1
|
Qu T, Wang P, Zhao X, Liang L, Ge Y, Chen Y. Metagenomics reveals differences in the composition of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic resistance genes in pasteurized yogurt and probiotic bacteria yogurt from China. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3451-3467. [PMID: 38246555 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health concern, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in food are a research focus. In China, probiotics and pasteurized yogurts are the 2 main types of commercially available yogurt, but the distribution and differences of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and gene types in these products are not well known. This study used a shotgun metagenomic approach to analyze 22 different types of yogurt collected from 9 main yogurt-producing areas in China; each type of yogurt included 8 different batches of samples. The abundance and diversity of bacteria identified in probiotic yogurt were significantly higher than those in pasteurized yogurt, with Acetobacter, Raoultella, and Burkholderia identified as unique and highly abundant genera in probiotic yogurt. Similarly, the abundance of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. was higher than that in pasteurized yogurt. A total of 1,149 ARG subtypes belonging to 16 ARG types were identified, with the highest abundance of rifampicin, multidrug efflux pumps, and quinolone resistance genes detected. Network analysis revealed significant nonrandom co-occurrence relationships between different types and subtypes of ARG in yogurt samples. A total of 44 ARG subtypes in pasteurized yogurt were potentially hosted by 36 bacterial genera, and in probiotic yogurt, 63 ARG were expected to be hosted by 86 bacterial species from 37 genera. These findings indicate potential safety issues in fermented dairy products and emphasize the need for a more hygienic environment when processing probiotic yogurt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lijiao Liang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqiang Ge
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kallur RK, Madapati S, Mathur A, Bhattacharya S. The role of Weizmannia (Bacillus) coagulans LMG S-31876 in treating IBS-diarrhea. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1310462. [PMID: 38375355 PMCID: PMC10875997 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1310462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal condition. Some studies have shown the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Weizmannia (Bacillus) coagulans LMG S-31876 has been marketed as a dietary ingredient, but to date, its efficacy in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) condition has not been clinically elucidated. Thus, a double-blind placebo-controlled multi-centered trial was planned to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Weizmannia (Bacillus) coagulans LMG S-31876 in diarrhea-predominant IBS patients. Experimental design Study participants (n = 50) diagnosed with IBS prominent symptoms that include abdominal pain and other GI-related symptoms were treated with ProBC Plus (2 billion CFU) along with a placebo capsule once daily for approximately 8 weeks. Study participants were evaluated for the treatment success determined by the differences in stool consistency and frequency per day between the intervention and placebo groups over the study period. Results The vital signs and the biochemistry parameters were under the normal range; the other parameters showed a significant result as compared to the placebo during the study period. Conclusion This study depicts a significant decline in the clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and frequency of the stool as compared to the placebo. All the parameters such as hematology, lipid profile, and vital signs were in the normal range during the supplementation of ProBC Plus for a period of 8 weeks. Furthermore, the study verified that Weizmannia (Bacillus) coagulans LMG S-31876 and its probiotic product ProBC Plus at a dose of 2 billion/CFU/day has a prominent action in the relief from the clinical symptoms of IBS-D. Therefore, the product is intended safe to utilize for IBS-related symptoms.Clinical trial registration: The clinical study has been registered with CTRI/2023/01/048644 with https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=77708&EncHid=24313.96864&userName=CTRI/2023/01/048644 [CTRI/2023/01/048644].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sourish Bhattacharya
- Process Design and Engineering Cell, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Das S, Konwar BK. Prophylactic application of vaginal lactic acid bacteria against urogenital pathogens and its prospective use in sanitary suppositories. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:179-202. [PMID: 37258658 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial and pathogenic microbes coexist in the vaginal canal, where a diminishing population of lactic acid bacteria may cause recurring urogenital infections. Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus vaginalis, and pathogenic microbes Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Shigella sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia fergusonii were isolated from vaginal swabs. Lactobacillus sp. and their probiotic culture free supernatant (PCFS) inhibited the growth of the above-mentioned urogenital pathogens. L. crispatus produced both lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, exhibiting the best antimicrobial potential against the studied pathogens. Lyophilized L. crispatus had a shelf life of 12 months and the lyophilized PCFS also retained its antibacterial property with a minimum inhibition concentration of 1 μg/μL. Carboxy-methyl cellulose-alginate, a green alternative to super-absorbent polymers, was encapsulated with L. crispatus cells. The probiotic in its encapsulated state retained its viability for 21 days, and the bead showed 30% solvent absorptive capacity. PCFS-laced non-woven fabric displayed antibacterial property with no change in its physicochemical properties. These probiotic and postbiotic formulations have excellent prophylactic potential for urogenital infections. Such formulations can be exploited as additives in sanitary suppositories to enhance vaginal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ha S, Zhang X, Yu J. Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer: From traditional approaches to novel strategies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:8-20. [PMID: 38031348 PMCID: PMC10766304 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The intestine harbors a large population of microorganisms that interact with epithelial cells to maintain host healthy physiological status. These intestinal microbiota engage in the fermentation of non-digestible nutrients and produce beneficial metabolites to regulate host homeostasis, metabolism, and immune response. The disruption of microbiota, known as dysbiosis, has been implicated in many intestinal diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, CRC poses a significant health burden. There is an urgent need for novel interventions to reduce CRC incidence and improve clinical outcomes. Modulating the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a promising approach for CRC prevention and treatment. Current research efforts in CRC probiotics primarily focus on reducing the incidence of CRC, alleviating treatment-related side effects, and potentiating the efficacy of anticancer therapy, which is the key to successful translation to clinical practice. This paper aims to review the traditional probiotics and new interventions, such as next-generation probiotics and postbiotics, in the context of CRC. The underlying mechanisms of probiotic anti-cancer effects are also discussed, including the restoration of microbial composition, reinforcement of gut barrier integrity, induction of cancer cell apoptosis, inactivation of carcinogens, and modulation of host immune response. This paper further evaluates the novel strategy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in boosting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite all the promising findings presented in studies, the evaluation of potential risks, optimization of delivery methods, and consideration of intra-patient variability of gut microbial baseline must be thoroughly interpreted before bench-to-bedside translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suki Ha
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ismail MF, Lim SM, Lim FT, Ramasamy K. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterisation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB12 in Pea Protein-Alginate Microcapsules. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10171-6. [PMID: 37816988 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility of probiotics to high temperature and low pH remains a major challenge in food industries. Numerous commercially available probiotic products were reportedly presented with lower probiotic viability than claimed. To confer health benefits to the host, it is essential that probiotic strain remains viable at optimal amount during food processing procedures, storage and passage through the gastrointestinal tract. This study addressed these issues by immobilising Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB12 isolated from tempeh (fermented soybean) in a polymeric matrix made up of alginate (Alg, 0.5% w/v) and denatured pea protein isolate (PPi, 1-10% w/v) using the emulsion/acidification technique. Alg supplemented with 10% PPi (Alg-PPi10) appeared to be optimally small (< 350 µm), substantiated by the improved surface smoothness and uniform dispersion of probiotics in the Alg-PPi core. The findings indicated that microencapsulation enhanced thermal stability of L. plantarum LAB12. The microencapsulated L. plantarum LAB12 remained highly viable (80%) despite exposure to 100 °C for 5 min. The microencapsulated cell number during storage at 4 and 25 °C for 8 weeks was greater than 7 log CFU g-1. L. plantarum LAB12 encapsulated in Alg-PPi10 exhibited high viability (96%) in simulated gastric juice (at pH 1.8 for 120 min) and facilitated maximum release of probiotics (> 9 log CFU g-1) in simulated intestinal fluid (at pH 6.8 for 240 min). Whilst retaining their intrinsic cholesterol lowering effect, microencapsulation conferred additional advantages to L. plantarum LAB12 in terms of lowering serum triglyceride and increasing HDL cholesterol in zebrafish fed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Overall, our findings strongly imply the potential use of Alg-PPi10 as an effective medium that confers thermal protection and facilitates pH-sensitive release of cholesterol-reducing L. plantarum LAB12. This will allow the diverse applications L. plantarum LAB12 across health, food and agro-feed industries amongst others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Fareez Ismail
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam Campus, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fei Tieng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Djorgbenoo R, Hu J, Hu C, Sang S. Fermented Oats as a Novel Functional Food. Nutrients 2023; 15:3521. [PMID: 37630712 PMCID: PMC10459665 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented oats are gaining popularity due to their nutritional value and the increasing consumer demand for health-conscious foods. These oats are believed to offer enhanced phytochemical and nutritional profiles compared to unfermented oats. The increased nutritional content of fermented oats is associated with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which could potentially reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the nutritional benefits of fermented oats in human nutrition. This mini review provides a comprehensive overview of fermented oat products available on the market and the various production methods employed for fermenting oats. Furthermore, this review investigates how fermentation affects the chemical composition and biological functions of oats. Additionally, this manuscript presents some future perspectives on fermented oat products by discussing potential research directions and opportunities for further development. The findings presented in this review contribute to the expanding body of knowledge on fermented oats as a promising functional food, paving the way for future studies and applications in the field of nutrition and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (R.D.); (J.H.); (C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Q, Yin S, He Y, Cao Y, Jiang C. Biomaterials and Encapsulation Techniques for Probiotics: Current Status and Future Prospects in Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2185. [PMID: 37570503 PMCID: PMC10421492 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential advantages in diverse biomedical applications, such as acting as antimicrobial agents, aiding in tissue repair, and treating diseases. These live bacteria must exist in appropriate quantities and precise locations to exert beneficial effects. However, their viability and activity can be significantly impacted by the surrounding tissue, posing a challenge to maintain their stability in the target location for an extended duration. To counter this, researchers have formulated various strategies that enhance the activity and stability of probiotics by encapsulating them within biomaterials. This approach enables site-specific release, overcoming technical impediments encountered during the processing and application of probiotics. A range of materials can be utilized for encapsulating probiotics, and several methods can be employed for this encapsulation process. This article reviews the recent advancements in probiotics encapsulated within biomaterials, examining the materials, methods, and effects of encapsulation. It also provides an overview of the hurdles faced by currently available biomaterial-based probiotic capsules and suggests potential future research directions in this field. Despite the progress achieved to date, numerous challenges persist, such as the necessity for developing efficient, reproducible encapsulation methods that maintain the viability and activity of probiotics. Furthermore, there is a need to design more robust and targeted delivery vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Sun
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheng Yin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yingxu He
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Yi Cao
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Ghosh D, Maniruzzaman M. Using bugs as drugs: administration of bacteria-related microbes to fight cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114825. [PMID: 37075953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the advancement of microbiology and cancer biology, bioengineering of bacteria-related microbes has demonstrated great potential in targeted cancer therapy. Presently, the major administration routes of bacteria-related microbes for cancer treatment include intravenous injection, intratumoral injection, intraperitoneal injection, and oral delivery. Administration routes of bacteria play a key role in anticancer therapeutic efficacy since different delivery approaches might exert an anticancer effect through diverse mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview of the primary routes of bacteria administration as well as their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss that microencapsulation can overcome the current challenges of direct administration of free bacteria. We also review the latest advancements in combining functional particles with engineered bacteria to fight against cancer, which can be further coupled with conventional anticancer therapies to improve the therapeutic effect. Eventually, we highlight the application prospect of bioprinting in cancer bacteriotherapy, which enables the long-term sustained delivery and individualized dose regimen, representing a new paradigm for personalized cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rai R, Nitin N. Apple-derived 3D scaffold for improving gastrointestinal viability and in-situ growth of probiotics. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112758. [PMID: 37120209 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study develops a novel low-cost microbial delivery system by transforming common food materials such as apple tissue into a 3D scaffold. Apple tissue scaffold was constructed by decellularization of intact tissue using a minimal amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.5 % w/v). Vacuum-assisted infusion of model probiotic Lactobacillus cells led to a high encapsulation yield of probiotic cells (1010 CFU/g of scaffold) in 3D scaffolds on a wet basis. The bio-polymer coated 3D scaffolds with infused cells significantly enhanced the survivability of infused probiotic cells during simulated gastric and intestinal digestions. In addition, imaging and plate counting results validate the growth of the infused cells in the 3D scaffold after 1-2 days of fermentation in MRS media, while cells without infusion in the scaffold had limited attachment with the intact apple tissue. Overall, these results highlight the potential of the apple tissue-derived 3D scaffold to deliver probiotic cells and include the biochemical compositions to support the growth of delivered microbial cells in the colon.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rasai D, Hosseinian SA, Asasi K, Shekarforosh SS, Tafti K. The beneficial effects of spraying of probiotic Bacillus and Lactobacillus bacteria on broiler chickens experimentally infected with avian influenza virus H9N2. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102669. [PMID: 37146538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical, antiviral, and immunological effects of spraying Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. as a single or mixture probiotic compound on experimentally infected broiler chickens with AIV H9N2. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 6 groups as follows: Ctrl- (no challenge AIV; no spray probiotic), Ctrl+ (AIV challenged; no spray probiotic), AI+B (AIV challenged; daily spraying of probiotic Bacillus spp.), AI+L group (AIV challenged; daily spraying of probiotic Lactobacillus spp.), AIV+BL (AIV challenged; daily spraying of probiotic Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp.), and G-DW (daily spraying of normal saline; no AIV challenged). The birds were reared for 35 d. On the 22nd day of age, broiler chickens were challenged by AIV H9N2. The probiotics were sprayed at 9×109 CFU/m2 daily for 35 d. Growth performance, clinical signs, virus shedding, macroscopic and microscopic lesions were evaluated at various days in all groups. Spraying with probiotics improved the body weight gain and food conversion ratio in the AI+B, AI+L, and AI+BL groups compared to the Ctrl+. The severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, pathological lesions and viral shedding in the probiotic treatment groups was lower than in the Ctrl+ group. The findings of this study suggest the daily spraying of Lactobacillus and Bacillus probiotics alone or in combination during the rearing period reduce clinical and nonclinical aspects of H9N2 virus infection; so, it can be effective as a preventive protocol for controlling the severity of AIV H9N2 infection in broilers.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pramanik S, Venkatraman S, Vaidyanathan VK. Development of engineered probiotics with tailored functional properties and their application in food science. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:453-470. [PMID: 36911322 PMCID: PMC9992677 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential health benefits of probiotics may not be cognized because of the substantial curtailment in their viability during food storage and passage through the gastrointestinal system. Intestinal flora composition, and resistance against pathogens are among the health benefits associated with probiotic consumption. In the gastric environment, pH 2.0, probiotics dramatically lose their viability during the transit through the gastrointestinal system. The challenge remains to maintain cell viability until it reaches the large intestine. In extreme conditions, such as a decrease in pH or an increase in temperature, encapsulation technology can enhance the viability of probiotics. Probiotic bacterial strains can be encapsulated in a variety of ways. The methods are broadly systematized into two categories, liquid and solid delivery systems. This review emphasizes the technology used in the research and commercial sectors to encapsulate probiotic cells while keeping them alive and the food matrix used to deliver these cells to consumers. Graphical abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Pramanik
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, School of Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Tamil Nadu 603 203 Kattankulathur, India
| | - Swethaa Venkatraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, School of Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Tamil Nadu 603 203 Kattankulathur, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, School of Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Tamil Nadu 603 203 Kattankulathur, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Journey of the Probiotic Bacteria: Survival of the Fittest. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010095. [PMID: 36677387 PMCID: PMC9861974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to bring a more general view of the technological and biological challenges regarding production and use of probiotic bacteria in promoting human health. After a brief description of the current concepts, the challenges for the production at an industrial level are presented from the physiology of the central metabolism to the ability to face the main forms of stress in the industrial process. Once produced, these cells are processed to be commercialized in suspension or dried forms or added to food matrices. At this stage, the maintenance of cell viability and vitality is of paramount for the quality of the product. Powder products requires the development of strategies that ensure the integrity of components and cellular functions that allow complete recovery of cells at the time of consumption. Finally, once consumed, probiotic cells must face a very powerful set of physicochemical mechanisms within the body, which include enzymes, antibacterial molecules and sudden changes in pH. Understanding the action of these agents and the induction of cellular tolerance mechanisms is fundamental for the selection of increasingly efficient strains in order to survive from production to colonization of the intestinal tract and to promote the desired health benefits.
Collapse
|
13
|
Davachi SM, Dogan B, Khazdooz L, Zhang S, Khojastegi A, Fei Z, Sun H, Meletharayil G, Kapoor R, Simpson KW, Abbaspourrad A. Long-Term Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Storage at Ambient Temperature in Vegetable Oil: Viability and Functional Assessments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9399-9411. [PMID: 35881537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils with varying saturated fat levels were inoculated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), subjected to different heat treatments in the absence and presence of inulin and stored for 12 months at room temperature. After storage, the heat-treated probiotics actively grew to high concentrations after removal of the oils and reculturing. The bacterial samples, regardless of aerobic or anaerobic conditions and treatment methods, showed no changes in their growth behavior. The random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction, antimicrobial, morphology, and motility tests also showed no major differences. Samples of LGG treated with a higher antioxidant content (Gal400) showed reduced inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings have been confirmed by metabolite and genome sequencing studies, indicating that Gal400 showed lower concentrations and secretion percentages and the highest number of single nucleotide polymorphisms. We have shown proof of concept that LGG can be stored in oil with minimum impact on probiotic in vitro viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Belgin Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Leila Khazdooz
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Anahita Khojastegi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Honghe Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Rohit Kapoor
- National Dairy Council, 10255 W Higgins Rd, Rosemont, Illinois 60018, United States
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuebutornye FKA, Lu Y, Wang Z, Mraz J. Functional annotation and complete genome analysis confirm the probiotic characteristics of Bacillus species isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Kim E, Kim D, Yang SM, Kim HY. Validation of probiotic species or subspecies identity in commercial probiotic products using high-resolution PCR method based on large-scale genomic analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
Aziz G, Zaidi A, Tariq M. Compositional Quality and Possible Gastrointestinal Performance of Marketed Probiotic Supplements. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:288-312. [PMID: 35199309 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The local pharmacies and shops are brimming with various probiotic products that herald a range of health benefits. The poor quality of probiotic products in both dosage and species is symptomatic of this multi-billion-dollar market making it difficult for consumers to single out reliable ones. This study aims to fill the potential gap in the labeling accuracy of probiotic products intended for human consumption. We describe a combinatorial approach using classical culture-dependent technique to quantify and molecular techniques (16 s rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence, and ribotyping) for strain recognition of the microbial contents. The full gamut of probiotic characteristics including acid, bile and lysozyme tolerances, adhesiveness, anti-pathogenicity, and degree of safeness were performed. Their capacity to endure gastro-intestinal (GIT) stresses and select drugs was assessed in vitro. Our results forced us to declare that the local probiotic market is essentially unregulated. Almost none of the probiotic products tested met the label claim. Some (11%) have no viable cells, and a quarter (27%) showing significant inter-batch variation. A lower microbial count was typical with undesirables constituting a quarter of the total (~ 27%). Half of the products contained antibiotic-resistant strains; the unregulated use of these probiotics carries the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance to gut pathobionts. Poor tolerance to gut conditions and mediocre functionalism make the case worse. The current regulatory systems do not take this discrepancy into account. We recommend an evidence-based regular market surveillance of marketed probiotics to ensure the authenticity of the claims and product effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aziz
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao H, Du Y, Liu L, Du Y, Cui K, Yu P, Li L, Zhu Y, Jiang W, Li Z, Tang H, Ma W. Oral Nanozyme-Engineered Probiotics for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4002-4011. [PMID: 35503001 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Probiotic-based therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) is a novel and promising approach that has gained much popularity in recent years. However, probiotics may be easily captured and destroyed by...
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yurong Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yabing Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Kang Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Pu Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Li Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Kaifeng City, KaiFeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China.
| | - Hao Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China.
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010056. [PMID: 35053205 PMCID: PMC8774162 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD begins as a relatively benign hepatic steatosis which can evolve to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases when fibrosis is present. NAFLD represents a complex process implicating numerous factors—genetic, metabolic, and dietary—intertwined in a multi-hit etiopathogenetic model. Recent data have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis, which may render the bowel more permeable, leading to increased free fatty acid absorption, bacterial migration, and a parallel release of toxic bacterial products, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proinflammatory cytokines that initiate and sustain inflammation. Although gut dysbiosis is present in each disease stage, there is currently no single microbial signature to distinguish or predict which patients will evolve from NAFLD to NASH and HCC. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the majority of patients with NAFLD/NASH exhibit increased numbers of Bacteroidetes and differences in the presence of Firmicutes, resulting in a decreased F/B ratio in most studies. They also present an increased proportion of species belonging to Clostridium, Anaerobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Lactobacillus, whereas Oscillibacter, Flavonifaractor, Odoribacter, and Alistipes spp. are less prominent. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with NASH show a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia spp., while Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila are diminished. Children with NAFLD/NASH have a decreased proportion of Oscillospira spp. accompanied by an elevated proportion of Dorea, Blautia, Prevotella copri, and Ruminococcus spp. Gut microbiota composition may vary between population groups and different stages of NAFLD, making any conclusive or causative claims about gut microbiota profiles in NAFLD patients challenging. Moreover, various metabolites may be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, bile acids, choline and trimethylamine-N-oxide, and ammonia. In this review, we summarize the role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis, and we discuss potential preventive and therapeutic interventions related to the gut microbiome, such as the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and bacteriophages, as well as the contribution of bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation in the therapeutic armamentarium against NAFLD. Larger and longer-term prospective studies, including well-defined cohorts as well as a multi-omics approach, are required to better identify the associations between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and NAFLD occurrence and progression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Alagiakrishnan K, Halverson T. Microbial Therapeutics in Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders. J Clin Med Res 2021; 13:439-459. [PMID: 34691318 PMCID: PMC8510649 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial therapeutics, which include gut biotics and fecal transplantation, are interventions designed to improve the gut microbiome. Gut biotics can be considered as the administration of direct microbial populations. The delivery of this can be done through live microbial flora, certain food like fiber, microbial products (metabolites and elements) obtained through the fermentation of food products, or as genetically engineered substances, that may have therapeutic benefit on different health disorders. Dietary intervention and pharmacological supplements with gut biotics aim at correcting disruption of the gut microbiota by repopulating with beneficial microorganism leading to decrease in gut permeability, inflammation, and alteration in metabolic activities, through a variety of mechanisms of action. Our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of microbial therapeutics has improved with in vitro models, sampling techniques in the gut, and tools for the reliable identification of gut biotics. Evidence from human studies points out that prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics have the potential for treating and preventing mental health disorders, whereas with paraprobiotics, proteobiotics and postbiotics, the research is limited at this point. Some animal studies point out that gut biotics can be used with conventional treatments for a synergistic effect on mental health disorders. If future research shows that there is a possibility of synergistic effect of psychotropic medications with gut biotics, then a gut biotic or nutritional prescription can be given along with psychotropics. Even though the overall safety of gut biotics seems to be good, caution is needed to watch for any known and unknown side effects as well as the need for risk benefit analysis with certain vulnerable populations. Future research is needed before wide spread use of natural and genetically engineered gut biotics. Regulatory framework for gut biotics needs to be optimized. Holistic understanding of gut dysbiosis, along with life style factors, by health care providers is necessary for the better management of these conditions. In conclusion, microbial therapeutics are a new psychotherapeutic approach which offer some hope in certain conditions like dementia and depression. Future of microbial therapeutics will be driven by well-done randomized controlled trials and longitudinal research, as well as by replication studies in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lopez-Pier MA, Koppinger MP, Harris PR, Cannon DK, Skaria RS, Hurwitz BL, Watts G, Aras S, Slepian MJ, Konhilas JP. An adaptable and non-invasive method for tracking Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis 420 in the mouse gut. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 189:106302. [PMID: 34391819 PMCID: PMC8473990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic strains from the Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus genera improve health outcomes in models of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Yet, underlying mechanisms governing these improved health outcomes are rooted in the interaction of gut microbiota, intestinal interface, and probiotic strain. Central to defining the underlying mechanisms governing these improved health outcomes is the development of adaptable and non-invasive tools to study probiotic localization and colonization within the host gut microbiome. The objective of this study was to test labeling and tracking efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis 420 (B420) using a common clinical imaging agent, indocyanine green (ICG). ICG was an effective in situ labeling agent visualized in either intact mouse or excised gastrointestinal (GI) tract at different time intervals. Quantitative PCR was used to validate ICG visualization of B420, which also demonstrated that B420 transit time matched normal murine GI motility (~8 hours). Contrary to previous thoughts, B420 did not colonize any region of the GI tract whether following a single bolus or daily administration for up to 10 days. We conclude that ICG may provide a useful tool to visualize and track probiotic species such as B420 without implementing complex molecular and genetic tools. Proof-of-concept studies indicate that B420 did not colonize and establish residency align the murine GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Lopez-Pier
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew P Koppinger
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Preston R Harris
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Danielle K Cannon
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rinku S Skaria
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - George Watts
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Marvin J Slepian
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nguyen T, Brody H, Radaic A, Kapila Y. Probiotics for periodontal health-Current molecular findings. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:254-267. [PMID: 34463979 PMCID: PMC8448672 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome is associated with a variety of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease. Oral dysbiosis in periodontal disease leads to an exacerbated host immune response that induces progressive periodontal tissue destruction and ultimately tooth loss. To counter the disease‐associated dysbiosis of the oral cavity, strategies have been proposed to reestablish a “healthy” microbiome via the use of probiotics. This study reviews the literature on the use of probiotics for modifying the oral microbial composition toward a beneficial state that might alleviate disease progression. Four in vitro and 10 preclinical studies were included in the analysis, and these studies explored the effects of probiotics on cultured biofilm growth and bacterial gene expressions, as well as modulation of the host response to inflammation. The current molecular findings on probiotics provide fundamental evidence for further clinical research for the use of probiotics in periodontal therapy. They also point out an important caveat: Changing the biofilm composition might alter the normal oral flora that is beneficial and/or critical for oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hanna Brody
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan Radaic
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miknevicius P, Zulpaite R, Leber B, Strupas K, Stiegler P, Schemmer P. The Impact of Probiotics on Intestinal Mucositis during Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179347. [PMID: 34502251 PMCID: PMC8430988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in females (incidence 16.4/10,000) and the third in males (incidence 23.4/10,000) worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy (CTx), radiation therapy (RTx), or a combined treatment of those are the current treatment modalities for primary CRC. Chemotherapeutic drug-induced gastrointestinal (GIT) toxicity mainly presents as mucositis and diarrhea. Preclinical studies revealed that probiotic supplementation helps prevent CTx-induced side effects by reducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine production and promoting crypt cell proliferation. Moreover, probiotics showed significant results in preventing the loss of body weight (BW) and reducing diarrhea. However, further clinical studies are needed to elucidate the exact doses and most promising combination of strains to reduce or prevent chemotherapy-induced side effects. The aim of this review is to overview currently available literature on the impact of probiotics on CTx-induced side effects in animal studies concerning CRC treatment and discuss the potential mechanisms based on experimental studies’ outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Miknevicius
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Ruta Zulpaite
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Bettina Leber
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-84094
| | - Peter Schemmer
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marzorati M, Calatayud M, Rotsaert C, Van Mele M, Duysburgh C, Durkee S, White T, Fowler K, Jannin V, Bellamine A. Comparison of protection and release behavior of different capsule polymer combinations based on L. acidophilus survivability and function and caffeine release. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120977. [PMID: 34384885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients, nutraceuticals, enzymes or probiotics requires an appropriate delivery system for optimal bioactivity and absorption. The harsh conditions during the gastrointestinal transit can degrade the administered products, hampering their efficacy. Enteric or delayed-release pharmaceutical formulations may help overcome these issues. In a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem model (SHIME) and using caffeine as a marker for release kinetics and L. acidophilus survivability as an indicator for protection, we compared the performance of ten capsule configurations, single or DUOCAP® combinations. The function of L. acidophilus and its impact on the gut microbiota was further tested in three selected capsule types, combinations of DRcaps® capsule in DRcaps® capsule (DR-in-DR) and DRcaps® capsule in Vcaps® capsule (DR-in-VC) and single Vcaps® Plus capsule under colonic conditions. We found that under stomach and small intestine conditions, DR-in-DR and DR-in-VC led to the best performance both under fed and fasted conditions based on the slow caffeine release and the highest L. acidophilus survivability. The Vcaps® Plus capsule however, led to the quickest caffeine and probiotic release. When DR-in-DR, DR-in-VC and single Vcaps® Plus capsules were tested through the whole gastrointestinal tract, including under colonic conditions, caffeine release was found to be slower in capsules containing DRcaps® capsules compared to the single Vcaps® capsules. In addition, colonic survival of L. acidophilus was significantly increased under fasted conditions in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC formulation compared to Vcaps® Plus capsule. To assess the impact of these formulations on the microbial function, acetate, butyrate and propionate as well as ammonia were measured. L. acidophilus released from DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC induced a significant increase in butyrate and a decrease in ammonia, suggesting a proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria and reduction in ammonia-producing bacteria. These data suggest that L. acidophilus included in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC reaching the colon is viable and functional, potentially contributing to changes in colonic microbiota composition and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marzorati
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Shane Durkee
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Tyler White
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Kelli Fowler
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Vincent Jannin
- Lonza Capsules and Health Ingredients, 10 rue Timken, 68000 Colmar, France.
| | - Aouatef Bellamine
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The results of the use of probiotic strains of microorganisms of the Bacillus family for the correction and formation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the impact on metabolism in calves are presented.
The aim of the study. To analyze the effect of probiotics on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in calves and biochemical parameters of blood in calves up to one month.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2020 in the conditions of Ukrainian farms for cattle breeding. Five experimental groups of five one-week-old calves were formed in each and one control group. Calves were kept separately in the same conditions on the same diet, but with feeding together with colostrum substitute probiotics of five grams per animal: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus. The strains are deposited and produced by “Kronos Agro” Ukraine.
Results. It was found that as a result of studies when feeding calves B. coagulans, B. pumilus and B. mucilaginosus the number of Lactobacillus sp. was 80 % higher than in the control group. The level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal values. Animals in the group where B. mucilaginosus was given had a higher amount of Candida - up to 300 CFU/g and Enterobacteriaceae – 200 CFU/g; which is 50 % less compared to control groups, but more than in the experiment with B. coagulans. According to the results of biochemical examination of blood serum in calves, the absence of toxic effects of probiotic strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus on the internal organs of animals was established.
Conclusions. It was found that the maximum positive effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of calves up to 30 days of age had B. coagulans (1×109) when fed at a dose of 5 g per animal. The amount of Lactobacillus sp. was the maximum and reached 800 CFU/g, which is 80 % more than in the control group. At the same time, the level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal indicators and was: Clostridium by 20 %, Escherichia coli – by 70 %, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Candida – 100 % less than the control.
In the study of biochemical parameters, it was found that the activity of enzymes, protein and glucose levels in the serum of experimental animals fed with B. coagulans were within the physiological norm, indicating a normal metabolic process and no toxic effects.
Collapse
|
25
|
Diep E, Schiffman JD. Encapsulating bacteria in alginate-based electrospun nanofibers. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4364-4373. [PMID: 34128000 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation technologies are imperative for the safe delivery of live bacteria into the gut where they regulate bodily functions and human health. In this study, we develop alginate-based nanofibers that could potentially serve as a biocompatible, edible probiotic delivery system. By systematically exploring the ratio of three components, the biopolymer alginate (SA), the carrier polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and the FDA approved surfactant polysorbate 80 (PS80), the surface tension and conductivity of the precursor solutions were optimized to electrospin bead-free fibers with an average diameter of 167 ± 23 nm. Next, the optimized precursor solution (2.8/1.2/3 wt% of SA/PEO/PS80) was loaded with Escherichia coli (E. coli, 108 CFU mL-1), which served as our model bacterium. We determined that the bacteria in the precursor solution remained viable after passing through a typical electric field (∼1 kV cm-1) employed during electrospinning. This is because the microbes are pulled into a sink-like flow, which encapsulates them into the polymer nanofibers. Upon electrospinning the E. coli-loaded solutions, beads that were much smaller than the size of an E. coli were initially observed. To compensate for the addition of bacteria, the SA/PEO/PS80 weight ratio was reoptimized to be 2.5/1.5/3. Smooth fibers with bulges around the live microbes were formed, as confirmed using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. By dissolving and plating the nanofibers, we found that 2.74 × 105 CFU g-1 of live E. coli cells were contained within the alginate-based fibers. This work demonstrates the use of electrospinning to encapsulate live bacteria in alginate-based nanofibers for the potential delivery of probiotics to the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Diep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) Modulates the Immune Response and Microbiota to Exert its Protective Effects Against Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1398-1408. [PMID: 31970649 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics form a promising strategy to maintain intestinal health. Milks fermented with probiotic strains, such as the Lactobacillus paracasei ST11, are largely commercialized in Brazil and form a low-cost alternative to probiotic pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, we assessed the probiotic effects of milk fermented by L. paracasei ST11 (administered through fermented milk) in a Salmonella typhimurium infection model in BALB/c mice. We observed in this murine model that the applied probiotic conferred protective effects against S. typhimurium infection, since its administration reduced mortality, weight loss, translocation to target organs (liver and spleen) and ileum injury. Moreover, a reduction in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 in animals that received the probiotic before challenge was observed. Additionally, the ileum microbiota was better preserved in these animals. The present study highlights a multifactorial protective aspect of this commercial probiotic strain against a common gastrointestinal pathogen.
Collapse
|
27
|
Development of gastro-resistant coated probiotic granulates and evaluation of viability and release during simulated upper gastrointestinal transit. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
28
|
Gurram S, Jha DK, Shah DS, Kshirsagar MM, Amin PD. Insights on the Critical Parameters Affecting the Probiotic Viability During Stabilization Process and Formulation Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:156. [PMID: 34008083 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have gained a lot of interest in recent years as an alternative as well as adjuvant therapy for several conditions owing to their health benefits. These live microorganisms have proven efficacy for treating gut disorders, inflammation, bacterial vaginosis, hepatic and depressive disorders, and many more. There are conventional as well as non-conventional formulations available for the delivery of probiotics with the latter having fewer regulatory guidelines. The conventional formulations include the pharmaceutical formulations specifically designed to deliver an efficacious number of viable microorganisms. Studies have indicated 108-109 CFU/g as an ideal dose of probiotics for achieving health benefits, and hence, all the formulations must at least contain the said number of viable bacteria to show a therapeutic effect. The most crucial feature of probiotic formulations is that the bacteria are prone to several environmental and processing factors which all together reduce the viability of the bacteria in the final formulation. These factors include processing parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, and storage conditions. Thus, the present review primarily focuses on the critical process parameters affecting the probiotic viability during stabilization process and formulation development. Understanding these factors prior to processing helps in delivering probiotics in the required therapeutic numbers at the target site.
Collapse
|
29
|
Development of coffee kombucha containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei: Gastrointestinal simulations and DNA microbial analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
30
|
Bonaccorso A, Russo N, Romeo A, Carbone C, Grimaudo MA, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Randazzo C, Musumeci T, Caggia C. Coating Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in Alginate Systems: an Emerging Strategy Towards Improved Viability in Orange Juice. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:123. [PMID: 33821421 PMCID: PMC8021512 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit juices are successfully proposed as suitable probiotic vehicles, but researchers' efforts should be developed to avoid effects of bacteria overgrowing on sensory and nutritional cues of final products and to preserve viability of probiotic bacteria during storage. In the present study, encapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG strain in alginate systems was performed through ionotropic gelation technology. The alginate systems were optimized by using Box-Behnken Design to investigate the influence of three independent variables at three different levels: particle mean size and polydispersity index. The optimized probiotic-loaded alginate particles were added to orange juice samples. The viability of the probiotic strain, both as free and microencapsulated, was evaluated in orange juice stored at 5°C for 35 days. Morphology and size of probiotic-loaded alginate particles were found suitable for incorporation into juice. TEM analysis revealed that unloaded systems were clustered as nanoparticles (CL_NP), while the loaded sample appeared as a coated system (Coated_LGG). Microbiological evaluation revealed that the encapsulation assured the survival of Coated_LGG, with a reduction of less than 1-unit log in cellular density after 35 days of refrigerated storage in orange juice. Results indicated that the encapsulated bacteria did not affect the macroscopic properties neither the microbiological characteristic of orange juice; thus, it can be proposed as functional food.
Collapse
|
31
|
Navarra P, Milleri S, Perez Iii M, Uboldi MC, Pellegrino P, Bois De Fer B, Morelli L. Kinetics of Intestinal Presence of Spores Following Oral Administration of Bacillus clausii Formulations: Three Single-Centre, Crossover, Randomised, Open-Label Studies. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 46:375-384. [PMID: 33683700 PMCID: PMC8093150 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Probiotics are live microorganisms that may provide benefits including the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and other diseases. Enterogermina is a probiotic mix of spores from four strains of Bacillus clausii (O/C, T, N/R and SIN), available in several oral formulations. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate and compare the kinetic profiles of different formulations of Enterogermina-vial [E4 once daily (OD) and E2 twice daily (BID)], capsule [EC2 three times daily (TID)], oral powder for suspension (ES6 OD) and oral powder not requiring suspension (E6 OD) from two studies from 2012 (EUDRACT 2010-024497-19 and 2010-023187-41) and one study from 2016 (EUDRACT 2015-003330-27). METHODS B. clausii spores were counted in homogenised faecal samples (results expressed as counts per gram) or after culture at 37 °C for 24-36 h (results expressed as colony-forming units). Kinetics were assessed by area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax) and spore presence/persistence. RESULTS In total, 22 subjects in each of the 2012 studies and 30 subjects in the 2016 study were randomised (mean age 25.0-33.8 years across studies). The mean (±SD) absolute faecal spore counts (in millions) expressed as AUC per hour were 270.7 ± 147.7 (E2 BID) and 213.8 ± 60.2 (E4 OD) in 2012 EGKINETIC4, 312.7 ± 218.0 (EC2 TID) and 319.0 ± 221.1 (ES6 OD) in 2012 EGKINETIC6, and 212.6 ± 118.0 (E6 OD) and 293.2 ± 247.2 (ES6 OD) in 2016 EGKINETIC6OP. The kinetic profiles of the different formulations of Enterogermina were similar, with superimposable AUC and daily curve profiles in each study up to the 8th day post dose. B. clausii spore presence/persistence in the intestine of healthy volunteers did not differ between the two formulations within each of the three studies. Enterogermina was well tolerated across all formulations and studies. CONCLUSION These results show different formulations of Enterogermina had similar kinetic profiles within each study; however, they also showed that probiotics could be associated with high variability. The European Medicines Agency guidelines are the current bioequivalence reference, although only the Tmax parameter is used for high variability drugs. Due to the specific kinetics of probiotics, new parameters of bioequivalence could be necessary, considering, for example, variability via a parameter such as AUC. TRIAL REGISTRATION EUDRACT 2010-024497-19, 2010-023187-41 and 2015-003330-27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Navarra
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Healthcare surveillance and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marcos Perez Iii
- Global Medical, Consumer Healthcare, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Beatrice Bois De Fer
- Sanofi Consumer Health Care Analytical and Scientific Platforms, Sanofi Clinical Sciences and Operations, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, CR, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Calumba KF, Reyes V, Bonilla F, Villasmil E, Sathivel S. Ale beer containing free and immobilized Lactobacillus brevis, a potential delivery system for probiotics. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-021-00051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Probiotics in ale beer may be attractive to health-conscious consumers. However, beer conditions may decrease probiotic viability. Powder produced from durian (Durio zibethinus) rind, a by-product that is currently unutilized, can be used for the immobilization of probiotics. MRS medium was incubated with Lactobacillus brevis and periodically sampled to obtain the growth curve. Ale beer with free L. brevis and cells immobilized in durian rind powder was produced and separately assessed during storage at 21 °C for 24 days. The physico-chemical parameters of both beers did not differ significantly. Durian rind powder conferred protection up to 12 days of storage with the immobilized cells in the beer having a significantly higher count than the free cells, which can be due to the acid detergent fiber content (19.67%). Free and immobilized cells remained viable with counts of 4.89 and 5.00 log CFU/mL of beer, respectively, at the end of the storage period. Both treatments had approximate counts of 5 log CFU/mL after 120 min in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The predominant bacterial species present at the end of storage were L. brevis and L. farciminis. This study suggests that ale beer could be a potential delivery system for free and immobilized probiotic bacteria. This is one of the few studies demonstrating the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in beer brewing.
Graphical abstract
Collapse
|
33
|
Mucoadhesive wafers for buccal delivery of probiotic bacteria: Mechanical properties and enumeration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
34
|
Microencapsulation May Preserve the Viability of Probiotic Bacteria During a Baking Process and Digestion: A Case Study with Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. lactis in Bread. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:576-589. [PMID: 33388937 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The high sensitivity of probiotic bacteria (PB) to many environmental factors limits the number of food products where they can be incorporated. This study aimed to examine the capability of a unique three-layered microcapsule structure to protect PB against extremely elevated temperatures and low pHs to allow their incorporation into bakery goods. The microcapsules were prepared first by granulation of a Bifidobacterium lactis (BL) strain, as a model PB, to form a core, and then coating the core with three consecutive protective layers. The physical features and the shape of the microcapsules obtained from three sequential preparations were characterized using various methods. A viable cell count was utilized to evaluate the efficiency of the microcapsule structure to protect the bacteria during a bread-baking process carried out at 180 °C for 40 min and also during the exposure to simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for up to 1 h. The results showed that whereas the free bacteria (unprotected BL) encountered a significant viability loss under these conditions, the microencapsulated BL presented superior resistance.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kamguyan K, Torp AM, Christfort JF, Guerra PR, Licht TR, Hagner Nielsen L, Zor K, Boisen A. Colon-Specific Delivery of Bioactive Agents Using Genipin-Cross-Linked Chitosan Coated Microcontainers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khorshid Kamguyan
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Meyer Torp
- The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juliane Fjelrad Christfort
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Priscila R. Guerra
- The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zor
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gunzburg WH, Aung MM, Toa P, Ng S, Read E, Tan WJ, Brandtner EM, Dangerfield J, Salmons B. Efficient protection of microorganisms for delivery to the intestinal tract by cellulose sulphate encapsulation. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:216. [PMID: 33243224 PMCID: PMC7691082 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota in humans and animals play an important role in health, aiding in digestion, regulation of the immune system and protection against pathogens. Changes or imbalances in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) have been linked to a variety of local and systemic diseases, and there is growing evidence that restoring the balance of the microbiota by delivery of probiotic microorganisms can improve health. However, orally delivered probiotic microorganisms must survive transit through lethal highly acid conditions of the stomach and bile salts in the small intestine. Current methods to protect probiotic microorganisms are still not effective enough. RESULTS We have developed a cell encapsulation technology based on the natural polymer, cellulose sulphate (CS), that protects members of the microbiota from stomach acid and bile. Here we show that six commonly used probiotic strains (5 bacteria and 1 yeast) can be encapsulated within CS microspheres. These encapsulated strains survive low pH in vitro for at least 4 h without appreciable loss in viability as compared to their respective non-encapsulated counterparts. They also survive subsequent exposure to bile. The CS microspheres can be digested by cellulase at concentrations found in the human intestine, indicating one mechanism of release. Studies in mice that were fed CS encapsulated autofluorescing, commensal E. coli demonstrated release and colonization of the intestinal tract. CONCLUSION Taken together, the data suggests that CS microencapsulation can protect bacteria and yeasts from viability losses due to stomach acid, allowing the use of lower oral doses of probiotics and microbiota, whilst ensuring good intestinal delivery and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Gunzburg
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore. .,Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Myo Myint Aung
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore
| | - Pauline Toa
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore
| | - Shirelle Ng
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore
| | - Eliot Read
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore
| | - Wee Jin Tan
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore
| | - Eva Maria Brandtner
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore.,VIVIT - Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - John Dangerfield
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore
| | - Brian Salmons
- Austrianova Singapore, 41 Science Park Road, #03-15 The Gemini, Singapore, 117610, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Satora M, Magdziarz M, Rząsa A, Rypuła K, Płoneczka-Janeczko K. Insight into the intestinal microbiome of farrowing sows following the administration of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic bacteria cultures under farming conditions. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:442. [PMID: 33187511 PMCID: PMC7666521 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the tendency to reduce antibiotic use in humans and animals, more attention is paid to feed additives as their replacement. Crucial role of feed additives is to improve the health status, production efficiency and performance. In this original research, we estimate the potential influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic formula including Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal microbiota of sows, using the next generation sequencing method (NGS). Results Our results indicate that the overall species richness as well as the composition of swine gut microbiota may be shaped by regular feeding with supplemented additives. On the Family and Genus level both additives (garlic extract and probiotics) seem to decrease microbiome diversity and richness. However, when it comes to garlic supplementation, we found the opposite trend on the Species level. Conclusions The analysis of the selected microbial function indicates that both additives used in this study (garlic extract and composition of probiotics) seem to create a greater metabolic potential than estimated in a control group of sows. A general trend of losing or decreasing members of pathogenic species in the swine microbiome seems to occur in relation to both supplemented additives. In the prevention of some bacterial diseases supplemented additives could be considered for future use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Satora
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Magdziarz
- Hugo Steinhaus Center, Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Rząsa
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rypuła
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Płoneczka-Janeczko
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gheorghita Puscaselu R, Lobiuc A, Dimian M, Covasa M. Alginate: From Food Industry to Biomedical Applications and Management of Metabolic Disorders. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2417. [PMID: 33092194 PMCID: PMC7589871 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially used extensively as an additive and ingredient in the food industry, alginate has become an important compound for a wide range of industries and applications, such as the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors. In the food industry, alginate has been used to coat fruits and vegetables, as a microbial and viral protection product, and as a gelling, thickening, stabilizing or emulsifying agent. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity and the possibility of it being used in quantum satis doses prompted scientists to explore new properties for alginate usage. Thus, the use of alginate has been expanded so as to be directed towards the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, where studies have shown that it can be used successfully as biomaterial for wound, hydrogel, and aerogel dressings, among others. Furthermore, the ability to encapsulate natural substances has led to the possibility of using alginate as a drug coating and drug delivery agent, including the encapsulation of probiotics. This is important considering the fact that, until recently, encapsulation and coating agents used in the pharmaceutical industry were limited to the use of lactose, a potentially allergenic agent or gelatin. Obtained at a relatively low cost from marine brown algae, this hydrocolloid can also be used as a potential tool in the management of diabetes, not only as an insulin delivery agent but also due to its ability to improve insulin resistance, attenuate chronic inflammation and decrease oxidative stress. In addition, alginate has been recognized as a potential weight loss treatment, as alginate supplementation has been used as an adjunct treatment to energy restriction, to enhance satiety and improve weight loss in obese individuals. Thus, alginate holds the promise of an effective product used in the food industry as well as in the management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. This review highlights recent research advances on the characteristics of alginate and brings to the forefront the beneficial aspects of using alginate, from the food industry to the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Gheorghita Puscaselu
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ali M, Razafindralambo HL, Conti G, De Coninck J. Bulk and Surface Wettability Characteristics of Probiotic Powders in Their Compressed Disc and Packed-Bed Column Forms. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22348-22355. [PMID: 32923792 PMCID: PMC7482236 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most probiotic-based products are available in powder particles under different solid-state forms. Such diversity can affect the probiotic stability, viability, and performance at different stages of processing, storage, and use. Here, we apply complementary physical chemistry techniques to characterize the bulk and surface properties of probiotic powder particles under different forms and report quantitative results of a highly concentrated multistrain reference product. The solid particle morphology, size/shape distribution, and the powder surface wettability in the compressed disc and porous packed bed forms are successively measured by sessile drop and capillary rise techniques. A complete wettability of the disc surface is observed through equilibrium contact angle measurements for various solvents, whereas the associated capillary rise data exhibit two regimes: a power law regime for the first few moments followed by a second regime, which can be described using Darcy's law. The use of this modeling approach shows the possibility of assessing the particle-packed bed permeability and porosity. These results open a new route of the structure-activity relationship study on the impact of probiotic solid particles on their functionalities and performance in promoting health benefits, related particularly to the human and animal gut permeability. This statement also strengthens the idea of using the compressed disc technique for easily performing probiotic wettability measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed
A. Ali
- Physics
of Surfaces and Interfaces Laboratory, University
of Mons, 19, Avenue Maistriau, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Hary L. Razafindralambo
- Gembloux
Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, B140, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Giuseppina Conti
- Physics
of Surfaces and Interfaces Laboratory, University
of Mons, 19, Avenue Maistriau, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Joël De Coninck
- Physics
of Surfaces and Interfaces Laboratory, University
of Mons, 19, Avenue Maistriau, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sharifi-Rad J, Rodrigues CF, Stojanović-Radić Z, Dimitrijević M, Aleksić A, Neffe-Skocińska K, Zielińska D, Kołożyn-Krajewska D, Salehi B, Milton Prabu S, Schutz F, Docea AO, Martins N, Calina D. Probiotics: Versatile Bioactive Components in Promoting Human Health. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E433. [PMID: 32867260 PMCID: PMC7560221 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The positive impact of probiotic strains on human health has become more evident than ever before. Often delivered through food, dietary products, supplements, and drugs, different legislations for safety and efficacy issues have been prepared. Furthermore, regulatory agencies have addressed various approaches toward these products, whether they authorize claims mentioning a disease's diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. Due to the diversity of bacteria and yeast strains, strict approaches have been designed to assess for side effects and post-market surveillance. One of the most essential delivery systems of probiotics is within food, due to the great beneficial health effects of this system compared to pharmaceutical products and also due to the increasing importance of food and nutrition. Modern lifestyle or various diseases lead to an imbalance of the intestinal flora. Nonetheless, as the amount of probiotic use needs accurate calculations, different factors should also be taken into consideration. One of the novelties of this review is the presentation of the beneficial effects of the administration of probiotics as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. Thus, this paper provides an integrative overview of different aspects of probiotics, from human health care applications to safety, quality, and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Selvaraj Milton Prabu
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Chidambaram, India;
| | - Francine Schutz
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Natália Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Patrignani F, Parolin C, D'Alessandro M, Siroli L, Vitali B, Lanciotti R. Evaluation of the fate of Lactobacillus crispatus BC4, carried in Squacquerone cheese, throughout the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). Food Res Int 2020; 137:109580. [PMID: 33233191 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus crispatus strain BC4, isolated from the human healthy vaginal environment and characterised by a strong antimicrobial activity against urogenital pathogens and foodborne microorganisms, was employed as a probiotic culture in the cheesemaking of the soft cheese Squacquerone. Such cheese is intended as a "gender food", that could be used as a hedonistic dietary strategy to reduce the incidence of woman vaginal dysbiosis and infections, given the evidence that a probiotic strain able to survive to the entire digestive process once ingested, can pass from intestine to vagina. This work was aimed to evaluate the resistance of L. crispatus BC4, carried in Squacquerone cheese, to different challenges of the human gastrointestinal tract, including the colon stage. The digestion process was tested using a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). The viability and metabolic activity of L. crispatus BC4 during the colon simulation were monitored by qPCR and gas chromatography, respectively, also in the presence of a complex microbiota. The results showed that L. crispatus BC4 survival was not affected by the gastric condition, while it was significantly affected by bile salts and pancreatic juice in small intestine conditions, where it decreased of approx. 0.6 log (colony-forming units) CFU/g. Differently, during colon simulation L. crispatus BC4 was able to grow in sterile colon conditions and to maintain viability in the presence of a complex microbiota. Moreover, during colon simulation, L. crispatus BC4 was metabolically active as demonstrated by the higher production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate. In the presence of a complex gut microbiota, a decrease of lactate was observed, due to its conversion into propionate (anti-cholesterol activity) and butyrate (anti-inflammatory activity) by cross-feeding. However, no differences in propionate and butyrate production could be observed between control cheese and cheese containing L. crispatus BC4. Despite this may appear as a negative outcome, it must be taken into account that, in this setup, only a single dose of the cheese was tested and the outcome of the colonization and impact of the gut microbiota might be different when daily repeated doses are tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Margherita D'Alessandro
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dudkiewicz A, Masmejean L, Arnaud C, Onarinde B, Sundara R, Pour-Taghi Anvarian A, Tucker N. Approaches for Improvement in Digestive Survival of Probiotics, a Comparative Study. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
43
|
Deol PK, Khare P, Singh DP, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Kaur IP. Pharmabiotic beads with improved encapsulation and gut survival for management of colonic inflammation associated gut derangements. J Drug Target 2020; 28:1053-1062. [PMID: 32459518 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1775838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation techniques and materials, explored for addressing compromised probiotic gut survival, report significant production losses resulting in <10% entrapment. Presently, we report three-time enhanced entrapment (30 ± 1.2%) of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) in calcium-alginate beads, by modifying process parameters and employing polyethylene glycol (PEG). Water-loving, viscolysing and osmotic-building effects of PEG create numerous, fine voids in the alginate gel allowing efficient diffusion of crosslinking calcium ions, resulting in less leaky beads. Eudragit S100 overcoat improved LAB survival by 690 times in simulated GIT stresses.In DMH-DSS induced colitis and precancerous lesions in rats, while free LAB failed to show any protection, pharmabiotic beads significantly (p < .05) reduced lipid peroxidation, increased antioxidant levels; decreased serum inflammatory burden; downregulated COX-2, iNOS, and c-Myc expression; elevated levels of the selected gut bacteria and SCFAs especially butyrate, all of which add up to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, balanced gut biota, and ultimately anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parneet Kaur Deol
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,G.H.G. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Ludhiana, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tang HW, Abbasiliasi S, Murugan P, Tam YJ, Ng HS, Tan JS. Influence of freeze-drying and spray-drying preservation methods on survivability rate of different types of protectants encapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC 3081. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1913-1920. [PMID: 32448058 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1770572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness of different drying methods and to investigate the effects of adding a series of individual protectant such as skim milk, sucrose, maltodextrin, and corn starch for preserving Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC 3081 cells during spray and freeze-drying and storage at different temperatures. Results showed a remarkable high survival rate of 70-80% immediately after spray- and freeze-drying in which the cell viability retained at the range of 109 to 1010 CFU/mL. After a month of storage, maltodextrin showed higher protective ability on both spray- and freeze-dried cells as compared to other protective agents at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C. A complete loss in viability of spray-dried L. acidophilus FTDC 3081 was observed after a month at 40°C in the absence of protective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hock Wei Tang
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Abbasiliasi
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Yew Joon Tam
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University , Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Hui Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Gelugor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Butler MI, Bastiaanssen TFS, Long-Smith C, Berding K, Morkl S, Cusack AM, Strain C, Busca K, Porteous-Allen P, Claesson MJ, Stanton C, Cryan JF, Allen D, Dinan TG. Recipe for a Healthy Gut: Intake of Unpasteurised Milk Is Associated with Increased Lactobacillus Abundance in the Human Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051468. [PMID: 32438623 PMCID: PMC7285075 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota plays a role in gut-brain communication and can influence psychological functioning. Diet is one of the major determinants of gut microbiota composition. The impact of unpasteurised dairy products on the microbiota is unknown. In this observational study, we investigated the effect of a dietary change involving intake of unpasteurised dairy on gut microbiome composition and psychological status in participants undertaking a residential 12-week cookery course on an organic farm. METHODS Twenty-four participants completed the study. The majority of food consumed during their stay originated from the organic farm itself and included unpasteurised milk and dairy products. At the beginning and end of the course, participants provided faecal samples and completed self-report questionnaires on a variety of parameters including mood, anxiety and sleep. Nutrient intake was monitored with a food frequency questionnaire. Gut microbiota analysis was performed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured. RESULTS Relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus increased significantly between pre- and post-course time points. This increase was associated with participants intake of unpasteurised milk and dairy products. An increase in the faecal SCFA, valerate, was observed along with an increase in the functional richness of the microbiome profile, as determined by measuring the predictive neuroactive potential using a gut-brain module approach. CONCLUSIONS While concerns in relation to safety need to be considered, intake of unpasteurised milk and dairy products appear to be associated with the growth of the probiotic bacterial genus, Lactobacillus, in the human gut. More research is needed on the effect of dietary changes on gut microbiome composition, in particular in relation to the promotion of bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus, which are recognised as being beneficial for a range of physical and mental health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary I. Butler
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-0-21-4901224
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Sabrina Morkl
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Cusack
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Conall Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Kizkitza Busca
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Penny Porteous-Allen
- Ballymaloe Cookery School, Organic Farm and Gardens, Shanagarry, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (P.P.-A.); (D.A.)
| | - Marcus J. Claesson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Darina Allen
- Ballymaloe Cookery School, Organic Farm and Gardens, Shanagarry, Co. Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (P.P.-A.); (D.A.)
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.F.S.B.); (C.L.-S.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (A.-M.C.); (C.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.C.); (C.S.); (J.F.C.); (T.G.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Xu Y, Ying J, Wang B, Majeed M, Majeed S, Pande A, Li W. Application of Bacillus coagulans in Animal Husbandry and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030454. [PMID: 32182789 PMCID: PMC7143728 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics, a kind of feed additive, are widely used in animal husbandry and the effects are quite positive. Many strains of Bacillus spp. are currently used as probiotic dietary supplements in animal feeds. Bacillus coagulans, a probiotic with good application prospects, piqued our strong interest. In this review, information on Bacillus coagulans in scientific research and production practices is summarized. Abstract In recent decades, probiotics have attracted widespread attention and their application in healthcare and animal husbandry has been promising. Among many probiotics, Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has become a key player in the field of probiotics in recent years. It has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the balance of the intestinal microbiota, promoting metabolism and utilization of nutrients, improving immunity, and more importantly, it also has good industrial properties such as high temperature resistance, acid resistance, bile resistance, and the like. This review highlights the effects of B. coagulans in animal husbandry and its underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Jiafu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka 560058, India;
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Anurag Pande
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13107728728
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiménez-Avalos JA, Arrevillaga-Boni G, González-López L, García-Carvajal ZY, González-Avila M. Classical methods and perspectives for manipulating the human gut microbial ecosystem. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:234-258. [PMID: 32114770 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1724075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A healthy Human Gut Microbial Ecosystem (HGME) is a necessary condition for maintaining the orderly function of the whole body. Major alterations in the normal gut microbial composition, activity and functionality (dysbiosis) by an environmental or host-related disruptive event, can compromise metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological processes, causing disorders such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and depressive episodes. The restore or the maintaining of the homeostatic balance of Gut Microbiota (GM) populations (eubiosis) is possible through diet, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and even Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Although these "classic methods" represent an effective and accepted way to modulate GM, the complexity of HGME requires new approaches to control it in a more appropriate way. Among the most promising emergent strategies for modulating GM are the use of engineered nanomaterials (metallic nanoparticles (NP), polymeric-NP, quantum dots, micelles, dendrimers, and liposomes); phagotherapy (i.e., phages linked with the CRISPR/Cas9 system), and the use of antimicrobial peptides, non-antibiotic drugs, vaccines, and immunoglobulins. Here we review the current state of development, implications, advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of the different approaches for manipulating HGME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Armando Jiménez-Avalos
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Arrevillaga-Boni
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Zaira Yunuen García-Carvajal
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marisela González-Avila
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Amin N, Boccardi V, Taghizadeh M, Jafarnejad S. Probiotics and bone disorders: the role of RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:363-371. [PMID: 31119697 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is the framework and in charge of body configuration preservation. As a living tissue, bones are constantly being formed and absorbed. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the main bone cells and balance between their activities indicates bone health. Several mechanisms influence the bone turnover and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is one of them. This system, whose components are part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, exists in many organs and could play a role in bone modeling and remodeling. RANKL/RANK pathway controls osteoclasts activity and formation. In addition, they are identified as key factors on bone turnover in different pathological situations. At the same time, OPG (RANKL's decoy receptor) plays role as a bone-protective factor by binding to RANKL and prevention of extra resorption. The lack of balance between RANKL and OPG could result in excessive bone resorption. Probiotics, the beneficial microorganisms for human health, entail bones in their advantages. Recent studies suggest that probiotics could reduce inflammatory factors (for example TNF-α and IL-1β) and increase bone OPG expression. In addition, probiotics have shown to maintain bones in various ways. Although current evidence is not enough for definitive approval of probiotics' efficacy on RANKL/RANK/OPG, its positive responses from conducted studies are significant. Understanding of the probiotics' effects on RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway will help focus future studies, and assist in developing efficient treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Amin
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Luo X, Song H, Yang J, Han B, Feng Y, Leng Y, Chen Z. Encapsulation of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 in a chitosan-alginate matrix by combining layer-by-layer assembly with CaCl 2 cross-linking for an effective treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110818. [PMID: 32018138 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been widely shown to effectively treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Unfortunately, after oral administration, EcN viability dramatically decreases due to severe environmental factors, including low gastric pH, temperature and osmotic pressure. To address these challenges and improve oral bio-availability, this study utilized layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) and ionic cross-linking with CaCl2 as a method of EcN encapsulation (GEcN). Upon examination, GEcN cells were shown to maintain their ability to grow and proliferate, but had a slightly longer stationary phase (10 h) relative to free EcN (4 h). When exposed to simulated gastric fluid (SGF), a higher number of GEcN cells survived up to 12 h when compared to the other groups. To assess the therapeutic effect of EcN encapsulation in vivo, a TNBS-induced colitis rat model was established. When compared with the oral administration of free EcN, GEcN exhibited a significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, GEcN treatment showed a lower disease activity index (DAI), decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (MPO, TNF-α, IL-6) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-10). Additionally, rats that received GEcN had much higher ZO-1 expression levels. These results suggest that EcN encapsulation in a chitosan-alginate matrix when utilizing the LbL assembly with CaCl2 cross-linking can improve probiotic viability in a gastric environmental and thereby offer a more effective treatment for IBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Luo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Haixing Song
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Biotechnology College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Biotechnology College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Yanbing Leng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Zhaoqiong Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vorländer K, Kampen I, Finke JH, Kwade A. Along the Process Chain to Probiotic Tablets: Evaluation of Mechanical Impacts on Microbial Viability. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010066. [PMID: 31952192 PMCID: PMC7022681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, probiotics are predominantly used in liquid or semi-solid functionalized foods, showing a rapid loss of cell viability. Due to the increasing spread of antibiotic resistance, probiotics are promising in pharmaceutical development because of their antimicrobial effects. This increases the formulation requirements, e.g., the need for an enhanced shelf life that is achieved by drying, mainly by lyophilization. For oral administration, the process chain for production of tablets containing microorganisms is of high interest and, thus, was investigated in this study. Lyophilization as an initial process step showed low cell survival of only 12.8%. However, the addition of cryoprotectants enabled survival rates up to 42.9%. Subsequently, the dried cells were gently milled. This powder was tableted directly or after mixing with excipients microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate or lactose. Survival rates during tableting varied between 1.4% and 24.1%, depending on the formulation and the applied compaction stress. More detailed analysis of the tablet properties showed advantages of excipients in respect of cell survival and tablet mechanical strength. Maximum overall survival rate along the complete manufacturing process was >5%, enabling doses of 6 × 108 colony forming units per gram (CFU gtotal−1), including cryoprotectants and excipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Vorländer
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.K.); (J.H.F.); (A.K.)
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Ingo Kampen
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.K.); (J.H.F.); (A.K.)
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.K.); (J.H.F.); (A.K.)
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.K.); (J.H.F.); (A.K.)
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|