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Ghahramanipour Z, Alipour S, Masoumi J, Rostamlou A, Hatami-Sadr A, Heris JA, Naseri B, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Functions by Vitamins as Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Immune System Disorders. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300142. [PMID: 37423961 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional immune system is crucial for a healthy life, protecting from infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders; these are accomplished by the interaction between various immune cells. Nourishment, particularly micronutrients, are very important components in the immune system balance, therefore this review emphasizes the vitamins (D, E, A, C) and Dendritic cells' subsets due to vitamins' roles in immune processes, especially on dendritic cells' functions, maturation, and cytokine production. Current studies reveal significant benefits related to vitamins, including vitamin E, which can contribute to the control of dendritic cells' function and maturation. Furthermore, vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. Metabolite of vitamin A which is called retinoic acid leads to T cells' differentiation to T helper 1 or T helper 17, so low levels of this vitamin exacerbate the menace of infectious diseases, and vitamin C has anti-oxidant effects on dendritic cells and modulate their activation and differentiation program. Additionally, the correlation between the amount of vitamin and the occurrence or progression of allergic diseases and autoimmunity disorders is discussed according to the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghahramanipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
| | | | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
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Dong DY, Li PY, Wang YF, Wang P, Wu YH, Gao SG, Li SQ. High glucose-increased miR-200c contributes to cellular senescence and DNA damage in neural stem cells. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1770-1779. [PMID: 37776548 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes increases the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). It is unclear if miRNAs, senescence, and DNA damage are involved in this process. In this study, we used neural stem cells as an in vitro proxy of embryonic neuroepithelium to investigate whether high glucose triggers neural stem cell senescence and DNA damage by upregulating miR-200c, which may be responsible for NTDs. METHODS C17.2 neural stem cells were cultured with normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (≥16.7 mM) at different doses and time points for detecting miR-200c levels, markers of senescence and DNA damage. Neural stem cells were exposed to antioxidant SOD1 mimetic Tempol and high glucose for 48 h to test roles of oxidative stress on the miR-200c, senescence, and DNA damage levels. An miR-200c mimic and an inhibitor were transfected into neural stem cells to increase or decrease miR-200c activities. RESULTS High glucose upregulated miR-200c in neural stem cells. A time course study of the effect of high glucose revealed that miR-200c initially increased at 12 h and reached its zenith at 18 h. Tempol reduced miR-200c levels caused by high glucose. High glucose induced markers of senescence and DNA damage in neural stem cells. Tempol abolished high glucose-induced markers of senescence and DNA damage. The miR-200c inhibitor suppressed high glucose-induced markers of senescence and DNA damage. Treatment with miR-200c mimic imitates high glucose-induced markers of senescence and DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS We show that high glucose increases miR-200c, which contributes to cellular senescence and DNA damage in neural stem cells and provides a potential pathway for maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yin Dong
- Department of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pu-Yu Li
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ying-Fang Wang
- Department of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yu-Han Wu
- Department of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - She-Gan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - San-Qiang Li
- Henan Centre for Engineering and Technology Research on Prevention and Treatment of Liver Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Zhu XZ, Deng ZM, Dai FF, Liu H, Cheng YX. The impact of early pregnancy metabolic disorders on pregnancy outcome and the specific mechanism. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:197. [PMID: 37355665 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy. The most common causes of early miscarriage are chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo, maternal endocrine abnormalities, organ malformations, and abnormal immune factors. Late miscarriages are mostly caused by factors such as cervical insufficiency. However, the causes of 50% of miscarriages remain unknown. Recently, increasing attention has been given to the role of metabolic abnormalities in miscarriage. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of four major metabolic pathways (glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and oxidation‒reduction balance) in miscarriage and the metabolism-related genes that lead to metabolic disorders in miscarriage. Depending on aetiology, the current treatments for miscarriage include hormonal and immunological drugs, as well as surgery, while there are few therapies for metabolism. Therefore, we also summarize the drugs for metabolism-related targets. The study of altered metabolism underlying miscarriage not only helps us to understand the mechanisms involved in miscarriage but also provides an important basis for clinical research on new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Min Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Fang-Fang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Qin S, Huang L, Lu L, Zhang L, Guo Y, Xi L, Liao X, Luo X. Manganese alleviates heat stress of primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells via enhancing manganese superoxide dismutase expression and attenuating heat shock response. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103440. [PMID: 36796895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that has been shown to attenuate the adverse effects of heat stress in the heart of broiler breeders and embryos. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involving this process remain unclear. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to investigate the possible protective mechanisms of Mn on primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells exposed to heat challenge. In experiment 1, the myocardial cells were exposed to 40 °C (normal temperature, NT) and 44 °C (high temperature, HT) for 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 h. In experiment 2, the myocardial cells were preincubated with no Mn supplementation (CON), 1 mmol/L of Mn as the inorganic MnCl2 (iMn) or organic Mn proteinate (oMn) under NT for 48 h, and then continuously incubated under NT or HT for another 2 or 4 h. The results from experiment 1 showed that the myocardial cells incubated for 2 or 4 h had the highest (P < 0.0001) heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) or HSP90 mRNA levels than those incubated for other incubation times under HT. In experiment 2, HT increased (P < 0.05) the heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) and HSF2 mRNA levels as well as Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity of myocardial cells compared with NT. Furthermore, supplemental iMn and oMn increased (P < 0.02) HSF2 mRNA level and MnSOD activity of myocardial cells compared with the CON. Under HT, the HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels were lower (P < 0.03) in iMn group than in the CON group, in oMn group than in iMn group; and the MnSOD mRNA and protein levels were higher (P < 0.05) in oMn group than in the CON and iMn groups. These results from the present study indicate that supplemental Mn, especially oMn, could enhance the MnSOD expression and attenuate heat shock response to protect against heat challenge in primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Qin
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lin Xi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
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Kappen C, Kruger C, Jones S, Salbaum JM. Nutrient Transporter Gene Expression in the Early Conceptus-Implications From Two Mouse Models of Diabetic Pregnancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:777844. [PMID: 35478964 PMCID: PMC9035823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.777844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes in early pregnancy increases the risk for birth defects in the offspring, particularly heart, and neural tube defects. While elevated glucose levels are characteristic for diabetic pregnancies, these are also accompanied by hyperlipidemia, indicating altered nutrient availability. We therefore investigated whether changes in the expression of nutrient transporters at the conception site or in the early post-implantation embryo could account for increased birth defect incidence at later developmental stages. Focusing on glucose and fatty acid transporters, we measured their expression by RT-PCR in the spontaneously diabetic non-obese mouse strain NOD, and in pregnant FVB/N mouse strain dams with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Sites of expression in the deciduum, extra-embryonic, and embryonic tissues were determined by RNAscope in situ hybridization. While maternal diabetes had no apparent effects on levels or cellular profiles of expression, we detected striking cell-type specificity of particular nutrient transporters. For examples, Slc2a2/Glut2 expression was restricted to the endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac, while Slc2a1/Glut1 expression was limited to the mesodermal compartment; Slc27a4/Fatp4 and Slc27a3/Fatp3 also exhibited reciprocally exclusive expression in the endodermal and mesodermal compartments of the yolk sac, respectively. These findings not only highlight the significance of nutrient transporters in the intrauterine environment, but also raise important implications for the etiology of birth defects in diabetic pregnancies, and for strategies aimed at reducing birth defects risk by nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kappen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Claudia Kruger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sydney Jones
- Regulation of Gene Expression, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - J. Michael Salbaum
- Regulation of Gene Expression, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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LIN H, LI S, ZHANG J, LIN S, TAN BK, HU J. Functional food ingredients for control of gestational diabetes mellitus: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.03621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting LIN
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Shiyang LI
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Jiawen ZHANG
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Shaoling LIN
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Bee K. TAN
- University of Leicester, United Kingdom; University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Jiamiao HU
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China; University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810122. [PMID: 34576285 PMCID: PMC8468091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.
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Chirino-Galindo G, López-Quintero IV, Ramírez-Domínguez LB, Cabrera-Nájera LE, Estrella-Parra EA, García-Bores AM, Palomar-Morales M. Verbascoside-enriched fraction from Buddleja cordata Kunth ameliorates the effects of diabetic embryopathy in an animal model. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:981-994. [PMID: 33750035 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) over development are apparently due to an increase in oxidative stress. Some antioxidants could prevent developmental alterations produced by diabetic state. Extracts of plants of the genus Buddleja are used traditionally for Mexican indigens to ameliorate some diseases. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the extract of Buddleja cordata over diabetic embryopathy. METHODS Two experimental approaches were used: an in vivo study and an in vitro model. In the first, rats were treated with streptozotocin, streptozotocin plus methanolic extract of B. cordata, or none. Females were sacrificed at gestational day (GD) 19, and biochemical clinical parameters were measured; also, the fetuses were obtained and morphologically analyzed. In the in vitro model, a verbascoside-enriched fraction (VEF) of the extract was used in whole embryo culture in order to search for the mechanisms for embryoprotection effect over hyperglycemia-induced malformations. RESULTS In the in vivo experiments, B. cordata extract reduces the frequency and severity of fetal malformations produced by chemically induced diabetes, and additionally partially ameliorates the diabetic condition; in the in vitro model, both severity and frequency of embryo dysmorphogenesis were reduced by the VEF; also, this fraction reduces lipoperoxidation without affecting the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION The results suggest that verbascoside of methanolic extract and enriched fraction can directly affect the redox state, and thus, prevents the embryotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress, in embryos of diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Chirino-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo de la Diabetes Mellitus, Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Ilse-Valeria López-Quintero
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo de la Diabetes Mellitus, Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Liliana-Berenice Ramírez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo de la Diabetes Mellitus, Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Leonardo-Elías Cabrera-Nájera
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo de la Diabetes Mellitus, Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Edgar-Antonio Estrella-Parra
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Ana-María García-Bores
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Martín Palomar-Morales
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo de la Diabetes Mellitus, Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
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Hidayatik N, Purnomo A, Fikri F, Purnama MTE. Amelioration on oxidative stress, testosterone, and cortisol levels after administration of Vitamins C and E in albino rats with chronic variable stress. Vet World 2021; 14:137-143. [PMID: 33642797 PMCID: PMC7896882 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.137-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Stress can cause physiological and biological disorders in the body. On the other hand, antioxidants from vitamins and minerals are effective for stress treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the administration of Vitamins C and E on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), testosterone, and cortisol activity in albino rats with chronic variable stress (CVS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty albino rats were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: C was administered normal saline; T1 was administered Vitamins C and E; T2 was only induced CVS; and T3 was induced CVS followed by Vitamins C and E administration. All treatments were applied for 4 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, 5 mL of blood samples were collected intracardially. Body weight data were collected for the initial and final weights. From serum samples, SOD, GPx, and CAT were measured using the enzymol method; MDA was measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography method; and testosterone and cortisol were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All variables were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test (p<0.05). RESULTS Our findings showed that the T1 and T3 groups significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to T2 in the following parameters: SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol. Meanwhile, CAT and testosterone levels in the T1 and T3 groups were significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to the T2 group. In addition, the weight gain in T1 and T3 groups was significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to T2 group. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the administration of Vitamins C and E had a significant effect to alleviate SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol and to improve the testosterone level in albino rats with CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanik Hidayatik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Purnomo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Fikri
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Desoye G, Herrera E. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101082. [PMID: 33383022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - E Herrera
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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Salahi P, Gharabaghi M, Rocky A, Alirezaei M. In vivo: maternal betaine supplementation normalized fetal growth in diabetic pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:837-844. [PMID: 32583209 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes alters maternal metabolism and can lead to aberrant fetal growth. In addition to insulin treatment, nutritional diet interventions are recommended for promoting fetal health against diabetes-induced adverse effects. Therefore, we conducted an in vivo study to investigate betaine efficacy on fetal development against maternal diabetes. METHODS Thirty-two dams were divided into four equal groups: control (C), betaine supplementation (BS), diabetic pregnancy (DP) and diabetic pregnancy plus betaine supplementation (DP + BS). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and body weight (BW) were monitored during pregnancy. After physiological delivery, dams glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations were measured, followed by fetal development indices including litter size (LS), neonatal weight (NW) and crown-rump (CR). Also, maternal oxidative status was assessed by evaluating glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the erythrocytes. RESULTS Betaine supplementation significantly alleviated FBS and tended to recover BW loss. It also significantly decreased HbA1c values in dams of DP + BS compared to DP group. Normalized fetal indices such as LS, NW and CR under betaine supplementation were associated with a significant increase in GSH content and GSH-Px activity, as well as decreased MDA concentrations in erythrocytes of dams in the DP + BS versus the DP group, indicating improved redox balance in the dams. CONCLUSION We indicated for the first time that betaine supplementation improved the maternal glucose metabolism and redox balance associated with normalized fetal growth. Nevertheless, further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms through which betaine protects fetal growth in diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Salahi
- Graduated Student of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Mahdiyeh Gharabaghi
- Graduated Student of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Rocky
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Masoud Alirezaei
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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Michlin M, Argaev-Frenkel L, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ornoy A, Rosenzweig T. Maternal N-Acetyl Cysteine Intake Improved Glucose Tolerance in Obese Mice Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1981. [PMID: 32183232 PMCID: PMC7139991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to certain environmental factors during the early stages of development was found to affect health in adulthood. Among other environmental factors, oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in fetal programming, leading to elevated risk for metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes; however, the possibility that antioxidant consumption during early life may affect the development of diabetes has scarcely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) given during pregnancy and lactation on the susceptibility of offspring to develop glucose intolerance at adulthood. C57bl6/J mice were given NAC during pregnancy and lactation. High fat diet (HFD) was given to offspring at an age of 6 weeks for an additional 9 weeks, till the end of the study. Isolated islets of NAC-treated offspring (6 weeks old, before HFD feeding) had an increased efficacy of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and a higher resistance to oxidative damage. Following HFD feeding, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of NAC-treated offspring were improved. In addition, islet diameter was lower in male offspring of NAC-treated mice compared to their HFD-fed littermates. NAC consumption during early life improves glucose tolerance in adulthood in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Michlin
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (M.M.); (L.A.-F.)
| | - Lital Argaev-Frenkel
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (M.M.); (L.A.-F.)
| | - Liza Weinstein-Fudim
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.W.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.W.-F.); (A.O.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (M.M.); (L.A.-F.)
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Matsumaru D, Motohashi H. From germ cells to neonates: the beginning of life and the KEAP1-NRF2 system. J Biochem 2020; 167:133-138. [PMID: 31518425 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1)-NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) system is one of the most studied environmental stress response systems. In the presence of oxidative and electrophilic insults, the thiols of cysteine residues in KEAP1 are modified, and subsequently stabilized NRF2 activates its target genes that are involved in detoxification and cytoprotection. A myriad of recent studies has revealed the broad range of contributions of the KEAP1-NRF2 system to physiological and pathological processes. However, its functions during gametic and embryonic development are still open for investigation. Although oxidative stress is harmful for embryos, Nrf2-/- mice do not show any apparent morphological abnormalities during development, probably because of the compensatory antioxidant functions of NF-E2-related factor 1 (NRF1). It can also be considered that the antioxidant system is essential for protecting germ cells during reproduction. The maturation processes of germ cells in both sexes are affected by Nrf2 mutation. Hence, in this review, we focus on the stress response system related to reproduction and embryonic development through the functions of the KEAP1-NRF2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsumaru
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Priliani L, Prado EL, Restuadi R, Waturangi DE, Shankar AH, Malik SG. Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Stabilizes Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Pregnant Women in Lombok, Indonesia. J Nutr 2019; 149:1309-1316. [PMID: 31177276 PMCID: PMC6686057 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT) in Lombok, Indonesia showed that maternal multiple micronutrients (MMN), as compared with iron and folic acid (IFA), reduced fetal loss, early infant mortality, and low birth weight. Mitochondria play a key role during pregnancy by providing maternal metabolic energy for fetal development, but the effects of maternal supplementation during pregnancy on mitochondria are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MMN supplementation on maternal mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN). METHODS We used archived venous blood specimens from pregnant women enrolled in the SUMMIT study. SUMMIT was a cluster-randomized double-blind controlled trial in which midwives were randomly assigned to distribute MMN or IFA to pregnant women. In this study, we selected 108 sets of paired baseline and postsupplementation samples (MMN = 54 and IFA = 54). Maternal mtDNA-CN was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in baseline and postsupplementation specimens. The association between supplementation type and change in mtDNA-CN was performed using rank-based estimation for linear models. RESULTS In both groups, maternal mtDNA-CN at postsupplementation was significantly elevated compared with baseline (P < 0.001). The regression revealed that the MMN group had lower postsupplementation mtDNA-CN than the IFA group (β = -4.63, P = 0.003), especially for women with mtDNA-CN levels above the median at baseline (β = -7.49, P = 0.007). This effect was rapid, and observed within 33 d of initiation of supplementation (β = -7.39, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Maternal MMN supplementation rapidly stabilized mtDNA-CN in pregnant women who participated in SUMMIT, indicating improved mitochondrial efficiency. The data provide a mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of MMN on fetal growth and survival, and support the transition from routine IFA to MMN supplementation.This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN34151616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwina Priliani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and,Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elizabeth L Prado
- Summit Institute of Development, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana E Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anuraj H Shankar
- Summit Institute of Development, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to AHS (e-mail: )
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and,Address correspondence to SGM (e-mail: )
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Juhl B, Lauszus FF, Lykkesfeldt J. Glycemic Control during Pregnancy-A Predictor of Vitamin C Status at Labor in Type 1 Diabetic Women? Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060153. [PMID: 31159250 PMCID: PMC6617071 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several experimental studies have suggested that vitamin C (vitC) deficiency during pregnancy may be detrimental to fetal development, and observational studies have shown that vitC status is lower during pregnancy and in people with diabetes. A cross-sectional study in pregnant type 1 diabetic women found that poor maternal vitC status was a significant predictor for obstetric complications of pregnancy when measured within four weeks before labor. The plasma vitC concentration was significantly negatively correlated to HbA1c, the biomarker of glycemic control well-known to be associated with the outcome of the diabetic pregnancy. Here, we evaluated HbA1c during pregnancy in relation to the measured vitC levels in late pregnancy based on data from 46 women from the same cohort. Regression analysis showed that HbA1c of first trimester, the combined mean HbA1c of first and second trimester, mean HbA1c of the whole pregnancy (first, second and third trimester combined), and HbA1c of third trimester alone were all associated with vitC in late pregnancy (p = 0.03, n = 45; p = 0.034, n = 43; p = 0.017, n = 42; and p = 0.008, n = 46, respectively). In third trimester, when adjusted for creatinine clearance, the association between vitC and HbA1c persisted (p = 0.029). Women in third trimester with HbA1c above 7.0% had an increased risk of having poor vitC status compared to women with HbA1c below this level (11 out of 21 vs. 2 out of 25 women, p < 0.001). The results suggest that high HbA1c is associated with poor maternal vitC status and potentially inadequate supply of vitC for the neonate. HbA1c may thus be a relevant substitute biomarker for identifying pregnant women who might benefit from vitC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Juhl
- Medical Department, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Finn F Lauszus
- Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, Herning Hospital, 7400 Herning, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark.
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16
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Zygula A, Kosinski P, Zwierzchowska A, Sochacka M, Wroczynski P, Makarewicz-Wujec M, Pietrzak B, Wielgos M, Rzentala M, Giebultowicz J. Oxidative stress markers in saliva and plasma differ between diet-controlled and insulin-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 148:72-80. [PMID: 30529575 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were as follows: to investigate possible differences between plasma oxidative status (OS) in late-onset GDM and well-characterized healthy pregnant women (oral health, diet); to verify the existence of possible differences between GDMG1 (diet-treated) and GDMG2 (insulin-treated GDM); to determine whether oxidative stress markers could be detected in saliva. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 89 pregnant women (n = 89; 59 with GDM and 30 controls) were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (ORAC), inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (IALDH), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione transferase (GST)) in plasma and/or saliva were analyzed. RESULTS The activity of GPx and GST in plasma was higher in GDMG2 as compared to GDMG1 and controls. Also, in GDMG2, elevated concentrations of salivary MDA and higher IALDH were observed. In contrast, GDMG1 had higher plasma ORAC and lower GPx activity as compared to controls, probably due to low-energy diet, high in antioxidants and fibers. Salivary and plasma OS were correlated and most significant for ORAC. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress were not observed in GDMG1 but were confirmed to be moderate in GDMG2. However, large variability of the analyzed markers in GDM groups encourages screening of all patients, regardless of the treatment option. Saliva may be considered useful for the estimation of oxidative stress levels in GDM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zygula
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1/3 Starynkiewicza Square, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Kosinski
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1/3 Starynkiewicza Square, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Zwierzchowska
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1/3 Starynkiewicza Square, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sochacka
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wroczynski
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Makarewicz-Wujec
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bronislawa Pietrzak
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1/3 Starynkiewicza Square, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wielgos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1/3 Starynkiewicza Square, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Giebultowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Oxidative Stress as Cause, Consequence, or Biomarker of Altered Female Reproduction and Development in the Space Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123729. [PMID: 30477143 PMCID: PMC6320872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous terrestrial disease processes and associated with morbidity following spaceflight. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been considered a causative agent in adverse reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of oxidative stress caused by cosmic radiation and microgravity, review the relationship between oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in females, and explore what role spaceflight-induced oxidative damage may have on female reproductive and developmental outcomes.
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18
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Shiralizadeh J, Barmaki H, Haiaty S, Faridvand Y, Mostafazadeh M, Mokarizadeh N, Kamrani A, Isazadeh A, Maroufi NF. The effects of high and low doses of folic acid on oxidation of protein levels during pregnancy: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 33:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0039/hmbci-2017-0039.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveOxidants include important active molecules which are created in the body and attack biological molecules especially lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins, and cause oxidation and various diseases in the body. Antioxidants existing in the body help to avoid the incidence of these injuries. Pregnant women are among those where oxidation of biological molecules may do irreparable damage to them and their embryos. So, the purpose of this study was to review the effect of folic acid with both high (5 mg/day) and low (0.5 mg/day) doses on the changes of oxidative protein in reducing plasma homocystein concentration during pregnancy.Materials and methodsForty-five pregnant women participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: group 1 included 23 women who received 5 mg/day folic acid and group 2 included 23 women who took 0.5 mg/day folic acid before pregnancy till the 36th week pregnancy. We measured the biochemical variables in the serum of pregnant women at the beginning and at the end of the study.ResultsFolic acid reduced plasma homocytein in both low and high dose groups (p = 0.035, p = 0.012, respectively). Also, the results showed that folic acid prescription led to reduce plasma level of carbonyl groups in both low and high dose groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, the results showed that there is no significant difference between two groups and folic acid affects both groups equally.ConclusionIt is possible that folic acid administration can reduce plasma homocysteine and carbonyl levels during pregnancy in dose independent manner
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19
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Therapies for gestational diabetes and their implications for maternal and offspring health: Evidence from human and animal studies. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:52-73. [PMID: 29421161 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity prior to and during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications during pregnancy. One of the most common complications of pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance that is diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. GDM predisposes both mothers and their children to increased obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, namely type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Current treatments include lifestyle changes and insulin injections, but oral anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin and glyburide are increasingly prescribed as they do not require injections. However, the long-term implications of therapies for diabetes during pregnancy on mothers and their offspring are not fully understood. In this review, we describe current treatments for GDM, including the first line lifestyle interventions such as exercise as well as insulin, glyburides and metformin. We also review selected natural health products that are sometimes used by individuals during pregnancy that could also be an effective therapeutic in pregnancies characterized by obesity or GDM. We focus on both the short- and long-term effects of treatments on the health of mothers and their offspring. We review the current literature from clinical research and animal studies.
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20
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Zhu Y, Lu L, Liao X, Li W, Zhang L, Ji C, Lin X, Liu HC, Odle J, Luo X. Maternal dietary manganese protects chick embryos against maternal heat stress via epigenetic-activated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic abilities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89665-89680. [PMID: 29163779 PMCID: PMC5685700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal heat stress induced the aberrant epigenetic patterns resulting in the abnormal development of offspring embryos. It is unclear whether maternal dietary manganese supplementation as an epigenetic modifier could protect the chick embryonic development against maternal heat stress via epigenetic mechanisms. To test this hypothesis using an avian model, a completely randomized design with a 2 (maternal normal and high environmental temperatures of 21 and 32°C, respectively) × 3 (maternal dietary manganese sources, the control diet without manganese supplementation and the control diet + 120 mg/kg as either inorganic or organic manganese) factorial arrangement was adopted. Maternal environmental hyperthermia increased mRNA expressions of heat shock proteins 90 and 70, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2-associated X protein displaying oxidative damage and apoptosis in the embryonic heart. Maternal environmental hyperthermia impaired the embryonic development associated with the alteration of epigenetic status, as evidenced by global DNA hypomethylation and histone 3 lysine 9 hypoacetylation in the embryonic heart. Maternal dietary manganese supplementation increased the heart anti-apoptotic gene B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 expressions under maternal environmental hyperthermia and manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in the embryonic heart. Maternal dietary organic Mn supplementation effectively eliminated the impairment of maternal environmental hyperthermia on the embryonic development. Maternal dietary manganese supplementation up-regulated manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA expression by reducing DNA methylation and increasing histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation of its promoter. It is suggested that maternal dietary manganese addition could protect the chick embryonic development against maternal heat stress via enhancing epigenetic-activated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Zhu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xugang Luo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Juhl B, Lauszus FF, Lykkesfeldt J. Poor Vitamin C Status Late in Pregnancy Is Associated with Increased Risk of Complications in Type 1 Diabetic Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E186. [PMID: 28241487 PMCID: PMC5372849 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (vitC) is essential for normal pregnancy and fetal development and poor vitC status has been related to complications of pregnancy. We have previously shown lower vitC status in diabetic women throughout pregnancy compared to that of non-diabetic controls. Here, we evaluate the relationship between vitC status late in diabetic pregnancy in relation to fetal outcome, complications of pregnancy, diabetic characteristics, and glycemic control based on data of 47 women from the same cohort. We found a significant relationship between the maternal vitC level > or ≤ the 50% percentile of 26.6 μmol/L, respectively, and the umbilical cord blood vitC level (mean (SD)): 101.0 μmol/L (16.6) versus 78.5 μmol/L (27.8), p = 0.02; n = 12/16), while no relation to birth weight or Apgar score was observed. Diabetic women with complications of pregnancy had significantly lower vitC levels compared to the women without complications (mean (SD): 24.2 μmol/L (10.6) vs. 34.6 μmol/L (14.4), p = 0.01; n = 19 and 28, respectively) and the subgroup of women (about 28%) characterized by hypovitaminosis C (<23 μmol/L) had an increased relative risk of complications of pregnancy that was 2.4 fold higher than the one found in the group of women with a vitC status above this level (p = 0.02, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.4). No correlation between diabetic characteristics of the pregnant women and vitC status was observed, while a negative association of maternal vitC with HbA1c at delivery was found at regression analysis (r = -0.39, p < 0.01, n = 46). In conclusion, our results may suggest that hypovitaminosis C in diabetic women is associated with increased risk of complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Juhl
- Medical Department, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Finn Friis Lauszus
- Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, Herning Hospital, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400 Herning, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, Frederiksberg C, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bafor EE, Ebidame VO, Elvis-Offiah UB, Omoruyi O, Eze GI, Igbinuwen O, Braimoh KP. A role of alpha-tocopherol and phylloquinone in the modulation of uterine contractility and reproductive function in mouse models. Medicina (B Aires) 2017; 53:190-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ascorbic Acid Protects against Hypertension through Downregulation of ACE1 Gene Expression Mediated by Histone Deacetylation in Prenatal Inflammation-Induced Offspring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39469. [PMID: 27995995 PMCID: PMC5171640 DOI: 10.1038/srep39469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to hypertension in a rat offspring. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study unraveled epigenetic mechanism for this and explored the protective effects of ascorbic acid against hypertension on prenatal inflammation-induced offspring. Prenatal LPS exposure resulted in an increase of intrarenal oxidative stress and enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels in 6- and 12-week-old offspring, correlating with the augmentation of histone H3 acetylation (H3AC) on the ACE1 promoter. However, the prenatal ascorbic acid treatment decreased the LPS-induced expression of ACE1, protected against intrarenal oxidative stress, and reversed the altered histone modification on the ACE1 promoter, showing the protective effect in offspring of prenatal LPS stimulation. Our study demonstrates that ascorbic acid is able to prevent hypertension in offspring from prenatal inflammation exposure. Thus, ascorbic acid can be a new approach towards the prevention of fetal programming hypertension.
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Ambrogini P, Betti M, Galati C, Di Palma M, Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Galli F, Cuppini R, Minelli A. α-Tocopherol and Hippocampal Neural Plasticity in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2107. [PMID: 27983697 PMCID: PMC5187907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is an "umbrella term" referring to the complex, multifaceted physiological processes that mediate the ongoing structural and functional modifications occurring, at various time- and size-scales, in the ever-changing immature and adult brain, and that represent the basis for fundamental neurocognitive behavioral functions; in addition, maladaptive neuroplasticity plays a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. Experiential cues and several endogenous and exogenous factors can regulate neuroplasticity; among these, vitamin E, and in particular α-tocopherol (α-T), the isoform with highest bioactivity, exerts potent effects on many plasticity-related events in both the physiological and pathological brain. In this review, the role of vitamin E/α-T in regulating diverse aspects of neuroplasticity is analyzed and discussed, focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure that remains highly plastic throughout the lifespan and is involved in cognitive functions. Vitamin E-mediated influences on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and related cognitive behavior, on post-natal development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as on cellular and molecular disruptions in kainate-induced temporal seizures are described. Besides underscoring the relevance of its antioxidant properties, non-antioxidant functions of vitamin E/α-T, mainly involving regulation of cell signaling molecules and their target proteins, have been highlighted to help interpret the possible mechanisms underlying the effects on neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - David Savelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Zhao Z. Reevaluation of Antioxidative Strategies for Birth Defect Prevention in Diabetic Pregnancies. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH & THERAPEUTICS 2016; 5:145. [PMID: 28824831 PMCID: PMC5560165 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7956.1000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy is the most severe maternal disease that is counted for 10% of newborn infants with structural defects. With the rapid increases in the number of diabetic women in childbearing age, the birth defect rate is projected to elevate dramatically. Thus, prevention of embryonic malformations becomes an urgent task. Animal studies have revealed an involvement of oxidative stress in diabetic embryopathy and treatment with antioxidants can reduce embryonic abnormalities. However, the failure of clinical trials using free radical-scavenging antioxidants to alleviate oxidative stress-related diseases prompts researchers to reevaluate the strategy in birth defect prevention. Hyperglycemia also disturbs other intracellular homeostasis, generating aberrant conditions. Perturbed folding of newly synthesized proteins causes accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER under the stress activates signaling cascades, known as unfolded protein response, to suppress cell mitosis and/or trigger apoptosis. ER stress can be ameliorated by chemical chaperones, which promote protein folding. Hyperglycemia also stimulates the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase 2 (NOS2) to produce high levels of NO and reactive nitrogen species and augment protein nitrosylation and nitration, resulting in nitrosative stress. Inhibition of NOS2 using inhibitors has been demonstrated to reduce embryonic malformations in diabetic animals. Therefore, targeting ER and nitrosative stress conditions using specific agents to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies warrant further investigations. Simultaneously targeting multiple stress conditions using combined agents is a potentially effective and feasible approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pankaj PP. Efficacy of Spirulina platensis in improvement of the reproductive performance and easing teratogenicity in hyperglycemic albino mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:430-5. [PMID: 26285837 PMCID: PMC4527067 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.161271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of cell suspension of Spirulina platensis (SP) on estrous cycle, fetal development and embryopathy in alloxan (AXN) induced hyperglycemic mice. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by intra-peritoneal administration of AXN. Mice with blood glucose level above 200 mg/dl were divided into Group I (control), Group II (diabetic control), Group III (diabetic control mice fed with SP), and Group IV (control mice fed with SP). Litter counts, estrous cycles, percent survival of litter, and gestation length were recorded. Results: In hyperglycemic mice, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in duration of diestrus (14.48%), estrus (84.21%), and metestrus (164.15%) with concomitant decrease in proestrus phase by 26.13% was recorded when compared with control. Reduction in litter count and survival of litter was 68.67% and 88.38%, respectively, whereas gestation length increased to 14.51% day in diabetic mice, but recovery in these parameters was observed (P < 0.05) when subjected to SP treatment. SP resulted in increased fertility rate from 77.5% to 82.5% and dropped off resorption of the fetus to 33.73% while the survival rate of offspring of diabetic mice went up to 88.89% from 83.61%. Conclusions: These findings suggest that SP is effective in improving the reproductive performance and easing teratogenic effects in diabetic mice and hence warrants further detailed dose-dependent studies to understand its mechanism of action.
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Abstract
Diabetic embryopathy is a theoretical enigma and a clinical challenge. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetic pregnancy carry a significant risk for fetal maldevelopment, and the precise reasons for the diabetes-induced teratogenicity are not clearly identified. The experimental work in this field has revealed a partial, however complex, answer to the teratological question, and we will review some of the latest suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J. Eriksson
- CONTACT Ulf J. Eriksson Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhu YW, Lu L, Li WX, Zhang LY, Ji C, Lin X, Liu HC, Odle J, Luo XG. Effects of maternal dietary manganese and incubation temperature on hatchability, antioxidant status, and expression of heat shock proteins in chick embryos1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5725-34. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Shang M, Zhao J, Yang L, Lin L. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed by IADPSG criteria. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:404-10. [PMID: 26025697 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between oxidative stress and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus GDM isn't well known. Our aim is to evaluate the oxidative stress in women diagnosed by the IADPSG criteria versus the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria in China. METHODS Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostane (8IsoP), xanthine oxidize (XO), lipid peroxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), vitamin C (Vc) and vitamins E (Ve) were determined in maternal and cord plasma and placenta of 68 pregnant women. Among these, 28 were diagnosed with GDM while the other 40 were controls. RESULTS The maternal, cord and placental MDA, XO and 8IsoP levels were significantly higher while SOD and TAC levels were significantly lower in GDM women by either criterion (P < 0.05). XO and 8IsoP levels were higher in ADA group than IADPSG only group while TAC levels significant lower (P < 0.05). Cord MDA, cord and placental XO, and maternal and cord 8IsoP showed significant positive relationship with HbA1c values (P < 0.05). Cord XO levels increased (P < 0.05) while maternal and placental SOD levels decreased (P < 0.05) in women who received cesarean section compared with those delivered normally. Increased XO levels and decreased Ve levels in cord plasma were also found in macrosomia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is present in women diagnosed by IADPSG but to a lesser degree than by ADA. All these women should be monitored and perhaps antioxidant supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Medical Centre for Experiment and Testing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Hami J, Shojae F, Vafaee-Nezhad S, Lotfi N, Kheradmand H, Haghir H. Some of the experimental and clinical aspects of the effects of the maternal diabetes on developing hippocampus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:412-422. [PMID: 25897352 PMCID: PMC4398898 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of multiple congenital anomalies in progeny. There are sufficient evidence suggesting that the children of diabetic women exhibit intellectual and behavioral abnormalities accompanied by modification of hippocampus structure and function. Although, the exact mechanism by which maternal diabetes affects the developing hippocampus remains to be defined. Multiple biological alterations, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and iron deficiency occur in pregnancies with diabetes and affect the development of central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus. The conclusion from several studies is that disturbance in glucose and insulin homeostasis in mothers and infants are major teratogenic factor in the development of CNS. Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are two key regulators of CNS function and development. Insulin and IGF-1 receptors (IR and IGF1R, respectively) are distributed in a highly specific pattern with the high density in some brain regions such as hippocampus. Recent researches have clearly established that maternal diabetes disrupts the regulation of both IR and IGF1R in the hippocampus of rat newborn. Dissecting out the mechanisms responsible for maternal diabetes-related changes in the development of hippocampus is helping to prevent from impaired cognitive and memory functions in offspring.
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Ornoy A, Reece EA, Pavlinkova G, Kappen C, Miller RK. Effect of maternal diabetes on the embryo, fetus, and children: congenital anomalies, genetic and epigenetic changes and developmental outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:53-72. [PMID: 25783684 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM; GDM) are significant health concerns because they are associated with an increased rate of malformations and maternal health complications. METHODS We reviewed the data that help us to understand the effects of diabetes in pregnancy. RESULTS Diabetic embryopathy can affect any developing organ system, but cardiovascular and neural tube defects are among the most frequent anomalies. Other complications include preeclampsia, preterm delivery, fetal growth abnormalities, and perinatal mortality. Neurodevelopmental studies on offspring of mothers with diabetes demonstrated increased rate of Gross and Fine motor abnormalities, of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, learning difficulties, and possibly also Autism Spectrum Disorder. The mechanisms underlying the effects of maternal hyperglycemia on the developing fetus may involve increased oxidative stress, hypoxia, apoptosis, and epigenetic changes. Evidence for epigenetic changes are the following: not all progeny are affected and not to the same extent; maternal diet may influence pregnancy outcomes; and maternal diabetes alters embryonic transcriptional profiles and increases the variation between transcriptomic profiles as a result of altered gene regulation. Research in animal models has revealed that maternal hyperglycemia is a teratogen, and has helped uncover potential therapeutic targets which, when blocked, can mitigate or ameliorate the negative effects of diabetes on the developing fetus. CONCLUSIONS Tight metabolic control, surveillance, and labor management remain the cornerstone of care for pregnant women with diabetes, but advances in the field indicate that new treatments to protect the mother and baby are not far from becoming clinical realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Ornoy
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Laboratory of Teratology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pereira AC, Martel F. Oxidative stress in pregnancy and fertility pathologies. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:301-12. [PMID: 25030657 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress designates the state of imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant levels. In a healthy placenta, there is an increase in ROS production, due to formation of new tissues and inherent metabolism, but this is balanced by higher levels of antioxidants. However, this balance is lost in some situations, with a consequent increase in oxidative stress levels. Oxidative stress has been implicated in several placental disorders and pregnancy pathologies. The present review intends to summarize what is known about the relationship between oxidative stress and well-known pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Pereira
- Unit of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (CISA) and Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Porto, Portugal
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Abdul Sani NF, Belani LK, Pui Sin C, Abdul Rahman SNA, Das S, Zar Chi T, Makpol S, Yusof YAM. Effect of the combination of gelam honey and ginger on oxidative stress and metabolic profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:160695. [PMID: 24822178 PMCID: PMC4009231 DOI: 10.1155/2014/160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic complications occur as a result of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to long term hyperglycaemia. Honey and ginger have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity which can scavenge ROS. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gelam honey, ginger, and their combination. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 major groups which consisted of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin intramuscularly (55 mg/kg body weight). Each group was further divided into 4 smaller groups according to the supplements administered: distilled water, honey (2 g/kg body weight), ginger (60 mg/kg body weight), and honey + ginger. Body weight and glucose levels were recorded weekly, while blood from the orbital sinus was obtained after 3 weeks of supplementation for the estimation of metabolic profile: glucose, triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH): oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The combination of gelam honey and ginger did not show hypoglycaemic potential; however, the combination treatment reduced significantly (P < 0.05) SOD and CAT activities as well as MDA level, while GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to diabetic control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fathiah Abdul Sani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Levin Kesu Belani
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Pui Sin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Amilah Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thent Zar Chi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nishida Y, Matsumoto S, Noguchi T, Narahara H. New evaluation of fetal oxidative stress: measurement of the umbilical cord blood dimethyl sulfate-induced ascorbyl-free radical by an electron spin resonance method. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 27:1550-4. [PMID: 24256134 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.868427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to evaluate intrapartum fetal oxidative stress in real-time by umbilical cord blood dimethyl sulfate (DMSO)-induced ascorbyl-free radical (AFR) measured by an electron spin resonance (ESR) method. METHODS Seventy-five mothers delivering at gestational age after 37 weeks were recruited. They were divided into three groups: spontaneous vaginal birth (n = 27), elective cesarean section (CS) (n = 34), and emergency CS due to non-reassuring fetal status (n = 14). Umbilical artery (UA) and venous (UV) cord blood gas analysis was performed. Serum levels of DMSO-induced AFR (AFR/DMSO) that reflect vitamin C concentrations were measured by ESR spectroscopy. RESULTS Blood gas analysis showed no significant differences among the groups. UA-AFR/DMSO level of elective CS group was significantly lower compared with spontaneous delivery group (0.32 ± 0.12 versus 0.46 ± 0.14, p < 0.005). Emergency CS group showed significantly lower levels of UA-AFR/DMSO compared with elective CS group (0.25 ± 0.11 versus 0.32 ± 0.12, p < 0.005). UV-AFR/DMSO levels had no significant difference among the groups. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that fetal cord blood AFR/DMSO is a sensitive marker to assess fetal oxidative stress during delivery.
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Araújo JR, Pereira AC, Correia-Branco A, Keating E, Martel F. Oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide interferes with the placental transport of glucose: in vitro studies with BeWo cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kappen C. Modeling anterior development in mice: diet as modulator of risk for neural tube defects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 163C:333-56. [PMID: 24124024 PMCID: PMC4149464 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Head morphogenesis is a complex process that is controlled by multiple signaling centers. The most common defects of cranial development are craniofacial defects, such as cleft lip and cleft palate, and neural tube defects, such as anencephaly and encephalocoele in humans. More than 400 genes that contribute to proper neural tube closure have been identified in experimental animals, but only very few causative gene mutations have been identified in humans, supporting the notion that environmental influences are critical. The intrauterine environment is influenced by maternal nutrition, and hence, maternal diet can modulate the risk for cranial and neural tube defects. This article reviews recent progress toward a better understanding of nutrients during pregnancy, with particular focus on mouse models for defective neural tube closure. At least four major patterns of nutrient responses are apparent, suggesting that multiple pathways are involved in the response, and likely in the underlying pathogenesis of the defects. Folic acid has been the most widely studied nutrient, and the diverse responses of the mouse models to folic acid supplementation indicate that folic acid is not universally beneficial, but that the effect is dependent on genetic configuration. If this is the case for other nutrients as well, efforts to prevent neural tube defects with nutritional supplementation may need to become more specifically targeted than previously appreciated. Mouse models are indispensable for a better understanding of nutrient-gene interactions in normal pregnancies, as well as in those affected by metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity.
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Castori M. Diabetic embryopathy: a developmental perspective from fertilization to adulthood. Mol Syndromol 2013; 4:74-86. [PMID: 23653578 DOI: 10.1159/000345205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes mellitus is one of the strongest human teratogens. Despite recent advances in the fields of clinical embryology, experimental teratology and preventive medicine, diabetes-related perturbations of the maternofetal unit maintain a considerable impact on the Healthcare System. Classic consequences of prenatal exposure to hyperglycemia encompass (early) spontaneous abortions, perinatal death and malformations. The spectrum of related malformations comprises some recurrent blastogenic monotopic patterns, i.e. holoprosencephaly, caudal dysgenesis and oculoauriculovertebral spectrum, as well as pleiotropic syndromes, i.e. femoral hypoplasia-unusual face syndrome. Despite this, most malformed fetuses display multiple blastogenic defects of the VACTERL type, whose (apparently) casual combination preclude recognizing recurrent patterns, but accurately testifies to their developmental stage at onset. With the application of developmental biology in modern medicine, the effects of diabetes on the unborn patient are expanded to include the predisposition to develop insulin resistance in adulthood. The mechanisms underlying the transgenerational correlation between maternal diabetes and proneness to adult disorders in the offspring remain unclear, and the epigenetic plasticity may represent the missing link. In this scenario, a development-driven summary of the multifaced consequences of maternal diabetes on fertility and child health may add a practical resource to the repertoire of available information on early stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Badr G, Mahmoud MH, Farhat K, Waly H, Al-Abdin OZ, Rabah DM. Maternal supplementation of diabetic mice with thymoquinone protects their offspring from abnormal obesity and diabetes by modulating their lipid profile and free radical production and restoring lymphocyte proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:37. [PMID: 23506302 PMCID: PMC3608164 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that the offspring of mothers who experience diabetes mellitus during pregnancy are seven times more likely to develop health complications than the offspring of mothers who do not suffer from diabetes during pregnancy. The present study was designed to investigate whether supplementation of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic pregnant mice with thymoquinone (TQ) during pregnancy and lactation improves the risk of developing diabetic complications acquired by their offspring. Methods Three groups of pregnant female mice were used: non-diabetic control dams (CD), diabetic dams (DD), and diabetic dams supplemented with TQ (DD + TQ) during pregnancy and lactation (n = 10 female mice in each group). Results Our data demonstrated a marked decrease in the number of neonates born to DD, and these neonates showed a marked increase in their mean body weight (macrosomic pups) compared to those born to CD and DD + TQ. The induction of diabetes during pregnancy and lactation resulted in macrosomic pups with several postpartum complications, such as a marked increase in their levels of blood glucose, free radicals, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and lipids, and a tendency toward abnormal obesity compared to the offspring of CD. By contrast, macrosomic offspring born to DD exhibited a marked reduction in plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, -4 and -7), an obvious reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, decreased proliferation of superantigen (SEB)-stimulated lymphocytes and aberrant AKT phosphorylation. Interestingly, the supplementation of DD with TQ during pregnancy and lactation had an obvious and significant effect on the number and mean body weight of neonates. Furthermore, TQ significantly restored the levels of blood glucose, insulin, free radicals, plasma cytokines, and lipids as well as lymphocyte proliferation in the offspring. Conclusions Our data suggest that the nutritional supplementation of DD with the natural antioxidant TQ during pregnancy and lactation protects their offspring from developing diabetic complications and preserves an efficient lymphocyte immune response later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Princess Al-Johara Al-Ibrahim Center for Cancer Research, Prostate Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Shivananjappa MM. Dietary supplementation with Ipomoea aquatica (whole leaf powder) attenuates maternal and fetal oxidative stress in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Diabetes 2013; 5:25-33. [PMID: 22646693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of congenital anomalies, as well as morbidity and mortality of both the mother and fetus, is increased in diabetic pregnancy. Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in these effects because of the beneficial effects of several antioxidants in diabetic embryopathy. In the present study, we assessed attenuation of maternal and fetal OS and diabetic embryopathy by Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (Convolvulaceae). METHODS Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: Group I, untreated non-diabetic control; Group II, rats fed a 2%I. aquatica (IA)-supplemented diet; Group III, streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats fed a normal diet; Group IV, STZ-diabetic rats fed an IA-supplemented diet. Rats were rendered diabetic with a single injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) on gestational day (GD) 4. Dams were killed on GD20 and markers of OS were determined in the maternal liver and fetal brain and liver. RESULTS Embryopathy increased significantly in STZ-diabetic rats (by 40% versus control), but IA supplementation provided significant protection (36% reduction in embryopathy in the IA group versus the STZ-diabetic group). Interestingly, IA supplementation significantly offset diabetes-associated OS in the maternal liver, as evidenced by reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA; 25% reduction versus STZ-diabetes) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; 72% reduction) and increases in glutathione (53% reduction) and total thiols (45% reduction). In addition, IA supplementation offered significant protection against diabetes-induced OS in the fetal brain and liver, as evidenced by increased levels of antioxidant molecules and enzymes and reductions in ROS and MDA compared with fetuses from STZ-diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that IA supplementation during pregnancy provides considerable protection against diabetes-induced OS in the mother and fetus. Thus, I. aquatica may be an effective therapeutic supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Shivananjappa
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Leiva E, Mujica V, Sepúlveda P, Guzmán L, Núñez S, Orrego R, Palomo I, Andrews M, Arredondo MA. High levels of iron status and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:1-8. [PMID: 23079936 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies concerning oxidative stress (OxE) parameters have increased, mainly because of its important role in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes complications. The main objective of this study was to evaluate iron nutrition status and oxidative stress parameters in subjects that had developed metabolic syndrome (MetS). Subjects from the Research Program of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (n = 155) were studied (ages ranging from 45 to 65 years old) and classified according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criterion. A blood sample was taken after a 12-h fasting period, and basal glucose, insulin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), heme oxygenase (HO) activity, lipid profile, and iron nutrition status were determined. Eighty-five subjects were classified as MetS, and 70 non-MetS. Individuals with MetS showed higher Fe storage (high levels of ferritin, total body iron and low transferrin receptor), oxLDL, TBARS, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance levels. The MetS group showed high levels of oxidative stress parameters (HO activity, oxLDL, and TBARS). The presence of MetS showed an association with LDL oxidation risk (multiple lineal regression according to sex and age, p < 0.001). High levels of triglycerides (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.012) were associated with oxLDL levels, as well as an association between TBARS and oxLDL with ferritin levels. Through logistic regression analyses, the highest quartile of ferritin was associated with a threefold risk of developing MetS compared to the lowest quartile; also, TBARS showed a 21-fold risk for the development of MetS. Finally, elevated levels of oxidative stress parameters such us oxLDL, TBARS, HO, and Fe storage were associated to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Leiva
- Research Program of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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Hansen JM, Harris C. Redox control of teratogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 35:165-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Change in lipoperoxidation but not in scavenging enzymes activity during polyamine embryoprotection in rat embryo cultured in hyperglycemic media. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:570-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nishida Y, Matsumoto S, Noguchi T, Narahara H. New evaluation of fetal oxidative stress: measurement of the umbilical cord blood dimethyl sulfate-induced ascorbyl free radical by an electron spin resonance method. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:2499-502. [PMID: 22725842 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.704448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to evaluate intrapartum fetal oxidative stress in real-time by umbilical cord blood dimethyl sulfate (DMSO)-induced ascorbyl free radical (AFR) measured by an electron spin resonance (ESR) method. METHODS 75 mothers delivering at gestational age after 37 weeks were recruited. They were divided into three groups: spontaneous vaginal birth (n = 27), elective cesarean section (CS) (n = 34), and emergency CS due to non-reassuring fetal status (n = 14). Umbilical artery (UA) and venous (UV) cord blood gas analysis was performed. Serum levels of DMSO-induced AFR (AFR/DMSO) that reflect vitamin C concentrations, was measured by ESR spectroscopy. RESULTS Blood gas analysis showed no significant differences among the groups. UA-AFR/DMSO level of elective CS group was significantly lower compared with spontaneous delivery group (0.32 ± 0.12 vs. 0.46 ± 0.14, p < 0.005). Emergency CS group showed significantly lower levels of UA-AFR/DMSO compared with elective CS group (0.25 ± 0.11 vs. 0.32 ± 0.12, p < 0.005). UV-AFR/DMSO levels had no significant difference among the groups. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that fetal cord blood AFR/DMSO is a sensitive marker to assess fetal oxidative stress during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
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Rao KR, Padmavathi IJN, Raghunath M. Maternal micronutrient restriction programs the body adiposity, adipocyte function and lipid metabolism in offspring: a review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2012; 13:103-8. [PMID: 22430228 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-012-9211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth is a complex process which depends both on the genetic makeup and intrauterine environment. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is an important determinant of fetal growth. Adequate nutrient supply is required during pregnancy and lactation for the support of fetal/infant growth and development. Macro- and micronutrients are both important to sustain pregnancy and for appropriate growth of the fetus. While macronutrients provide energy and proteins for fetal growth, micronutrients play a major role in the metabolism of macronutrients, structural and cellular metabolism of the fetus. Discrepancies in maternal diet at different stages of foetal growth / offspring development can have pronounced influences on the health and well-being of the offspring. Indeed intrauterine growth restriction induced by nutrient insult can irreversibly modulate the endocrine/metabolic status of the fetus that leads to the development of adiposity and insulin resistance in its later life. Understanding the role of micronutrients during the development of fetus will provide insights into the probable underlying / associated mechanisms in the metabolic pathways of endocrine related complications. Keeping in view the modernized lifestyle and food habits that lead to the development of adiposity and world burden of obesity, this review focuses mainly on the role of maternal micronutrients in the foetal origins of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajender Rao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania P O, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Abrogation of maternal and fetal oxidative stress in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat by dietary supplements of Tinospora cordifolia. Nutrition 2012; 28:581-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao Z, Eckert RL, Reece EA. Reduction in embryonic malformations and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in diabetic embryopathy. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:823-31. [PMID: 22534324 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111434543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs) are associated with increased programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the neuroepithelium, which is related to intracellular nitrosative stress. To alleviate nitrosative stress, diabetic pregnant mice were fed via gavage an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) 2, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL; 80 mg/kg), once a day from embryonic (E) day 7.5 to 9.5 during early stages of neurulation. The treatment significantly reduced NTD rate in the embryos, compared with that in vehicle (normal saline)-treated diabetic group. In addition to alleviation of nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also ameliorated, assessed by quantification of associated factors. Apoptosis was reduced, indicated by caspase 8 activation. These results show that nitrosative stress is important in diabetes-induced NTDs via exacerbating ER stress, leading to increased apoptosis. Oral treatment with NOS-2 inhibitor alleviates nitrosative and ER stress, decreases apoptosis, and reduces NTDs in the embryos, providing information for further interventional studies to reduce diabetes-associated birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Correa A, Gilboa SM, Botto LD, Moore CA, Hobbs CA, Cleves MA, Riehle-Colarusso TJ, Waller DK, Reece EA. Lack of periconceptional vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid and diabetes mellitus-associated birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 206:218.e1-13. [PMID: 22284962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the risk of birth defects in relation to diabetes mellitus and the lack of use of periconceptional vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid. STUDY DESIGN The National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2004) is a multicenter, population-based case-control study of birth defects (14,721 cases and 5437 control infants). Cases were categorized into 18 types of heart defects and 26 noncardiac birth defects. We estimated odds ratios for independent and joint effects of preexisting diabetes mellitus and a lack of periconceptional use of vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid. RESULTS The pattern of odds ratios suggested an increased risk of defects that are associated with diabetes mellitus in the absence vs the presence of the periconceptional use of vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid. CONCLUSION The lack of periconceptional use of vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid may be associated with an excess risk for birth defects due to diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Correa
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Taurine attenuates maternal and embryonic oxidative stress in a streptozotocin-diabetic rat model. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:558-66. [PMID: 22414371 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress mechanisms have been implicated in congenital anomalies and morbidity/mortality of fetus/newborn in diabetic pregnancy. Numerous antioxidant treatments have shown varied beneficial effects in improving both maternal and fetal outcomes. The present study examined the propensity of taurine to attenuate the degree of embryopathy and oxidative stress among pregnant diabetic rats. Adult rats (CFT-Wistar) were rendered diabetic with an acute dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg bodyweight) on gestation day (GD) 4. Both Diabetic and non-diabetic dams were given oral supplements of taurine (0.5 and 1g/kg bodyweight/day) from GD 5 to GD 12. Maternal diet intake, bodyweight gain and urine output were monitored and dams were killed on GD 13. Markers of oxidative stress were determined in embryos and maternal livers. STZ treatment induced marked embryopathy (32%) and taurine supplements markedly reduced the degree of embryopathy (54% protection). The STZ-induced higher oxidative stress was significantly attenuated in rats given taurine supplements (P<0.05) and a similar effect was seen in embryos (P<0.05). These data suggest that dietary taurine during pregnancy provides significant protection against diabetes-induced oxidative stress in both the mother and the embryos and thus may serve as a therapeutic supplement during diabetic pregnancy. Diabetes during pregnancy affects >5% of all pregnancies, causing reproductive abnormalities that enhance spontaneous abortion - congenital anomalies, morbidity and mortality of both mother and fetus/newborn. One of the major mechanisms is increased oxidative stress caused by hyperglycaemia and the most prominent anti-teratogenic effect was achieved using antioxidative agents. Management of oxidative stress is considered, along with tight glycaemic control, to be beneficial both before conception and during pregnancy. Taurine, a ubiquitous amino acid found in almost all mammalian tissues, constitutes more than 50% of free amino acids. The aim of the study was to determine whether oral taurine supplementation given to pregnant diabetic rats during the post-implantation period could reduce embryo lethality and protect the developing embryos against maternal hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. Adult rats were rendered diabetic with an acute dose of streptozotocin on gestation day (GD) 4. Both diabetic and non-diabetic dams were administered oral taurine for a period of 8 days (GD 5-13). Maternal diet intake, bodyweight gain and urine output were monitored and dams were killed on GD 13. Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defences were studied in embryos and maternal livers. STZ induced marked embryopathy (32%) and taurine supplementation offered significant protection (54%). Taurine significantly offset diabetes-associated oxidative stress in the embryos of diabetic rats. These data suggest that dietary taurine supplementation during pregnancy provides significant protection against diabetes-induced oxidative stress both in mother and embryos and thus may serve as a therapeutic supplement under diabetic pregnancy.
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Suh SY, Bae WK, Ahn HY, Choi SE, Jung GC, Yeom CH. Intravenous vitamin C administration reduces fatigue in office workers: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2012; 11:7. [PMID: 22264303 PMCID: PMC3273429 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of the efficacy of vitamin C treatment for fatigue have yielded inconsistent results. One of the reasons for this inconsistency could be the difference in delivery routes. Therefore, we planned a clinical trial with intravenous vitamin C administration. Methods We evaluated the effect of intravenous vitamin C on fatigue in office workers. A group of 141 healthy volunteers, aged 20 to 49 years participated in this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. The trial group received 10 grams of vitamin C with normal saline intravenously, while the placebo group received normal saline only. Since vitamin C is a well-known antioxidant, oxidative stress was measured. Fatigue score, oxidative stress, and plasma vitamin C levels were measured before intervention, and again two hours and one day after intervention. Adverse events were monitored. Results The fatigue scores measured at two hours after intervention and one day after intervention were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.004); fatigue scores decreased in the vitamin C group after two hours and remained lower for one day. Trial also led to higher plasma vitamin C levels and lower oxidative stress compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). When data analysis was refined by dividing each group into high-baseline and low-baseline subgroups, it was observed that fatigue was reduced in the lower baseline vitamin C level group after two hours and after one day (p = 0.004). The same did not hold for the higher baseline group (p = 0.206). Conclusion Thus, intravenous vitamin C reduced fatigue at two hours, and the effect persisted for one day. There were no significant differences in adverse events between two groups. High dose intravenous vitamin C proved to be safe and effective against fatigue in this study. Trial Registration The clinical trial registration of this trial is http://ClinicalTrials.govNCT00633581.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Suh
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Mohebbi-Fani M, Mirzaei A, Nazifi S, Shabbooie Z. Changes of vitamins A, E, and C and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:259-65. [PMID: 22083269 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the changes of plasma vitamin A, E, and C and the lipid peroxidation status of sheep during breeding and pregnancy under drought conditions. The study was conducted on 105 cross-bred fat tailed ewes, 3-5 years old with body condition scores (BCS) of 2.5 to 3.5. The ewes were grazing on medium-to-low quality forages during summer and low quality forages within the succeeding months and had ad libitum access to a mixture of alfalfa hay (40%) and wheat straw (60%) in the afternoons. From 3 weeks before breeding till 1 month after the introduction of rams, 300 g of barley grain/head/day was offered to the ewes and then the supplemental grain was reduced to 100 g/head/day. For better synchronization of estrus cycles in ewes, they were isolated from the rams for at least 2 months and then kept in close proximity of the rams for 1 week before the introduction of the rams to the ewe flock. Then, whole blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 21, and 120 after ram introduction. Vitamins A, E, and C were measured in plasma. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in the hemolysate as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Plasma progesterone (P4) was measured in the samples of day 120 for assessing pregnancy status of the ewes. Vitamins A and C showed continuous and significant declines (P < 0.05) through days 1 to 120. Vitamin E declined only during the first 21 days of the study and remained almost constant till day 120. MDA concentration increased significantly at day 21. An elevated concentration of MDA was also detected at day 120. The difference between days 21 and 120 was not significant (P > 0.05). A positive correlation between vitamins E and C was detected at day 120 (r = 0.349, P < 0.01). Age and BCS did not affect the patterns of changes. Assuming that the ewes with P4 concentrations ≥2.5 ng/ml were pregnant, 95 out of 105 ewes (90.5%) were pregnant at day 120 of the study. Under the conditions of the present study with medium-to-low quality pastures as the main sources of feed, ewes of various ages and body conditions may suffer from oxidative stress during breeding and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohebbi-Fani
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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