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Pirhaghi M, Mamashli F, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Arghavani P, Amiri A, Davaeil B, Mohammad-Zaheri M, Mousavi-Jarrahi Z, Sharma D, Langel Ü, Otzen DE, Saboury AA. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Promising Therapeutics and Drug-Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2097-2117. [PMID: 38440998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most significant and rapidly growing unmet medical challenges is the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This challenge encompasses the imperative development of efficacious therapeutic agents and overcoming the intricacies of the blood-brain barrier for successful drug delivery. Here we focus on the delivery aspect with particular emphasis on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), widely used in basic and translational research as they enhance drug delivery to challenging targets such as tissue and cellular compartments and thus increase therapeutic efficacy. The combination of CPPs with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles (NPs) improves the performance, accuracy, and stability of drug delivery and enables higher drug loads. Our review presents and discusses research that utilizes CPPs, either alone or in conjugation with NPs, to mitigate the pathogenic effects of neurodegenerative diseases with particular reference to AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Pirhaghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 6673145137, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mamashli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | | | - Payam Arghavani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Ahmad Amiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Bagher Davaeil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Mahya Mohammad-Zaheri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi-Jarrahi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C 1592-224, Denmark
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
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2
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Mazahir F, Alam MI, Yadav AK. Development of nanomedicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Raison d'être, strategies, challenges and regulatory aspects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102318. [PMID: 38705362 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory. Presently, AD is challenging to treat with current drug therapy as their delivery to the brain is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicines, due to their size, high surface volume ratio, and ease of tailoring drug release characteristics, showed their potential to treat AD. The nanotechnology-based formulations for brain targeting are expected to enter the market in the near future. So, regulatory frameworks are required to ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the nanomedicines to treat AD. In this review, we discuss different strategies, in-vitro blood-brain permeation models, in-vivo permeation assessment, and regulatory aspects for the development of nanomedicine to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Md Imtiyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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3
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Nhàn NTT, Yamada T, Yamada KH. Peptide-Based Agents for Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12931. [PMID: 37629112 PMCID: PMC10454368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based strategies have received an enormous amount of attention because of their specificity and applicability. Their specificity and tumor-targeting ability are applied to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements and future perspectives on peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. The literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. It was performed using PubMed for articles in English until June 2023. Information on clinical trials was also obtained from ClinicalTrial.gov. Given that peptide-based strategies have several advantages such as targeted delivery to the diseased area, personalized designs, relatively small sizes, and simple production process, bioactive peptides having anti-cancer activities (anti-cancer peptides or ACPs) have been tested in pre-clinical settings and clinical trials. The capability of peptides for tumor targeting is essentially useful for peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), diagnosis, and image-guided surgery. Immunomodulation with peptide vaccines has been extensively tested in clinical trials. Despite such advantages, FDA-approved peptide agents for solid cancer are still limited. This review will provide a detailed overview of current approaches, design strategies, routes of administration, and new technological advancements. We will highlight the success and limitations of peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Blades R, Ittner LM, Tietz O. Peptides for trans-blood-brain barrier delivery. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:237-248. [PMID: 37002811 PMCID: PMC10952576 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Trans-blood-brain barrier (BBB) delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents is a major challenge in the development of central nervous system (CNS) targeted radiopharmaceuticals. This review is an introduction to the use of peptides as delivery agents to transport cargos into the CNS. The most widely used BBB-penetrating peptides are reviewed here, with a particular emphasis on the broad range of cargos delivered into the CNS using these. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been deployed as trans-BBB delivery agents for some time; new developments in the CPP field offer exciting opportunities for the design of next generation trans-BBB complexes. Many of the peptides highlighted here are ready to be combined with diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals to develop highly effective CNS-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Blades
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ole Tietz
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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5
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Paramanick D, Singh VD, Singh VK. Neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents via nanotechnology for treatment of Alzheimer diseases. J Control Release 2022; 351:638-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Wong KH, Riaz MK, Xie Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Chen H, Bian Z, Chen X, Lu A, Yang Z. Review of Current Strategies for Delivering Alzheimer's Disease Drugs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:117-136. [PMID: 35746925 PMCID: PMC9063600 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
(Appeared originally in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019; 20:381) Reprinted under Creative Commons CC-BY license.
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8
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Pinheiro RGR, Coutinho AJ, Pinheiro M, Neves AR. Nanoparticles for Targeted Brain Drug Delivery: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111654. [PMID: 34769082 PMCID: PMC8584083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier that separates the blood from the brain tissue and possesses unique characteristics that make the delivery of drugs to the brain a great challenge. To achieve this purpose, it is necessary to design strategies to allow BBB passage, in order to reach the brain and target the desired anatomic region. The use of nanomedicine has great potential to overcome this problem, since one can modify nanoparticles with strategic molecules that can interact with the BBB and induce uptake through the brain endothelial cells and consequently reach the brain tissue. This review addresses the potential of nanomedicines to treat neurological diseases by using nanoparticles specially developed to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben G. R. Pinheiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Joyce Coutinho
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rute Neves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zhang Y, Guo P, Ma Z, Lu P, Kebebe D, Liu Z. Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanomaterials for the potential therapeutics of central nervous system disorders: a review. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:255. [PMID: 34425832 PMCID: PMC8381574 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nanomedicine have greatly developed and human life span has been extended, we have witnessed the soared incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), ischemic stroke, and brain tumors, which have severely damaged the quality of life and greatly increased the economic and social burdens. Moreover, partial small molecule drugs and almost all large molecule drugs (such as recombinant protein, therapeutic antibody, and nucleic acid) cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is especially important to develop a drug delivery system that can effectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the central nervous system for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) provide a potential strategy for the transport of macromolecules through the blood-brain barrier. This study analyzed and summarized the progress of CPPs in CNS diseases from three aspects: CPPs, the conjugates of CPPs and drug, and CPPs modified nanoparticles to provide scientific basis for the application of CPPs for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Pan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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10
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Baranyai Z, Biri-Kovács B, Krátký M, Szeder B, Debreczeni ML, Budai J, Kovács B, Horváth L, Pári E, Németh Z, Cervenak L, Zsila F, Méhes E, Kiss É, Vinšová J, Bősze S. Cellular Internalization and Inhibition Capacity of New Anti-Glioma Peptide Conjugates: Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation on Various Monolayer- and 3D-Spheroid-Based in Vitro Platforms. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2982-3005. [PMID: 33719423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most therapeutic agents used for treating brain malignancies face hindered transport through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and poor tissue penetration. To overcome these problems, we developed peptide conjugates of conventional and experimental anticancer agents. SynB3 cell-penetrating peptide derivatives were applied that can cross the BBB. Tuftsin derivatives were used to target the neuropilin-1 transport system for selectivity and better tumor penetration. Moreover, SynB3-tuftsin tandem compounds were synthesized to combine the beneficial properties of these peptides. Most of the conjugates showed high and selective efficacy against glioblastoma cells. SynB3 and tandem derivatives demonstrated superior cellular internalization. The penetration profile of the conjugates was determined on a lipid monolayer and Transwell co-culture system with noncontact HUVEC-U87 monolayers as simple ex vivo and in vitro BBB models. Importantly, in 3D spheroids, daunomycin-peptide conjugates possessed a better tumor penetration ability than daunomycin. These conjugates are promising tools for the delivery systems with tunable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Krátký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta L Debreczeni
- 3rd Department of Medicine Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johanna Budai
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Lilla Horváth
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Pári
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- 3rd Department of Medicine Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- 3rd Department of Medicine Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Előd Méhes
- Department of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kiss
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Zhou X, Smith QR, Liu X. Brain penetrating peptides and peptide-drug conjugates to overcome the blood-brain barrier and target CNS diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1695. [PMID: 33470550 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one in six people worldwide suffer from disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). There is an urgent need for effective strategies to improve the success rates in CNS drug discovery and development. The lack of effective technologies for delivering drugs and genes to the brain due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structural barrier that effectively blocks most neurotherapeutic agents from reaching the brain, has posed a formidable hurdle for CNS drug development. Brain-homing and brain-penetrating molecular transport vectors, such as brain permeable peptides or BBB shuttle peptides, have shown promise in overcoming the BBB and ferrying the drug molecules to the brain. The BBB shuttle peptides are discovered by phage display technology or derived from natural neurotropic proteins or certain viruses and harness the receptor-mediated transcytosis molecular machinery for crossing the BBB. Brain permeable peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), composed of BBB shuttle peptides, linkers, and drug molecules, have emerged as a promising CNS drug delivery system by taking advantage of the endogenous transcytosis mechanism and tricking the brain into allowing these bioactive molecules to pass the BBB. Here, we examine the latest development of brain-penetrating peptide shuttles and brain-permeable PDCs as molecular vectors to deliver small molecule drug payloads across the BBB to reach brain parenchyma. Emerging knowledge of the contribution of the peptides and their specific receptors expressed on the brain endothelial cells, choice of drug payloads, the design of PDCs, brain entry mechanisms, and delivery efficiency to the brain are highlighted. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Quentin R Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Zaghmi A, Drouin-Ouellet J, Brambilla D, Gauthier MA. Treating brain diseases using systemic parenterally-administered protein therapeutics: Dysfunction of the brain barriers and potential strategies. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120461. [PMID: 33218788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The parenteral administration of protein therapeutics is increasingly gaining importance for the treatment of human diseases. However, the presence of practically impermeable blood-brain barriers greatly restricts access of such pharmaceutics to the brain. Treating brain disorders with proteins thus remains a great challenge, and the slow clinical translation of these therapeutics may be largely ascribed to the lack of appropriate brain delivery system. Exploring new approaches to deliver proteins to the brain by circumventing physiological barriers is thus of great interest. Moreover, parallel advances in the molecular neurosciences are important for better characterizing blood-brain interfaces, particularly under different pathological conditions (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease). This review presents the current state of knowledge of the structure and the function of the main physiological barriers of the brain, the mechanisms of transport across these interfaces, as well as alterations to these concomitant with brain disorders. Further, the different strategies to promote protein delivery into the brain are presented, including the use of molecular Trojan horses, the formulation of nanosystems conjugated/loaded with proteins, protein-engineering technologies, the conjugation of proteins to polymers, and the modulation of intercellular junctions. Additionally, therapeutic approaches for brain diseases that do not involve targeting to the brain are presented (i.e., sink and scavenging mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaghmi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - J Drouin-Ouellet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - D Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada.
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13
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Willbold D, Kutzsche J. Do We Need Anti-Prion Compounds to Treat Alzheimer's Disease? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122237. [PMID: 31208037 PMCID: PMC6637388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) keep failing regardless of the target, more and more data suggest that the toxic protein assemblies of amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) and tubulin binding protein (TAU) behave like prions. Irrespective of the question of whether AD is theoretically or practically contagious, the presence of a self-replicating toxic etiologic agent in the brains of AD patients must have decisive consequences for drug development programs and clinical trial designs. Objectives: We intend to challenge the hypothesis that the underlying etiologic agent of AD is behaving prion-like. We want to discuss whether the outcome of clinical trials could have been predicted based on this hypothesis, and whether compounds that directly disassemble the toxic prion could be more beneficial for AD treatment. Method: We collected publicly accessible pre-clinical efficacy data of Aβ targeting compounds that failed or still are in phase III clinical trials. We describe the desired properties of an anti-prionic compound and compare it the properties of past and current phase III drug candidates. Results: We could not find convincing and reproducible pre-clinical efficacy data of past and current phase III drug candidates on cognition other than in preventive treatment settings. The desired properties of an anti-Aβ-prionic compound are fulfilled by the drug candidate RD2, which has been developed to directly disassemble toxic Aβ oligomers. Conclusion: RD2 is the first anti-prionic drug candidate. It is able to enhance cognition and impede neurodegeneration in three different transgenic AD mouse models, even under truly non-preventive conditions and even when applied orally. In addition, it is safe in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Wong KH, Riaz MK, Xie Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Chen H, Bian Z, Chen X, Lu A, Yang Z. Review of Current Strategies for Delivering Alzheimer's Disease Drugs across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020381. [PMID: 30658419 PMCID: PMC6358942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease is a major challenge in the pharmaceutical sciences. There are six FDA approved drugs (e.g., donepezil, memantine) that show some effectiveness; however, they only relieve symptoms. Two factors hamper research. First, the cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood. Second, the blood-brain barrier restricts drug efficacy. This review summarized current knowledge relevant to both of these factors. First, we reviewed the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Next, we reviewed the structural and biological properties of the blood-brain barrier. We then described the most promising drug delivery systems that have been developed in recent years; these include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles and cyclodextrins. Overall, we aim to provide ideas and clues to design effective drug delivery systems for penetrating the blood-brain barrier to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hong Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Yuning Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Huoji Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, China.
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Figueroa DM, Wade HM, Montales KP, Elmore DE, Darling LEO. Production and Visualization of Bacterial Spheroplasts and Protoplasts to Characterize Antimicrobial Peptide Localization. J Vis Exp 2018:57904. [PMID: 30148492 PMCID: PMC6126710 DOI: 10.3791/57904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of confocal microscopy as a method to assess peptide localization patterns within bacteria is commonly inhibited by the resolution limits of conventional light microscopes. As the resolution for a given microscope cannot be easily enhanced, we present protocols to transform the small rod-shaped gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium) into larger, easily imaged spherical forms called spheroplasts or protoplasts. This transformation allows observers to rapidly and clearly determine whether peptides lodge themselves into the bacterial membrane (i.e., membrane localizing) or cross the membrane to enter the cell (i.e., translocating). With this approach, we also present a systematic method to characterize peptides as membrane localizing or translocating. While this method can be used for a variety of membrane-active peptides and bacterial strains, we demonstrate the utility of this protocol by observing the interaction of Buforin II P11A (BF2 P11A), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), with E. coli spheroplasts and B. megaterium protoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi M Wade
- Biochemistry Program, Wellesley College; Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College
| | | | - Donald E Elmore
- Biochemistry Program, Wellesley College; Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College;
| | - Louise E O Darling
- Biochemistry Program, Wellesley College; Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College;
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16
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Goulatis LI, Shusta EV. Protein engineering approaches for regulating blood-brain barrier transcytosis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 45:109-115. [PMID: 28040636 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) presents a challenge for the delivery of brain therapeutics. Trans-BBB delivery methods that use targeting vectors to coopt the vesicle trafficking machinery of BBB endothelial cells have been developed, but these are often hampered by limited flux through the BBB. A solution to this problem lies in the semi-rational engineering of BBB targeting vectors. Leveraging knowledge of intracellular trafficking, researchers have begun to tune selected binding properties of the vector-receptor interaction. Engineered binding affinity, avidity and pH-sensitivity have been shown to affect binding, intracellular sorting and release, ultimately leading to increased brain uptake of the targeting vector and its associated cargo. However, each targeted receptor may exhibit differential responses to engineered binding properties, illustrating the need to better understand vector-receptor interactions and trafficking dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas I Goulatis
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Eric V Shusta
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, United States of America.
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17
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Di Scala C, Yahi N, Flores A, Boutemeur S, Kourdougli N, Chahinian H, Fantini J. Broad neutralization of calcium-permeable amyloid pore channels with a chimeric Alzheimer/Parkinson peptide targeting brain gangliosides. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:213-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Lukanowska M, Howl J, Jones S. Bioportides: Bioactive cell-penetrating peptides that modulate cellular dynamics. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:918-30. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Passeleu-Le Bourdonnec C, Carrupt PA, Scherrmann JM, Martel S. Methodologies to assess drug permeation through the blood-brain barrier for pharmaceutical research. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2729-56. [PMID: 23801086 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery process for drugs that target the central nervous system suffers from a very high rate of failure due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the entry of xenobiotics into the brain. To minimise drug failure at different stages of the drug development process, new methodologies have been developed to understand the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile of drug candidates at early stages of drug development. Additionally, understanding the permeation of drug candidates is also important, particularly for drugs that target the central nervous system. During the first stages of the drug discovery process, in vitro methods that allow for the determination of permeability using high-throughput screening methods are advantageous. For example, performing the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay followed by cell-based models with interesting hits is a useful technique for identifying potential drugs. In silico models also provide interesting information but must be confirmed by in vitro models. Finally, in vivo models, such as in situ brain perfusion, should be studied to reduce a large number of drug candidates to a few lead compounds. This article reviews the different methodologies used in the drug discovery and drug development processes to determine the permeation of drug candidates through the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Passeleu-Le Bourdonnec
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Brain-targeted delivery of protein using chitosan- and RVG peptide-conjugated, pluronic-based nano-carrier. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1170-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Development of new peptide vectors for the transport of therapeutic across the blood-brain barrier. Ther Deliv 2012; 1:571-86. [PMID: 22833968 DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the special nature of the endothelial cells of the brain capillaries characterized by tight junctions between cells and a high expression of efflux pumps only allowing the brain access to nutrients necessary for cell survival and function. These properties of the BBB result in the incapacity of small and large therapeutic compounds to reach the brain at therapeutic concentrations. Various strategies are now being developed to enhance the amount and concentration of these compounds in the brain parenchyma. The development of new technologies such as peptide vectors has the potential to achieve the delivery of active agents in therapeutic concentrations across the BBB to treat brain diseases such as brain primary and metastatic cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, the design of new active peptides and development of new peptide vectors for drug brain delivery using physiological approaches will be addressed. A new chemical entity incorporating angiopep peptide in a small anticancer agent (paclitaxel) is now in clinical trials. It is the first of such designed agents to be validated for the treatment of human brain cancers and opens the door for such approaches.
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Mahmoudi M, Azadmanesh K, Shokrgozar MA, Journeay WS, Laurent S. Effect of Nanoparticles on the Cell Life Cycle. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3407-32. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1003166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
| | | | - W. Shane Journeay
- Nanotechnology Toxicology Consulting & Training, Inc., Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medical School, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau, 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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23
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Bidwell GL, Raucher D. Cell penetrating elastin-like polypeptides for therapeutic peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1486-96. [PMID: 20478348 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment of solid tumors is limited by side effects that result from the non-specific delivery of drugs to the tumor site. Alternative targeted therapeutic approaches for localized tumors would significantly reduce systemic toxicity. Peptide therapeutics are a promising new strategy for targeted cancer therapy because of the ease of peptide design and the specificity of peptides for their intracellular molecular targets. However, the utility of peptides is limited by their poor pharmacokinetic parameters and poor tissue and cellular membrane permeability in vivo. This review article summarizes the development of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) as a potential carrier for thermally targeted delivery of therapeutic peptides (TP), and the use of cell penetrating peptides (CPP) to enhance the intracellular delivery of the ELP-fused TPs. CPP-fused ELPs have been used to deliver a peptide inhibitor of c-Myc function and a peptide mimetic of p21 in several cancer models in vitro, and both polypeptides are currently yielding promising results in in vivo models of breast and brain cancer.
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24
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A protein transduction domain located at the NH2-terminus of human translationally controlled tumor protein for delivery of active molecules to cells. Biomaterials 2010; 32:222-30. [PMID: 20863558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein transduction domains (PTDs) are small peptides, able to penetrate biological membranes and deliver various types of cargo both in vitro and in vivo. Because use of PTDs originating from viral origins resulted in undesired effects, PTDs originating from non-viral origins are needed. Here, we report that a 10-amino acid peptide (MIIYRDLISH) derived from the NH(2)-terminus of human translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) functions as a PTD. This peptide was internalized through lipid raft-dependent endocytosis and partial macropinocytosis, and did not enter lysosome and nucleus. Beta-galactosidase fused to TCTP-PTD, when injected into mice, was efficiently delivered to liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lungs of the animals. Preincubation of TCTP-PTD with adenovirus increased adenoviral mediated-gene expression in cells and also improved immune response to intranasally administered adenovirus expressing the triple repeat of G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rAd/3×G. These findings suggest that TCTP-PTD might overcome the limitations of polycation-mediated transduction and serve as an efficient vehicle for drug delivery.
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25
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Bidwell GL, Whittom AA, Thomas E, Lyons D, Hebert MD, Raucher D. A thermally targeted peptide inhibitor of symmetrical dimethylation inhibits cancer-cell proliferation. Peptides 2010; 31:834-41. [PMID: 20167239 PMCID: PMC2872552 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Targeting splicing machinery components is an underdeveloped strategy for cancer therapy. Uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (UsnRNPs) are essential spliceosome components that recognize splice sites in newly transcribed RNA. The major spliceosomal snRNPs are comprised of UsnRNA bound by a ring of Sm proteins. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex provides specificity for binding of Sm proteins to UsnRNAs. Three of the seven proteins that comprise the Sm core possess post-translationally modified C-terminal symmetric dimethylarginine (sDMA) residues which promote binding of these proteins to SMN. Here we describe a peptide inhibitor of sDMA that is capable of interfering with SMN/SmB interaction. The inhibitory peptide was attached to elastin-like polypeptide, a thermally responsive macromolecular carrier, in order to increase its stability and allow enhancement of its cellular uptake by thermal targeting. The fusion polypeptide inhibited the interaction of SMN/SmB, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene L. Bidwell
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Mississippi Medical Center. 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. USA
| | - Angela A. Whittom
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Mississippi Medical Center. 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. USA
| | - Emily Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Mississippi Medical Center. 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. USA
| | - Daniel Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Mississippi Medical Center. 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. USA
| | - Michael D. Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Mississippi Medical Center. 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. USA
| | - Drazen Raucher
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Mississippi Medical Center. 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. USA
- Corresponding Author. Department of Biochemistry. University of Mississippi Medical Center. 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. USA. Phone: 601-984-1510. Fax: 601-984-1501.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lowis
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.
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27
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Bulaj G, Green BR, Lee HK, Robertson CR, White K, Zhang L, Sochanska M, Flynn SP, Scholl EA, Pruess TH, Smith MD, White HS. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of High-Affinity, Systemically-Active Galanin Analogues with Potent Anticonvulsant Activities. J Med Chem 2008; 51:8038-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801088x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Brad R. Green
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Hee-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Charles R. Robertson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Karen White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Liuyin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Marianna Sochanska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Sean P. Flynn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Erika Adkins Scholl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Timothy H. Pruess
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Misty D. Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - H. Steve White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
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Hervé F, Ghinea N, Scherrmann JM. CNS delivery via adsorptive transcytosis. AAPS J 2008; 10:455-72. [PMID: 18726697 PMCID: PMC2761699 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) provides a means for brain delivery of medicines across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is readily equipped for the AMT process: it provides both the potential for binding and uptake of cationic molecules to the luminal surface of endothelial cells, and then for exocytosis at the abluminal surface. The transcytotic pathways present at the BBB and its morphological and enzymatic properties provide the means for movement of the molecules through the endothelial cytoplasm. AMT-based drug delivery to the brain was performed using cationic proteins and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Protein cationization using either synthetic or natural polyamines is discussed and some examples of diamine/polyamine modified proteins that cross BBB are described. Two main families of CPPs belonging to the Tat-derived peptides and Syn-B vectors have been extensively used in CPP vector-mediated strategies allowing delivery of a large variety of small molecules as well as proteins across cell membranes in vitro and the BBB in vivo. CPP strategy suffers from several limitations such as toxicity and immunogenicity--like the cationization strategy--as well as the instability of peptide vectors in biological media. The review concludes by stressing the need to improve the understanding of AMT mechanisms at BBB and the effectiveness of cationized proteins and CPP-vectorized proteins as neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Hervé
- UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UPR2228, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, France.
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Hayashi MA, Nascimento FD, Kerkis A, Oliveira V, Oliveira EB, Pereira A, Rádis-Baptista G, Nader HB, Yamane T, Kerkis I, Tersariol IL. Cytotoxic effects of crotamine are mediated through lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Toxicon 2008; 52:508-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Adenot M, Merida P, Lahana R. Applications of a blood-brain barrier technology platform to predict CNS penetration of various chemotherapeutic agents. 2. Cationic peptide vectors for brain delivery. Chemotherapy 2007; 53:73-6. [PMID: 17202815 DOI: 10.1159/000098422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SynB family peptides conjugated to several drugs have been shown to increase the brain uptake and in vivo activities of these drugs via an adsorptive-mediated transcytosis mechanism. Based on both in vivo and in vitro experimental data, a cell uptake component has been added to our computational model of blood-brain barrier. METHODS In situ brain perfusion, in vitro cell model and a computational cell uptake model have been used to discover brain-penetrating properties of SynB peptides and to screen libraries of new rationally designed peptide vectors suitable for brain drug delivery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Starting from small peptide vectors that enhance the brain transport coefficient, the BBB platform has made it possible to design libraries of peptide vectors with enhanced transport properties.
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Järver P, Langel U. Cell-penetrating peptides—A brief introduction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:260-3. [PMID: 16574060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abulrob A, Sprong H, Van Bergen en Henegouwen P, Stanimirovic D. The blood-brain barrier transmigrating single domain antibody: mechanisms of transport and antigenic epitopes in human brain endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2006; 95:1201-14. [PMID: 16271053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies against receptors that undergo transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been used as vectors to target drugs or therapeutic peptides into the brain. We have recently discovered a novel single domain antibody, FC5, which transmigrates across human cerebral endothelial cells in vitro and the BBB in vivo. The purpose of this study was to characterize mechanisms of FC5 endocytosis and transcytosis across the BBB and its putative receptor on human brain endothelial cells. The transport of FC5 across human brain endothelial cells was polarized, charge independent and temperature dependent, suggesting a receptor-mediated process. FC5 taken up by human brain endothelial cells co-localized with clathrin but not with caveolin-1 by immunochemistry and was detected in clathrin-enriched subcellular fractions by western blot. The transendothelial migration of FC5 was reduced by inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, K+ depletion and chlorpromazine, but was insensitive to caveolae inhibitors, filipin, nystatin or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Following internalization, FC5 was targeted to early endosomes, bypassed late endosomes/lysosomes and remained intact after transcytosis. The transcytosis process was inhibited by agents that affect actin cytoskeleton or intracellular signaling through PI3-kinase. Pretreatment of human brain endothelial cells with wheatgerm agglutinin, sialic acid, alpha(2,3)-neuraminidase or Maackia amurensis agglutinin that recognizes alpha(2,3)-, but not with Sambucus nigra agglutinin that recognizes alpha(2,6) sialylgalactosyl residues, significantly reduced FC5 transcytosis. FC5 failed to recognize brain endothelial cells-derived lipids, suggesting that it binds luminal alpha(2,3)-sialoglycoprotein receptor which triggers clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This putative receptor may be a new target for developing brain-targeting drug delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedelnasser Abulrob
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wittmar M, Ellis JS, Morell F, Unger F, Schumacher JC, Roberts CJ, Tendler SJB, Davies MC, Kissel T. Biophysical and Transfection Studies of an Amine-Modified Poly(vinyl alcohol) for Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 16:1390-8. [PMID: 16287235 DOI: 10.1021/bc0500995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel, multifunctional polymers remain an attractive objective for drug delivery, especially for hydrophilic macromolecular drugs candidates such as peptides, proteins, RNA, and DNA. To facilitate intracellular delivery of DNA, new amine-modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs) were synthesized by a two-step process using carbonyl diimidazole activated diamines to produce PVAs with different degrees of amine substitution. The resulting polymers were characterized using NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gelpermation chromatography (GPC). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and zeta-potential were used to investigate polyplexes of DNA with PVA copolymers. These studies suggest an influence of the polycation structure on the morphology of condensed DNA in polyplexes. Significant differences were observed by changing both the degrees of amine substitution and the structure of the PVA backbone, demonstrating that both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions affect DNA condensation. DNA condensation measured by an ethidium bromide intercalation assay showed a higher degree of condensation with pDNA with increasing degrees of amine substitution and more hydrophobic functional groups. These findings are in line with transfection experiments, in which a good uptake of these polymer DNA complexes was noted, unfortunately, with little endosomal escape. Co-administration of chloroquine resulted in increased endosomal escape and higher transfection efficiencies, due to disruption of the endosomal membrane. In this study, the structural requirements for DNA complexation and condensation were characterized to provide a basis for rational design of nonviral gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wittmar
- Philipps University Marburg, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Otvos L, Cudic M, Chua BY, Deliyannis G, Jackson DC. An insect antibacterial peptide-based drug delivery system. Mol Pharm 2005; 1:220-32. [PMID: 15981925 DOI: 10.1021/mp049974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the short, proline-rich native antibacterial peptides to penetrate bacterial and host cells suggests the utility of these transport systems in delivering peptidic cargo into cells. We studied the uptake of pyrrhocoricin and its most potent dimeric analogue by bacteria as well as human dendritic cells and fibroblasts. Native pyrrhocoricin entered the susceptible organism Escherichia coli very efficiently and the nonsusceptible bacterium Staphylococcus aureus to a significant degree. The antibacterial peptide also penetrated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. It failed, however, to enter fibroblasts, whereas the designer analogue Pip-pyrr-MeArg dimer penetrated all the cell types that were studied. When glucoincretin hormone Glp-1 fragment 7-36 was cosynthesized with the dimer, the antibacterial peptide derivative lost its ability to cross the bacterial membrane layer. In contrast, a chimera of the Pip-pyrr-MeArg dimer and two copies of a shorter (nine residues) class I major histocompatibility complex epitope successfully entered bacterial and mammalian cells. While the Pip-pyrr-MeArg dimer was not immunogenic when inoculated into mice, the chimera elicited a strong cytotoxic T-cell response, indicating the maintenance of the antigenic integrity of the cargo in the peptide conjugate. The chimera when tested for its immunological properties activated human dendritic cells significantly more strongly than any of the two independent fragments alone, yet lacked mammalian cell toxicity. These results confirm the utility of designed pyrrhocoricin analogues for delivery of peptidic cargo across cell membranes in general, and their potential as carriers for epitope-based vaccines in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Pham W, Zhao BQ, Lo EH, Medarova Z, Rosen B, Moore A. Crossing the blood-brain barrier: a potential application of myristoylated polyarginine for in vivo neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2005; 28:287-92. [PMID: 16040255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As basic neurological research continues to reveal novel targets for therapy, the need to deliver therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) becomes increasingly important. If developed, delivery modules would bring targeting molecules across the BBB to their respective active sites. In addition, it would be highly advantageous if the bioavailability of these delivered agents could be monitored over time using non-invasive imaging techniques. Here, we describe a versatile delivery module based on a myristoylated polyarginine backbone, which crosses the BBB. Incorporation of the fatty acid group was achieved using a Schotten-Bauman reaction with quantitative yield, and the peptide was further synthesized by conventional solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). We report for the first time the in vivo distribution of the delivery module over time into mouse brain using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. The fluorescent cargo was detected in vivo from 24-48 h post IV injection and was further characterized in perfused brains. Immunohistochemical staining of excised brain showed that the delivery module primarily accumulated in neurons with occasional localization in astrocytes and endothelial cells. We conclude that this approach can be used for the delivery of imaging probes and potentially targeted therapeutics across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Pham
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, 02129, USA
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Ladner RC, Sato AK, Gorzelany J, de Souza M. Phage display-derived peptides as therapeutic alternatives to antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2004; 9:525-9. [PMID: 15183160 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs are now viable alternatives to biopharmaceuticals, such as antibodies. Most of the past limitations of peptides have been removed by new technologies, so that peptides now face similar hurdles to antibodies. Phage-display technology provides novel peptides that bind protein targets with high affinity and specificity. Most marketed peptide-based drugs are receptor agonists derived from natural peptides. To address the need for antagonists, novel strategies have been developed for inhibiting receptor-ligand interactions. We review results from phage display in finding peptide drug candidates and conclude with some business benefits of developing peptides.
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Temsamani J, Scherrmann JM. Peptide vectors as drug carriers. PEPTIDE TRANSPORT AND DELIVERY INTO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2003; 61:221-38. [PMID: 14674614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8049-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Temsamani
- Synt:em, Parc Scientifique Georges Besse, 30000 Nîmes, France
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