1
|
Dowaidar M. Gene-environment interactions that influence CVD, lipid traits, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension appear to be able to influence gene therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101213. [PMID: 37703607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Most mind boggling diseases are accepted to be impacted by both genetic and environmental elements. As of late, there has been a flood in the improvement of different methodologies, concentrate on plans, and measurable and logical techniques to examine gene-environment cooperations (G × Es) in enormous scope studies including human populaces. The many-sided exchange between genetic elements and environmental openings has long charmed the consideration of clinicians and researchers looking to grasp the complicated starting points of diseases. While single variables can add to disease, the blend of genetic variations and environmental openings frequently decides disease risk. The fundamental point of this paper is to talk about the Gene-Environment Associations That Impact CVD, Lipid Characteristics, Obesity, Diabetes, and Hypertension Have all the earmarks of being Ready to Impact Gene Therapy. This survey paper investigates the meaning of gene-environment collaborations (G × E) in disease advancement. The intricacy of genetic and environmental communications in disease causation is explained, underlining the multifactorial idea of many circumstances. The job of gene-environment cooperations in cardiovascular disease, lipid digestion, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension is investigated. This audit fixates on Gene by Environment (G × E) collaborations, investigating their importance in disease etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health & Biosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zago VHS, Scherrer DZ, Parra ES, Vieira IC, Marson FAL, de Faria EC. Effects of SNVs in ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, ABCG8, and SCARB1 Genes on Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Adiposity Markers in a Brazilian Population. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:822-841. [PMID: 34505223 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several proteins are involved in cholesterol homeostasis, as scavenger receptor class B type I and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters including ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, and ABCG8. This study aimed to determine the effects of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) rs2275543 (ABCA1), rs1893590 (ABCG1), rs6720173 (ABCG5), rs6544718 (ABCG8), and rs5888 (SCARB1) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and adiposity markers in an asymptomatic population and its sex-specific effects. Volunteers (n = 590) were selected and plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and adiposity markers (waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios, lipid accumulation product and body adiposity index) were measured. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells according to the method adapted from Gross-Bellard. SNVs were detected in the TaqMan® OpenArray® Real-Time polymerase chain reaction platform and data analyses were performed using the TaqMan® Genotyper Software. The rs2275543*C point to an increase of high-density lipoprotein size in females while in males very-low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglycerides were statistically lower (P value < 0.05). The rs1893590*C was statistically associated with lower apolipoprotein A-I levels and higher activities of paraoxonase-1 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (P value < 0.05). The rs6720173 was statistically associated with an increase in cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in males; moreover, rs6544718*T reduced adiposity markers in females (P value < 0.05). Regarding the rs5888, a decreased adiposity marker in the total population and in females occurred (P value < 0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that SNVs could influence components of high-density lipoprotein metabolism, mainly through ABCG1 (P value < 0.05). The ABCA1 and ABCG5 variants showed sex-specific effects on lipids and lipoproteins, while SCARB1 and ABCG8 variants might influence adiposity markers in females. Our data indicate a possible role of ABCG1 on HDL metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Helena Souza Zago
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Daniel Zanetti Scherrer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Eliane Soler Parra
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Isabela Calanca Vieira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil. .,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics and Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Cotta de Faria
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A genetic sum score of effect alleles associated with serum lipid concentrations interacts with educational attainment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16541. [PMID: 34400708 PMCID: PMC8368036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) levels are influenced by both genes and the environment. The aim was to investigate whether education and income as indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) interact with lipid-increasing genetic effect allele scores (GES) in a population-based cohort. Using baseline data of 4516 study participants, age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to investigate associations between GES and lipids stratified by SEP as well as including GES×SEP interaction terms. In the highest education group compared to the lowest stronger effects per GES standard deviation were observed for HDL-C (2.96 mg/dl [95%-CI: 2.19, 3.83] vs. 2.45 mg/dl [95%-CI: 1.12, 3.72]), LDL-C (6.57 mg/dl [95%-CI: 4.73, 8.37] vs. 2.66 mg/dl [95%-CI: −0.50, 5.76]) and TC (8.06 mg/dl [95%-CI: 6.14, 9.98] vs. 4.37 mg/dl [95%-CI: 0.94, 7.80]). Using the highest education group as reference, interaction terms showed indication of GES by low education interaction for LDL-C (ßGES×Education: −3.87; 95%-CI: −7.47, −0.32), which was slightly attenuated after controlling for GESLDL-C×Diabetes interaction (ßGES×Education: −3.42; 95%-CI: −6.98, 0.18). The present study showed stronger genetic effects on LDL-C in higher SEP groups and gave indication for a GESLDL-C×Education interaction, demonstrating the relevance of SEP for the expression of genetic health risks.
Collapse
|
4
|
An association of ABCG8: rs11887534 polymorphism and HDL-cholesterol response to statin treatment in the Polish population. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1781-1786. [PMID: 34173968 PMCID: PMC8599229 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Variation in lipid changes in response to statin treatment is associated with genetic polymorphism. Sterolin-1, encoded by ABCG5, and sterolin-2, encoded by ABCG8, together form a sterol transporter. There are some reports indicating association of rs11887534 (ABCG8:c.55G > C) polymorphism with lipid concentrations, both prior to and after statin treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze both baseline plasma lipids and their concentrations in response to statin treatment with regard to ABCG8: rs11887534 polymorphism in Caucasian patients of Polish origin. Methods The study group consisted of 170 consecutive adult out-patients treated with atorvastatin or simvastatin for a minimum of 2 months. Concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured before and after statin treatment. The ABCG8 polymorphism was identified by mini-sequencing genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Results There were no significant differences in regard to ABCG8 variants for baseline TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C as well as for TG, TC or LDL-C concentrations after statin treatment. However, patients carrying at least one C allele showed a decrease in post-statin HDL-C concentrations and the absolute and relative changes between post- and pre-statin HDL-C concentrations were negative in contrast to positive values in wild-type homozygotes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the c.55C allele of the ABCG8: rs11887534 polymorphism might be associated with decrease in HDL-cholesterol in response to statin treatment in Polish patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Revealing the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073352. [PMID: 33805921 PMCID: PMC8037642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with multifactorial etiology, which includes metabolic alterations as contributors to disease development. Studies have shown that lipid status disorders are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. In line with this, previous studies have also suggested that the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases in patients with CRC, but more recently, the focus of investigations has shifted toward the exploration of qualitative properties of HDL in this malignancy. Herein, a comprehensive overview of available evidences regarding the putative role of HDL in CRC will be presented. We will analyze existing findings regarding alterations of HDL-C levels but also HDL particle structure and distribution in CRC. In addition, changes in HDL functionality in this malignancy will be discussed. Moreover, we will focus on the genetic regulation of HDL metabolism, as well as the involvement of HDL in disturbances of cholesterol trafficking in CRC. Finally, possible therapeutic implications related to HDL will be presented. Given the available evidence, future studies are needed to resolve all raised issues concerning the suggested protective role of HDL in CRC, its presumed function as a biomarker, and eventual therapeutic approaches based on HDL.
Collapse
|
6
|
Williams PT. Quantile-Dependent Expressivity and Gene-Lifestyle Interactions Involving High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Lifestyle Genom 2020; 14:1-19. [PMID: 33296900 DOI: 10.1159/000511421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotypic expression of a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) genetic risk score has been shown to depend upon whether the phenotype (HDL-cholesterol) is high or low relative to its distribution in the population (quantile-dependent expressivity). This may be due to the effects of genetic mutations on HDL-metabolism being concentration dependent. METHOD The purpose of this article is to assess whether some previously reported HDL gene-lifestyle interactions could potentially be attributable to quantile-dependent expressivity. SUMMARY Seventy-three published examples of HDL gene-lifestyle interactions were interpreted from the perspective of quantile-dependent expressivity. These included interactive effects of diet, alcohol, physical activity, adiposity, and smoking with genetic variants associated with the ABCA1, ADH3, ANGPTL4, APOA1, APOA4, APOA5, APOC3, APOE, CETP, CLASP1, CYP7A1, GALNT2, LDLR, LHX1, LIPC, LIPG, LPL, MVK-MMAB, PLTP, PON1, PPARα, SIRT1, SNTA1,and UCP1genes. The selected examples showed larger genetic effect sizes for lifestyle conditions associated with higher vis-à-vis lower average HDL-cholesterol concentrations. This suggests these reported interactions could be the result of selecting subjects for conditions that differentiate high from low HDL-cholesterol (e.g., lean vs. overweight, active vs. sedentary, high-fat vs. high-carbohydrate diets, alcohol drinkers vs. abstainers, nonsmokers vs. smokers) producing larger versus smaller genetic effect sizes. Key Message: Quantile-dependent expressivity provides a potential explanation for some reported gene-lifestyle interactions for HDL-cholesterol. Although overall genetic heritability appears to be quantile specific, this may vary by genetic variant and environmental exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roy N, Gaudet D, Tremblay G, Brisson D. Association of common gene-smoking interactions with elevated plasma apolipoprotein B concentration. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:98. [PMID: 32430061 PMCID: PMC7236958 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased apolipoprotein (apo) B level (hyperapoB) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even in patients who achieve recommended LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. ApoB level, an important correlate of metabolic syndrome (MetS), is influenced by several gene-environment interactions. Some of them are rare and can explain a large proportion of apoB variance, whereas others more common have variable effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of interaction between smoking and common hyperapoB gene variants (PPARα-L162V, lipoprotein lipase loss-of function mutation, apo e4 allele or apo E2/2 genotype) with plasma apoB concentrations, according to the expression of MetS. Methods This study was performed among 1798 subjects. Smoking was defined as non/mild smokers vs. moderate-to-heavy smokers. ApoB levels were determined using nephelometry. Logistic regression models were used to document interactions between smoking habits and the presence of hyperapoB gene variants on the relative odds to exhibit increased plasma apoB concentrations. Results Around 29% of individuals with a low-risk lipid profile without MetS component had hyperapoB. Smoking and the presence of hyperapoB gene variants tended to be associated with higher plasma apoB levels even in presence of low-LDL-C. There was a significant interaction (P = 0.04) between the presence of ≥1 gene variants and smoking on the risk to exhibit hyperapoB among subjects with low risk profile in primary prevention. Conclusions Combination of life habits assessment and some common genes variants may detect a significant proportion of patients with increased apoB levels, and therefore a higher risk of CVD, who could have been initially perceived as low-risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Roy
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 930 Jacques-Cartier, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 930 Jacques-Cartier, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 7K9, Canada.,Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gérald Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 930 Jacques-Cartier, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 7K9, Canada.,Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diane Brisson
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 930 Jacques-Cartier, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 7K9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Architecture of polymorphisms in the human genome reveals functionally important and positively selected variants in immune response and drug transporter genes. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:43. [PMID: 30219098 PMCID: PMC6139121 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic polymorphisms can contribute to phenotypic differences amongst individuals, including disease risk and drug response. Characterization of genetic polymorphisms that modulate gene expression and/or protein function may facilitate the identification of the causal variants. Here, we present the architecture of genetic polymorphisms in the human genome focusing on those predicted to be potentially functional/under natural selection and the pathways that they reside. Results In the human genome, polymorphisms that directly affect protein sequences and potentially affect function are the most constrained variants with the lowest single-nucleotide variant (SNV) density, least population differentiation and most significant enrichment of rare alleles. SNVs which potentially alter various regulatory sites, e.g. splicing regulatory elements, are also generally under negative selection. Interestingly, genes that regulate the expression of transcription/splicing factors and histones are conserved as a higher proportion of these genes is non-polymorphic, contain ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) and/or has no non-synonymous SNVs (nsSNVs)/coding INDELs. On the other hand, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic with SNVs potentially affecting the binding of transcription/splicing factors and microRNAs (miRNA) exhibiting recent positive selection (RPS). The drug transporter genes carry the most number of potentially deleterious nsSNVs and exhibit signatures of RPS and/or population differentiation. These observations suggest that genes that interact with the environment are highly polymorphic and targeted by RPS. Conclusions In conclusion, selective constraints are observed in coding regions, master regulator genes, and potentially functional SNVs. In contrast, genes that modulate response to the environment are highly polymorphic and under positive selection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0175-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdullah MMH, Jones PJH, Eck PK. Nutrigenetics of cholesterol metabolism: observational and dietary intervention studies in the postgenomic era. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:523-43. [PMID: 26117841 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is a well-defined responder to dietary intakes and a classic biomarker of cardiovascular health. For this reason, circulating cholesterol levels have become key in shaping nutritional recommendations by health authorities worldwide for better management of cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of mortality and one of the most costly health problems globally. Data from observational and dietary intervention studies, however, highlight a marked between-individual variability in the response of cholesterol metabolism to similar dietary protocols, a phenomenon linked to genetic heterogeneity. This review summarizes the postgenomic evidence of polymorphisms within cholesterol-associated genes relative to fasting circulating cholesterol levels under diverse nutritional conditions. A number of cholesterol-related gene-diet interactions are confirmed, which may have clinical importance, supporting a deeper look into the rapidly emerging field of nutrigenetics for meaningful conclusions that may eventually lead to genetically targeted dietary recommendations in the era of personalized nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M H Abdullah
- M.M.H. Abdullah, P.J.H. Jones, and P.K. Eck are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P.J.H. Jones is with the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- M.M.H. Abdullah, P.J.H. Jones, and P.K. Eck are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P.J.H. Jones is with the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter K Eck
- M.M.H. Abdullah, P.J.H. Jones, and P.K. Eck are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P.J.H. Jones is with the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gok O, Karaali ZE, Acar L, Kilic U, Ergen A. ABCG5 and ABCG8 gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Turkish population. Can J Diabetes 2015; 39:405-10. [PMID: 26088706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ABCG5 and ABCG8 gene polymorphisms and plasma lipid concentrations in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Included in this study were 80 patients with type 2 diabetes and 73 healthy controls. Two selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABC transporter genes, ABCG5 (rs6720173) and ABCG8 (rs4148211), were genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS The rate of having the ABCG8 AA genotype (p=0.001) was significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects. Correspondingly, the rates of having the AG genotype (p=0.001) and the G allele (p=0.001) were significantly lower in the patients than in controls. Upon comparing the groups regarding ABCG5, the frequencies of occurrence of the GG genotype (p=0.031) and G allele (p=0.003) were considerably higher in patients than in control subjects. In the patients, the rates of having the CC genotype (p=0.003) and the C allele (p=0.031) were also significantly lower than those in control subjects. There was no significant difference between G5 and G8 polymorphism and lipid levels in the study groups. The ABCG8 AA genotype carriers had higher triglyceride (p=0.045) and very low-density-cholesterol (p=0.045) levels than the ABCG8 GG genotype carriers in all study populations. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the AA genotype for ABCG8 and the GG genotype and G allele for ABCG5 are risk factors for diabetes. This study reveals the first data concerning the ABCG5 and ABCG8 gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Gok
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ermis Karaali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Acar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology and Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ergen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent genome-wide association studies have identified numerous common genetic variants associated with plasma lipid traits and have provided new insights into the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism including the identification of novel biological processes. These findings add to a body of existing data on dietary and environmental factors affecting plasma lipids. Here we explore how interactions between genetic risk factors and other phenotypes may explain some of the missing heritability of plasma lipid traits. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified true statistical interaction between several environmental and genetic risk factors and their effects on plasma lipid fractions. These include interactions between behaviors such as smoking or exercise as well as specific dietary nutrients and the effect size of specific genetic variants on plasma lipid traits risk and modifying effects of measures of adiposity on the cumulative impact of a number of common genetic variants on each of plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. SUMMARY Interactions between genetic risk factors and clinical phenotypes may account for some of the unexplained heritability of plasma lipid traits. Recent studies provide biological insight into specific genetic associations and may aid in the identification of dyslipidemic patients for whom specific lifestyle interventions are likely to be most effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Cole
- aAtherogenomics Laboratory bRuddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status and their associations with metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:992-1003. [PMID: 25201307 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene polymorphisms provide a means to obtain unconfounded associations between carotenoids and various health outcomes. In the present study, we tested whether gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status are related to metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults residing in Baltimore city, MD, using cross-sectional data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (age range 30-64 years, n 873-994). We examined twenty-four SNP of various gene loci that were previously shown to be associated with low serum carotenoid status (SNPlcar). Gene risk scores were created: five low specific-carotenoid risk scores (LSCRS: α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) and one low total-carotenoid risk score (LTCRS: total carotenoids). SNPlcar, LSCRS and LTCRS were entered as predictors for a number of health outcomes. These included obesity, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome and its components, elevated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, hyperuricaemia and elevated depressive symptoms (EDS, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16). Among the key findings, SNPlcar were not associated with the main outcomes after correction for multiple testing. However, an inverse association was found between the LTCRS and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidaemia. Specifically, the α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS were associated with a lower odds of HDL-C dyslipidaemia. However, the β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS was linked to a higher odds of EDS, with a linear dose-response relationship. In summary, gene risk scores linked to low serum carotenoids had mixed effects on HDL-C dyslipidaemia and EDS. Further studies using larger African-American population samples are needed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jamal-Allial A, Griffith JL, Tucker KL. The longitudinal association of vitamin D serum concentrations & adiposity phenotype. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:185-8. [PMID: 24333795 PMCID: PMC4055547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several cross-sectional studies have reported on the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations (25(OH)D) and body mass index (BMI). We examined the longitudinal effect of BMI on serum 25(OH)D concentrations among 866 Puerto Rican adults living in the Greater Boston area: 246 men and 620 women, aged 45-75 years at baseline and 2 year. Our analyses showed negative correlations at two time points between BMI and serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The multivariate analysis showed that when predicting the change of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, baseline-BMI had significant inverse association (P<0.04) controlling for age, sex, and baseline-BMI. This association remained significant after adjusting for vitamin D supplement use, smoking, miles walked/day and alcohol intake (P<0.01). In conclusion, the major findings of the present study are obesity (1) was inversely associated with 25(OH)D at baseline; (2) with the change in serum 25(OH)D at 2-year in this population of older Puerto Rican adults living in the Boston area. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Jamal-Allial
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences. Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - John L Griffith
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences. Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng Y, Qi L. Diet and lifestyle interventions on lipids: combination with genomics and metabolomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on recent advances made in our mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of the rare human disease Sitosterolemia, the role of ABCG5/ABCG8 in sterol trafficking and how newer data implicate a more wider role in the body. RECENT FINDINGS Sitosterolemia is caused by a genetic defect of sterolins (ABCG5/ABCG8) mapped to the STSL locus. Polymorphic variations in STSL have been linked to lipid levels and gallstone disease in whites. Newer studies now link this locus to a more diverse ethnic group for gallstone disease, susceptibility to biliary cancer, and show variants that alter sterolin function. Intriguingly, carriers of a mutant allele seem to show protection against carotid wall disease. Although the 'promoter' region of the STSL is minimal, regulatory regions responsive to liver X receptor have remained elusive, but no longer; two intronic regions in ABCG8 have now been identified. Xenosterol accumulation leads to loss of abdominal fat, infertility, and premature death. Xenosterol accumulation in mouse platelet membranes leads to platelet hyperactivation, increased microparticle formation, and reduced αIIbβ3 surface expression. In humans, phytosterols may promote liver injury in parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. SUMMARY Progress in understanding sterolin function is beginning to show that xenosterols can be toxic and are involved on pathogenesis, and the role of ABCG5/ABCG8 may extend into other metabolic processes by altering intracellular sterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra B Patel
- aClement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA bDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu G, Li GB, Yao M, Zhang DQ, Dai B, Ju CJ, Han M. ABCG5/8 variants are associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2512-20. [PMID: 24691589 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 (ABCG5) and ABCG8 are members of an ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily. ABCG5 and ABCG8 variants affected serum levels of cholesterol and were considered as risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The present control study analyzed ABCG5 and ABCG8 variants in a population for association with the risk of CHD. A total of 417 CHD patients and 267 controls were recruited for genotyping of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; i.e. i7892T>C in ABCG5 and Tyr54CysA>G, Thr400LysC>A and 5U145A>C in ABCG8) using quantitative PCR high-resolution melting (qPCR-HRM). Serum lipid levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The association of ABCG5/8 variants with lipid levels was analyzed using a Chi-square test. The impact of candidate ABCG5/8 SNPs on CHD was evaluated in a dominant genetic model with stepwise multiple regression analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed with regard to these SNPs, tobacco smoking status, alcohol consumption and gender. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of ABCG8 Thr400LysC>A were significantly different (P<0.05) between CHD patients and controls. CC homozygotes of the ABCG8 Thr400LysC>A SNP had greater triglyceride levels than CA/AA carriers with CHD. Logistic analysis revealed CHD risk was significantly higher in CC homozygotes of ABCG8 Thr400LysC>A than in carriers of the A allele (adjusted P=0.048; OR=2.034; 95% CI=0.983-4.207). Furthermore, there was a significant gene-tobacco smoking interaction. CC homozygotes of ABCG8 Thr400LysC>A SNP had significantly higher triglyceride concentrations (P=0.012) and an increased risk of CHD than tobacco smoking carriers of the A allele. The data from the current study suggested that ABCG8 Thr400LysC>A SNP genetic variants modulated plasma triglyceride levels and thereby affected CHD risk in the population studied. The genetic variant of ABCG8 also contributed to CHD risk through interaction with tobacco smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Office of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Office of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Jing Ju
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Office of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gene-gene combination effect and interactions among ABCA1, APOA1, SR-B1, and CETP polymorphisms for serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the Japanese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82046. [PMID: 24376512 PMCID: PMC3869658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Gene-gene interactions in the reverse cholesterol transport system for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are poorly understood. The present study observed gene-gene combination effect and interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCA1, APOA1, SR-B1, and CETP in serum HDL-C from a cross-sectional study in the Japanese population. Methods The study population comprised 1,535 men and 1,515 women aged 35–69 years who were enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. We selected 13 SNPs in the ABCA1, APOA1, CETP, and SR-B1 genes in the reverse cholesterol transport system. The effects of genetic and environmental factors were assessed using general linear and logistic regression models after adjusting for age, sex, and region. Principal Findings Alcohol consumption and daily activity were positively associated with HDL-C levels, whereas smoking had a negative relationship. The T allele of CETP, rs3764261, was correlated with higher HDL-C levels and had the highest coefficient (2.93 mg/dL/allele) among the 13 SNPs, which was statistically significant after applying the Bonferroni correction (p<0.001). Gene-gene combination analysis revealed that CETP rs3764261 was associated with high HDL-C levels with any combination of SNPs from ABCA1, APOA1, and SR-B1, although no gene-gene interaction was apparent. An increasing trend for serum HDL-C was also observed with an increasing number of alleles (p<0.001). Conclusions The present study identified a multiplier effect from a polymorphism in CETP with ABCA1, APOA1, and SR-B1, as well as a dose-dependence according to the number of alleles present.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu Y, Marvelle AF, Li J, Croteau-Chonka DC, Feranil AB, Kuzawa CW, Li Y, Adair LS, Mohlke KL. Genetic association with lipids in Filipinos: waist circumference modifies an APOA5 effect on triglyceride levels. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3198-205. [PMID: 24023260 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p042077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood levels of lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs) are highly heritable and are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Approximately 100 lipid-associated loci have been identified in populations of European ancestry. We performed a genome-wide association study of lipid traits in 1,782 Filipino women from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, and tested for evidence of interactions with waist circumference. We conducted additional association and interaction analyses in 1,719 of their young adult offspring. Genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) were detected at APOE for low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, and at APOA5 for TGs. Suggestive associations (P < 10⁻⁶) were detected at GCKR for TGs, and at CETP and TOM1 for high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Our data also supported the existence of allelic heterogeneity at APOA5, CETP, LIPC, and APOE. The secondary signal (Gly185Cys) at APOA5 exhibited a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-by-waist circumference interaction affecting TGs (Pinteraction = 1.6 × 10⁻⁴), manifested by stronger SNP effects as waist circumference increased. These findings provide the first evidence that central obesity may accentuate the effect of the TG-increasing allele of the APOA5 signal, emphasizing that CVD risk could be reduced by central obesity control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Departments of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Joseph PG, Pare G, Anand SS. Exploring Gene-Environment Relationships in Cardiovascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
20
|
Kokaze A, Ishikawa M, Matsunaga N, Karita K, Yoshida M, Shimada N, Ohtsu T, Shirasawa T, Ochiai H, Satoh M, Hashimoto M, Hoshino H, Takashima Y. Mitochondrial DNA 5178 C/A polymorphism influences the effects of habitual smoking on the risk of dyslipidemia in middle-aged Japanese men. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:97. [PMID: 22857129 PMCID: PMC3459723 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several genetic polymorphisms have been reported to modify the effects of smoking on serum lipid levels. The objective of this study was to investigate whether longevity-associated mitochondrial DNA 5178 (Mt5178) C/A polymorphism modifies the effects of habitual smoking on the risk of dyslipidemia in middle-aged Japanese subjects. Methods A total of 394 male subjects (age, 53.9 ± 7.9 years; mean ± SD) were selected from among individuals visiting the hospital for regular medical check-ups. After Mt5178 C/A genotyping, a cross-sectional study assessing the joint effect of Mt5178 C/A polymorphism and cigarette smoking on the risk of hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolemia, hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia was conducted. Results For subjects with Mt5178C, the risk of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia increased with the number of cigarettes smoked daily (P for trend = 0.001). On the other hand, the association between Mt5178A genotype and the risk of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia did not appear to depend on the number of cigarettes smoked daily. For those with Mt5178A, the risk of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia increased with cigarettes smoked daily (P for trend = 0.017 and P for trend = 0.002, respectively). However, the association between Mt5178C genotype and the risk of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia did not depend on the number of cigarettes smoked daily. Conclusions The present results suggest that Mt5178 C/A polymorphism modulates the effects of habitual smoking on the risk of dyslipidemia in middle-aged Japanese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 polymorphisms and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37972. [PMID: 22655090 PMCID: PMC3360029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of ABCG5/G8 SNPs and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels. Methodology/Principal Findings Genotyping of the ABCG5 (rs4131229 and rs6720173) and ABCG8 (rs3806471 and rs4148211) SNPs was performed in 719 unrelated subjects of Mulao nationality and 782 participants of Han nationality. There were no differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of four SNPs between the two ethnic groups besides the genotypic frequencies of rs4131229 SNP in Han. The levels of triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4131229); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ApoB (rs6720173); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ApoA1, ApoB, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs3806471); and HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4148211) in Han were different among their genotypes (P<0.05–0.001). The levels of LDL-C (rs6720173) and ApoA1 (rs3806471) in Mulao were also different among their genotypes (P<0.05 for each). The levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4131229); LDL-C and ApoB (rs6720173); HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs3806471); and TG, HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4148211) in Han males; and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4131229); LDL-C, ApoB, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs3806471); HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4148211) in Han females were different between the genotypes (P<0.05–0.001). The levels of LDL-C in Mulao females were also different between GG and GC/CC genotypes of rs6720173 (P<0.05). The correlation between serum lipid parameters and genotypes of four SNPs was observed in Han, especially in Han males. Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with several environmental factors. Conclusions The associations of four ABCG5/G8 SNPs and serum lipid levels are different between the Mulao and Han populations, or between males and females, suggesting that there may be a racial/ethnic- and/or sex-specific association between ABCG5/G8 SNPs and some serum lipid parameters.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Q, Wei XL, Yin RX. Association of ATP binding cassette transporter G8 rs4148217 SNP and serum lipid levels in Mulao and Han nationalities. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:46. [PMID: 22548731 PMCID: PMC3416707 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of ATP binding cassette transporter G8 gene (ABCG8) rs4148217 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse racial/ethnic groups. Mulao nationality is an isolated minority in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ABCG8 rs4148217 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Mulao and Han populations. Methods A total of 634 subjects of Mulao nationality and 717 participants of Han nationality were randomly selected from our previous samples. Genotyping of the ABCG8 rs4148217 SNP was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The genotypic and allelic frequencies of ABCG8 rs4148217 SNP were different between the two nationalities (P < 0.01 for each), the frequency of A allele was higher in Mulao than in Han. The A allele carriers in Han had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 levels than the A allele noncarriers (P < 0.05 for each), whereas the A allele carriers in Mulao had lower ApoA1 levels than the A allele noncarriers (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that the A allele carriers in Han had lower HDL-C and higher triglyceride (TG) levels in females but not in males than the A allele noncarriers (P < 0.05 for each), and the A allele carriers in Mulao had lower ApoA1 levels in females but not in males than the A allele noncarriers (P < 0.05). The levels of TG and HDL-C in Han, and ApoA1 in Mulao were associated with genotypes in females but not in males (P < 0.05-0.01). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with several environmental factors (P < 0.05-0.001). Conclusions The ABCG8 rs4148217 SNP is associated with serum TG, HDL-C and ApoA1 levels in our study populations, but this association is different between the Mulao and Han populations. There is a sex (female)-specific association in both ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ackert-Bicknell CL. HDL cholesterol and bone mineral density: is there a genetic link? Bone 2012; 50:525-33. [PMID: 21810493 PMCID: PMC3236254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence has linked cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, but the shared root cause of these two diseases of the elderly remains unknown. Low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and bone mineral density (BMD) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis respectively. A number of correlation studies have attempted to determine if there is a relationship between serum HDL and BMD but these studies are confounded by a number of variables including age, diet, genetic background, gender and hormonal status. Collectively, these data suggest that there is a relationship between these two phenotypes, but that the nature of this relationship is context specific. Studies in mice plainly demonstrate that genetic loci for BMD and HDL co-map and transgenic mouse models have been used to show that a single gene can affect both serum HDL and BMD. Work completed to date has demonstrated that HDL can interact directly with both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but no direct evidence links bone back to the regulation of HDL levels. Understanding the genetic relationship between BMD and HDL has huge implications for understanding the clinical relationship between CVD and osteoporosis and for the development of safe treatment options for both diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Surakka I, Isaacs A, Karssen LC, Laurila PPP, Middelberg RPS, Tikkanen E, Ried JS, Lamina C, Mangino M, Igl W, Hottenga JJ, Lagou V, van der Harst P, Mateo Leach I, Esko T, Kutalik Z, Wainwright NW, Struchalin MV, Sarin AP, Kangas AJ, Viikari JS, Perola M, Rantanen T, Petersen AK, Soininen P, Johansson Å, Soranzo N, Heath AC, Papamarkou T, Prokopenko I, Tönjes A, Kronenberg F, Döring A, Rivadeneira F, Montgomery GW, Whitfield JB, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Freimer NB, Willemsen G, de Geus EJC, Palotie A, Sandhu MS, Waterworth DM, Metspalu A, Stumvoll M, Uitterlinden AG, Jula A, Navis G, Wijmenga C, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Taskinen MR, Ala-Korpela M, Kaprio J, Kyvik KO, Boomsma DI, Pedersen NL, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Campbell H, Pramstaller PP, Spector TD, Witteman JCM, Eriksson JG, Salomaa V, Oostra BA, Raitakari OT, Wichmann HE, Gieger C, Järvelin MR, Martin NG, Hofman A, McCarthy MI, Peltonen L, van Duijn CM, Aulchenko YS, Ripatti S, for the ENGAGE Consortium. A genome-wide screen for interactions reveals a new locus on 4p15 modifying the effect of waist-to-hip ratio on total cholesterol. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002333. [PMID: 22028671 PMCID: PMC3197672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies described 95 loci controlling serum lipid levels. These common variants explain ∼25% of the heritability of the phenotypes. To date, no unbiased screen for gene-environment interactions for circulating lipids has been reported. We screened for variants that modify the relationship between known epidemiological risk factors and circulating lipid levels in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) data from 18 population-based cohorts with European ancestry (maximum N = 32,225). We collected 8 further cohorts (N = 17,102) for replication, and rs6448771 on 4p15 demonstrated genome-wide significant interaction with waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) on total cholesterol (TC) with a combined P-value of 4.79×10(-9). There were two potential candidate genes in the region, PCDH7 and CCKAR, with differential expression levels for rs6448771 genotypes in adipose tissue. The effect of WHR on TC was strongest for individuals carrying two copies of G allele, for whom a one standard deviation (sd) difference in WHR corresponds to 0.19 sd difference in TC concentration, while for A allele homozygous the difference was 0.12 sd. Our findings may open up possibilities for targeted intervention strategies for people characterized by specific genomic profiles. However, more refined measures of both body-fat distribution and metabolic measures are needed to understand how their joint dynamics are modified by the newly found locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart C. Karssen
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pirkka-Pekka P. Laurila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rita P. S. Middelberg
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilmar Igl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tõnu Esko
- The Estonian Genome Center and the Center of Translational Genomics of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- The Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas W. Wainwright
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maksim V. Struchalin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti J. Kangas
- Computational Medicine Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma S. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- The Estonian Genome Center and the Center of Translational Genomics of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Department of Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pasi Soininen
- NMR Metabonomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Theodore Papamarkou
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Manj S. Sandhu
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn M. Waterworth
- Genetics, Medicines Discovery, and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andres Metspalu
- The Estonian Genome Center and the Center of Translational Genomics of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- The Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- The Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabonomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsten O. Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy
- Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline C. M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Physiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yurii S. Aulchenko
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Steps towards reducing chronic disease progression are continuously being taken through the form of genomic research. Studies over the last year have highlighted more and more polymorphisms, pathways and interactions responsible for metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and dyslipidemia. RECENT FINDINGS Many of these chronic illnesses can be partially blamed by altered lipid metabolism, combined with individual genetic components. Critical evaluation and comparison of these recent studies is essential in order to comprehend the results, conclusions and future prospects in the field of genomics as a whole. Recent literature elucidates significant gene--diet and gene--environment interactions resulting in altered lipid metabolism, inflammation and other metabolic imbalances leading to cardiovascular disease and obesity. SUMMARY Epigenetic and epistatic interactions are now becoming more significantly associated with such disorders, as genomic research digs deeper into the complex nature of genetic individuality and heritability. The vast array of data collected from genome-wide association studies must now be empowered and explored through more complex interaction studies, using standardized methods and larger sample sizes. In doing so the etiology of chronic disease progression will be further understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Centre on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lawson HA, Lee A, Fawcett GL, Wang B, Pletscher LS, Maxwell TJ, Ehrich TH, Kenney-Hunt JP, Wolf JB, Semenkovich CF, Cheverud JM. The importance of context to the genetic architecture of diabetes-related traits is revealed in a genome-wide scan of a LG/J × SM/J murine model. Mamm Genome 2011; 22:197-208. [PMID: 21210123 PMCID: PMC3650899 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Variations in diabetic phenotypes are caused by complex interactions of genetic effects, environmental factors, and the interplay between the two. We tease apart these complex interactions by examining genome-wide genetic and epigenetic effects on diabetes-related traits among different sex, diet, and sex-by-diet cohorts in a Mus musculus model. We conducted a genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci that affect serum glucose and insulin levels and response to glucose stress in an F(16) Advanced Intercross Line of the LG/J and SM/J intercross (Wustl:LG,SM-G16). Half of each sibship was fed a high-fat diet and half was fed a relatively low-fat diet. Context-dependent genetic (additive and dominance) and epigenetic (parent-of-origin imprinting) effects were characterized by partitioning animals into sex, diet, and sex-by-diet cohorts. We found that different cohorts often have unique genetic effects at the same loci, and that genetic signals can be masked or erroneously assigned to specific cohorts if they are not considered individually. Our data demonstrate that the effects of genes on complex trait variation are highly context-dependent and that the same genomic sequence can affect traits differently depending on an individual's sex and/or dietary environment. Our results have important implications for studies of complex traits in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Lawson
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 3820 North Building, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Junyent M, Tucker KL, Smith CE, Lane JM, Mattei J, Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Ordovas JM. The effects of ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms on HDL-cholesterol concentrations depend on ABCA1 genetic variants in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:558-566. [PMID: 19692220 PMCID: PMC4038034 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ATP-binding cassette transporters G5/G8 (ABCG5/G8) are associated with HDL-C concentrations. To assess whether the effect of ABCG5/G8 genetic variants on HDL-C concentrations is dependent on ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1), we studied potential interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ABCG5/G8 (i7892T > C, 5U145A > C, T54CA > G, T400KC > A) and ABCA1 (i27943G > A, i48168G > A, K219RG > A, i125970G > C, 3U8995A > G) genes with HDL-C concentrations. METHODS AND RESULTS ABCG5/G8 and ABCA1 SNPs were genotyped in 788 subjects (228 men and 560 women) who participated in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Biochemical measurements were determined by standard procedures. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays according to routine laboratory protocols. Significant gene-gene interactions for HDL-C were found between ABCG8 (5U145A > C, T54CA > G, T400KC > A) SNPs and ABCA1_i48168G > A genetic variant (P = 0.009, P = 0.042 and P = 0.036, respectively), in which carriers of the 5U145C and 54C alleles, and homozygotes for the T400 allele at ABCG8 genetic variants displayed lower HDL-C concentrations than homozygotes for the 5U145A and T54 alleles, and heterozygotes for the 400K allele at ABCG8 SNPs, only if they were also homozygous for the minor allele (A) at the aforementioned ABCA1 SNP. CONCLUSIONS The gene-gene interactions reported in the present study support the hypothesis that the effect of ABCG5/G8 genetic variants on HDL-C concentrations is dependent on ABCA1 expression. Replication of these analyses to further populations, particularly with low HDL-C, is clearly warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Junyent
- The Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Szilvási A, Andrikovics H, Pongrácz E, Kalina A, Komlósi Z, Klein I, Tordai A. Frequencies of four ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 polymorphisms in patients with ischemic vascular diseases. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:667-72. [PMID: 20854103 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 (ABCG8) was found to participate in plant sterol and cholesterol (CHOL) transport; however, the potential associations of ABCG8 genetic variants and ischemic vascular diseases are largely unknown. Determinations of allele frequencies of four common ABCG8 polymorphisms (D19H, Y54C, T400K, and A632V) were carried out in 241 unrelated patients with ischemic stroke, 148 patients with coronary heart disease, and 191 blood donors (controls). Allele frequencies of the investigated polymorphisms in patient groups showed no significant differences compared with controls. There was a tendency toward reduced 54YY-genotype frequency among male patients with stroke. On stratification by age at disease onset, male patients with stroke under the age of 50 (n = 62) showed significantly reduced 54YY-frequency compared with male controls (n = 92; 24.2% vs. 41.3%; odds ratio: 0.45 [95% confidence intervals: 0.22-0.93]; p = 0.038). No such associations were found among women. In healthy controls, CHOL levels of individuals with the 54YY genotype (n = 71; median: 4.51 mM, 25th-75th percentiles: 4.19-5.43) were significantly reduced compared with 54YC and 54CC individuals combined (n = 120; median: 4.95 mM, 25th-75th percentiles: 4.42-5.88, p = 0.009). Further, we identified a new ABCG8-variant, T401S, in a control subject. In conclusion, ABCG8 54YY-genotype may be a potential protecting factor against ischemic stroke in young men and may influence plasma CHOL levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Szilvási
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Association of selected ABC gene family single nucleotide polymorphisms with postprandial lipoproteins: Results from the population-based Hortega study. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
30
|
Jakulj L, Vissers MN, Tanck MWT, Hutten BA, Stellaard F, Kastelein JJP, Dallinga-Thie GM. ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms and markers of cholesterol metabolism: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3016-23. [PMID: 20581104 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m008128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation at the ABCG5/G8 locus has been associated with markers of cholesterol homeostasis. As data originate from small-scale studies, we performed a meta-analysis to study these associations in a large dataset. We first investigated associations between five common ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms (p.Q604E, p.D19H, p.Y54C, p.T400K, and p.A632V) and plasma sterol levels in 245 hypercholesterolaemic individuals. No significant associations were found. Subsequently, our data were pooled into a meta-analysis that comprised 3,364 subjects from 16 studies (weighted mean age, 46.7 ± 10.5 years; BMI, 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m(2)). Presence of the minor 632V allele correlated with reduced LDL-C concentrations (n = 367) compared with homozygosity for the 632A variant [n = 614; -0.11 mmol/l (95% CI, range: -0.20 to -0.02 mmol/l); P = 0.01]. The remaining polymorphisms were not associated with plasma lipid levels. Carriers of the 19H allele exhibited lower campesterol/TC (n = 83; P < 0.001), sitosterol/TC (P < 0.00001), and cholestanol/TC (P < 0.00001), and increased lathosterol/TC ratios (P = 0.001) compared with homozygous 19D allele carriers (n = 591). The ABCG8 632V variant was associated with a clinically irrelevant LDL-C reduction, whereas the 19H allele correlated with decreased cholesterol absorption and increased synthesis without affecting the lipid profile. Hence, associations between frequently studied missense ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms and markers of cholesterol homeostasis are modest at best.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Jakulj
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lawson HA, Cheverud JM. Metabolic syndrome components in murine models. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2010; 10:25-40. [PMID: 20088816 PMCID: PMC2854879 DOI: 10.2174/187153010790827948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have enriched understanding of the physiological basis of metabolic disorders and advanced identification of genetic risk factors underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Murine models are especially appropriate for this type of research, and are an excellent resource not only for identifying candidate genomic regions, but also for illuminating the possible molecular mechanisms or pathways affected in individual components of MetS. In this review, we briefly discuss findings from mouse models of metabolic disorders, particularly in light of issues raised by the recent flood of human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) results. We describe how mouse models are revealing that genotype interacts with environment in important ways, indicating that the underlying genetics of MetS is highly context dependant. Further we show that epistasis, imprinting and maternal effects each contribute to the genetic architecture underlying variation in metabolic traits, and mouse models provide an opportunity to dissect these aspects of the genetic architecture that are difficult if not impossible to ascertain in humans. Finally we discuss how knowledge gained from mouse models can be used in conjunction with comparative genomic methods and bioinformatic resources to inform human MetS research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Lawson
- The Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Junyent M, Tucker KL, Shen J, Lee YC, Smith CE, Mattei J, Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Ordovas JM. A composite scoring of genotypes discriminates coronary heart disease risk beyond conventional risk factors in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:157-164. [PMID: 19501493 PMCID: PMC4031647 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Using a genetic predisposition score (GPS), integrating the additive associations of a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CHD, we examined the consequences of the joint presence of a high GPS and conventional risk factors (CRFs). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 11 SNPs at eight loci in 197 participants with prior CHD and 524 CHD-free subjects from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Each polymorphism contributed 1 unit (high-risk allele homozygous), 0.5 units (heterozygous) and 0 units (low-risk allele homozygous) to the GPS. Odds ratio (OR) of CHD for those at high risk because of GPS (>5) and simultaneous presence of CRFs were estimated, compared with subjects at low risk, for both measurements. The mean score was higher in participants with prior CHD than those CHD-free (P=0.015), and the OR for CHD with a GPS>5 was 2.90 (P<0.001).The joint presence of a high GPS and each CRF was associated with higher risk of CHD. Compared to participants with high GPS, those with low GPS (<or=5) were protected against CHD even if they were smokers (OR=0.44), heavy drinkers (OR=0.43), displayed low physical activity (OR=0.35), had hypertension (OR=0.52) or hyperlipidemia (OR=0.34) (P values ranging from 0.004 to 0.023). CONCLUSION A simple genetic score of 11 polymorphisms may identify those subjects at increased risk of CHD beyond conventional risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Junyent
- The Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Genetic variations at ABCG5/G8 genes modulate plasma lipids concentrations in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2010; 210:486-92. [PMID: 20172523 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ABCG5 (i7892A>G, i18429C>T, Gln604GluC>G, i11836G>A) and five at ABCG8 (5U145T>G, Tyr54CysA>G, Asp19HisG>C, i14222T>C, and Thr400LysG>T) with plasma lipids concentrations and to explore the interaction between those SNPs and smoking in patients with FH. METHODS AND RESULTS ABCG5/G8 SNPs were genotyped in 500 subjects with genetic diagnosis of FH. Carriers of the minor A allele at the ABCG5_i11836G>A SNP displayed significantly higher HDL-C concentrations (P=0.023) than G/G subjects. In addition, carriers of the minor G allele at the ABCG5_Gln604GluC>G SNP had significantly lower VLDL-C (P=0.011) and lower TG (P=0.017) concentrations than homozygous C/C. Interestingly, a significant gene-smoking interaction was found, in which carriers of the minor alleles at ABCG5 (i7892A>G, i18429C>T, i11836G>A) SNPs displayed significantly lower HDL-C, higher TC and higher TG respectively, only in smokers. On the other hand, nonsmokers carriers of the minor alleles at ABCG5 (i18429C>T and Gln604GluC>G) SNPs had significantly lower TG concentrations (P=0.012 and P=0.035) compared with homozygous for the major allele. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the notion that ABCG5/G8 genetic variants modulate plasma lipids concentrations in patients with FH and confirm that this effect could be influenced by smoking. Therefore, these results suggest that gene-environmental interactions can affect the clinical phenotype of FH.
Collapse
|
34
|
Lu Y, Feskens EJM, Boer JMA, Müller M. The potential influence of genetic variants in genes along bile acid and bile metabolic pathway on blood cholesterol levels in the population. Atherosclerosis 2009; 210:14-27. [PMID: 19932478 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The liver is currently known to be the major organ to eliminate excess cholesterol from our body. It accomplishes this function in two ways: conversion of cholesterol molecules into bile acids (BAs) and secretion of unesterified cholesterol molecules into bile. BAs are synthesized in the hepatocytes, secreted into bile and delivered to the lumen of the small intestine where they act as detergents to facilitate absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. About 95% of BAs are recovered in the ileum during each cycle of the enterohepatic circulation. Five percent are lost and replaced by newly synthesized BAs, which amounts to approximately 500 mg/day in adult humans. In contrast to the efficiency of the BAs' enterohepatic circulation, 50% of the 1000 mg of cholesterol secreted daily into bile is lost in feces. It is known that rare human mutations in certain genes in bile acid and bile metabolic pathway influence blood cholesterol levels. With the recent success of genome-wide association studies, we are convinced that common genetic variants also play a role in the genetic architecture of plasma lipid traits. In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge about genetic variations in bile acid and bile metabolic pathway, and assessed their impact on blood cholesterol levels and cholesterol metabolic kinetics in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Lu
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Center, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tseng ZH, Vittinghoff E, Musone SL, Lin F, Whiteman D, Pawlikowska L, Kwok PY, Olgin JE, Aouizerat BE. Association of TGFBR2 polymorphism with risk of sudden cardiac arrest in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Rhythm 2009; 6:1745-50. [PMID: 19959123 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor ss (TGFss) signaling has been shown to promote myocardial fibrosis and remodeling with coronary artery disease (CAD), and previous studies show a major role for fibrosis in the initiation of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TGFss pathway genes may be associated with SCA. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of common SNPs among 12 candidate genes in the TGFss pathway with the risk of SCA. METHODS SNPs (n = 617) were genotyped in a case-control study comparing 89 patients with CAD and SCA caused by VA to 520 healthy control subjects. RESULTS Nineteen SNPs among 5 genes (TGFB2, TGFBR2, SMAD1, SMAD3, SMAD6) were associated with SCA after adjustment for age and sex. After permutation analysis to account for multiple testing, a single SNP in TGFBR2 (rs9838682) was associated with SCA (odds ratio: 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.08 to 2.54, P = .02). CONCLUSION We show an association between a common TGFBR2 polymorphism and risk of SCA caused by VA in the setting of CAD. If validated, these findings support the role of genetic variation in TGFss signaling in SCA susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zian H Tseng
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-1354, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|