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Chen J, Xu H, Liu Q, Ke M, Zhang Z, Wang X, Gao Z, Wu R, Yuan Q, Qian C, Huang L, Chen J, Han Q, Guan Y, Yu X, Huang X, Chen X. Shoot-to-root communication via GmUVR8-GmSTF3 photosignaling and flavonoid biosynthesis fine-tunes soybean nodulation under UV-B light. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:209-226. [PMID: 37881032 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodulation requires light perception by plant shoots and precise long-distance communication between shoot and root. Recent studies have revealed that TGACG-motif binding factors (GmSTFs) integrate light signals to promote root nodulation; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying nodule formation in changing light conditions remain elusive. Here, we applied genetic engineering, metabolite measurement, and transcriptional analysis to study soybean (Glycine max) nodules. We clarify a fine-tuning mechanism in response to ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation and rhizobia infection, involving GmUVR8-dependent UV-B perception and GmSTF3/4-GmMYB12-GmCHS-mediated (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis for soybean nodule formation. GmUVR8 receptor-perceived UV-B signal triggered R2R3-MYB transcription factors GmMYB12-dependent flavonoid biosynthesis separately in shoot and root. In shoot, UV-B-triggered flavonoid biosynthesis relied on GmUVR8a, b, c receptor-dependent activation of GmMYB12L-GmCHS8 (chalcone synthase) module. In root, UV-B signaling distinctly promotes the accumulation of the isoflavones, daidzein, and its derivative coumestrol, via GmMYB12B2-GmCHS9 module, resulting in hypernodulation. The mobile transcription factors, GmSTF3/4, bind to cis-regulatory elements in the GmMYB12L, GmMYB12B2, and GmCHS9 promoters, to coordinate UV-B light perception in shoot and (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis in root. Our findings establish a novel shoot-to-root communication module involved in soybean nodulation and reveal an adaptive strategy employed by soybean roots in response to UV-B light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Chen
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qiulin Liu
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meiyu Ke
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongqin Zhang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Agricultural Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ruimei Wu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qiao Yuan
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chongzhen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Laimei Huang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaomei Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qingqing Han
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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An X, Zhao S, Luo X, Chen C, Liu T, Li W, Zou L, Sun C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the regulator of chromosome condensation 1 gene family in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124905. [PMID: 36909424 PMCID: PMC9998523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) is the world's most widely cultivated crop and an important staple food for humans, accounting for one-fifth of calories consumed. Proteins encoded by the regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) are highly conserved among eukaryotes and consist of seven repeated domains that fold into a seven-bladed propeller structure. In this study, a total of 76 RCC1 genes of bread wheat were identified via a genome-wide search, and their phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, protein-conserved domain, chromosome localization, conserved motif, and transcription factor binding sites were systematically analyzed using the bioinformatics approach to indicate the evolutionary and functional features of these genes. The expression patterns of 76 TaRCC1 family genes in wheat under various stresses were further analyzed, and RT-PCR verified that RCC1-3A (TraesCS3A02G362800), RCC1-3B (TraesCS3B02G395200), and RCC1-3D (TraesCS3D02G35650) were significantly induced by salt, cold, and drought stresses. Additionally, the co-expression network analysis and binding site prediction suggested that Myb-7B (TraesCS7B02G188000) and Myb-7D (TraesCS7D02G295400) may bind to the promoter of RCC1-3A/3B and upregulate their expression in response to abiotic stresses in wheat. The results have furthered our understanding of the wheat RCC1 family members and will provide important information for subsequent studies and the use of RCC1 genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia An
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton and Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Zhao
- Cotton and Wheat Research Institute, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, China
| | - Xiahong Luo
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton and Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changli Chen
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton and Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton and Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlue Li
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton and Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Zou
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton and Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chendong Sun
- The Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ojha M, Verma D, Chakraborty N, Pal A, Bhagat PK, Singh A, Verma N, Sinha AK, Chattopadhyay S. MKKK20 works as an upstream triple-kinase of MKK3-MPK6-MYC2 module in Arabidopsis seedling development. iScience 2023; 26:106049. [PMID: 36818282 PMCID: PMC9929681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is involved in several signal transduction processes in eukaryotes. Here, we report a mechanistic function of MAP kinase kinase kinase 20 (MKKK20) in light signal transduction pathways. We show that MKKK20 acts as a negative regulator of photomorphogenic growth at various wavelengths of light. MKKK20 not only regulates the expression of light signaling pathway regulatory genes but also gets regulated by the same pathway genes. The atmyc2 mkkk20 double mutant analysis shows that MYC2 works downstream to MKKK20 in the regulation of photomorphogenic growth. MYC2 directly binds to the promoter of MKKK20 to modulate its expression. The protein-protein interaction study indicates that MKKK20 physically interacts with MYC2, and this interaction likely suppresses the MYC2-mediated promotion of MKKK20 expression. Further, the protein phosphorylation studies demonstrate that MKKK20 works as the upstream kinase of MKK3-MPK6-MYC2 module in photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Ojha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Deepanjali Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nibedita Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Abhideep Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Bhagat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Neetu Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India,Corresponding author
| | - Sudip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
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Chen Z, Dong Y, Huang X. Plant responses to UV-B radiation: signaling, acclimation and stress tolerance. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:51. [PMID: 37676395 PMCID: PMC10441900 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light is an intrinsic part of sunlight that reaches the earth's surface, and affects plant survival and adaptation. How plants respond to UV-B light is regulated by the wavelength, intensity and duration of UV-B radiation, and is also regulated by photosynthetically active radiation perceived by phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptors. Non-damaging UV-B light promotes plant photomorphogenesis and UV-B acclimation which enhances plant tolerance against UV-B stress. However, high-level UV-B radiation induces DNA damage, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs photosynthesis. Plants have evolved efficient mechanisms to utilize informational UV-B signal, and protect themselves from UV-B stress. UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) is a conserved plant-specific UV-B photoreceptor. It interacts with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) to initiate UV-B-specific light signaling and regulate UV-B responsive gene expression. A set of transcription factors such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) function downstream of the UVR8-COP1 module to promote seedling de-etiolation for photomorphogenic development and biosynthesis of sunscreen flavonoids for UV-B stress tolerance. In addition to UVR8 signaling pathways, plants subjected to damaging UV-B radiation initiate stress protection and repair mechanisms through UVR8-independent pathways. In this review, we summarize the emerging mechanisms underlying UV-B stress acclimation and protection in plants, primarily revealed in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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5
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Lan TH, He L, Huang Y, Zhou Y. Optogenetics for transcriptional programming and genetic engineering. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1253-1270. [PMID: 35738948 PMCID: PMC10484296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics combines genetics and biophotonics to enable noninvasive control of biological processes with high spatiotemporal precision. When engineered into protein machineries that govern the cellular information flow as depicted in the central dogma, multiple genetically encoded non-opsin photosensory modules have been harnessed to modulate gene transcription, DNA or RNA modifications, DNA recombination, and genome engineering by utilizing photons emitting in the wide range of 200-1000 nm. We present herein generally applicable modular strategies for optogenetic engineering and highlight latest advances in the broad applications of opsin-free optogenetics to program transcriptional outputs and precisely manipulate the mammalian genome, epigenome, and epitranscriptome. We also discuss current challenges and future trends in opsin-free optogenetics, which has been rapidly evolving to meet the growing needs in synthetic biology and genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hung Lan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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Huang H, Ji H, Ju S, Lin W, Li J, Lv X, Lin L, Guo L, Qiu D, Yan J, Ma X. Pantranscriptome combined with phenotypic quantification reveals germplasm kinship and regulation network of bract color variation in Bougainvillea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018846. [PMID: 36466294 PMCID: PMC9713818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bracts are the metamorphic non-flower organ in angiosperm plants. The variation of the color and shape of bracts was found to be neo-functionalized (i.e., similar to petals), garnering research interest as a pollinator attractor. Bougainvillea is known for its specialized, large, and colorful bracts, which contrast with its tiny colorless flowers. As a plant whose bracts vary greatly in terms of coloration, the molecular mechanisms for Bougainvillea bract coloration and polychroism are largely unknown. The lack of genomic information for Bougainvillea largely hinders studies into the evolution and genetic basis of bract color variation. In this study, a pan-transcriptome of bracts obtained from 18 Bougainvillea glabra accessions was employed to investigate the global population-level germplasm kinship and the gene regulation network for bract color variation. Our results showed that the bracts of B. glabra accessions have largely differentiated International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L-a-b values. Moreover, germplasm kinship detected using principal component analysis, phylogeny, and admixture analysis showed three optimal subgroups, two of them distinctly clustered, which were not directly correlated with bract color variation at the population level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between accessions of high vs. low L-a-b values revealed several considerable upregulated genes related to bract color L-a-b variation. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed, and eight co-expressed regulation modules were identified that were highly correlated with variation in bract CIE L-a-b color values. Several candidate DEGs and co-expressed hub genes (e.g., GERD, SGR, ABCA3, GST, CYP76AD1, CYP76C, and JAZ) that were tightly associated with bract color variation were eventually determined responsible for L-a-b colorations, which might be the core regulation factors contributing to the B. glabra bract color variation. This study provides valuable insights into the research on germplasm kinship, population-level pan-transcriptome expression profiles, and the molecular basis of color variation of key innovative bracts in horticultural Bougainvillea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Huang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Yuanshan Institute of Bougainvillea in Longhai, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Ji
- Vegetable and Flower Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Song Ju
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanrui Lv
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixian Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijin Guo
- International Magnesium Institute, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Yan
- Yuanshan Institute of Bougainvillea in Longhai, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Aphalo PJ, Sadras VO. Explaining pre-emptive acclimation by linking information to plant phenotype. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5213-5234. [PMID: 34915559 PMCID: PMC9440433 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We review mechanisms for pre-emptive acclimation in plants and propose a conceptual model linking developmental and evolutionary ecology with the acquisition of information through sensing of cues and signals. The idea is that plants acquire much of the information in the environment not from individual cues and signals but instead from their joint multivariate properties such as correlations. If molecular signalling has evolved to extract such information, the joint multivariate properties of the environment must be encoded in the genome, epigenome, and phenome. We contend that multivariate complexity explains why extrapolating from experiments done in artificial contexts into natural or agricultural systems almost never works for characters under complex environmental regulation: biased relationships among the state variables in both time and space create a mismatch between the evolutionary history reflected in the genotype and the artificial growing conditions in which the phenotype is expressed. Our model can generate testable hypotheses bridging levels of organization. We describe the model and its theoretical bases, and discuss its implications. We illustrate the hypotheses that can be derived from the model in two cases of pre-emptive acclimation based on correlations in the environment: the shade avoidance response and acclimation to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor O Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
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Job N, Lingwan M, Masakapalli SK, Datta S. Transcription factors BBX11 and HY5 interdependently regulate the molecular and metabolic responses to UV-B. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2467-2480. [PMID: 35511140 PMCID: PMC9342961 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UV-B radiation acts as a developmental cue and a stress factor for plants, depending on dose. Activation of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in a UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8)-dependent manner leads to the induction of a broad set of genes under UV-B. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating this process are less understood. Here, we use molecular, biochemical, genetic, and metabolomic tools to identify the B-BOX transcription factor B-BOX PROTEIN 11 (BBX11) as a component of the molecular response to UV-B in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). BBX11 expression is induced by UV-B in a dose-dependent manner. Under low UV-B, BBX11 regulates hypocotyl growth suppression, whereas it protects plants exposed to high UV-B radiation by promoting the accumulation of photo-protective phenolics and antioxidants, and inducing DNA repair genes. Our genetic studies indicate that BBX11 regulates hypocotyl elongation under UV-B partially dependent on HY5. Overexpression of BBX11 can partially rescue the high UV-B sensitivity of hy5, suggesting that HY5-mediated UV-B stress tolerance is partially dependent on BBX11. HY5 regulates the UV-B-mediated induction of BBX11 by directly binding to its promoter. BBX11 reciprocally regulates the mRNA and protein levels of HY5. We report here the role of a BBX11-HY5 feedback loop in regulating photomorphogenesis and stress tolerance under UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Job
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maneesh Lingwan
- BioX School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- BioX School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Piccinini L, Iacopino S, Cazzaniga S, Ballottari M, Giuntoli B, Licausi F. A synthetic switch based on orange carotenoid protein to control blue-green light responses in chloroplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 35289909 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.27.428448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology approaches to engineer light-responsive systems are widely used, but their applications in plants are still limited due to the interference with endogenous photoreceptors and the intrinsic requirement of light for photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria possess a family of soluble carotenoid-associated proteins named orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs) that, when activated by blue-green light, undergo a reversible conformational change that enables the photoprotection mechanism that occurs on the phycobilisome. Exploiting this system, we developed a chloroplast-localized synthetic photoswitch based on a protein complementation assay where two nanoluciferase fragments were fused to separate polypeptides corresponding to the OCP2 domains. Since Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) does not possess the prosthetic group needed for the assembly of the OCP2 complex, we first implemented the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway with a bacterial β-carotene ketolase enzyme (crtW) to generate keto-carotenoid-producing plants. The photoswitch was tested and characterized in Arabidopsis protoplasts and stably transformed plants with experiments aimed to uncover its regulation by a range of light intensities, wavelengths, and its conversion dynamics. Finally, we applied the OCP-based photoswitch to control transcriptional responses in chloroplasts in response to green light illumination by fusing the two OCP fragments with the plastidial SIGMA FACTOR 2 and bacteriophage T4 anti-sigma factor AsiA. This pioneering study establishes the basis for future implementation of plastid optogenetics to regulate organelle responses upon exposure to specific light spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piccinini
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Sergio Iacopino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
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10
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Piccinini L, Iacopino S, Cazzaniga S, Ballottari M, Giuntoli B, Licausi F. A synthetic switch based on orange carotenoid protein to control blue-green light responses in chloroplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1153-1168. [PMID: 35289909 PMCID: PMC9157063 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology approaches to engineer light-responsive systems are widely used, but their applications in plants are still limited due to the interference with endogenous photoreceptors and the intrinsic requirement of light for photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria possess a family of soluble carotenoid-associated proteins named orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs) that, when activated by blue-green light, undergo a reversible conformational change that enables the photoprotection mechanism that occurs on the phycobilisome. Exploiting this system, we developed a chloroplast-localized synthetic photoswitch based on a protein complementation assay where two nanoluciferase fragments were fused to separate polypeptides corresponding to the OCP2 domains. Since Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) does not possess the prosthetic group needed for the assembly of the OCP2 complex, we first implemented the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway with a bacterial β-carotene ketolase enzyme (crtW) to generate keto-carotenoid-producing plants. The photoswitch was tested and characterized in Arabidopsis protoplasts and stably transformed plants with experiments aimed to uncover its regulation by a range of light intensities, wavelengths, and its conversion dynamics. Finally, we applied the OCP-based photoswitch to control transcriptional responses in chloroplasts in response to green light illumination by fusing the two OCP fragments with the plastidial SIGMA FACTOR 2 and bacteriophage T4 anti-sigma factor AsiA. This pioneering study establishes the basis for future implementation of plastid optogenetics to regulate organelle responses upon exposure to specific light spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piccinini
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Sergio Iacopino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
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11
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Su L, Zhou P, Guo L, Jia X, Wang S, Gao J, Li H, Liu B, Song M, Yang J. Arabidopsis SPA2 represses seedling de-etiolation under multiple light conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e403. [PMID: 35662851 PMCID: PMC9148924 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, phytochrome (phy) A, phyB, and cryptochrome 1 (cry1) are representative far-red, red, and blue light photoreceptors, respectively. Members of the SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) protein family (SPA1-SPA4) form E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), which mediates the degradation of photomorphogenesis-promoting factors to desensitize light signaling. SPA2 has been reported to promote seedling etiolation in the dark. However, the unique roles of SPA2 and its three functional domains in suppressing photomorphogenesis under different light conditions are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the full-length or the central coiled-coil and C-terminal WD-repeat domains of SPA2 cause hyper-etiolation phenotypes under several light conditions. The SPA2 central coiled-coil and C-terminal WD-repeat domains are necessary and sufficient for repressing seedling de-etiolation, cotyledon unfolding, and promoting hypocotyl negative gravitropism under several light conditions. Furthermore, phyA, phyB, cry1, and COP1 repress protein accumulation or nuclear translocation of SPA2 through direct interactions with its kinase-like and coiled-coil domains located in the N-terminus in response to far-red, red, and blue light treatments, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SPA2 functions under multiple light conditions; moreover, light-activated photoreceptors rapidly suppress SPA2 activity via direct interactions in response to different light treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Su
- Institute of Radiation TechnologyBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- China Agricultural Science and Technology PressBeijingChina
| | - Lin Guo
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolin Jia
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shaoci Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetable ResearchShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation TechnologyBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Yang
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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12
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UVA and UVB Radiation as Innovative Tools to Biofortify Horticultural Crops with Nutraceuticals. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to the prevention and treatment of chronic–degenerative diseases due to the presence of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical activity. Most of these secondary metabolites, also known as nutraceuticals, are present in low concentrations in the plant tissue. Therefore, to improve the health benefits of horticultural crops, it is necessary to increase their nutraceutical content before reaching consumers. Applying ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to fruits and vegetables has been a simple and effective technology to biofortify plant tissue with secondary metabolites. This review article describes the physiological and molecular basis of stress response in plants. Likewise, current literature on the mechanisms and effects of UVA and UVB radiation on the accumulation of different bioactive phytochemicals are reviewed. The literature shows that UVR is an effective tool to biofortify horticultural crops to enhance their nutraceutical content.
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13
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Transcriptomic Data Meta-Analysis Sheds Light on High Light Response in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084455. [PMID: 35457273 PMCID: PMC9026532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability and intensity of sunlight are among the major factors of growth, development and metabolism in plants. However, excessive illumination disrupts the electronic balance of photosystems and leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts, further mediating several regulatory mechanisms at the subcellular, genetic, and molecular levels. We carried out a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis that aimed to identify genetic systems and candidate transcription factors involved in the response to high light stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. using resources GEO NCBI, string-db, ShinyGO, STREME, and Tomtom, as well as programs metaRE, CisCross, and Cytoscape. Through the meta-analysis of five transcriptomic experiments, we selected a set of 1151 differentially expressed genes, including 453 genes that compose the gene network. Ten significantly enriched regulatory motifs for TFs families ZF-HD, HB, C2H2, NAC, BZR, and ARID were found in the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes. In addition, we predicted families of transcription factors associated with the duration of exposure (RAV, HSF), intensity of high light treatment (MYB, REM), and the direction of gene expression change (HSF, S1Fa-like). We predicted genetic components systems involved in a high light response and their expression changes, potential transcriptional regulators, and associated processes.
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Zioutopoulou A, Patitaki E, O’Donnell L, Kaiserli E. Low Fluence Ultraviolet-B Promotes Ultraviolet Resistance 8-Modulated Flowering in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:840720. [PMID: 35432431 PMCID: PMC9009151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation (280-320 nm) is an integral part of sunlight and a pivotal environmental cue that triggers various plant responses, from photoprotection to photomorphogenesis and metabolic processes. UV-B is perceived by ULTRAVIOLET RESISTANCE 8 (UVR8), which orchestrates UV-B signal transduction and transcriptional control of UV-B-responsive genes. However, there is limited information on the molecular mechanism underlying the UV-B- and UVR8-dependent regulation of flowering time in plants. Here, we investigate the role of UV-B and UVR8 in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings suggest that UV-B controls photoperiodic flowering in an ecotype-specific manner and that UVR8 acts as a negative regulator of UV-B-induced flowering. Overall, our research shows that UV-B modulates flowering initiation through the action of UVR8 at the transcriptional level.
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15
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Cavallaro V, Pellegrino A, Muleo R, Forgione I. Light and Plant Growth Regulators on In Vitro Proliferation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070844. [PMID: 35406824 PMCID: PMC9002540 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue cultures depend entirely upon artificial light sources for illumination. The illumination should provide light in the appropriate regions of the electromagnetic spectrum for photomorphogenic responses and photosynthetic metabolism. Controlling light quality, irradiances and photoperiod enables the production of plants with desired characteristics. Moreover, significant money savings may be achieved using both more appropriate and less consuming energy lamps. In this review, the attention will be focused on the effects of light characteristics and plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation, the main process in in vitro propagation. The effects of the light spectrum on the balance of endogenous growth regulators will also be presented. For each light spectrum, the effects on proliferation but also on plantlet quality, i.e., shoot length, fresh and dry weight and photosynthesis, have been also analyzed. Even if a huge amount of literature is available on the effects of light on in vitro proliferation, the results are often conflicting. In fact, a lot of exogenous and endogenous factors, but also the lack of a common protocol, make it difficult to choose the most effective light spectrum for each of the large number of species. However, some general issues derived from the analysis of the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cavallaro
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy, 95126 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Pellegrino
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Tree Physiology and Fruit Crop Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Ivano Forgione
- Tree Physiology and Fruit Crop Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
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Terletskaya NV, Seitimova GA, Kudrina NO, Meduntseva ND, Ashimuly K. The Reactions of Photosynthetic Capacity and Plant Metabolites of Sedum hybridum L. in Response to Mild and Moderate Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060828. [PMID: 35336710 PMCID: PMC8955115 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article, for the first time, an experimental study of the effect of mild and moderate osmotic stress, NaCl content and the effect of low positive temperature on photosynthetic activity and composition of metabolites of immature plants Sedum hybridum L. is reported. In this representative of the genus Sedum adapted to arid conditions and having the properties of a succulent, a change in photosynthetic activity and an increase in the level of protective metabolites in the shoots were revealed when exposed to mild and moderate stress factors. The results of this study can be used in work on the adaptation of succulent plants to arid conditions, environmental monitoring and work on the directed induction of valuable secondary metabolites in succulents to obtain new herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Terletskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (N.V.T.); (N.O.K.); Tel.: +7-(777)-2993-335 (N.V.T.); +7-(705)-1811-440 (N.O.K.)
| | - Gulnaz A. Seitimova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nataliya O. Kudrina
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (N.V.T.); (N.O.K.); Tel.: +7-(777)-2993-335 (N.V.T.); +7-(705)-1811-440 (N.O.K.)
| | - Nataliya D. Meduntseva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Kazhybek Ashimuly
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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17
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Supplemental UV-B Exposure Influences the Biomass and the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Linum usitatissimum L. Sprouts and Microgreens. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the pre-harvest ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure of crops in indoor cultivation has grown consistently, though very little is known about its influence on the nutraceutical quality of microgreens. Flaxseeds constitute a valuable oilseed species, mostly appreciated for their nutritional properties and the presence of health-promoting compounds. Therefore, although scarcely studied, flaxseed sprouts and microgreens might constitute a high-quality food product to be included in a healthy diet. This study aims to unravel the effects of pre-harvest ultraviolet-B irradiation on the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of flaxseed sprouts and microgreens grown under artificial conditions. The UV-B irradiation decreased the biomass and stem length of microgreens. However, the content of total phenolics and flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity were strongly enhanced by the UV-B treatment in both sprouts and microgreens. Among photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and lutein in sprouts were reduced by the treatment, while chlorophyll b increased in microgreens. In conclusion, our results showed that growing flaxseed sprouts and microgreens in controlled conditions with supplemental UV-B exposure might increase their nutritional and nutraceutical quality, as well as their antioxidant capacity, making them high-quality functional foods.
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Martínez-Silvestre KE, Santiz-Gómez JA, Luján-Hidalgo MC, Ruiz-Lau N, Sánchez-Roque Y, Gutiérrez-Miceli FA. Effect of UV-B Radiation on Flavonoids and Phenols Accumulation in Tempisque ( Sideroxylon capiri Pittier) Callus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:473. [PMID: 35214805 PMCID: PMC8875756 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tempisque (Sideroxylon capiri Pittier) is classified as a threatened species and has been reported with a high content of phenols and flavonoids in the leaves. The use of abiotic elicitors such as radiation has been reported due to the changes it produces in the metabolism of plants by activating their defense mechanisms and increasing the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity such as phenols and flavonoids. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of UV-B radiation on growth parameters and the synthesis of bioactive compounds in in vitro culture of tempisque callus. For the callus induction, we used thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0, 0.5 and 1 mg/L. Calluses were exposed to UV-B radiation (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h/day) for two and four weeks. The highest callus formation index was obtained with TDZ and 2,4-D at 1 mg/mL. The greatest increase in the concentration of phenols and flavonoids was detected in the fourth week with 4 h of exposure per day. The highest concentrations of quercetin (230 µg/g dry weight), kaempferol (235 µg/g dry weight) and gallic acid (240 µg/g dry weight) were found in callus obtained from leaves explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina E. Martínez-Silvestre
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
| | - José Alfredo Santiz-Gómez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
| | - María Celina Luján-Hidalgo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
| | - Nancy Ruiz-Lau
- Cátedra CONACYT—Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Yazmin Sánchez-Roque
- Dirección de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas, Carretera Tuxtla Gutiérrez-Portillo Zaragoza Km 21+500, Colonia Las Brisas, Suchiapa 29150, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Federico A. Gutiérrez-Miceli
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.E.M.-S.); (J.A.S.-G.); (M.C.L.-H.)
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19
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Wang M, Leng C, Zhu Y, Wang P, Gu Z, Yang R. UV-B treatment enhances phenolic acids accumulation and antioxidant capacity of barley seedlings. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Ortega-Hernández E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Improving the Health-Benefits of Kales ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) through the Application of Controlled Abiotic Stresses: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2629. [PMID: 34961097 PMCID: PMC8706317 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is a popular cruciferous vegetable originating from Central Asia, and is well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. This review discusses the main kale phytochemicals and emphasizes molecules of nutraceutical interest, including phenolics, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. The preventive and therapeutic properties of kale against chronic and degenerative diseases are highlighted according to the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported. Likewise, it is well known that the application of controlled abiotic stresses can be used as an effective tool to increase the content of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. In this context, the effect of different abiotic stresses (saline, exogenous phytohormones, drought, temperature, and radiation) on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in kale is also presented. The information reviewed in this article can be used as a starting point to further validate through bioassays the effects of abiotically stressed kale on the prevention and treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45138, Mexico
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21
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LED Illumination for High-Quality High-Yield Crop Growth in Protected Cropping Environments. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112470. [PMID: 34834833 PMCID: PMC8621602 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables and herbs play a central role in the human diet due to their low fat and calory content and essential antioxidant, phytochemicals, and fiber. It is well known that the manipulation of light wavelengths illuminating the crops can enhance their growth rate and nutrient contents. To date, it has not been easy to generalize the effects of LED illumination because of the differences in the plant species investigated, the measured traits, the way wavelengths have been manipulated, and the plants’ growing environments. In order to address this gap, we undertook a quantitative review of LED manipulation in relation to plant traits, focusing on vegetables and herbs. Here, we use standardized measurements of biomass, antioxidant, and other quantitative characteristics together with the whole range of the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Overall, our review revealed support for the claims that the red and blue LED illumination is more reliable and efficient than full spectrum illumination and increases the plant’s biomass and nutritional value by enhancing the photosynthetic activity, antioxidant properties, phenolic, and flavonoids contents. Although LED illumination provides an efficient way to improve yield and modify plant properties, this study also highlights the broad range of responses among species, varieties traits, and the age of plant material.
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22
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Shi C, Liu H. How plants protect themselves from ultraviolet-B radiation stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1096-1103. [PMID: 34734275 PMCID: PMC8566272 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has a wavelength range of 280-315 nm. Plants perceive UV-B as an environmental signal and a potential abiotic stress factor that affects development and acclimation. UV-B regulates photomorphogenesis including hypocotyl elongation inhibition, cotyledon expansion, and flavonoid accumulation, but high intensity UV-B can also harm plants by damaging DNA, triggering accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and impairing photosynthesis. Plants have evolved "sunscreen" flavonoids that accumulate under UV-B stress to prevent or limit damage. The UV-B receptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) plays a critical role in promoting flavonoid biosynthesis to enhance UV-B stress tolerance. Recent studies have clarified several UVR8-mediated and UVR8-independent pathways that regulate UV-B stress tolerance. Here, we review these additions to our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in UV-B stress tolerance, highlighting the important roles of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 13, MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE 1, and ATM- and RAD3-RELATED. We also summarize the known interactions with visible light receptors and the contribution of melatonin to UV-B stress responses. Finally, we update a working model of the UV-B stress tolerance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Author for communication:
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23
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Ekwealor JTB, Mishler BD. Transcriptomic Effects of Acute Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure on Two Syntrichia Mosses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752913. [PMID: 34777431 PMCID: PMC8581813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental stressor for terrestrial plants. Here we investigated genetic responses to acute broadband UVR exposure in the highly desiccation-tolerant mosses Syntrichia caninervis and Syntrichia ruralis, using a comparative transcriptomics approach. We explored whether UVR protection is physiologically plastic and induced by UVR exposure, addressing the following questions: (1) What is the timeline of changes in the transcriptome with acute UVR exposure in these two species? (2) What genes are involved in the UVR response? and (3) How do the two species differ in their transcriptomic response to UVR? There were remarkable differences between the two species after 10 and 30 min of UVR exposure, including no overlap in significantly differentially abundant transcripts (DATs) after 10 min of UVR exposure and more than twice as many DATs for S. caninervis as there were for S. ruralis. Photosynthesis-related transcripts were involved in the response of S. ruralis to UVR, while membrane-related transcripts were indicated in the response of S. caninervis. In both species, transcripts involved in oxidative stress and those important for desiccation tolerance (such as late embryogenesis abundant genes and early light-inducible protein genes) were involved in response to UVR, suggesting possible roles in UVR tolerance and cross-talk with desiccation tolerance in these species. The results of this study suggest potential UVR-induced responses that may have roles outside of UVR tolerance, and that the response to URV is different in these two species, perhaps a reflection of adaptation to different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna T. B. Ekwealor
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- The University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brent D. Mishler
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- The University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Li Z, Zhou W, Wang P, Chen Y, Huo S, Wang J, Tian D, Niu J, Zhao Y, Song X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Senescence Process Controlling the Flower Opening and Closure Rhythm in the Waterlilies ( Nymphaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701633. [PMID: 34671367 PMCID: PMC8521120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most waterlily flowers open at dawn and close after noon usually for three to four days, and thereafter wilt. The short lifespan of flowers restricts the development of the flower postharvest industry. The termination of flower movements is a key event during flower aging process. However, it is still unclear when the senescence process initiates and how it terminates the movement rhythm. In this study, we observed that the opening diameter of flowers was the smallest on the fourth (last) flowering day. Subsequent transcriptome profiles generated from petals at different flowering stages showed that the multiple signaling pathways were activated at the last closure stage (Time 3, T3) of the flowers, including Ca2+, reactive oxygen species and far red light signaling pathways, as well as auxin, ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. Moreover, In terms of cell metabolism regulation, the genes related to hydrolase (protease, phospholipase, nuclease) were upregulated at T3 stage, indicating that petals entered the senescence stage at that time; and the genes related to water transport and cell wall modification were also differentially regulated at T3 stage, which would affect the ability of cell expand and contract, and eventually lead to petal not open after the fourth day. Collectively, our data provided a new insight into the termination of flower opening in the waterlilies, and a global understanding of the senescence process of those opening-closure rhythm flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoji Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Weijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yanfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaojie Huo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Daike Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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25
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Liu S, Yang L, Li J, Tang W, Li J, Lin R. FHY3 interacts with phytochrome B and regulates seed dormancy and germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:289-302. [PMID: 33764465 PMCID: PMC8418400 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination are fundamental processes for plant propagation, both of which are tightly regulated by internal and external cues. Phytochrome B (phyB) is a major red/far-red-absorbing photoreceptor that senses light signals that modulate seed dormancy and germination. However, the components that directly transduce that signal downstream of phyB are mostly unknown. Here, we show that the transposase-derived transcription factor FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) inhibits seed dormancy and promotes phyB-mediated seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. FHY3 physically interacts with phyB in vitro and in vivo. RNA-sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that FHY3 regulates multiple downstream genes, including REVEILLE2 (RVE2), RVE7, and SPATULA (SPT). Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoresis mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that FHY3 directly binds these genes via a conserved FBS cis-element in their promoters. Furthermore, RVE2, RVE7, and GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE 2 (GA3ox2) genetically act downstream of FHY3. Strikingly, light and phyB promote FHY3 protein accumulation. Our study reveals a transcriptional cascade consisting of phyB-FHY3-RVE2/RVE7/SPT-GA3ox2 that relays environmental light signals and thereby controls seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Author for communication:
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Meyer P, Van de Poel B, De Coninck B. UV-B light and its application potential to reduce disease and pest incidence in crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:194. [PMID: 34465753 PMCID: PMC8408258 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B radiation (280-315 nm), perceived by the plant photoreceptor UVR8, is a key environmental signal that influences plant growth and development and can reduce disease and pest incidence. The positive effect of UV-B on disease resistance and incidence in various plant species supports the implementation of supplemental UV-B radiation in sustainable crop production. However, despite many studies focusing on UV-B light, there is no consensus on the best mode of application. This review aims to analyze, evaluate, and organize the different application strategies of UV-B radiation in crop production with a focus on disease resistance. We summarize the physiological effects of UV-B light on plants and discuss how plants perceive and transduce UV-B light by the UVR8 photoreceptor as well as how this perception alters plant specialized metabolite production. Next, we bring together conclusions of various studies with respect to different UV-B application methods to improve plant resistance. In general, supplemental UV-B light has a positive effect on disease resistance in many plant-pathogen combinations, mainly through the induction of the production of specialized metabolites. However, many variables (UV-B light source, plant species, dose and intensity, timing during the day, duration, background light, etc.) make it difficult to compare and draw general conclusions. We compiled the information of recent studies on UV-B light applications, including e.g., details on the UV-B light source, experimental set-up, calculated UV-B light dose, intensity, and duration. This review provides practical insights and facilitates future research on UV-B radiation as a promising tool to reduce disease and pest incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Meyer
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Coninck
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Rai N, Morales LO, Aphalo PJ. Perception of solar UV radiation by plants: photoreceptors and mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1382-1396. [PMID: 33826733 PMCID: PMC8260113 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
About 95% of the ultraviolet (UV) photons reaching the Earth's surface are UV-A (315-400 nm) photons. Plant responses to UV-A radiation have been less frequently studied than those to UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation. Most previous studies on UV-A radiation have used an unrealistic balance between UV-A, UV-B, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Consequently, results from these studies are difficult to interpret from an ecological perspective, leaving an important gap in our understanding of the perception of solar UV radiation by plants. Previously, it was assumed UV-A/blue photoreceptors, cryptochromes and phototropins mediated photomorphogenic responses to UV-A radiation and "UV-B photoreceptor" UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) to UV-B radiation. However, our understanding of how UV-A radiation is perceived by plants has recently improved. Experiments using a realistic balance between UV-B, UV-A, and PAR have demonstrated that UVR8 can play a major role in the perception of both UV-B and short-wavelength UV-A (UV-Asw, 315 to ∼350 nm) radiation. These experiments also showed that UVR8 and cryptochromes jointly regulate gene expression through interactions that alter the relative sensitivity to UV-B, UV-A, and blue wavelengths. Negative feedback loops on the action of these photoreceptors can arise from gene expression, signaling crosstalk, and absorption of UV photons by phenolic metabolites. These interactions explain why exposure to blue light modulates photomorphogenic responses to UV-B and UV-Asw radiation. Future studies will need to distinguish between short and long wavelengths of UV-A radiation and to consider UVR8's role as a UV-B/UV-Asw photoreceptor in sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Author for communication: . Present address: Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Orlando Morales
- School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center-Biology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro José Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Xu J, Nie S, Xu CQ, Liu H, Jia KH, Zhou SS, Zhao W, Zhou XQ, El-Kassaby YA, Wang XR, Porth I, Mao JF. UV-B-induced molecular mechanisms of stress physiology responses in the major northern Chinese conifer Pinus tabuliformis Carr. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1247-1263. [PMID: 33416074 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During their lifetimes, plants are exposed to different abiotic stress factors eliciting various physiological responses and triggering important defense processes. For UV-B radiation responses in forest trees, the genetics and molecular regulation remain to be elucidated. Here, we exposed Pinus tabuliformis Carr., a major conifer from northern China, to short-term high-intensity UV-B and employed a systems biology approach to characterize the early physiological processes and the hierarchical gene regulation, which revealed a temporal transition from primary to secondary metabolism, the buildup of enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress-signaling activation. Our findings showed that photosynthesis and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments were inhibited, while flavonoids and their related derivates biosynthesis, as well as glutathione and glutathione S-transferase mediated antioxidant processes, were enhanced. Likewise, stress-related phytohormones (jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene), kinase and reactive oxygen species signal transduction pathways were activated. Biological processes regulated by auxin and karrikin were, for the first time, found to be involved in plant defense against UV-B by promoting the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the improvement of antioxidant capacity in our research system. Our work evaluated the physiological and transcriptome perturbations in a conifer's response to UV-B, and generally, highlighted the necessity of a systems biology approach in addressing plant stress biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai Nie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xian-Qing Zhou
- Qigou State-owned Forest Farm, Qigou Village, Qigou Town, Pingquan County, Chengde City, Hebei Province, 067509, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ilga Porth
- Départment des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et Géomatique, Université Laval Québec, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, China
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29
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Podolec R, Demarsy E, Ulm R. Perception and Signaling of Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:793-822. [PMID: 33636992 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-095946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an intrinsic fraction of sunlight that plants perceive through the UVR8 photoreceptor. UVR8 is a homodimer in its ground state that monomerizes upon UV-B photon absorption via distinct tryptophan residues. Monomeric UVR8 competitively binds to the substrate binding site of COP1, thus inhibiting its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity against target proteins, which include transcriptional regulators such as HY5. The UVR8-COP1 interaction also leads to the destabilization of PIF bHLH factor family members. Additionally, UVR8 directly interacts with and inhibits the DNA binding of a different set of transcription factors. Each of these UVR8 signaling mechanisms initiates nuclear gene expression changes leading to UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and acclimation. The two WD40-repeat proteins RUP1 and RUP2 provide negative feedback regulation and inactivate UVR8 by facilitating redimerization. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of the UVR8 pathway from UV-B perception and signal transduction to gene expression changes and physiological UV-B responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Podolec
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Demarsy
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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He ZD, Tao ML, Leung DWM, Yan XY, Chen L, Peng XX, Liu EE. The rice germin-like protein OsGLP1 participates in acclimation to UV-B radiation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1254-1268. [PMID: 33713137 PMCID: PMC8195522 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) stress can have serious effects on the growth and development of plants. Germin-like proteins (GLPs) may be involved in different abiotic and biotic stress responses in different plants, but little is known about the role of GLPs in UV-B stress response and acclimation in plants. In the present study, knockout of GLP 8-14 (OsGLP1) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in mutant rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants (herein called glp1) that exhibited UV-B-dependent formation of lesion mimic in leaves. Moreover, glp1 grown under solar radiation (including UV-B) showed decreased plant height and increased leaf angle, but we observed no significant differences in phenotypes between wild-type (WT) plants and glp1 grown under artificial light lacking UV-B. Fv/Fm, Y (II) and the expression of many genes, based on RNA-seq analysis, related to photosynthesis were also only reduced in glp1, but not in WT, after transfer from a growth cabinet illuminated with artificial white light lacking UV-B to growth under natural sunlight. The genes-associated with flavonoid metabolism as well as UV resistance locus 8 (OsUVR8), phytochrome interacting factor-like 15-like (OsPIF3), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit PDX1.2 (OsPDX1.2), deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase (OsPHR), and deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase family protein-like (OsPHRL) exhibited lower expression levels, while higher expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 5-like (OsMPK3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-like (OsMPK13), and transcription factor MYB4-like (OsMYB4) were observed in glp1 than in WT after transfer from a growth cabinet illuminated with artificial white light to growth under natural sunlight. Therefore, mutations in OsGLP1 resulted in rice plants more sensitive to UV-B and reduced expression of some genes for UV-B protection, suggesting that OsGLP1 is involved in acclimation to UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan He
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mi-Lin Tao
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - David W. M Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Xiao-Yu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Peng
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - E.-E Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Author for communication:
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31
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Singh RK, Bhalerao RP, Eriksson ME. Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:657-678. [PMID: 32470114 PMCID: PMC8033248 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trees cover vast areas of the Earth's landmasses. They mitigate erosion, capture carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and support biodiversity, and also are a source of food, raw materials and energy for human populations. Understanding the growth cycles of trees is fundamental for many areas of research. Trees, like most other organisms, have evolved a circadian clock to synchronize their growth and development with the daily and seasonal cycles of the environment. These regular changes in light, daylength and temperature are perceived via a range of dedicated receptors and cause resetting of the circadian clock to local time. This allows anticipation of daily and seasonal fluctuations and enables trees to co-ordinate their metabolism and physiology to ensure vital processes occur at the optimal times. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of growth and seasonal dormancy in trees, using information drawn from model systems such as Populus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
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32
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Lin N, Liu X, Zhu W, Cheng X, Wang X, Wan X, Liu L. Ambient Ultraviolet B Signal Modulates Tea Flavor Characteristics via Shifting a Metabolic Flux in Flavonoid Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3401-3414. [PMID: 33719437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tea leaves contain an extraordinarily high level of flavonoids that contribute to tea health benefits and flavor characteristics, but the regulatory mechanism of ambient ultraviolet B (UV-B) on tea flavonoid enrichment remains unclear. Here, we report that ambient UV-B modulates tea quality by inducing a metabolic flux in flavonoid biosynthesis. UV-B absence decreased bitter- and astringent-tasting flavonol glycosides (kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin-7-O-glucoside) but increased non-galloylated catechins. Conversely, supplementary UV-B increased flavonols and decreased catechins in tea leaves. These responses were achieved via CsHY5, which mediates the UV-B-induced MYB12 activation and binds to the promoters of flavonoid biosynthetic genes (CsFLS, CsLARa, and CsDFRa), leading to flavonoid changes. Transcriptomic data indicated that UV-B-induced tea flavonoid regulation is responsive to multiple biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. These findings improve our understanding of light-regulated tea astringency and bitterness underlying shading effects and seasonal light changes and provide novel insights into tea cultivation management and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
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Yoon HI, Kim HY, Kim J, Oh MM, Son JE. Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception in 3D Plant Structures and Intraindividual Distribution of Phenolic Contents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2701. [PMID: 33800078 PMCID: PMC7962183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) acts as a regulatory stimulus, inducing the dose-dependent biosynthesis of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids at the leaf level. However, the heterogeneity of biosynthesis activation generated within a whole plant is not fully understood until now and cannot be interpreted without quantification of UV-B radiation interception. In this study, we analyzed the spatial UV-B radiation interception of kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala) grown under supplemental UV-B LED using ray-tracing simulation with 3-dimension-scanned models and leaf optical properties. The UV-B-induced phenolic compounds and flavonoids accumulated more, with higher UV-B interception and younger leaves. To distinguish the effects of UV-B energy and leaf developmental age, the contents were regressed separately and simultaneously. The effect of intercepted UV-B on flavonoid content was 4.9-fold that of leaf age, but the effects on phenolic compound biosynthesis were similar. This study confirmed the feasibility and relevance of UV-B radiation interception analysis and paves the way to explore the physical and physiological base determining the intraindividual distribution of phenolic compound in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.I.Y.); (H.Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.I.Y.); (H.Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.I.Y.); (H.Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Myung-Min Oh
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.I.Y.); (H.Y.K.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Iqbal Z, Iqbal MS, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Ansari MI. Plant Defense Responses to Biotic Stress and Its Interplay With Fluctuating Dark/Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631810. [PMID: 33763093 PMCID: PMC7982811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in attaining full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. One such environmental condition is the recurrent attack on plants by herbivores and microbial pathogens. To surmount such attacks, plants have developed a complex array of defense mechanisms. The defense mechanism can be either preformed, where toxic secondary metabolites are stored; or can be inducible, where defense is activated upon detection of an attack. Plants sense biotic stress conditions, activate the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, and eventually generate an appropriate response. Plant defense against pathogen attack is well understood, but the interplay and impact of different signals to generate defense responses against biotic stress still remain elusive. The impact of light and dark signals on biotic stress response is one such area to comprehend. Light and dark alterations not only regulate defense mechanisms impacting plant development and biochemistry but also bestow resistance against invading pathogens. The interaction between plant defense and dark/light environment activates a signaling cascade. This signaling cascade acts as a connecting link between perception of biotic stress, dark/light environment, and generation of an appropriate physiological or biochemical response. The present review highlights molecular responses arising from dark/light fluctuations vis-à-vis elicitation of defense mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Iqbal
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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LED Illumination Spectrum Manipulation for Increasing the Yield of Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020344. [PMID: 33670392 PMCID: PMC7917910 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the LED illumination spectrum can enhance plant growth rate and development in grow tents. We report on the identification of the illumination spectrum required to significantly enhance the growth rate of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants in grow tent environments by controlling the LED wavebands illuminating the plants. Since the optimal illumination spectrum depends on the plant type, this work focuses on identifying the illumination spectrum that achieves significant basil biomass improvement compared to improvements reported in prior studies. To be able to optimize the illumination spectrum, several steps must be achieved, namely, understanding plant biology, conducting several trial-and-error experiments, iteratively refining experimental conditions, and undertaking accurate statistical analyses. In this study, basil plants are grown in three grow tents with three LED illumination treatments, namely, only white LED illumination (denoted W*), the combination of red (R) and blue (B) LED illumination (denoted BR*) (relative red (R) and blue (B) intensities are 84% and 16%, respectively) and a combination of red (R), blue (B) and far-red (F) LED illumination (denoted BRF*) (relative red (R), blue (B) and far-red (F) intensities are 79%, 11%, and 10%, respectively). The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was set at 155 µmol m−2 s−1 for all illumination treatments, and the photoperiod was 20 h per day. Experimental results show that a combination of blue (B), red (R), and far-red (F) LED illumination leads to a one-fold increase in the yield of a sweet basil plant in comparison with only white LED illumination (W*). On the other hand, the use of blue (B) and red (R) LED illumination results in a half-fold increase in plant yield. Understanding the effects of LED illumination spectrum on the growth of plant sweet basil plants through basic horticulture research enables farmers to significantly improve their production yield, thus food security and profitability.
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36
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A constitutively monomeric UVR8 photoreceptor confers enhanced UV-B photomorphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017284118. [PMID: 33542100 PMCID: PMC8017708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017284118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping with UV-B is crucial for plant survival in sunlight. The UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 regulates gene expression associated with photomorphogenesis, acclimation, and UV-B stress tolerance. UV-B photon reception by UVR8 homodimers results in monomerization, followed by interaction with the key signaling protein COP1. We have discovered a UV-B hypersensitive UVR8 photoreceptor that confers strongly enhanced UV-B tolerance and generated a UVR8 variant based on the underlying mutation that shows extremely enhanced constitutive signaling activity. Our findings provide key mechanistic insight into how plants respond and acclimate to UV-B radiation. The plant ultraviolet-B (UV-B) photoreceptor UVR8 plays an important role in UV-B acclimation and survival. UV-B absorption by homodimeric UVR8 induces its monomerization and interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1, leading ultimately to gene expression changes. UVR8 is inactivated through redimerization, facilitated by RUP1 and RUP2. Here, we describe a semidominant, hyperactive allele, namely uvr8-17D, that harbors a glycine-101 to serine mutation. UVR8G101S overexpression led to weak constitutive photomorphogenesis and extreme UV-B responsiveness. UVR8G101S was observed to be predominantly monomeric in vivo and, once activated by UV-B, was not efficiently inactivated. Analysis of a UVR8 crystal structure containing the G101S mutation revealed the distortion of a loop region normally involved in stabilization of the UVR8 homodimer. Plants expressing a UVR8 variant combining G101S with the previously described W285A mutation exhibited robust constitutive photomorphogenesis. This work provides further insight into UVR8 activation and inactivation mechanisms and describes a genetic tool for the manipulation of photomorphogenic responses.
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Wang J, Yan X, Chen H, Feng J, Han R. Enhanced UV-B radiation affects AUR1 regulation of mitotic spindle morphology leading to aberrant mitosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:160-170. [PMID: 33370689 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced UV-B radiation can lead to a variety of stress responses, including effects on cell cycle regulation and mitosis. Aurora kinases are part of the serine/threonine kinase family and play important roles in cell cycle regulation and mitosis. We hypothesize that there may be a connection between these two processes. In this study, the dynamics of chromosomal (H2B-YFP) and AUR1-GFP changes after enhanced UV-B radiation were observed using confocal microscopy, and gene and protein expression patterns under UV-B stress were quantified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting techniques. We analyzed the responses of the AUR1 overexpression to UV-B stress. We measured maximum quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ as a proxy for UV-B stress. The recovery capacity of AUR1 overexpression strains was analyzed. In our research, we observed that enhanced UV-B radiation affects the subcellular positioning of AUR1, resulting in abnormalities in the positioning and location of the spindle at the poles, which ultimately affects the separation of chromosomes, resulting in "partition-bundle division" and the incorrect direction of division. At the same time, our results also indicated that low-dose UV-B can induce the expression of AUR1, and this overexpression of AUR1 can alleviate the damage caused by UV-B radiation. In summary, the results of our study show that enhanced UV-B radiation can change the activity and expression of AUR1, which is one of the causes of abnormal chromosome segregation. AUR1 participates in the response to UV-B stress, and, to a certain extent, can improve the UV-B tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huize Chen
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinlin Feng
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Han
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
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Yang G, Liu X, Lin L. Detection of UVR8 Homodimers and Monomers by Immunoblotting Analysis in Tomato. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2297:83-93. [PMID: 33656672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1370-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) is a photoreceptor mediating photomorphogenic responses to UV-B. UVR8 exists as homodimer in plants and UV-B induces dissociation of dimeric UVR8 into monomers to initiate responses. The monomer/dimer status of UVR8 is reversible and a dynamic photo-equilibrium is established in plants according to the ambient light conditions. Here we describe a method to detect UVR8 homodimer and monomer by immunoblotting method from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. The feature of this method is that protein samples are not boiled prior to loading on an SDS-PAGE gel, which allows the detection of UVR8 homodimer and monomers simultaneously with a single antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Yao JW, Ma Z, Ma YQ, Zhu Y, Lei MQ, Hao CY, Chen LY, Xu ZQ, Huang X. Role of melatonin in UV-B signaling pathway and UV-B stress resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:114-129. [PMID: 32860452 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in plant defences against a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, including UV-B stress. Molecular mechanisms underlying functions of melatonin in plant UV-B responses are poorly understood. Here, we show that melatonin effect on molecular signalling pathways, physiological changes and UV-B stress resistance in Arabidopsis. Both exogenous and endogenous melatonin affected expression of UV-B signal transduction pathway genes. Experiments using UV-B signalling component mutants cop1-4 and hy5-215 revealed that melatonin not only acts as an antioxidant to promote UV-B stress resistance, but also regulates expression of several key components of UV-B signalling pathway, including ubiquitin-degrading enzyme (COP1), transcription factors (HY5, HYH) and RUP1/2. Our findings indicate that melatonin delays and subsequently enhances expression of COP1, HY5, HYH and RUP1/2, which act as central effectors in UV-B signalling pathway, thus regulating their effects on antioxidant systems to protect the plant from UV-B stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Yao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Qin Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Qi Lei
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Hao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Yu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qin Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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40
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Loi M, Villani A, Paciolla F, Mulè G, Paciolla C. Challenges and Opportunities of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) as Key to Modulate Antioxidant Compounds in Plants. A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010042. [PMID: 33396461 PMCID: PMC7824119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant antioxidants are important compounds involved in plant defense, signaling, growth, and development. The quantity and quality of such compounds is genetically driven; nonetheless, light is one of the factors that strongly influence their synthesis and accumulation in plant tissues. Indeed, light quality affects the fitness of the plant, modulating its antioxidative profile, a key element to counteract the biotic and abiotic stresses. With this regard, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are emerging as a powerful technology which allows the selection of specific wavelengths and intensities, and therefore the targeted accumulation of plant antioxidant compounds. Despite the unique advantages of such technology, LED application in the horticultural field is still at its early days and several aspects still need to be investigated. This review focused on the most recent outcomes of LED application to modulate the antioxidant compounds of plants, with particular regard to vitamin C, phenols, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. Additionally, future challenges and opportunities in the use of LED technology in the growth and postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables were also addressed to give a comprehensive overview of the future applications and trends of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Loi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Villani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paciolla
- Automation Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Paciolla
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Saini P, Bhatia S, Mahajan M, Kaushik A, Sahu SK, Kumar A, Satbhai SB, Patel MK, Saxena S, Chaurasia OP, Lingwan M, Masakapalli SK, Yadav RK. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 Negatively Regulates DECREASE WAX BIOSYNTHESIS to Increase Survival during UV-B Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:2091-2106. [PMID: 33087416 PMCID: PMC7723109 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the distinct cell types of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) withstand ultraviolet radiation (UVR) stress can improve cultivation of plants in high-UVR environments. Here, we show that UV-B irradiation selectively kills epidermal and niche cells in the shoot apex. Plants harboring a mutation in DECREASE WAX BIOSYNTHESIS (DEWAX) are tolerant to UV-B. Our data show that DEWAX negatively regulates genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) binds to the DEWAX promoter elements and represses its expression to promote the anthocyanin biosynthesis. The HY5-DEWAX regulatory network regulates anthocyanin content in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and influences the survivability of plants under UV-B irradiation stress. Our cell sorting-based study of the epidermal cell layer transcriptome confirms that core UV-B stress signaling pathway genes are conserved and upregulated in response to UV-B irradiation of the SAM. Furthermore, we show that UV-B induces genes involved in shoot development and organ patterning. We propose that the HY5-DEWAX regulatory relationship is conserved; however, changes in the expression levels of these genes can determine anthocyanin content in planta and, hence, fitness under UV-B irradiation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shivani Bhatia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Monika Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anshul Kaushik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sangram Keshari Sahu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Asis Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Patel
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Leh, Ladakh 901205, India
| | - Shweta Saxena
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Leh, Ladakh 901205, India
| | | | - Maneesh Lingwan
- BioX centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175075, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- BioX centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175075, India
| | - Ram Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Liang T, Shi C, Peng Y, Tan H, Xin P, Yang Y, Wang F, Li X, Chu J, Huang J, Yin Y, Liu H. Brassinosteroid-Activated BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 Inhibits Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Coordinates Growth and UV-B Stress Responses in Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3224-3239. [PMID: 32796123 PMCID: PMC7534464 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UV-B light is a potential stress factor in plants, but how plants coordinate growth and UV-B stress responses is not well understood. Here, we report that brassinosteroid (BR) signaling inhibits UV-B stress responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and various crops by controlling flavonol biosynthesis. We further demonstrate that BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) mediates the tradeoff between plant growth and UV-B defense responses. BES1, a master transcription factor involved in BR signaling, represses the expression of transcription factor genes MYB11, MYB12, and MYB111, which activate flavonol biosynthesis. BES1 directly binds to the promoters of these MYBs in a BR-enhanced manner to repress their expression, thereby reducing flavonol accumulation. However, exposure to broadband UV-B down-regulates BES1 expression, thus promoting flavonol accumulation. These findings demonstrate that BR-activated BES1 not only promotes growth but also inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis. UV-B stress suppresses the expression of BES1 to allocate energy to flavonoid biosynthesis and UV-B stress responses, allowing plants to switch from growth to UV-B stress responses in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirong Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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43
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Fedenia L, Klein RR, Dykes L, Rooney WL, Klein PE. Phenotypic, Phytochemical, and Transcriptomic Analysis of Black Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. ) Pericarp in Response to Light Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9917-9929. [PMID: 32822185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is characterized by the black appearance of the pericarp and production of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DOA), which are valued for their cytotoxicity to cancer cells and as natural food colorants and antioxidant additives. The black pericarp phenotype is not fully penetrant in all environments, which implicates the light spectrum and/or photoperiod as the critical factor for trait expression. In this study, black- or red-pericarp genotypes were grown under regimes of visible light, visible light supplemented with UVA or supplemented with UVA plus UVB (or dark control). Pericarp 3-DOAs and pericarp pigmentation were maximized in the black genotype exposed to a light regime supplemented with UVB. Changes in gene expression during black pericarp development revealed that ultraviolet light activates genes related to plant defense, reactive oxygen species, and secondary metabolism, suggesting that 3-DOA accumulation is associated with activation of flavonoid biosynthesis and several overlapping defense and stress signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fedenia
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2133 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Robert R Klein
- USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Linda Dykes
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - William L Rooney
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2474 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Patricia E Klein
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2133 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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44
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Duarte‐Sierra A, Tiznado‐Hernández ME, Jha DK, Janmeja N, Arul J. Abiotic stress hormesis: An approach to maintain quality, extend storability, and enhance phytochemicals on fresh produce during postharvest. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3659-3682. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Duarte‐Sierra
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Martin Ernesto Tiznado‐Hernández
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas Hermosillo Sonora Mexico
| | - Deepak Kumar Jha
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Navina Janmeja
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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45
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Schumacher J, Gorbushina AA. Light sensing in plant- and rock-associated black fungi. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:407-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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46
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Yoon HI, Kim D, Son JE. Spatial and Temporal Bioactive Compound Contents and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Kale (Brassica oleracea L.) Under UV-B Exposure Near Harvest Time in Controlled Environments. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:845-852. [PMID: 32104924 DOI: 10.1111/php.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UV-B irradiation has been used to enhance the secondary metabolite content in plants, but its spatial effect on plants has not been considered. The objective of this study was to compare spatial photosynthetic traits and bioactive compound accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var Acephala) according to the distribution and length of UV-B exposure near harvest. Plants were exposed to UV-B of 0-3, 3-6 and 6-9 W m-2 for 4 h per day at 5 days (Exp. 1) and 4.2 W m-2 at 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 days (Exp. 2) before harvest. In spatial distribution, the higher the UV-B intensity, the lower the mean Fv /Fm (maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII) and the higher the concentration of total flavonoid compound (TFC). With UV-B stress, Fv /Fm and fluorescence transient parameters decreased except for DI0 /CS (dissipated energy flux per cross section) and PIabs (performance index of PSII). When exposed to UV-B radiation for 2 days before harvest, the total phenolic compounds and TFC per plant were highest, not always proportional to the local Fv /Fm but affected by dry weight. Short-term UV-B stress near harvest would be more efficient for the accumulation of bioactive compounds by minimizing the loss of plant weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Yoon
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Damin Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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47
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Cryptochrome-mediated blue-light signalling modulates UVR8 photoreceptor activity and contributes to UV-B tolerance in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1323. [PMID: 32165634 PMCID: PMC7067804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-B constitutes a critical part of the sunlight reaching the earth surface. The homodimeric plant UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) monomerizes in response to UV-B and induces photomorphogenic responses, including UV-B acclimation and tolerance. REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (RUP1) and RUP2 are negative feedback regulators that operate by facilitating UVR8 ground state reversion through re-dimerization. Here we show that RUP1 and RUP2 are transcriptionally induced by cryptochrome photoreceptors in response to blue light, which is dependent on the bZIP transcriptional regulator ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Elevated RUP1 and RUP2 levels under blue light enhance UVR8 re-dimerization, thereby negatively regulating UVR8 signalling and providing photoreceptor pathway cross-regulation in a polychromatic light environment, as is the case in nature. We further show that cryptochrome 1, as well as the red-light photoreceptor phytochrome B, contribute to UV-B tolerance redundantly with UVR8. Thus, photoreceptors for both visible light and UV-B regulate UV-B tolerance through an intricate interplay allowing the integration of diverse sunlight signals. The Arabidopsis UVR8 photoreceptor is a dimer that monomerizes in response to UV-B. Here the authors show that cryptochromes contribute to UV tolerance and facilitate UVR8 redimerization via induction of RUP proteins in response to blue light, modifying UV-B signalling in polychromatic light environments.
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48
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Tavridou E, Pireyre M, Ulm R. Degradation of the transcription factors PIF4 and PIF5 under UV-B promotes UVR8-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:507-517. [PMID: 31571300 PMCID: PMC7027837 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of hypocotyl growth is a well-established UV-B-induced photomorphogenic response that is mediated by the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). However, the molecular mechanism by which UVR8 signaling triggers inhibition of hypocotyl growth is poorly understood. The bZIP protein ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) functions as the main positive regulatory transcription factor in the UVR8 signaling pathway, with HY5-HOMOLOG (HYH) playing a minor role. However, here we demonstrate that hy5 hyh double mutants maintain significant UVR8-dependent hypocotyl growth inhibition. We identify UVR8-dependent inhibition of the activities of bHLH transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PIF5 as part of the UVR8 signaling pathway, which results in inhibition of hypocotyl growth. The UVR8-mediated repression of several hypocotyl elongation-related genes is independent of HY5 and HYH but largely associated with UVR8-dependent degradation of PIF4 and PIF5, a process that consequently diminishes PIF4/5 target promoter occupancy. Taken together, our data indicate that UVR8-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl growth involves degradation of PIF4 and PIF5. These findings contribute to our mechanistic understanding of UVR8-induced photomorphogenesis and further support the function of PIFs as integrators of different photoreceptor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tavridou
- Department of Botany and Plant BiologySection of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Marie Pireyre
- Department of Botany and Plant BiologySection of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant BiologySection of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3)University of GenevaCH-1211Geneva 4Switzerland
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49
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Garmash EV, Velegzhaninov IO, Ermolina KV, Rybak AV, Malyshev RV. Altered levels of AOX1a expression result in changes in metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana plants acclimated to low dose rates of ultraviolet B radiation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110332. [PMID: 31928662 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UV-B is a damaging component of solar radiation that inevitably reaches the Earth's surface. Plants have developed response mechanisms to adapt to UVB exposure. The alternative oxidase (AOX) catalyzes the ATP-uncoupling cyanide-resistant alternative pathway (AP) in plant mitochondria and is thought to be an important part of the cellular defense network under stress conditions. This study aimed to unravel the poorly understood functional significance of AOX1a induction in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves exposed to ecologically relevant doses of UVB radiation, by comparing wild-type (WT) plants with plants with modified expression of the AOX1a gene, either downregulated by antisense (AS-12) or overexpressed (XX-2). UVB exposure resulted in a phenotypic difference between lines. AOX1a overexpression resulted in the highest induction of AOX1A synthesis and MnSOD activity, and the lowest ROS level without pronounced changes in the phenotype relative to other genotypes. In AS-12 plants, expression of the majority of the genes encoding AOX was detected, other non-phosphorylating pathway components and antioxidant enzymes increased along with anthocyanin accumulation in leaves, and the ROS content was lower than in the WT. In addition to the expected AOX1 protein size (34 kDa), an AOX1 30 kDa band appeared under UVB exposure in all genotypes. However, in AS-12, the alterations in the transcript level and in the abundance of AOX1 protein isoforms induced by UVB could not fully functionally compensate for the lack of AOX1A. This was confirmed by the observed low AP capacity and increased levels of the oxidized form of ascorbate. These results highlight the importance of AOX in plant response to UVB for the control of a balanced metabolism, and indicate that AOX1a plays a key role in the regulation of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Garmash
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
| | - Ilya O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Ksenia V Ermolina
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Anna V Rybak
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Ruslan V Malyshev
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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50
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Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Putative Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation and Coloration in White and Pink Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Flower. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010190. [PMID: 31906542 PMCID: PMC6983220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A variant of tea tree (Camellia sinensis (L.)) with purple buds and leaves and pink flowers can be used as a unique ornamental plant. However, the mechanism of flower coloration remains unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of coloration, as well as anthocyanin accumulation in white and pink tea flowers, metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing was analyzed in various tea flower developmental stages. Results of metabolomics analysis revealed that three specific anthocyanin substances could be identified, i.e., cyanidin O-syringic acid, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-O-β-d-glucoside, which only accumulated in pink tea flowers, and were not able to be detected in white flowers. RNA-seq and weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed eight highly expressed structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and particularly, different expression patterns of flavonol synthase and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes were observed. We deduced that the disequilibrium of expression levels in flavonol synthases and dihydroflavonol-4-reductases resulted in different levels of anthocyanin accumulation and coloration in white and pink tea flowers. Results of qRT-PCR performed for 9 key genes suggested that the expression profiles of differentially expressed genes were generally consistent with the results of high-throughput sequencing. These findings provide insight into anthocyanin accumulation and coloration mechanisms during tea flower development, which will contribute to the breeding of pink-flowered and anthocyanin-rich tea cultivars.
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