1
|
Buitelaar PLM, de Jong KAM, Aardenburg L, van der Heijden MS, Huitema ADR, Beijnen JH, Rosing H. A multiplex UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of three PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116108. [PMID: 38522382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To support pharmacokinetic studies, a multiplex UPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated to quantify PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab in serum. METHODS A bottom-up sample pre-treatment procedure was developed to determine atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab in serum. This procedure consisted of (1) precipitation of the monoclonal antibody with ammonium sulfate, (2) reduction with dithiothreitol, (3) denaturation with methanol, and (4) tryptic digestion of the protein. The unique signature peptides resulting after sample pre-treatment of the antibodies were measured using UPLC-MS/MS with a total run time of 11 minutes. The clinical application was evaluated by analyzing 114 atezolizumab patient samples. RESULTS The developed method was found to be accurate and precise for all three analytes over a concentration range of 3.00-150 µg/mL. No endogenous interference was present in serum samples. Cross-interference experiments showed no cross-analyte interference and acceptable cross-internal standard interference. In addition, no substantial carry-over was observed. The stable isotopically labeled signature peptides were most effective in compensating for matrix effects. Recovery based on back-calculated concentrations of calibration standards and quality control samples was found to be high. The analytes were stable for at least three freeze-thaw cycles, for 42 hours at processing conditions, for at least two days at 2-8°C in the final extract, for five days before re-injection analysis at 4°C, and long-term for at least 11 months at -70°C. The assay was tested for its applicability in clinical practice. For this purpose, 114 atezolizumab patient samples were measured. CONCLUSION A multiplex UPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated to quantify atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab in human serum. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by the analysis of clinical atezolizumab samples. The method is suitable to support clinical pharmacokinetic studies involving atezolizumab, avelumab, or durvalumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L M Buitelaar
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Karen A M de Jong
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leon Aardenburg
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Woolf MS, Wang CC, Naser SM, Wheeler AM, Mylott WR, Ma E, Rosenbaum AI. Comprehensive performance evaluation of ligand-binding assay-LC-MS/MS method for co-dosed monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (AZD7442). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:149-163. [PMID: 38385904 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: AZD7442 is a combination SARS-CoV-2 therapy comprising two co-dosed monoclonal antibodies. Materials & methods: The authors validated a hybrid ligand-binding assay-LC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic assessment of AZD7442 in human serum with nominal concentration range of each analyte of 0.300-30.0 μg/ml. Results: Validation results met current regulatory acceptance criteria. The validated method supported three clinical trials that spanned more than 17 months and ≥720 analytical runs (∼30,000 samples and ∼3000 incurred sample reanalyses per analyte). The data generated supported multiple health authority interactions, across the globe. AZD7442 (EVUSHELD) was approved in 12 countries for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. Conclusion: The results reported here demonstrate the robust, high-throughput capability of the hybrid ligand-binding assay-LC-MS/MS approach being employed to support-next generation versions of EVUSHELD, AZD3152.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael Shane Woolf
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Sami M Naser
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Aaron M Wheeler
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - William R Mylott
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Eric Ma
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chauhan D, Dadge S, Yadav PK, Sultana N, Agarwal A, Vishwakarma S, Rathaur S, Yadav S, K Chourasia M, Gayen JR. LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous estimation of raloxifene, cladrin in rat plasma: application in pharmacokinetic studies. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:141-153. [PMID: 38197392 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: A newer LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of raloxifene (RL) and cladrin (CL). Methodology: Both drugs were resolved in RP-18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 μ) Xbridge Shield column using acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous solution of formic acid (FA) (70:30% v/v) as mobile phase by using biological matrices in female Sprague-Dawley rats using-MS/MS. Results: The developed method was found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 1-600 ng/ml, and lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/ml for RL and CL, respectively. Pharmacokinetic results of RL+CL showed Cmax = 4.23 ± 0.61, 26.97 ± 1.14 ng/ml, at Tmax(h) 5.5 ± 1.00 and 3.5 ± 1.00, respectively. Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic study results will be useful in the future for the combined delivery of RL and CL for osteoporosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chauhan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Dadge
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pavan K Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Nazneen Sultana
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sachin Vishwakarma
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Shivam Rathaur
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Shubhi Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dhenin J, Lafont V, Dupré M, Krick A, Mauriac C, Chamot-Rooke J. Monitoring mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma using an automated immunocapture combined with top-down and middle-down mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300069. [PMID: 37480175 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have established themselves as the leading biopharmaceutical therapeutic modality. Once the developability of a mAb drug candidate has been assessed, an important step is to check its in vivo stability through pharmacokinetics (PK) studies. The gold standard is ligand-binding assay (LBA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) performed at the peptide level (bottom-up approach). However, these analytical techniques do not allow to address the different mAb proteoforms that can arise from biotransformation. In recent years, top-down and middle-down mass spectrometry approaches have gained popularity to characterize proteins at the proteoform level but are not yet widely used for PK studies. We propose here a workflow based on an automated immunocapture followed by top-down and middle-down liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches to characterize mAb proteoforms spiked in mouse plasma. We demonstrate the applicability of our workflow on a large concentration range using pembrolizumab as a model. We also compare the performance of two state-of-the-art Orbitrap platforms (Tribrid Eclipse and Exploris 480) for these studies. The added value of our workflow for an accurate and sensitive characterization of mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dhenin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- DMPK, Sanofi R&D, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song JG, Baral KC, Kim GL, Park JW, Seo SH, Kim DH, Jung DH, Ifekpolugo NL, Han HK. Quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in biological fluids: recent advancement in analytical techniques. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2183816. [PMID: 36880122 PMCID: PMC10003146 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2183816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical application of therapeutic proteins has been continuously expanded for the treatment of various diseases. Efficient and reliable bioanalytical methods are essential to expedite the identification and successful clinical development of therapeutic proteins. In particular, selective quantitative assays in a high-throughput format are critical for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of protein drugs and to meet the regulatory requirements for new drug approval. However, the inherent complexity of proteins and many interfering substances presented in biological matrices have a great impact on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness of analytical assays, thereby hindering the quantification of proteins. To overcome these issues, various protein assays and sample preparation methods are currently available in a medium- or high-throughput format. While there is no standard or universal approach suitable for all circumstances, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay often becomes a method of choice for the identification and quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in complex biological samples, owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. Accordingly, its application as an essential analytical tool is continuously expanded in pharmaceutical R&D processes. Proper sample preparation is also important since clean samples can minimize the interference from co-existing substances and improve the specificity and sensitivity of LC-MS/MS assays. A combination of different methods can be utilized to improve bioanalytical performance and ensure more accurate quantification. This review provides an overview of various protein assays and sample preparation methods, with particular emphasis on quantitative protein analysis by LC-MS/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Song
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kshitis Chandra Baral
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Gyu-Lin Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Hwa Seo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Jung
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nonye Linda Ifekpolugo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barfield M, Blackburn M, Blattmann P, Ingelse B, Jordan G, Fusetti F, Gnoth MJ, Sporring SH, Love I, Muccio S, de Merbel NV, Wheller R, Wilson A, Timmerman P. Immunocapture LC-MS(/MS) assays for biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins: the European Bioanalysis Forum continuing discussions on scientific and regulatory challenges. Bioanalysis 2023. [PMID: 37318068 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of LC-MS(/MS) assays to quantify (biotherapeutic or biomarker) proteins is commonplace and well accepted across industry. There is a good understanding on the added value over conventional analytical technologies (i.e., ligand-binding assays). In fact, the impact of combining small- and large-molecule technologies for large-molecule analysis has played a significant part in bringing the bioanalytical communities closer together and building a mutual respect and understanding between scientists. This paper from the European Bioanalysis Forum presents a history of the journey and future perspectives for hybrid assays, with focus on the unanswered scientific questions, including regulatory discussions to be had. Hybrid assays are essentially a combination of ligand-binding assays and MS, and the ICH M10 guideline does not address this approach directly. Decision-based acceptance criteria are still being discussed, and the industry should continue to do so.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Barfield
- Roche Innovation Center Welwyn, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL7 1TW, UK
| | - Michael Blackburn
- Quotient Sciences, Bioanalytical Services, Alnwick, Northumberland, NE66 2DH, UK
| | - Peter Blattmann
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Drug Discovery Biology, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Benno Ingelse
- Byondis B.V., Department of Bioanalysis & Protein Interaction, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor Jordan
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioanalytics & Biomarkers, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, 82377, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Fusetti
- Genmab b.v., Bioanalytical Science, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Gnoth
- Bayer AG, DMPK, in vivo PK & bioanalytics, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sune H Sporring
- Novo Nordisk, LCMS Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-3500 Maloev, Denmark
| | - Iain Love
- Department of Chromatographic Bioanalysis, Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Limited, Tranent, East Lothian, EH33 2NE, UK
| | - Stephane Muccio
- Sanofi, Biomarkers & Clinical Bioanalyses (BCB), Translational Medicine & Early Development (TMED), 34184 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rob Wheller
- Resolian, Bioanalytics, Fordham, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Amanda Wilson
- AstraZeneca Discovery Bioanalysis Europe, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Philip Timmerman
- European Bioanalysis Forum, Havenlaan 86c b204, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, Ostafe R, Welch CJ, Verhalen B, Budyak IL, Bruening ML. Rapid Quantitation of Various Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Using Membranes with Fc-Specific Ligands. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37216615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide effective treatments for many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and, lately, COVID-19. Monitoring the concentrations of mAbs is important during their production and subsequent processing. This work demonstrates a 5 min quantitation of most human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies through capture of mAbs in membranes modified with ligands that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. This enables binding and quantitation of most IgG mAbs. Layer-by-layer (LBL) adsorption of carboxylic acid-rich polyelectrolytes in glass-fiber membranes in 96-well plates allows functionalization of the membranes with Protein A or a peptide, oxidized Fc20 (oFc20), with high affinity for the Fc region of human IgG. mAb capture occurs in <1 min during the flow of solutions through modified membranes, and subsequent binding of a fluorophore-labeled secondary antibody enables quantitation of the captured mAbs using fluorescence. The intra- and inter-plate coefficients of variations (CV) are <10 and 15%, respectively, satisfying the acceptance criteria for many assays. The limit of detection (LOD) of 15 ng/mL is on the high end of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) but certainly low enough for monitoring of manufacturing solutions. Importantly, the membrane-based method requires <5 minutes, whereas ELISAs typically take at least 90 min. Membranes functionalized with oFc20 show greater mAb binding and lower LODs than membranes with Protein A. Thus, the membrane-based 96-well-plate assay, which is effective in diluted fermentation broths and in mixtures with cell lysates, is suitable for near-real-time monitoring of the general class of human IgG mAbs during their production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Molecular Evolution, Protein Engineering and Production Facility, Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infection Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher J Welch
- Indiana Consortium for Analytical Science & Engineering (ICASE), 410 W. 10th St., # 1020H, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Brandy Verhalen
- Corteva Agriscience, 8325 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, Iowa 50131, United States
| | - Ivan L Budyak
- Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun B, Liu J, Cai P, Wu J, Liu W, Hu H, Liu L. Aptamer-based sample purification for mass spectrometric quantification of trastuzumab in human serum. Talanta 2023; 257:124349. [PMID: 36827940 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to quantify trastuzumab in human serum using aptamers for sample purification. Trastuzumab was extracted from serum samples using the capture probe based on its aptamer CH1S-3, followed by reduction, alkylation, trypsin digestion, and quantification using LC-MS/MS. Additionally, a unique peptide, FTISADTSK, was employed as a surrogate peptide and quantified, and *FTISADTSK (13C915N-labeled phenylalanine) was used as an internal standard to minimize variability in detection among the samples. The detection range for this method was 0.5-250 μg/mL, with a high correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.99). The intra- and inter-day precision (%CV, the coefficient of variation) of the quality control samples was less than 12.7%, and the accuracy (%bias) was below 8.64%. After optimization and verification, this assay was used to determine trastuzumab levels in clinical human serum samples. The results indicated that the trastuzumab concentrations had an approximate 4-fold difference among ten patients (range: 11.80-41.90 μg/mL). This study provides a novel approach for the accurate and quantitative monitoring of the mAb-trastuzumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pei Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Hankun Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Micro-explore Innovative Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brookhart A, Arora M, McCullagh M, Wilson ID, Plumb RS, Vissers JP, Tanna N. Understanding mobile phase buffer composition and chemical structure effects on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry response. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1696:463966. [PMID: 37054638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phase selection is of critical importance in liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based studies, since it affects retention, chromatographic selectivity, ionization, limits of detection and quantification, and linear dynamic range. Generalized LC-MS mobile phase selection criteria, suitable for a broad class of chemical compounds, do not exist thus far. Here we have performed a large-scale qualitative assessment of the effect of solvent composition used for reversed-phase LC separations on electrospray ionization (ESI) response for 240 small molecular weight drugs, representing various chemical compound classes. Of these 240 analytes 224 were detectable using ESI. The main chemical structural features affecting ESI response were found to all be surface area or surface charge-related. Mobile phase composition was found to be less differentiating, although for some compounds a pH effect was noted. Unsurprisingly, chemical structure was found to be the dominant factor for ESI response for the majority of the investigated analytes, representing about 85% of the replicating detectable complement of the sample data set. A weak correlation between ESI response and structure complexity was observed. Solvents based on isopropanol, and those containing phosphoric or di- and trifluoracetic acids, performed relatively poorly in terms of chromatographic or ESI response, whilst the best performing 'generic' LC solvents were based on methanol, acetonitrile using formic acid and ammonium acetate as buffer components, consistent with current practice in many laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Brookhart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA
| | - Mahika Arora
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA
| | | | - Ian D Wilson
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Millet A, Pescarmona R, Belot A, Machon C, Jamilloux Y, Guitton J. Quantification of canakinumab in human plasma by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123475. [PMID: 36179539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Canakinumab is a fully-human monoclonal immunoglobulin gamma 1 kappa. This interleukin-1β blocker is used for the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases. Various studies have demonstrated the value of therapeutic drug monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in the management of inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantify canakinumab plasmatic concentration using liquid chromatography-high-resolution (Orbitrap®) mass spectrometry. The quantification was based on a bottom-up approach with the analysis of one surrogate peptide after an immunopurification of IgG followed by tryptic proteolysis. Rituximab and cetuximab, both IgG1, were tested as internal standards. Chromatographic separation was performed on a bioZenTM Peptide PS-C18 column. Mass detection was conducted in positive ionization mode with Parallel Reaction Monitoring at a resolution of 70,000. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and matrix effect. Standards ranged from 2.5 to 75 µg/mL. Intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation ranged from 3.7 to 14.7 %, and accuracy from 97.4 to 104.1 %. This method allowed the determination of canakinumab plasmatic concentrations from eight treated patients. This method is efficient and suitable for routine use in therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Millet
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Rémi Pescarmona
- Immunology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon Immunopathology FEderation (LIFE), Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy ISPBL, University Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- Lyon Immunopathology FEderation (LIFE), Lyon, France; Internal Medicine, Hôpital de La Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy ISPBL, University of Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meng L, Chan EW, Ng C, Aimi J, Tran JC, Oh AJ, Merchant M, Purkey HE, Heffron TP, Kaur S, Xu K, Shi Z, He J. Assessment of KRAS G12C Target Engagement by a Covalent Inhibitor in Tumor Biopsies Using an Ultra-Sensitive Immunoaffinity 2D-LC-MS/MS Approach. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12927-12933. [PMID: 36083155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, with KRAS G12C recently becoming an actionable target for small molecule intervention. GDC-6036 is an investigational KRAS G12C inhibitor that acts by irreversibly binding to the switch II pocket of KRAS G12C when in the inactive GDP-bound state, thereby blocking GTP binding and activation. Assessing target engagement is an essential component of clinical drug development, helping to demonstrate mechanistic activity, guide dose selection, understand pharmacodynamics as it relates to clinical response, and explore resistance. Here, we report the development of an ultra-sensitive approach for assessing KRAS G12C engagement. Immunoaffinity enrichment with a commercially available anti-RAS antibody was combined with a targeted 2D-LC-MS/MS technique to quantify both free and GDC-6036-bound KRAS G12C proteins. A KRAS G12C-positive non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model was dosed with GDC-6036 to assess the feasibility of this assay for analyzing small core needle biopsies. As predicted, dose-dependent KRAS G12C engagement was observed. To date, a sensitivity of 0.08 fmol/μg of total protein has been achieved for both free and GDC-6036-bound KRAS G12C with as little as 4 μg of total protein extracted from human tumor samples. This sub-fmol/μg level of sensitivity provides a powerful potential approach to assess covalent inhibitor target engagement at the site of action using core needle tumor biopsies from clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Meng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily W Chan
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Junko Aimi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Angela J Oh
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans E Purkey
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Timothy P Heffron
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhen Shi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mecarelli E, Aigotti R, Asteggiano A, Giacobini P, Chasles M, Tillet Y, Dal Bello F, Medana C. Quantitation of endogenous GnRH by validated nano-HPLC-HRMS method: a pilot study on ewe plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7623-7634. [PMID: 36063171 PMCID: PMC9587114 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone isoform I (GnRH), a neuro-deca-peptide, plays a fundamental role in development and maintenance of the reproductive system in vertebrates. The anomalous release of GnRH is observed in reproductive disorder such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or following prenatal exposure to elevated androgen levels. Quantitation of GnRH plasma levels could help to diagnose and better understand these pathologies. Here, a validated nano-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) method to quantify GnRH in ewe plasma samples is presented. Protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction (SPE) pre-treatment steps were required to purify and enrich GnRH and internal standard (lamprey-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-III, l-LHRH-III). For the validation process, a surrogate matrix approach was chosen following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) and FDA guidelines. Before the validation study, the validation model using the surrogate matrix was compared with those using a real matrix such as human plasma. All the tested parameters were analogous confirming the use of the surrogate matrix as a standard calibration medium. From the validation study, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values of 0.008 and 0.024 ng/mL were obtained, respectively. Selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and matrix effect were assessed with quality control samples in human plasma and all values were acceptable. Sixteen samples belonging to healthy and prenatal androgen (PNA) exposed ewes were collected and analyzed, and the GnRH levels ranged between 0.05 and 3.26 ng/mL. The nano-HPLC-HRMS developed here was successful in measuring GnRH, representing therefore a suitable technique to quantify GnRH in ewe plasma and to detect it in other matrices and species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Mecarelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aigotti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Asteggiano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm UMR-S1172, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Manon Chasles
- University of Tours, IFCE, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Tillet
- University of Tours, IFCE, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alam MT, Mujtaba MA, Hussain A, Ali A, Imran M, Barkat MA, Abdel-Gawad SA. Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Technique to Quantify Cefdinir in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 61:366-374. [PMID: 35817401 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A biosensitive analysis method development and validation was performed for accurate and rapid quantification of cefdinir (CDR) in human plasma by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique coupled with electrospray ionization. Analysis was carried out using a C18 column with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and operating temperature of 30.0 ± 1°C. The drug was eluted by optimizing the m/z ratios of 396.20 → 227.20 and 428.17 → 241.10, for cefdinir and IS (internal standard), respectively. The intraday precision (%CV) for Cefdinir ranged from 2.8% and 6.7% as lower limit of quantification of quality control (LLOQ QC) and higher level of quantification of quality control (HQC QC), respectively, whereas these value were found to be as 3.0% and 5.6% for LLOQ and HQC, respectively after interday precision. Moreover, accuracy ranged from 107.70% (HQC QC) to 95.5% (LLOQ QC). The extraction mean recovery was found to be 83.91 ± 6.0% for cefdinir and 76.7 ± 6.23% for IS. The drug was stable throughout the analysis period. It was possible to analyze several plasma samples every day since each sample took <2.5 min to run. The method demonstrated successful quantification of CDR in human plasma, followed by pharmacokinetic profiles that were simple, accurate, sensitive and cost-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Tauquir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A Abdel-Gawad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo ET-11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fernández-Metzler C, Ackermann B, Garofolo F, Arnold ME, DeSilva B, Gu H, Laterza O, Mao Y, Rose M, Vazvaei-Smith F, Steenwyk R. Biomarker Assay Validation by Mass Spectrometry. AAPS J 2022; 24:66. [PMID: 35534647 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of discussion and publication have gone into the guidance from the scientific community and the regulatory agencies on the use and validation of pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic assays by chromatographic and ligand binding assays for the measurement of drugs and metabolites. These assay validations are well described in the FDA Guidance on Bioanalytical Methods Validation (BMV, 2018). While the BMV included biomarker assay validation, the focus was on understanding the challenges posed in validating biomarker assays and the importance of having reliable biomarker assays when used for regulatory submissions, rather than definition of the appropriate experiments to be performed. Different from PK bioanalysis, analysis of biomarkers can be challenging due to the presence of target analyte(s) in the control matrices used for calibrator and quality control sample preparation, and greater difficulty in procuring appropriate reference standards representative of the endogenous molecule. Several papers have been published offering recommendations for biomarker assay validation. The situational nature of biomarker applications necessitates fit-for-purpose (FFP) assay validation. A unifying theme for FFP analysis is that method validation requirements be consistent with the proposed context of use (COU) for any given biomarker. This communication provides specific recommendations for biomarker assay validation (BAV) by LC-MS, for both small and large molecule biomarkers. The consensus recommendations include creation of a validation plan that contains definition of the COU of the assay, use of the PK assay validation elements that support the COU, and definition of assay validation elements adapted to fit biomarker assays and the acceptance criteria for both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad Ackermann
- Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Fabio Garofolo
- BRI - a Frontage Company, 8898 Heather St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6P 3S8, Canada
| | - Mark E Arnold
- Labcorp Drug Development, 221 Tulip Tree Drive, Westampton, NJ, 08060-5511, USA
| | - Binodh DeSilva
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Huidong Gu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Omar Laterza
- Merck and Co Inc., 90 E Scott Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Yan Mao
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Mark Rose
- Gossamer Bio Inc., 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Rick Steenwyk
- Pfizer-Retired, 8739 N Homestead Circle, Irons, MI, 49644, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
2021 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Mass Spec of Proteins, Extracellular Vesicles, CRISPR, Chiral Assays, Oligos; Nanomedicines Bioanalysis; ICH M10 Section 7.1; Non-Liquid & Rare Matrices; Regulatory Inputs ( Part 1A - Recommendations on Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC & Part 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine). Bioanalysis 2022; 14:505-580. [PMID: 35578993 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The 15th edition of the Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (15th WRIB) was held on 27 September to 1 October 2021. Even with a last-minute move from in-person to virtual, an overwhelmingly high number of nearly 900 professionals representing pharma and biotech companies, contract research organizations (CROs), and multiple regulatory agencies still eagerly convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 15th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on biomarker assay development and validation (BAV) (focused on clarifying the confusion created by the increased use of the term "Context of Use - COU"); mass spectrometry of proteins (therapeutic, biomarker and transgene); state-of-the-art cytometry innovation and validation; and, critical reagent and positive control generation were the special features of the 15th edition. This 2021 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2021 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 1A) covers the recommendations on Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC. Part 1B covers the Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine. Part 2 (ISR for Biomarkers, Liquid Biopsies, Spectral Cytometry, Inhalation/Oral & Multispecific Biotherapeutics, Accuracy/LLOQ for Flow Cytometry) and Part 3 (TAb/NAb, Viral Vector CDx, Shedding Assays; CRISPR/Cas9 & CAR-T Immunogenicity; PCR & Vaccine Assay Performance; ADA Assay Comparabil ity & Cut Point Appropriateness) are published in volume 14 of Bioanalysis, issues 10 and 11 (2022), respectively.
Collapse
|
16
|
Comparison Study on Sonodirect and Sonoalternate Current Electrocoagulation Process for Domestic Wastewater Treatment. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:3477995. [PMID: 35340980 PMCID: PMC8942696 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3477995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a problem related to wastewater handling which is released from different activities. The electrocoagulation method has been a dominant treatment method for wastewater treatment. There are different forms of electrocoagulation methods for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, there was no comparison made for the removal efficiency of the sonoalternate current (SAC), alternate current (AC), sonodirect current (SDC), and direct current (DC) electrocoagulation process. The efficiency of electrocoagulation methods was compared for their removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from Jimma University domestic wastewater. Batch Reactor DC/AC electrocoagulation cell was used to determine the removal efficiency. During the comparison, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze and optimize the data taken from the laboratory. Besides, ANOVA was used to analyze the interaction effects of different parameters. The removal of COD from domestic wastewater was achieved with DCE, ACE, SDCE, and SACE which were 82.6%, 86.58%, 88.6%, and 92.5%, respectively, under optimal experimental conditions. From the finding, SACE was more successful at removing % COD than the DCE, ACE, and SDCE methods. For DCE and SDCE, the formation of an impermeable oxide layer at the cathode and the occurrence of corrosion at the anode due to oxidation made the COD removal process less efficient compared with SACE processes. From the experimental results it can be concluded that the SACE has the lowest power consumption and higher process efficiency than the other EC methods and can be a promising solution for removing pollutants from domestic wastewater.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tang L, Swezey RR, Green CE, Mirsalis JC. Enhancement of sensitivity and quantification quality in the LC-MS/MS measurement of large biomolecules with sum of MRM (SMRM). Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1933-1947. [PMID: 34997251 PMCID: PMC8804067 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides a simple and efficient means for the measurement of analytes in biological matrices with high selectivity and specificity. LC-MS/MS plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry and biomedical research, but it requires analytes to be in an ionized form in order to be detected. This can pose a challenge for large molecules such as proteins and peptides, because they can exist in multiple charged forms, and this will reduce the total analyte signal by distributing it into multiple ion peaks with a different number of charges in a mass spectrum. In conventional LC-MS/MS analysis of such macromolecules, one charged form is selected as the precursor ion which is then fragmented by collision-induced dissociation (CID) in MS/MS to generate product ions, a process referred to as multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). The MRM method minimizes interference from endogenous molecules within biological matrices that share the same molecular weight of the precursor ion, but at the expense of signal intensity as compared to precursor ion intensity. We describe here an approach to boost detection sensitivity and expand dynamic range in the quantitation of large molecules while maintaining analytical specificity using summation of MRM (SMRM) transitions and LC separation technique. Protein image from PDB-101 (PDB101.rscb.org).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Corresponding author at: SRI Biosciences, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen N, Sun K, Chemuturi NV, Cho H, Xia CQ. The Perspective of DMPK on Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Gene Therapy: Past Learning, Current Support, and Future Contribution. AAPS J 2022; 24:31. [PMID: 35102450 PMCID: PMC8817103 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the recent success of gene therapy modalities and the growing number of cell and gene-based therapies in clinical development across many different therapeutic areas, it is evident that this evolving field holds great promise for the unmet medical needs of patients. The recent approvals of Luxturna® and Zolgensma® prove that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene therapy is a transformative modality that enables curative treatment for genetic disorders. Over the last decade, Takeda has accumulated significant experience with rAAV-based gene therapies, especially in the early stage of development. In this review, based on the learnings from Takeda and publicly available information, we aim to provide a guiding perspective on Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) substantial role in advancing therapeutic gene therapy modalities from nonclinical research to clinical development, in particular the characterization of gene therapy product biodistribution, elimination (shedding), immunogenicity assessment, multiple platform bioanalytical assays, and first-in-human (FIH) dose projection strategies. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Chen
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
| | - Kefeng Sun
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Nagendra Venkata Chemuturi
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Hyelim Cho
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Cindy Q Xia
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lefebvre D, Fenaille F, Merda D, Blanco-Valle K, Feraudet-Tarisse C, Simon S, Hennekinne JA, Nia Y, Becher F. Top-Down Mass Spectrometry for Trace Level Quantification of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Variants. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:547-556. [PMID: 34968056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We addressed here the need for improved sensitivity of top-down mass spectrometry for identification, differentiation, and absolute quantification of sequence variants of SEA, a bacterial toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus and regularly involved in food poisoning outbreaks (FPO). We combined immunoaffinity enrichment, a protein internal standard, and optimized acquisition conditions, either by full-scan high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) or multiplex parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. Deconvolution of full-scan HRMS signal and PRM detection of variant-specific fragment ions allowed confident identification of each SEA variant. Summing the PRM signal of variant-common fragment ions was most efficient for absolute quantification, illustrated by a sensitivity down to 2.5 ng/mL and an assay variability below 15%. Additionally, we showed that relative PRM fragment ion abundances constituted a supplementary specificity criterion in top-down quantification. The top-down method was successfully evaluated on a panel of enterotoxin-producing strains isolated during FPO, in parallel to the conventional whole genome sequencing, ELISA, and bottom-up mass spectrometry methods. Top-down provided at the same time correct identification of the SEA variants produced and precise determination of the toxin level. The raw files generated in this study can be found on PASSEL (Peptide Atlas) under data set identifier PASS01710.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Lefebvre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Déborah Merda
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kevin Blanco-Valle
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Feraudet-Tarisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Becher
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in patients with connective tissue diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1795-1805. [PMID: 34743268 PMCID: PMC8572531 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine has attracted attention in the treatment of COVID-19. Many conflicting findings have been reported regarding the efficacy and safety of this drug, which has been used safely in the rheumatological diseases for years. However, these studies lacked measurement methods that allow accurate assessment of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolite levels. The aim of this study was to measure hydroxychloroquine and its metabolite levels in whole blood samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) and scleroderma (Scl) by a robust, simple and accurate validated tandem mass spectrometric method, and to investigate the relationship between these levels with drug-related adverse effects and disease activity scores. The validated LC–MS/MS method was applied to measure blood hydroxychloroquine and its metabolite levels of patients with RA, SLE, SS, Scl. Various haematological and biochemical parameters were measured with Beckman-Coulter AU 5800 and Beckman Coulter LH 780 analyzers, respectively. QTc intervals were calculated with Bazett’s formula, and the patients were followed up by clinicians in terms of clinical findings and adverse effects. Hydroxychloroquine levels of patients were similar to previous studies. There was a negative correlation between disease activity scores and hydroxychloroquine levels, while the highest correlation was between QTc interval, creatinine and GFR levels with desethylchloroquine. Bidetylchloroquine had the highest correlation with RBC count and liver function tests. Our findings showed that hydroxychloroquine and its metabolite levels were associated with disease activity scores, renal, hepatic function, QTc prolongation, and hematological parameters.
Collapse
|
21
|
Radicioni G, Ceppe A, Ford AA, Alexis NE, Barr RG, Bleecker ER, Christenson SA, Cooper CB, Han MK, Hansel NN, Hastie AT, Hoffman EA, Kanner RE, Martinez FJ, Ozkan E, Paine R, Woodruff PG, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC, Kesimer M. Airway mucin MUC5AC and MUC5B concentrations and the initiation and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2021; 9:1241-1254. [PMID: 34058148 PMCID: PMC8570975 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously described the contributions of increased total airway mucin concentrations to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the chronic bronchitic component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we investigated the relative contribution of each of the major airway gel-forming mucins, MUC5AC and MUC5B, to the initiation, progression, and early diagnosis of airways disease in COPD. METHODS SPIROMICS was a multicentre, observational study in patients aged 40-80 years recruited from six clinical sites and additional subsites in the USA. In this analysis, MUC5AC and MUC5B were quantitated by stable isotope-labelled mass spectrometry in induced sputum samples from healthy never-smokers, ever-smokers at risk for COPD, and ever-smokers with COPD. Participants were extensively characterised using results from questionnaires, such as the COPD assessment test (CAT) and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; quantitative CT, such as residual volume/total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC) and parametric response mapping-functional small airway disease (PRM-fSAD); and pulmonary function tests, such as FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow, midexpiratory phase (FEF25-75%). Absolute concentrations of both MUC5AC and MUC5B were related to cross-sectional (baseline, initial visit) and 3-year follow-up longitudinal data, including lung function, small airways obstruction, prospective acute exacerbations, and smoking status as primary outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01969344). FINDINGS This analysis included 331 participants (mean age 63 years [SEM 9·40]), of whom 40 were healthy never-smokers, 90 were at-risk ever-smokers, and 201 were ever-smokers with COPD. Increased MUC5AC concentrations were more reliably associated with manifestations of COPD than were MUC5B concentrations, including decreased FEV1 and FEF25-75%, and increased prospective exacerbation frequency, RV/TLC, PRM-fSAD, and COPD assessment scores. MUC5AC concentrations were more reactive to cigarette smoke exposure than were MUC5B concentrations. Longitudinal data from 3-year follow-up visits generated a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for two or more exacerbations of 1·24 (95% CI 1·04-1·47, p=0·015) for individuals with high baseline MUC5AC concentration. Increased MUC5AC, but not MUC5B, concentration at baseline was a significant predictor of FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, and CAT score decline during the 3-year follow-up. Moreover, current smokers in the at-risk group showed raised MUC5AC concentrations at initial visits and decreased lung function over 3 years. By contrast, former smokers in the at-risk group showed normal MUC5AC concentrations at the initial visit and preserved lung function over 3 years. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that increased MUC5AC concentration in the airways might contribute to COPD initiation, progression, exacerbation risk, and overall pathogenesis. Compared with MUC5B, greater relative changes in MUC5AC concentrations were observed as a function of COPD severity, and MUC5AC concentration seems to be an objective biomarker to detect disease in at-risk and pre-COPD individuals. These data suggest that MUC5AC-producing pathways could be potential targets for future therapeutic strategies. Thus, MUC5AC could be a novel biomarker for COPD prognosis and for testing the efficacy of therapeutic agents. FUNDING National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Radicioni
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Agathe Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amina A Ford
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Francisco Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, Division of Physiologic Imaging, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Esin Ozkan
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Francisco Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Recommendations and discussion points on immunogenicity, biomarkers, automation/technology and protein-MS from the 2021 European Bioanalysis Forum Focus Workshops. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1459-1465. [PMID: 34605275 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first half of 2021, and due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic preventing in-person meetings, the European Bioanalysis Forum organized four workshops as live interactive online meetings. The themes discussed at the workshops were carefully selected to match the cyberspace dynamics of the meeting format. The first workshop was a training day on challenges related to immunogenicity. The second one focused on biomarkers and continued the important discussion on integrating the principles of Context of Use (CoU) in biomarker research. The third workshop was dedicated to technology, that is, cutting-edge development in cell-based and ligand-binding assays and automation strategies. The fourth was on progress and the continued scientific and regulatory challenges related to peptide and protein analysis with MS. In all four workshops, the European Bioanalysis Forum included a mixture of scientific and regulatory themes, while reminding the audience of important strategic aspects and our responsibility toward the patient.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhong X, Nayak S, Guo L, Raidas S, Zhao Y, Weiss R, Andisik M, Elango C, Sumner G, Irvin SC, Partridge MA, Yan H, E SY, Qiu H, Mao Y, Torri A, Li N. Liquid Chromatography-Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry Assay for Quantitative Measurement of Therapeutic Antibody Cocktail REGEN-COV Concentrations in COVID-19 Patient Serum. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12889-12898. [PMID: 34463470 PMCID: PMC8425334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REGEN-COV is a cocktail of two human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (REGN10933 + REGN10987) that targets severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and has shown great promise to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients enrolled in clinical studies. A liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS)-based method, combined with trypsin and rAspN dual enzymatic digestion, was developed for the determination of total REGN10933 and total REGN10987 concentrations in several hundreds of pharmacokinetic (PK) serum samples from COVID-19 patients participating in phase I, II, and III clinical studies. The performance characteristics of this bioanalytical assay were evaluated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, specificity, and analyte stability before and after enzymatic digestion. The developed LC-MRM-MS assay has a dynamic range from 10 to 2000 μg/mL antibody drug in the human serum matrix, which was able to cover the serum drug concentration from day 0 to day 28 after drug administration in two-dose groups for the clinical PK study of REGEN-COV. The concentrations of REGEN-COV in the two-dose groups measured by the LC-MRM-MS assay were comparable to the concentrations measured by a fully validated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhong
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Shruti Nayak
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Lili Guo
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Shivkumar Raidas
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Rachel Weiss
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Matthew Andisik
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Chinnasamy Elango
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Giane Sumner
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Susan C. Irvin
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Michael A. Partridge
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Hong Yan
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Sook Yen E
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Yuan Mao
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Albert Torri
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Structure-Indicated LC-MS/MS Bioanalysis of Therapeutic Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2313:187-205. [PMID: 34478139 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1450-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies bind to Protein A/G resin with 100 nm-diameter pores, which orients the Fab toward the reaction solution. Then, they can be proteolyzed using trypsin immobilized on the surface of 200 nm-diameter nanoparticles. The difference between the two particle diameters allows Fab-selective proteolysis by limiting trypsin access to the antibody substrate. The specific signature peptide of monoclonal antibody is collected, which comprises the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). Excess trypsin protease and peptide fragments from common sequences in Fc that inhibit the analysis can then be separated and removed. The resulting peptide samples are separated through high performance liquid chromatography on a 20 nm-diameter pore-size reversed-phase C18 column. These are then sequentially ionized with an electrospray interface and subjected to mass spectrometry (MS). In MS, peptide ions are trapped and fragment ions are generated by the collision-induced dissociation with argon gas. These are detected with multiple reaction monitoring measurements to perform a highly sensitive and accurate quantitative analysis.By focusing on various physicochemical features at each analytical scene, such as characteristic structure and orientation of antibody, control of trypsin reaction field, carry-over on HPLC column, ionization suppression effect from endogenous proteins, and detection of amino acid sequence specificity of antibody, we optimized the overall conditions from the sample processing up to MS detection and developed analytical validation and clinical application of many therapeutic antibodies using our Fab-selective proteolysis technology that is based on the structure-indicated approach.
Collapse
|
25
|
Maitland ML, Sachdev JC, Sharma MR, Moreno V, Boni V, Kummar S, Stringer-Reasor E, Lakhani N, Moreau AR, Xuan D, Li R, Powell EL, Jackson-Fisher A, Bowers M, Alekar S, Xin X, Tolcher AW, Calvo E. First-in-Human Study of PF-06647020 (Cofetuzumab Pelidotin), an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7, in Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4511-4520. [PMID: 34083232 PMCID: PMC9401513 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of the protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7)-targeted, auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) PF-06647020/cofetuzumab pelidotin (NCT02222922). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received PF-06647020 intravenously every 3 weeks at 0.2-3.7 mg/kg or every 2 weeks at 2.1-3.2 mg/kg, in sequential dose escalation, following a modified toxicity probability interval method. In dose expansion, pretreated patients with advanced, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) received PF-06647020 2.8 mg/kg every 3 weeks. RESULTS The most common, treatment-related adverse events for PF-06647020 administered every 3 weeks were nausea, alopecia, fatigue, headache, neutropenia, and vomiting (45%-25%); 25% of patients had grade ≥ 3 neutropenia. Two patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (grade 3 headache and fatigue) at the highest every 3 weeks dose evaluated. The recommended phase II dose was 2.8 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The overall safety profile observed with PF-06647020 administered every 2 weeks was similar to that of the every 3 weeks regimen. Systemic exposure for the ADC and total antibody generally increased in a dose-proportional manner. Antitumor activity was observed in treated patients with overall objective response rates of 27% in ovarian cancer (n = 63), 19% in NSCLC (n = 31), and 21% in TNBC (n = 29). Responders tended to have moderate or high PTK7 tumor expression by IHC. CONCLUSIONS This PTK7-targeted ADC demonstrated therapeutic activity in previously treated patients with ovarian cancer, NSCLC, and TNBC at a dose range of 2.1-3.2 mg/kg, supporting further clinical evaluation to refine dose, schedule, and predictive tissue biomarker testing in patients with advanced malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Maitland
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute and Center for Personalized Health, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Fairfax, Virginia.
| | | | | | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Boni
- START Madrid-CIOCC, HM Hospital Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shivaani Kummar
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Ray Li
- Pfizer, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-CIOCC, HM Hospital Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kellie JF, Tran JC, Jian W, Jones B, Mehl JT, Ge Y, Henion J, Bateman KP. Intact Protein Mass Spectrometry for Therapeutic Protein Quantitation, Pharmacokinetics, and Biotransformation in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: An Industry Perspective. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1886-1900. [PMID: 32869982 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in immunocapture methods and mass spectrometer technology have enabled intact protein mass spectrometry to be applied for the characterization of antibodies and other large biotherapeutics from in-life studies. Protein molecules have not been traditionally studied by intact mass or screened for catabolites in the same manner as small molecules, but the landscape has changed. Researchers have presented methods that can be applied to the drug discovery and development stages, and others are exploring the possibilities of the new approaches. However, a wide variety of options for assay development exists without clear recommendation on best practice, and data processing workflows may have limitations depending on the vendor. In this perspective, we share experiences and recommendations for current and future application of mass spectrometry for biotherapeutic molecule monitoring from preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Kellie
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Biochemical & Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenying Jian
- DMPK, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Barry Jones
- Q Squared Solutions, 19 Brown Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - John T Mehl
- Bioanalytical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Chemistry, Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jack Henion
- Advion, Inc., 61 Brown Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- PPDM, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao Y, Chen Z, Yang C, Zhong D. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantification of an anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody in cynomolgus monkey serum. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:472-479. [PMID: 34513123 PMCID: PMC8424367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has gradually become a promising alternative to ligand binding assay for the bioanalysis of biotherapeutic molecules, due to its rapid method development and high accuracy. In this study, we established a new LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody (SHR-1222) in cynomolgus monkey serum, and compared it to a previous electrochemiluminescence method. The antibody was quantified by detecting the surrogate peptide obtained by trypsin digestion. The surrogate peptide was carefully selected by investigating its uniqueness, stability and MS response. The quantitative range of the proposed method was 2.00-500 μg/mL, and this verified method was successfully applied to the toxicokinetic assessment of SHR-1222 in cynomolgus monkey serum. It was found that the concentrations of SHR-1222 in cynomolgus monkeys displayed an excellent agreement between the LC-MS/MS and electrochemiluminescence methods (ratios of drug exposure, 0.8-1.0). Notably, two monkeys in the 60 mg/kg dose group had abnormal profiles with a low detection value of SHR-1222 in their individual sample. Combining the high-level anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in these samples and the consistent quantitative results of the two methods, we found that the decreased concentration of SHR-1222 was due to the accelerated clearance mediated by ADAs rather than the interference of ADAs to the detection platform. Taken together, we successfully developed an accurate, efficient and cost-effective LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of SHR-1222 in serum samples, which could serve as a powerful tool to improve the preclinical development of antibody drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changyong Yang
- Preclinical Department, Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222047, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nkwonta CG, O’Neill M, Rahman N, Moloney M, Forrestal PJ, Hogan SA, Richards KG, Cummins E, Danaher M. Development of One-Step Non-Solvent Extraction and Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Assessment of N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) and N-(n-Butyl) Phosphoric Triamide (NBPTo) in Milk. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102890. [PMID: 34068145 PMCID: PMC8153019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is a urease inhibitor utilised in urea-based fertilizers. In Ireland, fertilizer treated with NBPT is applied to pasture to mitigate both ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, but concerns arise as to the potential for residues in milk products. A quick ultrafiltration extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry triple quadrupole (UHPLC-MS/MS) quantitation method was developed and validated in this study. The method was applied in the analysis of samples collected from a field study investigating potential transfer of NBPT residues into milk. NBPT and NBPTo residues, were extracted from fortified milk samples and analysed on a UHPLC-MS/MS with recoveries ranging from 74 to 114%. Validation of the UHPLC-MS/MS method at low (0.0020 mg kg−1) and high (0.0250 mg kg−1) concentration levels in line with SANTE/12682/2019 showed overall trueness in the range of 99 to 104% and precision between 1 and 10%, RSD for both compounds. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.0020 mg kg−1 and other tested parameters (linearity, sensitivity, specificity, matrix effect, robustness, etc.) satisfied acceptance criteria. Stability assessment using spiked samples revealed the compounds were stable in raw and pasteurised milk for 4 weeks at –80 °C storage temperature. Maintaining samples at pH 8.5–9.0 further improved stability. Analysis of 516 milk samples from the field study found that NBPT and NBPTo concentrations were below the LOQ of 0.0020 mg kg−1, thus suggesting very low risk of residues occurring in the milk. The method developed is quick, robust, and sensitive. The method is deemed fit-for-purpose for the simultaneous determination of NBPT and NBPTo in milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikere G. Nkwonta
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8059974
| | - Macdara O’Neill
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Niharika Rahman
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Mary Moloney
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Patrick J. Forrestal
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Sean A. Hogan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Karl G. Richards
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Enda Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Belfield, Ireland;
| | - Martin Danaher
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shi J, Chen X, Diao J, Jiang L, Li L, Li S, Liang W, Jin X, Wang Y, Wong C, Zhang XT, Tse FLS. Bioanalysis in the Age of New Drug Modalities. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:64. [PMID: 33942188 PMCID: PMC8093172 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of regulatory guidelines for the bioanalysis of new drug modalities, many of which contain multiple functional domains, bioanalytical strategies have been carefully designed to characterize the intact drug and each functional domain in terms of quantity, functionality, biotransformation, and immunogenicity. The present review focuses on the bioanalytical challenges and considerations for RNA-based drugs, bispecific antibodies and multi-domain protein therapeutics, prodrugs, gene and cell therapies, and fusion proteins. Methods ranging from the conventional ligand binding assays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays to quantitative polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry often used for oligonucleotides and cell and gene therapies are discussed. Best practices for method selection and validation are proposed as well as a future perspective to address the bioanalytical needs of complex modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China.
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Jianbo Diao
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Liying Jiang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Lan Li
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Stephen Li
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Wenzhong Liang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Colton Wong
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Xiaolong Tom Zhang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Francis L S Tse
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lefebvre D, Blanco-Valle K, Feraudet-Tarisse C, Merda D, Simon S, Fenaille F, Hennekinne JA, Nia Y, Becher F. Quantitative Determination of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins Types A to I and Variants in Dairy Food Products by Multiplex Immuno-LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2603-2610. [PMID: 33596646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are responsible for frequent food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. Specific identification of SEs is crucial for confirmation of food poisoning, tracking of the incriminated foods or food ingredients, and removal from the food chain. Here, we report on a new food testing protocol addressing the challenge of low abundance of SEs in contaminated food and high sequence heterogeneity. Multiplex ability of targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry was succesfully applied to the simultaneous and quantitative determination of the eight most frequent SEs including sequence variants. In this aim, between three and eight proteotypic peptides of each SE were selected by carefully considering amino acid variations within each type, and sequence homology between types. Quantification of trace levels of SEs directly in food samples was reached by immunoaffinity enrichment and optimized analytical conditions. The assay was validated in dairy food products with a lower limit of quantification down to 0.1 ng/g (in milk), and quantification of SEs was successfully demonstrated in real-life samples collected during staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks. Importantly, the ability of the method to detect diverse sequence variants was also illustrated. By enabling for the first time the simultaneous quantification of the eight most frequent SEs, the new mass spectrometry-based assay would facilitate the laboratory confirmation of positive samples in situation of food poisoning outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Lefebvre
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kevin Blanco-Valle
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Feraudet-Tarisse
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Déborah Merda
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Becher
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bioanalysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibody by peptide adsorption-controlled LC-MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:265-276. [PMID: 33543661 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to develop an easy, low-cost and versatile mass spectrometric method for the bioanalysis of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) in human serum that employs peptide adsorption-controlled (PAC)-LC/MS using selected reaction monitoring mode (LC-MS/MS-SRM). Materials & methods: Rituximab was used as a model mAb. To apply the method to human serum samples, a peptide of the complementarity-determining region was selected as the surrogate peptide. The usefulness of PAC-LC-MS/MS-SRM was evaluated by a collaborative study. Results: The calibration curve ranged from 0.5 (or 1.0) to 1000.0 μg/ml. The selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision met the predefined acceptance criteria. Conclusion: Our method could be a useful bioanalytical method for the quantification of mAbs in clinical samples.
Collapse
|
32
|
Marcovina SM, Clouet-Foraison N, Koschinsky ML, Lowenthal MS, Orquillas A, Boffa MB, Hoofnagle AN, Vaisar T. Development of an LC-MS/MS Proposed Candidate Reference Method for the Standardization of Analytical Methods to Measure Lipoprotein(a). Clin Chem 2021; 67:490-499. [PMID: 33517366 PMCID: PMC7935757 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of lipoprotein(a) concentrations for identification of individuals at high risk of cardiovascular diseases is hampered by the size polymorphism of apolipoprotein(a), which strongly impacts immunochemical methods, resulting in discordant values. The availability of a reference method with accurate values expressed in SI units is essential for implementing a strategy for assay standardization. METHOD A targeted LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of apolipoprotein(a) was developed based on selected proteotypic peptides quantified by isotope dilution. To achieve accurate measurements, a reference material constituted of a human recombinant apolipoprotein(a) was used for calibration. Its concentration was assigned using an amino acid analysis reference method directly traceable to SI units through an unbroken traceability chain. Digestion time-course, repeatability, intermediate precision, parallelism, and comparability to the designated gold standard method for lipoprotein(a) quantification, a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA, were assessed. RESULTS A digestion protocol providing comparable kinetics of digestion was established, robust quantification peptides were selected, and their stability was ascertained. Method intermediate imprecision was below 10% and linearity was validated in the 20-400 nmol/L range. Parallelism of responses and equivalency between the recombinant and endogenous apo(a) were established. Deming regression analysis comparing the results obtained by the LC-MS/MS method and those obtained by the gold standard ELISA yielded y = 0.98*ELISA +3.18 (n = 64). CONCLUSIONS Our method for the absolute quantification of lipoprotein(a) in plasma has the required attributes to be proposed as a candidate reference method with the potential to be used for the standardization of lipoprotein(a) assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santica M Marcovina
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noémie Clouet-Foraison
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marlys L Koschinsky
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Lowenthal
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Allen Orquillas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael B Boffa
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomáš Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao X, Chen C, Geng D, Bateman KP, Shi S, Woolf EJ, Xu Y. Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS®) in therapeutic protein quantification by LC-MS/MS: Investigation of anticoagulant impact on assay performance and recommendations for best practices in method development. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113895. [PMID: 33486450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microsampling techniques have been employed as an alternative to traditional serum/plasma sampling because of their inherently proven and desirable advantages across the pharmaceutical industry. These include reduced animal usage in pre-clinical studies, as well as, permitting the collection of samples that would otherwise be inaccessible in clinical studies. The application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS®) technology, a second-generation dried microsampling method, coupled with LC-MS, has been extensively explored for small molecule drugs at various drug development stages. However, the potential of using VAMS technology and LC-MS analysis for biological therapeutic development has yet to be well-established. In this work, we describe the method development, validation, and a proof-of-concept non-human primate study of a LC-MS/MS method for VAMS utilized to obtain pharmacokinetic (PK) data for a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. A good correlation between VAMS data and data from conventional serum samples was established in rhesus monkeys and indicated the possibility of using of this novel sampling technology in clinical studies. However, during the initial clinical study, a significant difference in internal standard (IS) response between the patient fingerstick samples and the standard/QC samples was observed, which posed a question on the accuracy of the clinical results. A comprehensive investigation confirmed that the EDTA anticoagulant used in the standard/QC samples was the root cause of the observed anomalous IS responses. Special considerations and corresponding best practices during method development and validation are proposed to ensure early detection of potential issues and appropriate implementation of VAMS technology in clinical studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliu Gao
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
| | - Cindy Chen
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Dong Geng
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Shuangping Shi
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Eric J Woolf
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Quantification of nivolumab in human plasma by LC-MS/HRMS and LC-MS/MS, comparison with ELISA. Talanta 2020; 224:121889. [PMID: 33379098 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nivolumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 used for the treatment of several advanced solid cancers as immune checkpoint inhibitors. There are some challenges for the quantification of mAb in plasma because IgG are present intrinsically in complex biologic matrices and this determination must be based on reliable, selective, and accurate analytical methods. This study described two validated methods carried out in two separate laboratories, one developed with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the other with high resolution mass spectrometry with an orbitrap system (LC-MS/HRMS). Both methods used full-length stable isotope-labeled nivolumab-like (Arginine 13C6-15N4 and Lysine 13C6-15N2) as internal standard. The sample preparation was based on IgG immunocapture, then trypsin digestion was performed and one surrogate peptide was quantified in positive mode. Assays showed good linearity over the range of 5-100 μg/mL and 5-150 μg/mL for LC-MS/HRMS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The limit of quantification was set at 2 and 5 μg/mL for LC-MS/HRMS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Acceptable accuracy (from - 13.6% to 3.0%) and precision (within 20%) values were also obtained with both methods. The two LC-MS methods showed a very different matrix effect linked to the use of different analytical columns and elution gradients. Nivolumab plasma concentrations from 60 cancer outpatients were compared with the two mass spectrometry methods and also with a home-made ELISA method. The Bland-Altman analysis did not show any significant bias between the three methods. The Passing-Bablock linear regression analysis showed a good agreement between the three methods with a better correlation between the two mass spectrometry methods.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gorovits B. Current Considerations for Immunoglobulin Isotype Characterization of Antibody Response against Biotherapeutics. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:144. [PMID: 33161459 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of biotherapeutics to induce immune response in patients has been broadly accepted. Humoral immune response to biotherapeutics is expected to be polyclonal in nature with a high degree of diversity, including treatment-induced anti-drug antibodies (ADA) immunoglobulin isotype composition. Therapeutics with strong potential to induce immunity may produce a T cell-dependent response resulting in a gradual transition from initial IgM based to mature, IgG-based ADAs. Immunoglobulin class switch and transition to high affinity IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies were linked to a reduced drug efficacy, accelerated clearance, development of drug neutralizing antibodies, and modulation of hypersensitivity reaction rates. Examples presented herein demonstrate that understanding of isotype composition of ADA response can be highly important to predict future of disease progression. Isotype characterization of ADA response can be viewed highly useful, particularly for high immunogenicity risk biotherapeutics although may be less relevant or used as a research tool only for medium and low immunogenicity risk level therapeutics. Isotype-specific characteristics, methods of detection, and several case studies are presented herein.
Collapse
|
36
|
Intact mAb LC–MS for drug concentration from pre-clinical studies: bioanalytical method performance and in-life samples. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1389-1403. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibody biotherapeutic measurement from pharmacokinetic studies has not been traditionally based on intact molecular mass as is the case for small molecules. However, recent advancements in protein capture and mass spectrometer technology have enabled intact mass detection and quantitation for dosed biotherapeutics. A bioanalytical method validation is part of the regulatory requirement for sample analysis to determine drug concentration from in-life study samples. Results/methodology: Here, an intact protein LC–MS assay is subjected to mock bioanalytical method validation, and unknown samples are compared between intact protein LC–MS and established bioanalytical assay formats: Ligand-binding assay and peptide LC–MS/MS. Discussion/conclusion: Results are presented from the intact and traditional bioanalytical method evaluations, where the in-life sample concentrations were comparable across method types with associated data analyses presented. Furthermore, for intact protein LC–MS, modification monitoring and evaluation of data processing parameters is demonstrated.
Collapse
|
37
|
Fresnais M, Longuespée R, Sauter M, Schaller T, Arndt M, Krauss J, Blank A, Haefeli WE, Burhenne J. Development and Validation of an LC-MS-Based Quantification Assay for New Therapeutic Antibodies: Application to a Novel Therapy against Herpes Simplex Virus. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24329-24339. [PMID: 33015449 PMCID: PMC7528202 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently under development or in (pre)clinical study phases to reach regulatory approval. Among these, a new mAb against herpes simplex virus, HDIT101, was recently tested in healthy volunteers during a phase I clinical trial (first-in-human, dose escalation). In the frame of the pharmacokinetic evaluation of this new therapy, a mass spectrometric (MS)-based method was developed for the quantification of HDIT101 in human plasma using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. In this work, we describe the development of this bioanalytical assay using the quantification of a HDIT101 surrogate peptide, the assay validation procedure according to the FDA guidelines within the calibration range from 20 to 5000 μg/mL, and its application to plasma samples from the first-in-human clinical trial. This work presents a generic workflow for the development of MS-based quantification assays of new therapeutic antibodies that allows reaching high immunopurification recovery (>98% for HDIT101 over the full calibration range with a precision of 6.9% CV). Surrogate peptide and stable isotopically labeled internal standard were stable, and batch-to-batch accuracies and precisions at the four quality standard levels ranged between -2 and 5% bias and 8 and 11% CV, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Fresnais
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Sauter
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Schaller
- Heidelberg
ImmunoTherapeutics GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Arndt
- Heidelberg
ImmunoTherapeutics GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauss
- Department
of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Blank
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E. Haefeli
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
He J, Meng L, Ruppel J, Yang J, Kaur S, Xu K. Automated, Generic Reagent and Ultratargeted 2D-LC-MS/MS Enabling Quantification of Biotherapeutics and Soluble Targets down to pg/mL Range in Serum. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9412-9420. [PMID: 32510921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has recently emerged as a powerful analytical tool for the assessment of pharmacokinetics and biomarkers in drug development. Compared with ligand binding assays, a major advantage of mass spectrometry-based assays is that they are less dependent on high quality binding reagents, while a key limitation is the relatively lower sensitivity. To address the sensitivity issue, we have developed a generic reagent, ultratargeted two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) method which combines commercially available protein A affinity capture, targeted analyte isolation by 2D-LC, and targeted detection by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A targeted-2D-with-dilution configuration was designed to automate 2D-LC-MS/MS. This method was systematically evaluated using an anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody spiked into monkey and human serum, where lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.78 and 1.56 ng/mL were achieved, respectively. This represents an over 100-fold improvement in assay sensitivity compared to the conventional LC-MS/MS method. The performance of the method was further confirmed by analyzing another monoclonal antibody, bevacizumab, as well as a soluble antigen, circulating PD-L1. The results indicate that our method enables quantification of antibody therapeutics and antigen biomarkers in both clinical and nonclinical samples in the pg/mL to low ng/mL range. Protein A affinity capture was employed as a universal sample preparation procedure applicable to both full-length antibody therapeutics and antibody-antigen complexes. This novel method is also fully automated and proven to be highly robust for routine bioanalysis in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintang He
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lingyao Meng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jane Ruppel
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cerqueira LB, Fachi MM, Kawagushi WH, Pontes FLD, de Campos ML, Pontarolo R. New Validated Method for Quantification of Glycated Hemoglobin by LC-QToF-MS: Is HRMS Able to Quantify Clinical Samples? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1172-1179. [PMID: 32298572 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry is a powerful tool in clinical analysis but remains less explored due to its lower dynamic range and sensitivity compared to triple quadrupoles. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the current gold standard biomarker to monitor the control of diabetes, representing long-term plasma glycemic levels. Due to its clinical importance, several methods have been developed for HbA1c quantification, using different principles; however, the results obtained with these techniques may differ according to the method adopted. Hence, there is a great need to standardize the current methods to quantify glycated hemoglobin. A new UPLC-QToF-MS method was fully validated and tested to quantify HbA1c in human samples. The peptides VHLTPE m/z 695.373 and gly-VHLTPE m/z 857.426, obtained via Glu-C digestion, were the selected peptides for quantification of HbA1c (mmol/mol). Chromatographic separation was obtained in a C18 column, maintained at 40 °C. The mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.02% TFA and 0.1% acetic acid, and eluted in gradient mode. The method was fully validated, being considered linear in the range of 25-107 mmol/mol of HbA1c, and was sensitive, selective, precise, accurate, and free of matrix and carryover effects. The method was successfully applied to real samples, reaching about 90% agreement with reference method results, providing accurate and precise information on peptide mass, without laborious sample preparation. These results support the use of HRMS to improve the quality of quantitative results of HbA1c in health services and demonstrate a possible application of peptide investigation for clinical analysis in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Bonancio Cerqueira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Pharmacy, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Millan Fachi
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Pharmacy, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Wilton Hideki Kawagushi
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Pharmacy, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Flavia Lada Degaut Pontes
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Pharmacy, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Michel Leandro de Campos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Health Sciences Institute,1200 Alexandre Ferronato Avenue,78550-728Sinop, MT Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Pharmacy, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhu X, Huo S, Xue C, An B, Qu J. Current LC-MS-based strategies for characterization and quantification of antibody-drug conjugates. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:209-220. [PMID: 32612867 PMCID: PMC7322744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed enormous progresses in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Consequently, comprehensive analysis of ADCs in biological systems is critical in supporting discovery, development and evaluation of these agents. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has emerged as a promising and versatile tool for ADC analysis across a wide range of scenarios, owing to its multiplexing ability, rapid method development, as well as the capability of analyzing a variety of targets ranging from small-molecule payloads to the intact protein with a high, molecular resolution. However, despite this tremendous potential, challenges persist due to the high complexity in both the ADC molecules and the related biological systems. This review summarizes the up-to-date LC-MS-based strategies in ADC analysis and discusses the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly-evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Shihan Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Bo An
- Exploratory Biomarker, In-vitro/In-vivo Translation, R&D Research, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 South Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gui LL, Li L, Dong LH, Xiang SS, Zhai JP, Ge ZQ, Song HF. Method development and validation of LC-MS/MS-based assay for the simultaneous quantitation of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in cynomolgus monkey serum and its application in pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4903. [PMID: 32428305 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple and robust LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous quantitation of an antibody cocktail of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in monkey serum. The LC-MS/MS method saved costs, decreased the analysis time, and reduced quantitative times relative to the traditional ligand-binding assays. The serum samples were digested with trypsin at 50°C for 60 min after methanol precipitation, ammonium bicarbonate denaturation, dithiothreitol reduction, and iodoacetamide alkylation. The tryptic peptides were chromatographically separated using a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 2.6 μm) with mobile phases of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The other monoclonal antibody, infliximab, was used as internal standards to minimize the variability during sample processing and detection. A unique peptide for each monoclonal antibody was simultaneously quantified using LC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Calibration curves were linear from 2.0 to 400 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-assay precision (%CV) was within 8.9 and 7.4% (except 10.4 and 15.1% for lower limit of quantitation), respectively, and the accuracy (%Dev) was within ±13.1%. The other validation parameters were evaluated, and all results met the acceptance criteria of the international guiding principles. Finally, the method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetics study after a single-dose intravenous drip administration to cynomolgus monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Lan Gui
- School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hou Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shen-Si Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen HF, Shiao CY, Wu MY, Lin YC, Chen HH, Chang WC, Wu MS, Kao CC, Tsai IL. Quantitative determination of human IgA subclasses and their Fc-glycosylation patterns in plasma by using a peptide analogue internal standard and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 1:e8606. [PMID: 31705576 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycosylation on immunoglobulins is important for the immune function. In this study, we developed and validated a method for the absolute quantification of IgA subclasses and relative quantification of IgA-Fc glycopeptides by using affinity purification and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Only micro-volumes of plasma were required from each sample and we also applied the method to discover IgA and IgA-glycopeptide profiles in patients with chronic kidney diseases and IgA nephropathy. METHODS Peptide M affinity beads were used to purify IgA, and a cost-effective peptide analogue was added as internal standard. With an efficient on-bead digestion process, purified samples were analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS Correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999 for the IgA1 and IgA2 calibration curves and greater than 0.994 for glycopeptide regression curves. Intraday and interday precisions for IgA1 and IgA2 were <1.6% and <5.1% RSD, respectively. Intraday and interday accuracies ranged from 102.6 to 114.9% and 103.5 to 113.5% for IgA1 and IgA2, respectively. Stabilities of IgA1 and IgA2 at -80°C for 7 to 15 days ranged from 96.0 to 109.4%, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.916 when comparing the IgA quantification results of the 30 clinical samples by using ELISAs and the developed UHPLC/MS/MS method. Compared with healthy controls, IgA and IgA-glycopeptides showed different profiles in patients with chronic kidney diseases and IgA nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS The developed method showed good validation results, and the absolute quantification results of IgA correlated with those from ELISA. The pilot application study showed that IgA and IgA-glycopeptides can be potential biomarker candidates for kidney diseases, and more clinical sample applications are worth investigating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ya Shiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Tapei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Tapei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eser B, Özkan Y, Sepici Dinçel A. Determination of Tryptophan and Kynurenine by LC-MS/MS by Using Amlodipine as an Internal Standard. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:379-385. [PMID: 32031396 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that plays an important role in cell metabolism, and kynurenine is its main metabolic pathway. By using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, tryptophan and kynurenine were determined using amlodipine as an internal standard. The analysis was carried out on an ACE-C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 5 μm) reversed-phase analytical column using the gradient elution mode. For quantitative determination, amlodipine was used as an internal standard. Detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring in electrospray ionization mode at m/z 205.1 → 117.7 and 187.9 for tryptophan, m/z 209.1 → 146 and 93.9 for kynurenine, and m/z 409.2 → 294.1 for the internal standard. Good linearity of the analyte to internal standard peak area ratios was seen in the concentration range 1.25-4000 ng/mL for tryptophan and 0.5-1600 ng/mL for kynurenine. The method showed excellent linearity with regression coefficients of 0.99 for kynurenine and 0.996 for tryptophan. The limits of quantification were 0.55 ng/mL for tryptophan and 0.47 ng/mL for kynurenine. The % RSD for all analytes ranged from 0.3 to 3.4% for intraday and 0.4 to 8.9% for interday experiments. A simple LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for measuring Kyn and Trp by using an affordable and more easily available internal standard, which is amlodipine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Eser
- Research and Development Center , University of Health Sciences , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Gazi University , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
| | - Yeşim Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
| | - Aylin Sepici Dinçel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Gazi University , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
IQ consortium perspective: complementary LBA and LC–MS in protein therapeutics bioanalysis and biotransformation assessment. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:257-270. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly diverse large molecule modalities have driven the need for complex bioanalysis and biotransformation assessment involving both traditional ligand-binding assays (LBA) and more recent hybrid immunoaffinity LC–MS platforms. Given the scientific expertise in LBA and LC–MS typically resides in different functions within the industry, this has presented operational challenges for an integrated approach for bioanalysis and biotransformation assessment. Encouragingly, over time, the industry has recognized the complementary value of the two platforms. This has not been an easy transition as organizational structures vary widely within the industry. However, there are tremendous benefits in adopting fully integrated strategies for biopharma. This IQ consortium paper presents current perspectives across the biopharma industry. It highlights the technical and operational challenges in current large molecule bioanalysis, the value of collaborations across LBA and LC–MS, and scientific expertise for fully integrated strategies for bioanalysis and biotransformation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Generic MS-based method for the bioanalysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in nonclinical studies. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:231-243. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A generic bioanalytical method was developed to quantify therapeutic IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in mouse sera by combining an easy sample preparation method with LC/MS using selected reaction monitoring. Materials & methods: Rituximab and trastuzumab were used as model mAbs. A synthetic stable isotope-labeled peptide or a stable isotope-labeled mAb was used as an internal standard. The method feasibility was evaluated by a collaborative study involving six laboratories. Results: The calibration curve ranged from 1.0 to 1000.0 μg/ml (correlation coefficient >0.99). The validation parameters including selectivity, linearity of calibration curve, accuracy and precision met the predefined acceptance criteria. Conclusion: Our method is a useful bioanalytical method for the quantification of therapeutic IgG mAbs in nonclinical animal studies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Neubert H, Shuford CM, Olah TV, Garofolo F, Schultz GA, Jones BR, Amaravadi L, Laterza OF, Xu K, Ackermann BL. Protein Biomarker Quantification by Immunoaffinity Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Current State and Future Vision. Clin Chem 2020; 66:282-301. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunoaffinity–mass spectrometry (IA-MS) is an emerging analytical genre with several advantages for profiling and determination of protein biomarkers. Because IA-MS combines affinity capture, analogous to ligand binding assays (LBAs), with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, this platform is often described using the term hybrid methods. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the principles of IA-MS and to demonstrate, through application, the unique power and potential of this technology. By combining target immunoaffinity enrichment with the use of stable isotope-labeled internal standards and MS detection, IA-MS achieves high sensitivity while providing unparalleled specificity for the quantification of protein biomarkers in fluids and tissues. In recent years, significant uptake of IA-MS has occurred in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the early stages of clinical development, enabling biomarker measurement previously considered unattainable. By comparison, IA-MS adoption by CLIA laboratories has occurred more slowly. Current barriers to IA-MS use and opportunities for expanded adoption are discussed. The path forward involves identifying applications for which IA-MS is the best option compared with LBA or MS technologies alone. IA-MS will continue to benefit from advances in reagent generation, more sensitive and higher throughput MS technologies, and continued growth in use by the broader analytical community. Collectively, the pursuit of these opportunities will secure expanded long-term use of IA-MS for clinical applications.
Collapse
|
47
|
Dubois C, Payen D, Simon S, Junot C, Fenaille F, Morel N, Becher F. Top-Down and Bottom-Up Proteomics of Circulating S100A8/S100A9 in Plasma of Septic Shock Patients. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:914-925. [PMID: 31913637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Well-characterized prognostic biomarkers and reliable quantitative methods are key in sepsis management. Among damage-associated molecular patterns, S100A8/S100A9 complexes are reported to be markers for injured cells and to improve the prediction of death in septic shock patients. In view of the structural diversity observed for the intracellular forms, insight into circulating complexes and proteoforms is required to establish prognostic biomarkers. Here, we developed top-down and bottom-up proteomics to characterize the association of S100A8 and S100A9 in complexes and major circulating proteoforms. An antibody-free method was developed for absolute quantification of S100A8/S100A9 in a cohort of 49 patients to evaluate the prognostic value on the first day after admission for septic shock. The predominant circulating forms identified by top-down proteomics were S100A8, mono-oxidized S100A8, truncated acetylated S100A9, and S-nitrosylated S100A9. S100A8, truncated acetylated S100A9, and mono-oxidized S100A8 discriminated between survivors and nonsurvivors, along with total S100A8/S100A9 measured by the antibody-free bottom-up method. Overall, new insights into circulating S100A8/S100A9 and confirmation of its prognostic value in septic shock are crucial in qualification of this biomarker. Also, the simple antibody-free assay would support the harmonization of S100A8/S100A9 measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Dubois
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur Yvette F-91191 , France
| | - Didier Payen
- Université Paris 7 Cité Sorbonne, UMR INSERM 1160 , 110 Avenue de Verdun , Paris 75010 , France.,Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care , Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris 75010 , France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur Yvette F-91191 , France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur Yvette F-91191 , France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur Yvette F-91191 , France
| | - Nathalie Morel
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur Yvette F-91191 , France
| | - François Becher
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur Yvette F-91191 , France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gao X, Rawal B, Wang Y, Li X, Wylie D, Liu YH, Breunig L, Driscoll D, Wang F, Richardson DD. Targeted Host Cell Protein Quantification by LC-MRM Enables Biologics Processing and Product Characterization. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1007-1015. [PMID: 31860266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based quantification platform with high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. It is extensively used across the pharmaceutical industry for the quantitative analysis of therapeutic molecules. The potential of MRM analysis for the quantification of specific host cell proteins (HCPs) in bioprocess, however, has yet to be well established. In this work, we introduce a multiplex LC-MRM assay that simultaneously monitors two high risk lipases known to impact biologics product quality, Phospholipase B-like 2 protein (PLBL2) and Group XV lysosomal phospholipase A2 (LPLA2). Quantitative data generated from the LC-MRM assay were used to monitor the clearance of these lipases during biologics process development. The method is linear over a dynamic range of 1 to 500 ng/mg. To demonstrate the fitness for use and robustness of this assay, we evaluate a comprehensive method qualification package that includes intra- and inter-run precision and accuracy across all evaluated concentrations, selectivity, recovery and matrix effect, dilution linearity, and carryover. Additionally, we illustrate that this assay provides a rapid and accurate means of monitoring high risk HCP clearance for in-process support and can actively guide process improvement and optimization. Lastly, we compare direct digestion platforms and affinity depletion platforms to demonstrate the impact of HCP-mAb interaction on lipase quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliu Gao
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Baibhav Rawal
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - David Wylie
- Biologics Analytical Research & Development , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Lloyd Breunig
- Biologics Analytical Research & Development , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Dennis Driscoll
- Biologics Analytical Research & Development , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Fengqiang Wang
- Biologics Analytical Research & Development , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Douglas D Richardson
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry , Merck & Company Incorporated , 2000 Galloping Hill Road , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Immunoaffinity LC–MS/MS to quantify a PEGylated anti-Factor D Fab biotherapeutic in cynomolgus monkey serum. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:2161-2173. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a sensitive hybrid immunoaffinity LC–MS/MS monkey serum assay to quantify multiple components of anti-Factor D; a complex PEGylated Fab biotherapeutic explored as a therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Materials & methods: Immunoaffinity enrichment of PEGylated anti-Factor D Fab, including fully conjugated, partially conjugated and unconjugated (i.e., free) Fab species, using a capture reagent coupled to magnetic beads was performed. The surrogate peptides derived from the therapeutic Fab via trypsin digestion were measured to obtain the total Fab concentrations. Results & conclusion: The method demonstrated the ability to accurately quantify both PEGylated and unconjugated Fab species. It was successfully validated with a LLOQ at 25.0 ng/ml.
Collapse
|
50
|
Dong S, Zhang A, Gu Y, Lu S, Teng L, Wang R, Liu J, Fan H, Si D. Direct quantification of intact FIM in monkey plasma using a selective chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method: Application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4729. [PMID: 31656040 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
FIM protein, which consists of 155 amino acids, was developed as a novel GLP-1 analog to reduce blood glucose, and pharmacodynamic results showed that it had a certain effect when used in treating Alzheimer's disease. The molecular weight of FIM is 16,304 Da. In theory, the concentration of FIM in biological samples should be determined by the ligand binding assay method or indirectly quantified using LC-MS/MS instrumentation. However, the above methods are complex and time-consuming. In this study, we successfully developed a simpler LC-MS/MS method for directly quantifying the intact FIM protein in monkey plasma for the first time. The chromatographic separation of FIM was achieved using an InertSustain Bio C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid (A)-water containing 0.1% formic acid (B) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. Good linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5-500 ng/ml (r2 > 0.99). The intra- and inter-day precisions (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD) of FIM were 2.30-12.8 and 7.30-13.2%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracies (expressed as a relative error, RE) were -12.7-6.55 and - 10.1-0.892%, respectively. This method was successfully applied for a pharmacokinetic study of the FIM protein in four monkeys after subcutaneous administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuixiu Lu
- Prosperous Biopharma Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Prosperous Biopharma Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huirong Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Duanyun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|