p on G6Pase expression. Results: Hepatic miR-185-5p expression was significantly decreased during fasting or insulin resistance. Locked nucleic acid (LNA)-mediated suppression of miR-185-5p increased blood glucose and hepatic gluconeogenesis in healthy mice. In contrast, overexpression of miR-185-5p in db/db mice alleviated blood hyperglycemia and decreased gluconeogenesis. At the molecular level, miR-185-5p directly inhibited G6Pase expression by targeting its 3'-untranslated regions. Furthermore, metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, could upregulate miR-185-5p expression to suppress G6Pase, leading to hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibition. Conclusions/interpretation: Our findings provided a novel insight into the role of miR-185-5p that suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis and alleviated hyperglycemia by targeting G6Pase. We further identified that the /G6Pase axis mediated the inhibitory effect of metformin on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, miR-185-5p might be a therapeutic target for hepatic glucose overproduction and fasting hyperglycemia.
Collapse
|
18
|
Circular RNA circUBR4 regulates ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through miR-185-5p/FRS2 axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3899-3910. [PMID: 34159479 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play vital roles in atherosclerosis. However, the precise roles of circUBR4 in atherosclerosis remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulatory roles of circUBR4 in atherosclerosis. The expression levels of circUBR4, miR-185-5p, and Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to mimic atherosclerosis condition in vitro. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT), colony-forming, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to assess cell migration. The interaction relationship between miR-185-5p and circUBR4 or FRS2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. CircUBR4 was overexpressed in atherosclerosis patients and VSMCs treated with ox-LDL, and the knockdown of circUBR4 abolished ox-LDL-induced enhanced effects on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. MiR-185-5p, interacted with FRS2, was a target of circUBR4 in VSMCs. The silencing of miR-185-5p reversed the effects caused by circUBR4 knockdown on ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. In addition, overexpression of miR-185-5p suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by targeting FRS2. CircUBR4 contributed to ox-LDL-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through up-regulating FRS2 via miR-185-5p.
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan AA, Sundar P, Natarajan B, Gupta V, Arige V, Reddy SS, Barthwal MK, Mahapatra NR. An evolutionarily-conserved promoter allele governs HMG-CoA reductase expression in spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:140-152. [PMID: 34081950 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. The regulation of Hmgcr in rat models of genetic hypertension (viz. Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat [SHR] and its normotensive control Wistar/Kyoto [WKY] strain) is unclear. Interestingly, Hmgcr transcript and protein levels are diminished in liver tissues of SHR as compared to WKY. This observation is consistent with the diminished plasma cholesterol level in SHR animals. However, the molecular basis of these apparently counter-intuitive findings remains completely unknown. Sequencing of the Hmgcr promoter in SHR and WKY strains reveals three variations: A-405G, C-62T and a 11 bp insertion (-398_-388insTGCGGTCCTCC) in SHR. Among these variations, A-405G occurs at an evolutionarily-conserved site among many mammals. Moreover, SHR-Hmgcr promoter displays lower activity than WKY-Hmgcr promoter in various cell lines. Transient transfections of Hmgcr-promoter mutants and in silico analysis suggest altered binding of Runx3 and Srebf1 across A-405G site. On the other hand, C-62T and -398_-388insTGCGGTCCTCC variations do not appear to contribute to the reduced Hmgcr promoter activity in SHR as compared to WKY. Indeed, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirm differential binding of Runx3 and Srebf1 to Hmgcr promoter leading to reduced expression of Hmgcr in SHR as compared to WKY under basal as well as cholesterol-modulated conditions. Taken together, this study provides, for the first time, molecular basis for diminished Hmgcr expression in SHR animals, which may account for the reduced circulating cholesterol level in this widely-studied model for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar A Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Poovitha Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Bhargavi Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vinayak Gupta
- Bennett University, Plot No. 8-11, Techzone II, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Santosh Reddy
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manoj K Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Proto MC, Fiore D, Piscopo C, Pagano C, Galgani M, Bruzzaniti S, Laezza C, Gazzerro P, Bifulco M. Lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathway in COVID-19: Basic concepts and potential therapeutic targets. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101099. [PMID: 33915202 PMCID: PMC8074527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite encouraging progresses achieved in the management of viral diseases, efficient strategies to counteract infections are still required. The current global challenge highlighted the need to develop a rapid and cost-effective strategy to counteract the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in viral infections. Viruses can use the host lipid machinery to support their life cycle and to impair the host immune response. The altered expression of mevalonate pathway-related genes, induced by several viruses, assures survival and spread in host tissue. In some infections, statins, HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors, reduce cholesterol in the plasma membrane of permissive cells resulting in lower viral titers and failure to internalize the virus. Statins can also counteract viral infections through their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Beyond statins, interfering with the mevalonate pathway could have an adjuvant effect in therapies aimed at mitigating endothelial dysfunction and deregulated inflammation in viral infection. In this review we depicted the historical and current evidence highlighting how lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathway targeting represents a valid approach to rapidly neutralize viruses, focusing our attention to their potential use as effective targets to hinder SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. Pros and cons of statins and Mevalonate-pathway inhibitors have been also dissected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Chiara Piscopo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang D, Wang X, Wang L, Zhang J, Ma J, Xia G, Hong B. Antisense microRNA185 loaded liposome for efficient inhibition of the hepatic endogenous microRNA185 level. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 161:105803. [PMID: 33722732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA185 (miR185), an endogenous noncoding RNA with 23 nucleotides, is one of key posttranscriptional modulators of cholesterol metabolism in hepatic cells. The antisense inhibitor of miR185 (miR185i) could decrease cholesterol level in vivo, providing a promising agent for anti-atherosclerosis strategy. In this work, a novel LipomiR185i was constructed by thin film hydration method and post-PEGylation as DOPE: DOTAP: Chol: DSPE-PEG2000 at the molar ratio of 1:1:1:0.1 with a nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio of 3, through the optimization of three cationic lipids (DOTAP, DODMA and DLin-MC3-DMA), six helper lipids (PC-98T, HSPC, DOPE, DMPC, DPPC and DSPC), different amounts and incorporation approaches of DSPE-PEG2000 and nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio. LipomiR185i was characterized with a particle size of 174 ± 11 nm, a zeta potential of 7.0 ± 3.3 mV, high encapsulation efficiency and transfection activity. It could protect miR185i from the rapid degradation by nucleases in serum, enhance cellular uptake and promote lysosomal escape in HepG2 cells. LipomiR185i could accumulate in the liver and remain for at least two weeks. More importantly, LipomiR185i significantly down-regulated the hepatic endogenous miR185 level in vitro and in vivo without significant tissue damage at 14 mg⋅kg-1. The construction of LipomiR185i provides a potential anti-atherosclerotic nanodrug as well as a platform for delivering small RNAs to the liver efficiently and safely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Hong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Citrin KM, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y. MicroRNA regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1495:55-77. [PMID: 33521946 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Since many microRNAs have multiple mRNA targets, they are uniquely positioned to regulate the expression of several molecules and pathways simultaneously. For example, the multiple stages of cholesterol metabolism are heavily influenced by microRNA activity. Understanding the scope of microRNAs that control this pathway is highly relevant to diseases of perturbed cholesterol metabolism, most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis is a common cause of CVD that involves inflammation and the accumulation of cholesterol-laden cells in the arterial wall. However, several different cell types participate in atherosclerosis, and perturbations in cholesterol homeostasis may have unique effects on the specialized functions of these various cell types. Therefore, our review discusses the current knowledge of microRNA-mediated control of cholesterol homeostasis, followed by speculation as to how these microRNA-mRNA target interactions might have distinctive effects on different cell types that participate in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Citrin
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Filip R, Desrochers GF, Lefebvre DM, Reed A, Singaravelu R, Cravatt BF, Pezacki JP. Profiling of MicroRNA Targets Using Activity-Based Protein Profiling: Linking Enzyme Activity to MicroRNA-185 Function. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:202-212.e6. [PMID: 33450181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as cellular signal transducers through repression of protein translation. Elucidating targets using bioinformatics and traditional quantitation methods is often insufficient to uncover global miRNA function. Herein, alteration of protein function caused by miRNA-185 (miR-185), an immunometabolic miRNA, was determined using activity-based protein profiling, transcriptomics, and lipidomics. Fluorophosphonate-based activity-based protein profiling of miR-185-induced changes to human liver cells revealed that exclusively metabolic serine hydrolase enzymes were regulated in activity, some with roles in lipid and endocannabinoid metabolism. Lipidomic analysis linked enzymatic changes to levels of cellular lipid species, such as components of very-low-density lipoprotein particles. Additionally, inhibition of one miR-185 target, monoglyceride lipase, led to decreased hepatitis C virus levels in an infectious model. Overall, the approaches used here were able to identify key functional changes in serine hydrolases caused by miR-185 that are targetable pharmacologically, such that a small molecule inhibitor can recapitulate the miRNA phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Filip
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Geneviève F Desrochers
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David M Lefebvre
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alex Reed
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
La Sala L, Crestani M, Garavelli S, de Candia P, Pontiroli AE. Does microRNA Perturbation Control the Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Diabetes? Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010143. [PMID: 33375647 PMCID: PMC7795227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the pathological mechanisms underlying the mutual development of obesity and T2D are difficult to define, a better understanding of the molecular aspects is of utmost importance to identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, a class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as key modulators of metabolic abnormalities. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of intra- and extracellular miRNAs as determinants of the crosstalk between adipose tissues, liver, skeletal muscle and other organs, triggering the paracrine communication among different tissues. miRNAs may be considered as risk factors for CVD due to their correlation with cardiovascular events, and in particular, may be related to the most prominent risk factors. In this review, we describe the associations observed between miRNAs expression levels and the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, we sought to depict the molecular aspect of the interplay between obesity and diabetes, investigating the role of microRNAs in the interorgan crosstalk. Finally, we discussed the fascinating hypothesis of the loss of protective factors, such as antioxidant defense systems regulated by such miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia La Sala
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Dysmetabolic Disease, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Paola de Candia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Dysmetabolic Disease, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonio E. Pontiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Assmann TS, Cuevas-Sierra A, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Martínez JA. Comprehensive Analysis Reveals Novel Interactions between Circulating MicroRNAs and Gut Microbiota Composition in Human Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249509. [PMID: 33327530 PMCID: PMC7765005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The determinants that mediate the interactions between microRNAs and the gut microbiome impacting on obesity are scarcely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible interactions between circulating microRNAs and gut microbiota composition in obesity. Method: The sample comprised 78 subjects with obesity (cases, body mass index (BMI): 30–40 kg/m2) and 25 eutrophic individuals (controls, BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2). The expression of 96 microRNAs was investigated in plasma of all individuals using miRCURY LNA miRNA Custom PCR Panels. Bacterial DNA sequencing was performed following the Illumina 16S protocol. The FDR correction was used for multiple comparison analyses. Results: A total of 26 circulating microRNAs and 12 bacterial species were found differentially expressed between cases and controls. Interestingly, an interaction among three miRNAs (miR-130b-3p, miR-185-5p and miR-21-5p) with Bacteroides eggerthi and BMI levels was evidenced (r2 = 0.148, p = 0.004). Moreover, these microRNAs regulate genes that participate in metabolism-related pathways, including fatty acid degradation, insulin signaling and glycerolipid metabolism. Conclusions: This study characterized an interaction between the abundance of 4 bacterial species and 14 circulating microRNAs in relation to obesity. Moreover, the current study also suggests that miRNAs may serve as a communication mechanism between the gut microbiome and human hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taís Silveira Assmann
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (T.S.A.); (A.C.-S.); (J.I.R.-B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (T.S.A.); (A.C.-S.); (J.I.R.-B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - José Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (T.S.A.); (A.C.-S.); (J.I.R.-B.); (J.A.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA—Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (T.S.A.); (A.C.-S.); (J.I.R.-B.); (J.A.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA—Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (T.S.A.); (A.C.-S.); (J.I.R.-B.); (J.A.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA—Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bjornsson E, Gunnarsdottir K, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson A, Arnadottir GA, Jonsson H, Olafsdottir EF, Niehus S, Kehr B, Sveinbjörnsson G, Gudmundsdottir S, Helgadottir A, Andersen K, Thorleifsson G, Eyjolfsson GI, Olafsson I, Sigurdardottir O, Saemundsdottir J, Jonsdottir I, Magnusson OT, Masson G, Stefansson H, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorgeirsson G, Holm H, Halldorsson BV, Melsted P, Norddahl GL, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. Lifelong Reduction in LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol due to a Gain-of-Function Mutation in LDLR. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 14:e003029. [PMID: 33315477 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations in the LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor gene (LDLR) cause elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease. To date, a gain-of-function mutation in LDLR with a large effect on LDL cholesterol levels has not been described. Here, we searched for sequence variants in LDLR that have a large effect on LDL cholesterol levels. METHODS We analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 43 202 Icelanders. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and structural variants including deletions, insertions, and duplications were genotyped using whole-genome sequencing-based data. LDL cholesterol associations were carried out in a sample of >100 000 Icelanders with genetic information (imputed or whole-genome sequencing). Molecular analyses were performed using RNA sequencing and protein expression assays in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes. RESULTS We discovered a 2.5-kb deletion (del2.5) overlapping the 3' untranslated region of LDLR in 7 heterozygous carriers from a single family. Mean level of LDL cholesterol was 74% lower in del2.5 carriers than in 101 851 noncarriers, a difference of 2.48 mmol/L (96 mg/dL; P=8.4×10-8). Del2.5 results in production of an alternative mRNA isoform with a truncated 3' untranslated region. The truncation leads to a loss of target sites for microRNAs known to repress translation of LDLR. In Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes derived from del2.5 carriers, expression of alternative mRNA isoform was 1.84-fold higher than the wild-type isoform (P=0.0013), and there was 1.79-fold higher surface expression of the LDL receptor than in noncarriers (P=0.0086). We did not find a highly penetrant detrimental impact of lifelong very low levels of LDL cholesterol due to del2.5 on health of the carriers. CONCLUSIONS Del2.5 is the first reported gain-of-function mutation in LDLR causing a large reduction in LDL cholesterol. These data point to a role for alternative polyadenylation of LDLR mRNA as a potent regulator of LDL receptor expression in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eythor Bjornsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine (E.B., K.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine (E.B., E.F.O.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.A., G. Thorgeirsson), Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Asgeir Sigurdsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Gudny A Arnadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Hakon Jonsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Eva F Olafsdottir
- Department of Internal Medicine (E.B., E.F.O.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.A., G. Thorgeirsson), Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Sebastian Niehus
- Berlin Institute of Health (S.N., B.K.), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin (S.N., B.K.), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte Kehr
- Berlin Institute of Health (S.N., B.K.), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin (S.N., B.K.), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gardar Sveinbjörnsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Steinunn Gudmundsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Karl Andersen
- Faculty of Medicine (E.B., K.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine (E.B., E.F.O.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.A., G. Thorgeirsson), Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Gudmar Thorleifsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine (E.B., E.F.O.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.A., G. Thorgeirsson), Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | | | - Jona Saemundsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine (E.B., K.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Olafur Th Magnusson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Hreinn Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (D.F.G., P.M.), University of Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine (E.B., E.F.O.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.A., G. Thorgeirsson), Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavík University, Iceland (B.V.H.)
| | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (D.F.G., P.M.), University of Iceland
| | - Gudmundur L Norddahl
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine (E.B., K.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc (E.B., K.G., G.H.H., A.S., G.A.A., H.J., G.S., S.G., A.H., G. Thorleifsson, J.S., I.J., O.T.M., G.M., H.S., D.F.G., G. Thorgeirsson, H.H., B.V.H., P.M., G.L.N., P.S., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine (E.B., K.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), University of Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaur M, Kumar A, Siddaraju NK, Fairoze MN, Chhabra P, Ahlawat S, Vijh RK, Yadav A, Arora R. Differential expression of miRNAs in skeletal muscles of Indian sheep with diverse carcass and muscle traits. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16332. [PMID: 33004825 PMCID: PMC7529745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presents the miRNA profiles of two Indian sheep populations with divergent carcass and muscle traits. The RNA sequencing of longissimus thoracis muscles from the two populations revealed a total of 400 known miRNAs. Myomirs or miRNAs specific to skeletal muscles identified in our data included oar-miR-1, oar-miR-133b, oar-miR-206 and oar-miR-486. Comparison of the two populations led to identification of 100 differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.05). A total of 45 miRNAs exhibited a log2 fold change of ≥ ( ±) 3.0. Gene Ontology analysis revealed cell proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, immune response and cell differentiation as the most significant functions of the differentially expressed miRNAs. The differential expression of some miRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Enriched pathways included metabolism of proteins and lipids, PI3K-Akt, EGFR and cellular response to stress. The microRNA-gene interaction network revealed miR-21, miR-155, miR-143, miR-221 and miR-23a as the nodal miRNAs, with multiple targets. MicroRNA-21 formed the focal point of the network with 42 interactions. The hub miRNAs identified in our study form putative regulatory candidates for future research on meat quality traits in Indian sheep. Our results provide insight into the biological pathways and regulatory molecules implicated in muscling traits of sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.,Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.,Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | | | | | - Pooja Chhabra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Vijh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xue L, Qi H, Zhang H, Ding L, Huang Q, Zhao D, Wu BJ, Li X. Targeting SREBP-2-Regulated Mevalonate Metabolism for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1510. [PMID: 32974183 PMCID: PMC7472741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, targeting metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for fighting cancer. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, mainly regulates genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis. SREBP-2 binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SREs) in the promoters of its target genes and activates the transcription of mevalonate pathway genes, such as HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), mevalonate kinase and other key enzymes. In this review, we first summarized the structure of SREBP-2 and its activation and regulation by multiple signaling pathways. We then found that SREBP-2 and its regulated enzymes, including HMGCR, FPPS, SQS, and DHCR4 from the mevalonate pathway, participate in the progression of various cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and hepatocellular cancer, as potential targets. Importantly, preclinical and clinical research demonstrated that fatostatin, statins, and N-BPs targeting SREBP-2, HMGCR, and FPPS, respectively, alone or in combination with other drugs, have been used for the treatment of different cancers. This review summarizes new insights into the critical role of the SREBP-2-regulated mevalonate pathway for cancer and its potential for targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Xue
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin H, Chaudhury M, Sharma N, Bhattacharyya S, Elolimy AA, Yeruva L, Ronis MJJ, Mercer KE. MicroRNA profiles were altered in neonatal piglet mammary glands following postnatal infant formula feeding. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108397. [PMID: 32645610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal dietary modulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and effects on miRNA-mRNA interactions in tissues remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary factors (formula vs. breastfeeding) affect mammary miRNA expression and to determine if these changes are concurrent with developmental alterations of the mammary gland in neonatal piglets. Female Yorkshire/Duroc piglets were fed sow's milk or cow's milk- or soy-based infant formula (from postnatal day 2 to day 21; n=6/group). Differentially expressed miRNAs were determined using mammary miRNA profiling, followed by miRNA and mRNA expressions characterized by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Milk and soy formulas reduced expressions of miR-1, -128, -133a, -193b, -206 and -27a; miRNA down-regulation altered mRNA expressions of genes (e.g., Ccnd1, Tgfb3, Igf1r and Tbx3) that were consistent with enhanced cell proliferation and suppressed apoptotic processes in the developing mammary gland. Interestingly, down-regulation of miR-1, -128 and -27a also correlated with increased mRNA genes such as Hmgcs and Hmgcr encoding cholesterol synthesis in the mammary glands in response to lower circulating cholesterol levels. Infant formula feeding affected mammary miRNA profiles in neonatal piglets, concurrent with increased expression of cell proliferation and cholesterol synthesis genes, suggesting early nutritional modulation of miRNAs may contribute to regulation of proliferative status and cholesterol homeostasis of developing mammary glands during infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Lin
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
| | | | - Neha Sharma
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
MicroRNA 27a Is a Key Modulator of Cholesterol Biosynthesis. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00470-19. [PMID: 32071155 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00470-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene (Hmgcr) coding for the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is a crucial regulator of plasma cholesterol levels. However, the posttranscriptional regulation of Hmgcr remains poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Hmgcr expression. Systematic in silico predictions and experimental analyses reveal that miRNA 27a (miR-27a) specifically interacts with the Hmgcr 3' untranslated region in murine and human hepatocytes. Moreover, our data show that Hmgcr expression is inversely correlated with miR-27a levels in various cultured cell lines and in human and rodent tissues. Actinomycin D chase assays and relevant experiments demonstrate that miR-27a regulates Hmgcr by translational attenuation followed by mRNA degradation. Early growth response 1 (Egr1) regulates miR-27a expression under basal and cholesterol-modulated conditions. miR-27a augmentation via tail vein injection of miR-27a mimic in high-cholesterol-diet-fed Apoe -/- mice shows downregulation of hepatic Hmgcr and plasma cholesterol levels. Pathway and gene expression analyses show that miR-27a also targets several other genes (apart from Hmgcr) in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, miR-27a emerges as a key regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis and has therapeutic potential for the clinical management of hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
|
31
|
Solly EL, Dimasi CG, Bursill CA, Psaltis PJ, Tan JTM. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2199. [PMID: 31847094 PMCID: PMC6947565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis develops over several decades and is mediated by a complex interplay of cellular mechanisms that drive a chronic inflammatory milieu and cell-to-cell interactions between endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages that promote plaque development and progression. While there has been significant therapeutic advancement, there remains a gap where novel therapeutic approaches can complement current therapies to provide a holistic approach for treating atherosclerosis to orchestrate the regulation of complex signalling networks across multiple cell types and different stages of disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important post-transcriptional regulators of a suite of molecular signalling pathways and pathophysiological cellular effects. Furthermore, circulating miRNAs have emerged as a new class of disease biomarkers to better inform clinical diagnosis and provide new avenues for personalised therapies. This review focusses on recent insights into the potential role of miRNAs both as therapeutic targets in the regulation of the most influential processes that govern atherosclerosis and as clinical biomarkers that may be reflective of disease severity, highlighting the potential theranostic (therapeutic and diagnostic) properties of miRNAs in the management of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Solly
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Catherine G. Dimasi
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter J. Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Joanne T. M. Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
MicroRNAs as the actors in the atherosclerosis scenario. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:1-12. [PMID: 31808077 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered as the most common cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of global mortality, which develops through consecutive steps. Various cellular and molecular biomarkers such as microRNAs are identified to be involved in atherosclerosis progression. MicroRNAs are a group of endogenous, short, non-coding RNAs, which are able to bind to specific sequences on target messenger RNAs and thereby modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. MicroRNAs are key players in wide range of biological processes; thus, their expression level is regulated in pathophysiological conditions. Ample evidences including in vitro and in vivo studies approved a critical role of microRNAs in epigenetic and the sequential processes of atherosclerosis from risk factors to plaque formation, progression, and rupture. Based on these findings, miRNAs seems to be promising candidates for therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in atherosclerosis development, epigenetic, and therapy. Moreover, the application of exosomes in miRNA delivery, and/or their prognostic and diagnostic values are also discussed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Del Vecchio L, Baragetti I, Locatelli F. New agents to reduce cholesterol levels: implications for nephrologists. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 35:213-218. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Del Vecchio
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST-Lecco, Italy
| | - Ivano Baragetti
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Bassini, ASST Nord Milano—Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Locatelli
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST-Lecco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jun S, Datta S, Wang L, Pegany R, Cano M, Handa JT. The impact of lipids, lipid oxidation, and inflammation on AMD, and the potential role of miRNAs on lipid metabolism in the RPE. Exp Eye Res 2018; 181:346-355. [PMID: 30292489 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipids within drusen, the epidemiologic link of a high fat diet, and the identification of polymorphisms in genes involved in lipid metabolism that are associated with disease risk, have prompted interest in the role of lipid abnormalities in AMD. Despite intensive investigation, our understanding of how lipid abnormalities contribute to AMD development remains unclear. Lipid metabolism is tightly regulated, and its dysregulation can trigger excess lipid accumulation within the RPE and Bruch's membrane. The high oxidative stress environment of the macula can promote lipid oxidation, impairing their original function as well as producing oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE), which unless neutralized, can induce unwanted inflammation that additionally contributes to AMD progression. Considering the multiple layers of lipid metabolism and inflammation, and the ability to simultaneously target multiple pathways, microRNA (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of many age-related diseases including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases have similar etiologic characteristics such as lipid-rich deposits, oxidative stress, and inflammation with AMD, which suggests that miRNAs might influence lipid metabolism in AMD. In this review, we discuss the contribution of lipids to AMD pathobiology and introduce how miRNAs might affect lipid metabolism during lesion development. Establishing how miRNAs contribute to lipid accumulation in AMD will help to define the role of lipids in AMD, and open new treatment avenues for this enigmatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Sayantan Datta
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Roma Pegany
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Marisol Cano
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Momtazi AA, Banach M, Pirro M, Stein EA, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs: New Therapeutic Targets for Familial Hypercholesterolemia? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:224-233. [PMID: 28534160 PMCID: PMC5874276 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common inherited form of dyslipidemia and a major cause of premature cardiovascular disease. Management of FH mainly relies on the efficiency of treatments that reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been suggested as emerging regulators of plasma LDL-C concentrations. Notably, there is evidence showing that miRs can regulate the post-transcriptional expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of FH, including LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, and LDLRAP1. In addition, many miRs are located in genomic loci associated with abnormal levels of circulating lipids and lipoproteins in human plasma. The strong regulatory effects of miRs on the expression of FH-associated genes support of the notion that manipulation of miRs might serve as a potential novel therapeutic approach. The present review describes miRs-targeting FH-associated genes that could be used as potential therapeutic targets in patients with FH or other severe dyslipidemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Zeromskiego 113, 90-549, Lodz, Poland. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. .,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Evan A Stein
- Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran. .,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang L, Zhang T, Ding L, Xu J, Xue C, Yanagita T, Chang Y, Wang Y. The Protective Activities of Dietary Sea Cucumber Cerebrosides against Atherosclerosis through Regulating Inflammation and Cholesterol Metabolism in Male Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800315. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 Shandong China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 Shandong China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 Shandong China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 Shandong China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 Shandong China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao 266237 Shandong China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry; Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science; Saga University; Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 Shandong China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 Shandong China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao 266237 Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Borck PC, Batista TM, Vettorazzi JF, Soares GM, Lubaczeuski C, Guan D, Boschero AC, Vieira E, Lazar MA, Carneiro EM. Nighttime light exposure enhances Rev-erbα-targeting microRNAs and contributes to hepatic steatosis. Metabolism 2018; 85:250-258. [PMID: 29751019 PMCID: PMC6145802 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the biological rhythms and has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) display a critical role in fine-tuning the circadian system and energy metabolism. In this study, we aimed to assess whether altered miRNAs expression in the liver underlies metabolic disorders caused by disrupted biological rhythms. RESULTS We found that C3H/HePas mice exposed to ALAN developed obesity, and hepatic steatosis, which was paralleled by decreased expression of Rev-erbα and up-regulation of its lipogenic targets ACL and FAS in liver. Furthermore, the expression of Rev-erbα-targeting miRNAs, miR-140-5p, 185-5p, 326-5p and 328-5p were increased in this group. Consistently, overexpression of these miRNAs in primary hepatocytes reduced Rev-erbα expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, overexpression of Rev-erbα-targeting miRNAs increased mRNA levels of Acly and Fasn. CONCLUSION Thus, altered miRNAs profile is an important mechanism underlying the disruption of the peripheral clock caused by exposure to ALAN, which could lead to hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Borck
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean F Vettorazzi
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília - UCB, DF, Brazil
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Obesity-induced overexpression of miRNA-24 regulates cholesterol uptake and lipid metabolism by targeting SR-B1. Gene 2018; 668:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
39
|
Cheng X, Li J, Guo D. SCAP/SREBPs are Central Players in Lipid Metabolism and Novel Metabolic Targets in Cancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:484-493. [PMID: 29788888 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180523104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming emerges as a new hallmark of malignancies. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are central players in lipid metabolism, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound transcription factors that control the expression of genes important for lipid synthesis and uptake. Their transcriptional activation requires binding to SREBP cleavageactivating protein (SCAP) to translocate their inactive precursors from the ER to the Golgi to undergo cleavage and subsequent nucleus translocation of their NH2-terminal forms. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are markedly upregulated in human cancers, providing the mechanistic link between lipid metabolism alterations and malignancies. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SCAP or SREBPs significantly suppresses tumor growth in various cancer models, demonstrating that SCAP/SREBPs could serve as promising metabolic targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating SCAP/SREBPs and lipid metabolism in malignancies, discuss new findings about SREBP trafficking, which requires SCAP N-glycosylation, and introduce a newly identified microRNA-29-mediated negative feedback regulation of the SCAP/SREBP pathway. Moreover, we will review recently developed inhibitors targeting the SCAP/SREBP pathway for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang X, Price NL, Fernández-Hernando C. Non-coding RNAs in lipid metabolism. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:93-102. [PMID: 29929012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death and morbidity in the Western world, begins with lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which is the initial step in atherogenesis. Alterations in lipid metabolism result in increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders, and treatment of lipid disorders remains the most common strategy aimed at reducing the incidence of CVD. Work done over the past decade has identified numerous classes of non-coding RNA molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical regulators of gene expression involved in lipid metabolism and CVD, mostly acting at post-transcriptional level. A number of miRNAs, including miR-33, miR-122 and miR-148a, have been demonstrated to play important role in controlling the risk of CVD through regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism. lncRNAs are recently emerging as important regulators of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. However, much additional work will be required to fully understand the impact of lncRNAs on CVD and lipid metabolism, due to the high abundance of lncRNAs and the poor-genetic conservation between species. This article reviews the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and their potential implications for the treatment of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Matoušková P, Hanousková B, Skálová L. MicroRNAs as Potential Regulators of Glutathione Peroxidases Expression and Their Role in Obesity and Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041199. [PMID: 29662007 PMCID: PMC5979329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) belong to the eight-member family of phylogenetically related enzymes with different cellular localization, but distinct antioxidant function. Several GPxs are important selenoproteins. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis using the programs miRDB, miRanda, TargetScan, and Diana in the search for hypothetical microRNAs targeting 3′untranslated regions (3´UTR) of GPxs. We cross-referenced the literature for possible intersections between our results and available reports on identified microRNAs, with a special focus on the microRNAs related to oxidative stress, obesity, and related pathologies. We identified many microRNAs with an association with oxidative stress and obesity as putative regulators of GPxs. In particular, miR-185-5p was predicted by a larger number of programs to target six GPxs and thus could play the role as their master regulator. This microRNA was altered by selenium deficiency and can play a role as a feedback control of selenoproteins’ expression. Through the bioinformatics analysis we revealed the potential connection of microRNAs, GPxs, obesity, and other redox imbalance related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Matoušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Hanousková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li C, Guo H, Dai F, Huo X, Li Z, Zhang S, Fu R, He Z, Gu M, Du X, Chen Z. SREBP‑2 expression pattern contributes to susceptibility of Mongolian gerbils to hypercholesterolemia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3288-3296. [PMID: 29257228 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gerbils are susceptible to dietary cholesterol and prone to hypercholesterolemia and non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. The present study aimed to explore the role of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)‑2 and 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in gerbils. Male gerbils were fed the normal diet or a high‑fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks, or the HFD for 2 weeks followed with the normal diet for an additional 2 weeks. Serum lipid levels and hepatic fat deposition were measured, and mRNA and protein levels of SREBP‑2 and HMGCR were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. In addition, the role of SREBP‑2 function in cholesterol synthesis from the gerbil primary hepatic cells was also investigated by modulation of SERBP‑2 expression via the transfection of SREBP‑2 overexpression and knockdown plasmids, respectively. The data demonstrated that the total cholesterol and low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the gerbil serum samples were rapidly and significantly elevated in response to HFD. In addition, the effect of the HFD was rapidly attenuated in the gerbils following a return to the normal diet. HMGCR expression and activation were not altered by dietary cholesterol consumption in the livers from the gerbils in model or recovery groups. HMGCR expression and activation were effectively regulated in cultured hepatic cells from the gerbils. These results indicated that the activation of SREBP‑2 to HMGCR was not terminated in gerbil livers during cholesterol intake. Therefore, stable SREBP‑2 expression contributes to the susceptibility of gerbils to hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Guo
- Zhejiang Center of Laboratory Animals, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Fangwei Dai
- Zhejiang Center of Laboratory Animals, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkun Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyue Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhengming He
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Singh AK, Aryal B, Zhang X, Fan Y, Price NL, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Posttranscriptional regulation of lipid metabolism by non-coding RNAs and RNA binding proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:129-140. [PMID: 29183708 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipoprotein metabolism enhance the risk of cardiometabolic disorders including type-2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in Western societies. While the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism has been well characterized, recent studies have uncovered the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs), long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and RNA binding proteins (RBP) in regulating the expression of lipid-related genes at the posttranscriptional level. Work from several groups has identified a number of miRNAs, including miR-33, miR-122 and miR-148a, that play a prominent role in controlling cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism. Importantly, dysregulation of miRNA expression has been associated with dyslipidemia, suggesting that manipulating the expression of these miRNAs could be a useful therapeutic approach to ameliorate cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of lncRNAs in regulating lipid metabolism has recently emerged and several groups have demonstrated their regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. However, given the high abundance of lncRNAs and the poor-genetic conservation between species, much work will be needed to elucidate the specific role of lncRNAs in controlling lipoprotein metabolism. In this review article, we summarize recent findings in the field and highlight the specific contribution of lncRNAs and RBPs in regulating lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University -Daqing, 163000, PR China
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Cellular lipid metabolism and homeostasis are controlled by sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs). In addition to performing canonical functions in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of lipids, genome-wide system analyses have revealed that these versatile transcription factors act as important nodes of convergence and divergence within biological signalling networks. Thus, they are involved in myriad physiological and pathophysiological processes, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in biology. Changes in cell metabolism and growth are reciprocally linked through SREBPs. Anabolic and growth signalling pathways branch off and connect to multiple steps of SREBP activation and form complex regulatory networks. In addition, SREBPs are implicated in numerous pathogenic processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis, and in this way, they contribute to obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SREBPs in physiology and pathophysiology at the cell, organ and organism levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hicks JA, Porter TE, Liu HC. Identification of microRNAs controlling hepatic mRNA levels for metabolic genes during the metabolic transition from embryonic to posthatch development in the chicken. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:687. [PMID: 28870167 PMCID: PMC5583987 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition from embryonic to posthatch development in the chicken represents a massive metabolic switch from primarily lipolytic to primarily lipogenic metabolism. This metabolic switch is essential for the chick to successfully transition from the metabolism of stored egg yolk to the utilization of carbohydrate-based feed. However, regulation of this metabolic switch is not well understood. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the metabolic switch that is essential to efficient growth of chickens. We used high-throughput RNA sequencing to characterize expression profiles of mRNA and miRNA in liver during late embryonic and early posthatch development of the chicken. This extensive data set was used to define the contributions of microRNAs to the metabolic switch during development that is critical to growth and nutrient utilization in chickens. Results We found that expression of over 800 mRNAs and 30 miRNAs was altered in the embryonic liver between embryonic day 18 and posthatch day 3, and many of these differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs are associated with metabolic processes. We confirmed the regulation of some of these mRNAs by miRNAs expressed in a reciprocal pattern using luciferase reporter assays. Finally, through the use of yeast one-hybrid screens, we identified several proteins that likely regulate expression of one of these important miRNAs. Conclusions Integration of the upstream regulatory mechanisms governing miRNA expression along with monitoring the downstream effects of this expression will ultimately allow for the construction of complete miRNA regulatory networks associated with the hepatic metabolic switch in chickens. Our findings support a key role for miRNAs in controlling the metabolic switch that occurs between embryonic and posthatch development in the chicken. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4096-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Hicks
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Polk Hall 232D, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Polk Hall 232D, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ning C, Li G, You L, Ma Y, Jin L, Ma J, Li X, Li M, Liu H. MiR-185 inhibits 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by targeting SREBP-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1747-1754. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1347485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Adipogenesis involves a highly orchestrated series of complex events in which microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an essential role. In this study, we found that the miR-185 expression increased gradually during 3T3-L1 cells differentiation. To explore the role of miR-185 in adipogenesis, miRNA agomirs and antagomirs were used to perform miR-185 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Overexpression of miR-185 dramatically reduced the mRNA expression of the adipogenic markers, PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, and LPL, and the protein level of PPARγ and FAS. MiR-185 overexpression also led to a notable reduction in lipid accumulation. In contrast, miR-185 inhibition promoted differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. By target gene prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) may be the target of miR-185. These results indicate that miR-185 negatively regulates the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by targeting SREBP-1, further highlighting the importance of miRNAs in adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyou Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu You
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carreras-Badosa G, Bonmatí A, Ortega FJ, Mercader JM, Guindo-Martínez M, Torrents D, Prats-Puig A, Martinez-Calcerrada JM, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, Fernandez-Real JM, Lopez-Bermejo A, Bassols J. Dysregulation of Placental miRNA in Maternal Obesity Is Associated With Pre- and Postnatal Growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2584-2594. [PMID: 28368446 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human placenta exhibits a specific microRNA (miRNA) expression pattern. Some of these miRNAs are dysregulated in pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction and are potential biomarkers for these pathologies. OBJECTIVE To study the placental miRNA profile in pregnant women with pregestational overweight/obesity (preOB) or gestational obesity (gestOB) and explore the associations between placental miRNAs dysregulated in maternal obesity and prenatal and postnatal growth. METHODS TaqMan Low Density Arrays and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to profile the placental miRNAs in 70 pregnant women (20 preOB, 25 gestOB, and 25 control). Placentas and newborns were weighed at delivery, and infants were weighed at 1, 4, and 12 months of age. RESULTS Eight miRNAs were decreased in placentas from preOB or gestOB (miR-100, miR-1269, miR-1285, miR-181, miR-185, miR-214, miR-296, and miR-487) (all P < 0.05). Among them, miR-100, miR-1285, miR-296, and miR-487 were associated with maternal metabolic parameters (all P < 0.05) and were predictors of lower birth weight (all P < 0.05; R2 > 30%) and increased postnatal weight gain (all P < 0.05; R2 > 20%). In silico analysis showed that these miRNAs were related to cell proliferation and insulin signaling pathways. miR-296 was also present in plasma samples and associated with placental expression and prenatal and postnatal growth parameters (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We identified a specific placental miRNA profile in maternal obesity. Placental miRNAs dysregulated in maternal obesity may be involved in mediation of growth-promoting effects of maternal obesity on offspring and could be used as early markers of prenatal and postnatal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Alexandra Bonmatí
- Department of Gynecology, Dr. Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Francisco-Jose Ortega
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Trueta University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Mercader
- Joint Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (BSC-CRG-IRB) Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marta Guindo-Martínez
- Joint Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (BSC-CRG-IRB) Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Joint Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (BSC-CRG-IRB) Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- Department of Physical Therapy, Escola Universitària de la Salut i l'Esport, University of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Trueta University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Abel Lopez-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in cardiovascular research and therapeutic strategies, ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs which post transcriptionally regulate gene expression. In the past few years, miRNAs have emerged as key tools for the understanding of the pathophysiology of IHD, with potential uses as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Several studies report a regulatory role of miRNAs, with regard to fundamental components of IHD pathogenesis and progression, such as lipoprotein metabolism, atherogenesis, vascular calcification, platelet function, and angiogenesis. Due to their high stability in biofluids, circulating miRNAs have attracted attention as promising biomarkers of IHD, especially in cardiovascular risk prediction and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Furthermore, experimental studies have demonstrated the potential of miRNA-targeted therapy in improving hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis. In this review, the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in IHD and translational perspectives of their use is discussed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sliwinska A, Kasinska MA, Drzewoski J. MicroRNAs and metabolic disorders - where are we heading? Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:885-896. [PMID: 28721157 PMCID: PMC5507111 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are short, non-coding molecules engaged in normal functioning of eukaryotic cells, as negative regulators of gene expression. Since the first discovery of miRNA in the early 1990s, hundreds of different miRNAs and their targets have been identified. A growing number of studies have aimed to search for microRNAs which have a key role in the regulation of insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that dysregulation of miRNA expression is involved in the development of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the biogenesis of miRNAs and their role in pancreatic β cell biology, insulin signaling and metabolism. We also discuss recent findings of miRNAs associated with metabolic disorders and vascular diabetic complications, their diagnosis and therapeutic value. The PubMed database and published reference lists were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2016 using the following keywords: miRNA, miRNA and pancreas; miRNA and insulin; miRNA and type 2 diabetes mellitus, miRNA and obesity, and miRNA and microvascular or macrovascular diabetic complication. This review indicates that miRNA functioning is significantly different in metabolic diseases than in the normal condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta A Kasinska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jozef Drzewoski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dicer1/miR-29/HMGCR axis contributes to hepatic free cholesterol accumulation in mouse non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:660-671. [PMID: 28112179 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicer1 is an enzyme essential for microRNA (miRNA) maturation. The loss of miRNAs resulted from Dicer1 deficiency greatly contributes to the progression of many diseases, including lipid dysregulation, but its role in hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol (FC) that is critical in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains elusive. In this study, we used the liver-specific Dicer1-knockout mice to identify the miRNAs involved in hepatic FC accumulation. In a widely used dietary NASH model, mice were fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 3 weeks, which resulted in significant increase in hepatic FC levels as well as decrease of Dicer1 mRNA levels in livers. The liver-specific Dicer1-knockout induced hepatic FC accumulation at 5-6 weeks, accompanied by increased mRNA and protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis in livers. Eleven predicted miRNAs were screened, revealing that miR-29a/b/c significantly suppressed HMGCR expression by targeting the HMGCR mRNA 3'-UTR. Overexpression of miR-29a in SMMC-7721 cells, a steatosis hepatic cell model, significantly decreased HMGCR expression and the FC level. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-29a were inversely correlated with HMGCR expression levels in the MCD diet mouse model in vivo and in 2 steatosis hepatic cell models (SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cells) in vitro. Our results show that Dicer1/miR-29/HMGCR axis contributes to hepatic free cholesterol accumulation in mouse NASH, and miR-29 may serve as an important regulator of hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, miR-29a could be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as for other liver diseases associated with FC accumulation.
Collapse
|