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Sasaki A, Sugimoto M, Tokaji N, Irahara M, Okamoto K, Uehara H, Kagami S. Efficacy of an elimination diet in a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis : a pediatric case with multiple food allergies. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2019; 66:201-204. [PMID: 31064942 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.66.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders are chronic inflammatory diseases in which eosinophils highly infiltrate into gastrointestinal tissue, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction. Here, we report a case of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE). A 7-year-old boy with multiple food allergies (cow milk, hen's egg, fish,shellfish, and chicken) was admitted to our hospital because of continuous abdominal pain and vomiting. His soy allergy had been diagnosed to have oral tolerance based on an oral food challenge at the age of 6 years. He was diagnosed with EGE based on biopsy findings showing eosinophilic infiltration ( 20 eosinophils per high-power field) into the gastrointestinal mucosa. A diet eliminating soy, wheat, beef, pork, rice, and sesame in addition to the food that had already been eliminated and oral corticosteroids improved his symptoms and peripheral eosinophilia. A relapse of both abdominal pain and peripheral eosinophilia after the reintroduction of soy or pork identified them as foods causative of EGE. This report highlights the utility of elimination diets in improving EGE symptoms and the subsequent reintroduction of offending foods in identifying causative foods. Furthermore,EGE onset should be considered when introducing potentially allergic food in the management of food allergy. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 201-204, February, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Sasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Narumi Tokaji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Irahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, TokushimaUniversity, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- Division of Pathology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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Nakajima-Adachi H, Ebihara A, Kikuchi A, Ishida T, Sasaki K, Hirano K, Watanabe H, Asai K, Takahashi Y, Kanamori Y, Shimojo N, Matsuda H, Kohno Y, Hachimura S, Kaminogawa S. Food antigen causes TH2-dependent enteropathy followed by tissue repair in T-cell receptor transgenic mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117:1125-32. [PMID: 16675342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clarification of the mechanisms underlying the development of food-sensitive intestinal inflammation will provide an important clue to combating food allergies. OBJECTIVE To establish a model of intestinal inflammation caused by oral administration of antigen without additional treatments, we focused on the ovalbumin (OVA) 23-3 T-cell receptor transgenic mouse, which had been reported to have high serum antigen-specific IgE responses to the feeding of an egg white diet. METHODS Changes in body weight of mice fed an egg white diet were monitored throughout the 28-day experimental period. After the 28-day feeding, intestinal tissues were harvested for histologic examination. Endogenous production of cytokines and histamine in the jejunum, and production of cytokines secreted by OVA-specific CD4+ T cells purified from mesenteric lymph nodes, were analyzed. RESULTS Egg white diet-fed OVA23-3 mice developed weight loss and inflammation with villous atrophy and goblet cell hyperplasia, especially in the jejunum. A further characteristic feature was evidence of weight recovery and tissue repair. Jejunal inflammation was also observed in egg white diet-fed recombination activating gene (RAG)-2-deficient OVA23-3 mice. In addition, tissue sections revealed significant infiltration of specific IgE-positive cells and IgE-positive degranulating mast cells. Higher levels of IL-4 and significant levels of histamine were detected in the tissues. In the supernatant of OVA-stimulated T cells, IL-10 levels were also markedly elevated. CONCLUSION We report that high-dose and continuous intake of primitive OVA alone induces enteropathy containing regions under repair in OVA23-3 mice. Antigen-specific T cells and inflammatory cells primed by T(H)2 responses play important roles in regulation of development and improvement of the disease. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Long-term antigen intake causes T(H)2-dependent and food-sensitive enteropathy followed by tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Nakajima-Adachi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Japan.
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Lee JB, Matsumoto T, Shin YO, Yang HM, Min YK, Timothy O, Bae SJ, Quan FS. The role of RANTES in a murine model of food allergy. Immunol Invest 2004; 33:27-38. [PMID: 15015830 DOI: 10.1081/imm-120027682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is an important and common health issue, and there is a need to identify and characterize the sensitizing mechanisms. One of the common causes of food allergy is ovalbumin (OVA), a dietary antigen from eggs. We hypothesized that OVA-induced food allergy in the gut involves the activation of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), which then recruits eosinophils to lesioned tissue. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether RANTES expression correlates with eosinophil infiltration in the gut of OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice in response to oral OVA challenge. BALB/c mice were immunized with OVA 1 microg and sensitized after 2 weeks by intragastric administration of OVA. Sensitization to the oral OVA challenge was analyzed by examining eosinophil infiltration into the gut tissue (immunohistochemistry), mucosal eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration, and RANTES mRNA expression (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after the challenge. There was marked edema of the intestinal villi, and eosinophil infiltration to the lamina propria peaked at 6 h in OVA-sensitized mice. RANTES mRNA expression peaked at 3 h and 6 h and declined thereafter. The expression of RANTES mRNA in the allergic mice was much higher than in the nonallergic, normal, or unsensitized control mice. Tissue eosinophilia and intestinal ECP levels were significantly correlated with the RANTES mRNA level. We conclude that RANTES may play a central role in the pathogenesis of food-mediated gastrointestinal allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Beom Lee
- The 2nd Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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Ogawa T, Miura S, Tsuzuki Y, Ogino T, Teramoto K, Inamura T, Watanabe C, Hokari R, Nagata H, Ishii H. Chronic allergy to dietary ovalbumin induces lymphocyte migration to rat small intestinal mucosa that is inhibited by MAdCAM-1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 286:G702-10. [PMID: 14670821 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Few models have described a chronic food allergy with morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa. Here we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced, cell-mediated, allergic rat model and examined lymphocyte migration in the gut. Brown Norway rats were intraperitoneally sensitized to OVA and then given 10 mg OVA/day by gastric intubation for 6 wk. Lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules were examined immunohistochemically, and the migration of T lymphocytes to microvessels of Peyer's patches and villus mucosa was observed by using an intravital microscope. Serum OVA-specific IgG and IgE levels were increased in animals repeatedly exposed to OVA. Significant villus atrophy and increased crypt depth was accompanied by increased infiltration of T lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa of the group given OVA. Expression of rat mast cell protease II and of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) was also increased in these groups. The administration of anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody significantly attenuated the OVA-induced changes in the mucosal architecture and in CD4 T lymphocyte infiltration. Intravital observation demonstrated that in rats with a chronic allergy, T lymphocytes significantly accumulated in villus microvessels as well as in Peyer's patches via a MAdCAM-1-dependent process. Our model of chronic food allergy revealed that lymphocyte migration was increased with MAdCAM-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Ogawa
- School of Medicine, Keio Univ., 35 Shinanomichi, Shijuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Veres G, Westerholm-Ormio M, Kokkonen J, Arato A, Savilahti E. Cytokines and adhesion molecules in duodenal mucosa of children with delayed-type food allergy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 37:27-34. [PMID: 12827002 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200307000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and activation and proliferation markers in duodenal biopsies from children with delayed-type food allergy (FA). METHODS Seven children with untreated FA (uFA), seven children with treated FA (tFA) to cow milk and/or cereals, and five normal controls furnished duodenal biopsy specimens. Additionally, five pediatric patients with celiac disease were included, serving exclusively as positive controls for in situ hybridization. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), adhesion molecules, and activation markers were detected by immunohistochemistry, and expression of IFN-gamma and IL-4 messenger RNA was revealed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS uFA patients had a higher density of IFN-gamma positive cells in the lamina propria than did tFA patients and controls (P = 0.053 and P = 0.018). Moreover, the uFA patients exhibited a higher proportion of crypt cells in mitosis than did tFA patients (P = 0.026), and stronger staining of HLA-DR in the crypts and increased density of gammadelta-T cell receptor-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes than did controls (P = 0.048 and P = 0.010). The densities of alpha(4)beta(7) positive cells in the lamina propria tended to be higher in controls than in uFA or tFA patients (P = 0.106, P = 0.073). Expression of IL-4 mRNA was significantly higher in celiac patients than in the other study groups (uFA P = 0.006, tFA P = 0.010; controls P = 0.029), and celiac patients showed higher expression of IFN-gamma mRNA than did tFA patients or controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS As expected, Th1 dominance was present in the lamina propria of children with delayed-type FA. It may cause activation of epithelial cells and increase their turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Veres
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Ohtsuka Y, Sanderson IR. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammation is enhanced by intestinal epithelial cell chemokine expression in mice. Pediatr Res 2003; 53:143-7. [PMID: 12508094 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200301000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induces an inflammatory bowel disease-like colitis in animals. To determine the contribution of epithelium to inflammation in the intestine, we examined the effects of DSS in transgenic mice that specifically secrete macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) from the intestinal epithelium. We first confirmed the production of MIP-2 from intestinal epithelial cells by Western blots in transgenic mice. MIP-2 transgenic mice were therefore an appropriate model to examine the role of epithelial cell chemokines in an inflammatory state induced by DSS. We then examined the neutrophil migration into the intestine and the effect of DSS on this migration by myeloperoxidase staining. There was an increase of myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils in the intestine from wild-type and transgenic mice after the DSS treatment. Furthermore, the increase of neutrophils under stimulation with DSS was confirmed quantitatively by measuring specific tissue myeloperoxidase activities. It was significantly greater in DSS-treated MIP-2 transgenic mice than in wild-type mice in both the small intestine and colon. These results suggest that the inflammatory effects of DSS on both small intestine and colon are enhanced by MIP-2 secreted by epithelial cells in the transgenic mice. In conclusion, intestinal epithelial cells can act in concert with other inflammatory stimuli in maintaining inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Ohtsuka
- Department of Adult and Paediatric Gastroenterology, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, U.K
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Lin XP, Magnusson J, Ahlstedt S, Dahlman-Höglund A, Hanson L LA, Magnusson O, Bengtsson U, Telemo E. Local allergic reaction in food-hypersensitive adults despite a lack of systemic food-specific IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109:879-87. [PMID: 11994715 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2002.123238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective tools are lacking for the diagnosis of local gastrointestinal inflammatory reactions in skin prick test (SPT)-negative and serum IgE antibody (s-IgE Ab)-negative patients with suspected food allergy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the presence of eosinophils, T cells, local IgE-bearing cells, IL-4, and IFN-gamma in small intestinal biopsy specimens from adult SPT-negative/s-IgE Ab-negative patients with food allergy during symptomatic and nonsymptomatic periods. METHODS Fourteen patients with food allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms confirmed by double-blinded, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) were investigated. Eleven of the patients were SPT-negative and s-IgE Ab-negative. Sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls. Duodenal biopsies were studied with immunostaining through use of a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for eosinophils, CD3, CD4, CD8, IgE, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. RESULTS Significant increases in numbers of MBP+ eosinophils, IgE-bearing cells, and T cells were found in the duodenal mucosa of the patients when they were symptomatic in comparison with when they were asymptomatic and in comparison with healthy controls. Numbers of IL-4+ cells were increased and numbers of IFN-gamma+ cells were reduced in the patients when they were symptomatic in comparison with when they were asymptomatic and in comparison with the controls. There were no differences in total s-IgE levels between any of the groups. CONCLUSION A significant correlation was found between the appearance of symptoms of food hypersensitivity and the duodenal presence of IgE-bearing cells, activated eosinophils, and T cells in patients with negative SPT results and negative s-IgE Ab to the offending food. We suggest that a localized IgE-mediated response caused the gastrointestinal symptoms seen in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ping Lin
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Suzuki R, Nakao A, Kanamaru Y, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ra C. Localization of intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes involves regulation of alphaEbeta7 expression by transforming growth factor-beta. Int Immunol 2002; 14:339-45. [PMID: 11934870 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/14.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of alphaEbeta7 expression on T cells by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is thought to be important for intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocyte (IEL) entry into the epithelial compartment. However, there has been no in vivo evidence that up-regulation of alphaEbeta7 expression on T cells by TGF-beta is critical for the selective localization of intestinal IEL in the epithelial area. We have recently established transgenic mice expressing Smad7 under the control of a distal lck promoter where TGF-beta/Smad signaling is specifically blocked in mature T cells. Here we showed that TGF-beta-mediated up-regulation of alphaEbeta7 was impaired on T cells isolated from the Smad7 transgenic mice associated with reduced numbers of intestinal IEL when compared with that in wild-type littermates. These results indicated that failure to induce alphaEbeta7 on T cells by TGF-beta resulted in reduced numbers of intestinal IEL, suggesting the importance of alphaEbeta7 expression by TGF-beta in selective localization of intestinal IEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuyo Suzuki
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Yang PC, Berin MC, Yu L, Perdue MH. Mucosal pathophysiology and inflammatory changes in the late phase of the intestinal allergic reaction in the rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:681-90. [PMID: 11159205 PMCID: PMC1850309 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little information exists concerning the late phase of the allergic reaction in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we characterized jejunal mucosal pathophysiology and inflammation after oral antigen challenge of sensitized rats, and examined the role of mast cells in events after challenge. Sprague-Dawley rats, mast cell-deficient (Ws/Ws), and +/+ control rats were sensitized to horseradish peroxidase, and challenged intragastrically with antigen 14 days later. Jejunal segments were obtained at 0.5 to 72 hours after challenge for functional assessment in Ussing chambers and for morphological assessment by light and electron microscopy. Intestine from sensitized Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated enhanced ion secretion and permeability at all times after challenge. Electron microscopy revealed abnormal mitochondria within enterocytes and disruption of the epithelial basement membrane associated with influx into the mucosa of mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells. Many inflammatory cells appeared activated. In contrast, antigen-challenged Ws/Ws rats demonstrated no functional changes or inflammatory cell infiltrate. We conclude that oral antigen challenge of sensitized rats induces sustained epithelial dysfunction. Mast cells mediate both epithelial pathophysiology and recruitment of additional inflammatory cells that may contribute to persistent pathophysiology and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Yang
- Intestinal Disease Research Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Das G, Gould DS, Augustine MM, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Stroynowski I, Van Kaer L, Schust DJ, Ploegh H, Janeway CA, Scitto E. Qa-2-dependent selection of CD8alpha/alpha T cell receptor alpha/beta(+) cells in murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1521-8. [PMID: 11085754 PMCID: PMC2193183 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.10.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) are made up of a heterogeneous mix of T cells with unique phenotypes. Whereas CD8(+) T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs use CD8alpha/beta and are selected on MHC class Ia molecules, a majority of iIELs use CD8alpha/alpha. Here, we report that the presence of CD8alpha/alpha TCR-alpha/beta cells in iIELs is independent of classical MHC class I molecules K(b) and D(b), as illustrated by their presence in K(b)/D(b) double-knockout mice and in mice lacking a nonclassical MHC class I molecule, CD1d. Most strikingly, their presence is decreased by approximately 70% in mice lacking transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). The TAP-dependent nonclassical MHC class I molecule Qa-2 is strongly implicated in the presence of these cells, as inferred from the low numbers of CD8alpha/alpha TCR-alpha/beta T cells in mice deficient in Qa-2 genes. Second, a Qa-2-transgenic mouse made in a Qa-2(-) strain showed an increase in the numbers of CD8alpha/alpha cells among its iIELs. Thus, the presence of CD8alpha/alpha TCR-alpha/beta cells in iIELs is mainly dependent on the nonclassical MHC class I molecule Qa-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Das
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8011, USA
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Park SH, Guy-Grand D, Lemonnier FA, Wang CR, Bendelac A, Jabri B. Selection and expansion of CD8alpha/alpha(1) T cell receptor alpha/beta(1) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in the absence of both classical major histocompatibility complex class I and nonclassical CD1 molecules. J Exp Med 1999; 190:885-90. [PMID: 10499927 PMCID: PMC2195634 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.6.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/1999] [Accepted: 07/13/1999] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in mice include two main subsets of TCR-alpha/beta(1) cells which differ functionally and ontogenically from each other. One expresses the CD8alpha/alpha homodimer, whereas the other expresses the CD8alpha/beta heterodimer. Although the presence of all CD8(+)TCR-alpha/beta(1) IELs is dependent on beta2-microglobulin molecules, the nature of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules recognized by the CD8alpha/alpha and the CD8alpha/beta(1) subsets has remained elusive. Using mutant mice lacking the expression of both H2-K(b) and H2-D(b), we show that the CD8alpha/beta(1)TCR-alpha/beta(1) subset is dependent on K or D molecules, whereas the CD8alpha/alpha(1)TCR-alpha/beta(1) subset is independent of classical MHC class I molecules. Furthermore, the CD8alpha/alpha(1) cells are conserved in mice lacking expression of CD1, a nonclassical MHC class I-like molecule previously proposed to be a potential ligand for IELs. Using transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient mice, this cell population can be further separated into a TAP-dependent and a TAP-independent subset, suggesting either the recognition of two nonclassical MHC-like molecules, only one of which is TAP dependent, or the involvement of a single nonclassical MHC-like molecule that is only partially TAP dependent. These findings demonstrate that CD8alpha/beta(1)TCR-alpha/beta(1) IELs are restricted by H-2K and H-2D molecules, whereas the unusual subset of CD8alpha/alpha(1)TCR-alpha/beta(1) resident IELs recognize nonclassical MHC class I-like molecules that are distinct from CD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | | | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, Gwenn Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunological Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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Kaminogawa S, Hachimura S, Nakajima-Adachi H, Totsuka M. Food allergens and mucosal immune systems with special reference to recognition of food allergens by gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Allergol Int 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.1999.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ohtsuka Y, Suzuki R, Nagata S, Oguchi S, Shimizu T, Yamashiro Y, Okumura K, Ra C. Chronic oral antigen exposure induces lymphocyte migration in anaphylactic mouse intestine. Pediatr Res 1998; 44:791-7. [PMID: 9803464 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199811000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration are symptoms often seen in patients suffering from food allergy after chronic antigen exposure; however, the precise mechanisms involved have not been well defined. In an effort to clarify the mechanisms of the chronic intestinal changes attributable to genuine IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions induced by orally administered antigen, a mouse model was established by s.c. implantation of a murine hybridoma capable of producing monoclonal anti-trinitrophenyl IgE antibody, and the morphologic and immunologic changes occurring in the intestine upon chronic antigen exposure were investigated. In the early stage after ingestion of the antigen, diarrhea and noticeable infiltration of mast cells as well as eosinophils into the lamina propria were observed. A substantial increase in serum histamine levels as well as an increase in leukotriene C4 synthesis in the jejunal mucosa were observed 1 h after antigen challenge. Also, the synthesis of leukotriene B4 was significantly elevated for up to 9 h after antigen challenge. The expression of both intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on mucosal vascular endothelial cells and IAd on epithelial cells was markedly enhanced, and noticeable infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes was also confirmed in the mouse model after chronic antigen exposure. These findings suggest that oral antigen exposure induces anaphylactic reactions in the intestine mediated by mast cells and eosinophils in response to the IgE-antigen complex in the early phase, and also induces lymphocyte migration after chronic antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtsuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohtsuka Y, Yamashiro Y, Shimizu T, Nagata S, Igarashi J, Shinohara K, Oguchi S, Yabuta K. Reducing cell membrane n-6 fatty acids attenuate mucosal damage in food-sensitive enteropathy in mice. Pediatr Res 1997; 42:835-9. [PMID: 9396566 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199712000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal damage is commonly observed in food-sensitive enteropathy in infants, and the generation of leukotrienes is involved in the pathogenesis of this enteropathy. Because supplementing n-3 fatty acids is known to modify the production of leukotrienes, we investigated whether a change of dietary fatty acid composition affects leukotriene synthesis and food hypersensitivity reactions in the intestine by using a mouse model of food-sensitive enteropathy. The model was prepared by feeding ovalbumin to BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. Diets were prepared from soybean oil (control), perilla oil, lard, corn oil, and 0.125 volume of corn oil (low fat diet) and given to mice for 4 wk. Villous heights, crypt depths, leukotriene B4 and C4 production in the intestine were measured. Crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy were severer in the corn oil-fed group than those of control group, whereas mucosal damage in the perilla oil and low fat diet groups was minimal. In the corn oil-fed group, red blood cell membrane levels of n-3 fatty acids were lower than the control, and the synthesis of leukotrienes was highest among all groups. In the perilla oil and low fat diet groups, n-6 fatty acids were lower than those of control group and leukotriene production was significantly suppressed. These results indicate that reducing cell membrane levels of n-6 fatty acids by feeding less n-6 fatty acids or supplementing n-3 fatty acids, is important to suppress leukotriene biosynthesis for prevention from mucosal damage in food-sensitive enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtsuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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