1
|
Alomair BM, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alshammari MA, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as a possible risk factor for atherosclerosis in subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid Res 2024; 17:13. [PMID: 38880884 PMCID: PMC11181570 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-024-00199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hypothyroidism (PHT) is associated with an increased risk for the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and other cardiovascular disorders. PHT induces atherosclerosis (AS) through the induction of endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance (IR). PHT promotes vasoconstriction and the development of hypertension. However, patients with subclinical PHT with normal thyroid hormones (THs) are also at risk for cardiovascular complications. In subclinical PHT, increasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels could be one of the causative factors intricate in the progression of cardiovascular complications including AS. Nevertheless, the mechanistic role of PHT in AS has not been fully clarified in relation to increased TSH. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the association between increased TSH and AS, and how increased TSH may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS. In addition, we also discuss how L-thyroxine treatment affects the development of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basil Mohammed Alomair
- Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakakah, 04631, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majed Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al Jouf-Sakkaka, 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, 2770, NSW, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, Wuppertal, 42283, Germany.
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shao H, Zhang H, Jia D. The Role of Exerkines in Obesity-Induced Disruption of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Thermogenic Fat. Metabolites 2024; 14:287. [PMID: 38786764 PMCID: PMC11122964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a notable correlation between mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic disruption. In this review, we report that obesity-induced disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis adversely affects lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, oxidative capacity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and thermogenesis in thermogenic fat. Elevating mitochondrial homeostasis in thermogenic fat emerges as a promising avenue for developing treatments for metabolic diseases, including enhanced mitochondrial function, mitophagy, mitochondrial uncoupling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. The exerkines (e.g., myokines, adipokines, batokines) released during exercise have the potential to ameliorate mitochondrial homeostasis, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and stimulate fat browning and thermogenesis as a defense against obesity-associated metabolic diseases. This comprehensive review focuses on the manifold benefits of exercise-induced exerkines, particularly emphasizing their influence on mitochondrial homeostasis and fat thermogenesis in the context of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
- Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buonfiglio F, Ponto KA, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ, Gericke A. Redox mechanisms in autoimmune thyroid eye disease. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103534. [PMID: 38527685 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting the orbit and the eye with its adnexa, often occurring as an extrathyroidal complication of Graves' disease (GD). Orbital inflammatory infiltration and the stimulation of orbital fibroblasts, triggering de novo adipogenesis, an overproduction of hyaluronan, myofibroblast differentiation, and eventual tissue fibrosis are hallmarks of the disease. Notably, several redox signaling pathways have been shown to intensify inflammation and to promote adipogenesis, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrogenesis by upregulating potent cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. While existing treatment options can manage symptoms and potentially halt disease progression, they come with drawbacks such as relapses, side effects, and chronic adverse effects on the optic nerve. Currently, several studies shed light on the pathogenetic contributions of emerging factors within immunological cascades and chronic oxidative stress. This review article provides an overview on the latest advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of TED, with a special focus of the interplay between oxidative stress, immunological mechanisms and environmental factors. Furthermore, cutting-edge therapeutic approaches targeting redox mechanisms will be presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina A Ponto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - George J Kahaly
- Medicine I (GJK), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sheng Y, Zhu X, Wei L, Zou Y, Qi X, Shi R, Xu W, Wang X, Ding G, Duan Y. Aberrant expression of thyroidal hormone receptor α exasperating mitochondrial dysfunction induced sarcopenia in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7141-7152. [PMID: 38643465 PMCID: PMC11087121 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy contribute to functional deterioration of skeletal muscle (SM) during aging, but the regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) decreased significantly in aged mice, suggesting that the alteration of thyroidal elements, especially the decreased TRα, might attenuate local THs action thus to cause the degeneration of SM with aging, while the underlying mechanism remains to be further explored. In this study, decreased expression of myogenic regulators Myf5, MyoD1, mitophagy markers Pink1, LC3II/I, p62, as well as mitochondrial dynamic factors Mfn1 and Opa1, accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), showed concomitant changes with reduced TRα expression in aged mice. Further TRα loss- and gain-of-function studies in C2C12 revealed that silencing of TRα not only down-regulated the expression of above-mentioned myogenic regulators, mitophagy markers and mitochondrial dynamic factors, but also led to a significant decrease in mitochondrial activity and maximum respiratory capacity, as well as more mitochondrial ROS and damaged mitochondria. Notedly, overexpression of TRα could up-regulate the expression of those myogenic regulators, mitophagy markers and mitochondrial dynamic factors, meanwhile also led to an increase in mitochondrial activity and number. These results confirmed that TRα could concertedly regulate mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and activity, and myogenic regulators rhythmically altered with TRα expression. Summarily, these results suggested that the decline of TRα might cause the degeneration of SM with aging by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Sheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wei
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zou
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runqing Shi
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Duan
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sinha RA, Yen PM. Metabolic Messengers: Thyroid Hormones. Nat Metab 2024; 6:639-650. [PMID: 38671149 PMCID: PMC7615975 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are key hormones that regulate development and metabolism in mammals. In man, the major target tissues for TH action are the brain, liver, muscle, heart, and adipose tissue. Defects in TH synthesis, transport, metabolism, and nuclear action have been associated with genetic and endocrine diseases in man. Over the past few years, there has been renewed interest in TH action and the therapeutic potential of THs and thyromimetics to treat several metabolic disorders such as hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and TH transporter defects. Recent advances in the development of tissue and TH receptor isoform-targeted thyromimetics have kindled new hope for translating our fundamental understanding of TH action into an effective therapy. This review provides a concise overview of the historical development of our understanding of TH action, its physiological and pathophysiological effects on metabolism, and future therapeutic applications to treat metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| | - Paul M Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Div. Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma A, Zehra A, Mathew SJ. Myosin heavy chain-perinatal regulates skeletal muscle differentiation, oxidative phenotype and regeneration. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38358038 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain-perinatal (MyHC-perinatal) is one of two development-specific myosin heavy chains expressed exclusively during skeletal muscle development and regeneration. The specific functions of MyHC-perinatal are unclear, although mutations are known to lead to contracture syndromes such as Trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome. Here, we characterize the functions of MyHC-perinatal during skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. Loss of MyHC-perinatal function leads to enhanced differentiation characterized by increased expression of myogenic regulatory factors and differentiation index as well as reduced reserve cell numbers in vitro. Proteomic analysis revealed that loss of MyHC-perinatal function results in a switch from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism in myofibers, suggesting a shift from slow type I to fast type IIb fiber type, also supported by reduced mitochondrial numbers. Paracrine signals mediate the effect of loss of MyHC-perinatal function on myogenic differentiation, possibly mediated by non-apoptotic caspase-3 signaling along with enhanced levels of the pro-survival apoptosis regulator Bcl2 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Knockdown of MyHC-perinatal during muscle regeneration in vivo results in increased expression of the differentiation marker myogenin (MyoG) and impaired differentiation, evidenced by smaller myofibers, elevated fibrosis and reduction in the number of satellite cells. Thus, we find that MyHC-perinatal is a crucial regulator of myogenic differentiation, myofiber oxidative phenotype and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akashi Sharma
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
- Affiliated to KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Aatifa Zehra
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sam J Mathew
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
- Affiliated to KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu X, Zhang L, Zhang M, Mi W, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zou H, Liu C, Xu S. Correlation of subclinical hypothyroidism with sarcopenia and its components in the Chinese older adults. Endocrine 2023:10.1007/s12020-023-03654-7. [PMID: 38151629 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the correlation of thyroid function and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with sarcopenia and its components in the older Chinese adults. METHODS Older adults were recruited and divided into SCH group and non-SCH group. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured, and skeletal muscle index (SMI) was further calculated. Grip strength was measured. Physical performance was graded by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores of the gait speed test, chair stand test and balance test. RESULTS Of the 240 older adults included, 48 (20.00%) presented with SCH. The prevalence of sarcopenia in SCH group was higher than that in non-SCH group (33.33% v.s. 18.75%). Grip strength was significantly lower in patients with SCH than those without sarcopenia. In terms of physical performance, 6-meter gait speed and SPPB score were lower in subjects with SCH than those without SCH, while 5 sit-to-stand movements was longer score in subjects with SCH than those without SCH. SCH was significantly correlated with sarcopenia, while FT3, FT4, and TSH levels were not. SCH was significantly correlated with low muscle strength and low muscle mass, but not with low physical performance. FT3 level was positively correlated with grip strength and SMI. TSH level was negatively correlated with grip strength, 6-meter gait speed, and SPPB score, but positively correlated with the time of 5 sit-to-stand movements. CONCLUSION SCH is a risk factor for sarcopenia in the older adults and correlated with low muscle strength and low muscle mass, but not with low physical performance. FT3, FT4 and TSH levels are associated with sarcopenia components, but not with sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weinuo Mi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China.
| | - Huiling Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing (Thyroid Disease) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuhang Xu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marino L, Kim A, Ni B, Celi FS. Thyroid hormone action and liver disease, a complex interplay. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00521. [PMID: 37535802 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone action is involved in virtually all physiological processes. It is well known that the liver and thyroid are intimately linked, with thyroid hormone playing important roles in de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation (fatty acid oxidation), cholesterol metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Clinical and mechanistic research studies have shown that thyroid hormone can be involved in chronic liver diseases, including alcohol-associated or NAFLD and HCC. Thyroid hormone action and synthetic thyroid hormone analogs can exert beneficial actions in terms of lowering lipids, preventing chronic liver disease and as liver anticancer agents. More recently, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that some analogs of thyroid hormone could also play a role in the treatment of liver disease. These synthetic molecules, thyromimetics, can modulate lipid metabolism, particularly in NAFLD/NASH. In this review, we first summarize the thyroid hormone signaling axis in the context of liver biology, then we describe the changes in thyroid hormone signaling in liver disease and how liver diseases affect the thyroid hormone homeostasis, and finally we discuss the use of thyroid hormone-analog for the treatment of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Alliance Pharma, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Idera A, Sharkey LM, Kurauchi Y, Kadoyama K, Paulson HL, Katsuki H, Seki T. Wild-type and pathogenic forms of ubiquilin 2 differentially modulate components of the autophagy-lysosome pathways. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:182-192. [PMID: 37257946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations of ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2) have been identified to cause X-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Proteasome-mediated protein degradation is reported to be impaired by ALS-associated mutations of UBQLN2. However, it remains unknown how these mutations affect autophagy-lysosome protein degradation, which consists of macroautophagy (MA), microautophagy (mA), and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Using a CMA/mA fluorescence reporter we found that overexpression of wild-type UBQLN2 impairs CMA. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous UBQLN2 increases CMA activity, suggesting that normally UBQLN2 negatively regulates CMA. ALS-associated mutant forms of UBQLN2 exacerbate this impairment of CMA. Using cells stably transfected with wild-type or ALS-associated mutant UBQLN2, we further determined that wild-type UBQLN2 increased the ratio of LAMP2A (a CMA-related protein) to LAMP1 (a lysosomal protein). This could represent a compensatory reaction to the impairment of CMA by wild-type UBQLN2. However, ALS-associated mutant UBQLN2 failed to show this compensation, exacerbating the impairment of CMA by mutant UBQLN2. We further demonstrated that ALS-associated mutant forms of UBQLN2 also impair MA, but wild-type UBQLN2 does not. These results support the view that ALS-associated mutant forms of UBQLN2 impair both CMA and MA which may contribute to the neurodegeneration observed in patients with UBQLN2-mediated ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Idera
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Lisa M Sharkey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kadoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Japan
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tseng YH, Chang CC, Lin KH. Thyroid hormone upregulates LAMP2 expression and lysosome activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 662:66-75. [PMID: 37099812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3)-induced autophagy and its biological significance have been extensively investigated in recent years. However, limited studies to date have focused on the important role of lysosomes in autophagy. In this study, we explored the effects of T3 on lysosomal protein expression and trafficking in detail. Our findings showed that T3 activates rapid lysosomal turnover and expression of numerous lysosomal genes, including TFEB, LAMP2, ARSB, GBA, PSAP, ATP6V0B, ATP6V0D1, ATP6V1E1, CTSB, CTSH, CTSL, and CTSS, in a thyroid hormone receptor-dependent manner. In a murine model, LAMP2 protein was specifically induced in mice with hyperthyroidism. T3-promoted microtubule assembly was significantly disrupted by vinblastine, resulting in accumulation of the lipid droplet marker PLIN2. In the presence of the lysosomal autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1, chloroquine and ammonium chloride, we observed substantial accumulation of LAMP2 but not LAMP1 protein. T3 further enhanced the protein levels of ectopically expressed LAMP1 and LAMP2. Upon knockdown of LAMP2, cavities of lysosomes and lipid droplets accumulated in the presence of T3, although the changes in LAMP1 and PLIN2 expression were less pronounced. More specifically, the protective effect of T3 against ER stress-induced death was abolished by knockdown of LAMP2. Our collective results indicate that T3 not only promotes lysosomal gene expression but also LAMP protein stability and microtubule assembly, leading to enhancement of lysosomal activity in digesting any additional autophagosomal burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Tu YY, Zhao Z, Jin J, Tao J, Zhang XY. Lower serum FT3 within the reference range is associated with mortality for older adults over 80 years of age with sarcopenia. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 36747122 PMCID: PMC9900526 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid hormones stimulate myogenesis and muscle contraction and regulate skeletal muscle cell metabolism. However, the association between thyroid hormone levels and mortality in sarcopenic older adults remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormones and all-cause mortality in people over 80 years of age with sarcopenia. METHODS This study was performed on 264 sarcopenic patients aged 80 years and older. Serum levels of thyroid hormone, including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were tested to evaluate thyroid status. Sarcopenia was defined using the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Mortality data were available for up to 38 months of follow-up. The correlation between FT3 and calf circumference (CC) or handgrip strength (HGS) was determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the differences between FT3 tertile groups. Cox regression was used to analyze the mortality risk ratio of patients with different FT3 tertiles. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 88 older adults died. Non-Survivors had lower serum FT3 levels (3.7 ± 0.5 vs. 3.9 ± 0.7, P = 0.001) than the Survivor. Serum FT3 was positively associated with CC and HGS (r = 0.29, P < 0.001, r = 0.21, P = 0.002, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated a difference in mortality among the FT3 tertile groups (log-rank test, χ2 = 11.83, P = 0.003). The high FT3 group had lower mortality compared with the low FT3 group (the adjusted HRs were 0.63 (95%CI: 0.41-0.96 P = 0.031). CONCLUSION Lower FT3 within the reference range is associated with higher mortality in adults over 80 years with sarcopenia and euthyroid. Routine assessment of FT3 may be an easy way to identify high-risk older adults with sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - You-Yi Tu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Jun Jin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Jun Tao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Venediktova N, Solomadin I, Starinets V, Mironova G. Structural and Dynamic Features of Liver Mitochondria and Mitophagy in Rats with Hyperthyroidism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214327. [PMID: 36430802 PMCID: PMC9695125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of thyroxine on the biogenesis and quality control system of rat liver mitochondria. Chronic administration of thyroxine to experimental animals induced hyperthyroidism, which was confirmed by a severalfold increase in serum-free triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations. The uptake of oxygen was found to increase with a decrease in ADP phosphorylation efficiency and respiratory state ratio. Electron microscopy showed 36% of liver mitochondria to be swollen and approximately 18% to have a lysed matrix with a reduced number of cristae. Frequently encountered multilamellar bodies associated with defective mitochondria were located either at the edge of or inside the organelle. The number, area and perimeter of hyperthyroid rat mitochondria increased. Administration of thyroxine increased mitochondrial biogenesis and the quantity of mitochondrial DNA in liver tissue. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy changed significantly. The data obtained indicate that excess thyroid hormones cause a disturbance of the mitochondrial quality control system and ultimately to the incorporation of potentially toxic material in the mitochondrial pool.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou Z, Wang H, Zhang X, Song M, Yao S, Jiang P, Liu D, Wang Z, Lv H, Li R, Hong Y, Dai J, Hu Y, Zhao G. Defective autophagy contributes to endometrial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrauterine adhesions. Autophagy 2022; 18:2427-2442. [PMID: 35196191 PMCID: PMC9542425 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2038994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), characterized by endometrial fibrosis, is a common cause of uterine infertility. We previously demonstrated that partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the loss of epithelial homeostasis play a vital role in the development of endometrial fibrosis. As a pro-survival strategy in maintaining cell and tissue homeostasis, macroautophagy/autophagy, conversely, may participate in this process. However, the role of autophagy in endometrial fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that autophagy is defective in endometria of IUA patients, which aggravates EMT and endometrial fibrosis, and defective autophagy is related to DIO2 (iodothyronine deiodinase 2) downregulation. In endometrial epithelial cells (EECs), pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) promoted EEC-EMT, whereas enhanced autophagy by rapamycin extenuated this process. Mechanistically, silencing DIO2 in EECs blocked autophagic flux and promoted EMT via the MAPK/ERK-MTOR pathway. Inversely, overexpression of DIO2 or triiodothyronine (T3) treatment could restore autophagy and partly reverse EEC-EMT. Furthermore, in an IUA-like mouse model, the autophagy in endometrium was defective accompanied by EEC-EMT, and CQ could inhibit autophagy and aggravate endometrial fibrosis, whereas rapamycin or T3 treatment could improve the autophagic levels and blunt endometrial fibrosis. Together, we demonstrated that defective autophagy played an important role in EEC-EMT in IUA via the DIO2-MAPK/ERK-MTOR pathway, which provided a potential target for therapeutic implications.Abbreviations: ACTA2/α-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle; AMPK: adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG: autophagy related; CDH1/E-cadherin: cadherin 1; CDH2/N-cadherin: cadherin 2; CQ: chloroquine; CTSD: cathepsin D; DIO2: iodothyronine deiodinase 2; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; EECs: endometrial epithelial cells; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FN1: fibronectin 1; IUA: intrauterine adhesions; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; Rapa: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T3: triiodothyronine; T4: tetraiodothyronine; TFEB: transcription factor EB; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGFB/TGFβ: transforming growth factor beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Minmin Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Simin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruotian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Jianwu Dai Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Yali Hu
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,CONTACT Guangfeng Zhao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ohba K, Iwaki T. Role of thyroid hormone in an experimental model of atherosclerosis: the potential mediating role of immune response and autophagy. Endocr J 2022; 69:1043-1052. [PMID: 35871569 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that several conditions related to abnormal thyroid hormone status, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, or hypercoagulable state, can exacerbate atherosclerotic vascular disease. Thyroid hormone effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells have also been studied extensively. However, only limited information is available on thyroid hormone-mediated immune response in current review articles on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. This report thus presents an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic interactions taking place between thyroid hormone status and immune response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In particular, we focus on macrophages and T-lymphocytes, which have been recognized as important determinants for the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have revealed the role of autophagy in immune cells produced in atherosclerosis. In addition, thyroid hormones induce autophagy in several cells and tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscles, lungs, and brown adipose tissue. Our research group, among others, have reported different targets of thyroid hormone-mediated autophagy, including lipid droplets (lipophagy), mitochondria (mitophagy), and aggregated proteins (aggrephagy). Based on these findings, thyroid hormone-mediated autophagy could serve as a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis. We also consider the limitations of the current murine models for studies on atherosclerosis, especially in relation to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol driven atherosclerotic plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohba
- Medical Education Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giolito MV, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone signaling in the intestinal stem cells and their niche. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:476. [PMID: 35947210 PMCID: PMC11072102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies emphasized the function of the thyroid hormones in stem cell biology. These hormones act through the nuclear hormone receptor TRs, which are T3-modulated transcription factors. Pioneer work on T3-dependent amphibian metamorphosis showed that the crosstalk between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme is absolutely required for intestinal maturation and stem cell emergence. With the recent advances of powerful animal models and 3D-organoid cultures, similar findings have now begun to be described in mammals, where the action of T3 and TRα1 control physiological and cancer-related stem cell biology. In this review, we have summarized recent findings on the multiple functions of T3 and TRα1 in intestinal epithelium stem cells, cancer stem cells and their niche. In particular, we have highlighted the regulation of metabolic functions directly linked to normal and/or cancer stem cell biology. These findings help explain other possible mechanisms by which TRα1 controls stem cell biology, beyond the more classical Wnt and Notch signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li HY, Cai ZY. SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in aging-related diseases. J Biomed Res 2022; 37:77-88. [PMID: 36056557 PMCID: PMC10018414 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), the main family member of mitochondrial deacetylase, targets the majority of substrates controlling mitochondrial biogenesis via lysine deacetylation and modulates important cellular functions such as energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production and clearance, oxidative stress, and aging. Deletion of SIRT3 has a deleterious effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, thus leading to the defect in mitochondrial function and insufficient ATP production. Imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics leads to excessive mitochondrial biogenesis, dampening mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in several diseases related to aging, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) launches mitochondrial biogenesis through activating nuclear respiratory factors. These factors act on genes, transcribing and translating mitochondrial DNA to generate new mitochondria. PGC1α builds a bridge between SIRT3 and mitochondrial biogenesis. This review described the involvement of SIRT3 and mitochondrial dynamics, particularly mitochondrial biogenesis in aging-related diseases, and further illustrated the role of the signaling events between SIRT3 and mitochondrial biogenesis in the pathological process of aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Zhi-You Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tomatidine-stimulated maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for modeling mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:493-502. [PMID: 35379934 PMCID: PMC9076832 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) have been reported to exhibit immature embryonic or fetal cardiomyocyte-like phenotypes. To enhance the maturation of hESC-CMs, we identified a natural steroidal alkaloid, tomatidine, as a new substance that stimulates the maturation of hESC-CMs. Treatment of human embryonic stem cells with tomatidine during cardiomyocyte differentiation stimulated the expression of several cardiomyocyte-specific markers and increased the density of T-tubules. Furthermore, tomatidine treatment augmented the number and size of mitochondria and enhanced the formation of mitochondrial lamellar cristae. Tomatidine treatment stimulated mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production, in hESC-CMs. Tomatidine-treated hESC-CMs were more sensitive to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity than the control cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that tomatidine promotes the differentiation of stem cells to adult cardiomyocytes by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis and maturation and that tomatidine-treated mature hESC-CMs can be used for cardiotoxicity screening and cardiac disease modeling.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang S, Zhao X, Liu Q, Wang Y, Li S, Xu S. Selenoprotein K protects skeletal muscle from damage and is required for satellite cells-mediated myogenic differentiation. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102255. [PMID: 35144051 PMCID: PMC8844831 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
19
|
Cioffi F, Giacco A, Goglia F, Silvestri E. Bioenergetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormones. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060997. [PMID: 35326451 PMCID: PMC8947633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known, but there is also much more to discover, about the actions that thyroid hormones (TH) exert on metabolism. Indeed, despite the fact that thyroid hormones are recognized as one of the most important regulators of metabolic rate, much remains to be clarified on which mechanisms control/regulate these actions. Given their actions on energy metabolism and that mitochondria are the main cellular site where metabolic transformations take place, these organelles have been the subject of extensive investigations. In relatively recent times, new knowledge concerning both thyroid hormones (such as the mechanisms of action, the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and the mechanisms of energy transduction such as (among others) dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes and cristes organization, have opened new pathways of investigation in the field of the control of energy metabolism and of the mechanisms of action of TH at cellular level. In this review, we highlight the knowledge and approaches about the complex relationship between TH, including some of their derivatives, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nie S, Shi Z, Shi M, Li H, Qian X, Peng C, Ding X, Zhang S, Lv Y, Wang L, Kong B, Zou X, Shen S. PPARγ/SOD2 Protects Against Mitochondrial ROS-Dependent Apoptosis via Inhibiting ATG4D-Mediated Mitophagy to Promote Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:745554. [PMID: 35186942 PMCID: PMC8847684 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Our previous study found that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was capable of enhancing glycolysis in PDAC cells. However, whether PPARγ could promote PDAC progression remains unclear. In our present study, PPARγ was positively associated with tumor size and poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Functional assays demonstrated that PPARγ could promote the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, flow cytometry results showed that PPARγ decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitochondrial ROS) production, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and inhibited cell apoptosis via up-regulating superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), followed by the inhibition of ATG4D-mediated mitophagy. Meanwhile, the activation of PPARγ might reduce pancreatic cancer cell stemness to improve PDAC chemosensitivity via down-regulating ATG4D. Thus, these results revealed that PPARγ/SOD2 might protect against mitochondrial ROS-dependent apoptosis via inhibiting ATG4D-mediated mitophagy to promote pancreatic cancer proliferation, further improving PDAC chemosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Shi
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuetian Qian
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China.,Department of Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Runfola M, Perni M, Yang X, Marchese M, Bacci A, Mero S, Santorelli FM, Polini B, Chiellini G, Giuliani D, Vilella A, Bodria M, Daini E, Vandini E, Rudge S, Gul S, Wakelam MOJ, Vendruscolo M, Rapposelli S. Identification of a Thyroid Hormone Derivative as a Pleiotropic Agent for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1330. [PMID: 34959730 PMCID: PMC8704018 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of effective pharmacological tools for Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the main challenges for therapeutic discovery. Due to the variety of pathological processes associated with AD, a promising route for pharmacological intervention involves the development of new chemical entities that can restore cellular homeostasis. To investigate this strategy, we designed and synthetized SG2, a compound related to the thyroid hormone thyroxine, that shares a pleiotropic activity with its endogenous parent compound, including autophagic flux promotion, neuroprotection, and metabolic reprogramming. We demonstrate herein that SG2 acts in a pleiotropic manner to induce recovery in a C. elegans model of AD based on the overexpression of Aβ42 and improves learning abilities in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Further, in vitro ADME-Tox profiling and toxicological studies in zebrafish confirmed the low toxicity of this compound, which represents a chemical starting point for AD drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Runfola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Michele Perni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (M.P.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (M.P.); (X.Y.)
| | - Maria Marchese
- Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Bacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Serena Mero
- Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filippo M. Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Grazia Chiellini
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Daniela Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (E.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Antonietta Vilella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (E.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Martina Bodria
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (E.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Eleonora Daini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (E.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Eleonora Vandini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (E.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Simon Rudge
- Ibabraham Research Campus, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (S.R.); (M.O.J.W.)
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg Site, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michale O. J. Wakelam
- Ibabraham Research Campus, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (S.R.); (M.O.J.W.)
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (M.P.); (X.Y.)
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.R.); (A.B.)
- CISUP, Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kapri D, Fanibunda SE, Vaidya VA. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Putative molecular and cellular mechanisms. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 118:1-33. [PMID: 35180924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to perturbations in thyroid hormone signaling, with evidence supporting a key role for thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the regulation of postmitotic progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation. In this book chapter we summarize the current understanding of the effects of thyroid hormone signaling on adult hippocampal progenitor development, and also critically address the role of TRs in regulation of distinct aspects of stage-specific hippocampal progenitor progression. We highlight actions of thyroid hormone on thyroid hormone responsive target genes, and the implications for hippocampal progenitor regulation. Given the influence of thyroid hormone on both mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, we discuss a putative role for regulation of metabolism in the effects of thyroid hormone on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, we highlight specific ideas that require detailed experimental investigation, and the need for future studies to obtain a deeper mechanistic insight into the influence of thyroid hormone and TRs in the developmental progression of adult hippocampal progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Kapri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sashaina E Fanibunda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India; Medical Research Centre, Kasturba Health Society, Mumbai, India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The Role of Interaction between Mitochondria and the Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9932442. [PMID: 34707784 PMCID: PMC8545566 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9932442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a condition which affects mainly older adults, that suggests mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which follow cells senescence, and might contribute to the disease onset. We have assumed pathogenesis associated with crosstalk between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mitochondria, mainly based on mitochondrial equilibrium impairment consisting of (1) tyrosine kinases and serine-threonine kinase (TKs and ST-Ks) activation via cytokines, (2) mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction and in consequence electrons leak with lower ATP synthesis, (3) the activation of latent TGF-β via αVβ6 integrin, (4) tensions transduction via α2β1 integrin, (5) inefficient mitophagy, and (6) stress inhibited biogenesis. Mitochondria dysfunction influences ECM composition and vice versa. Damaged mitochondria release mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the microenvironment. Therefore, airway epithelial cells (AECs) undergo transition and secrete cytokines. Described factors initiate an inflammatory process with immunological enhancement. In consequence, local fibroblasts exposed to harmful conditions transform into myofibroblasts, produce ECM, and induce progression of fibrosis. In our review, we summarize numerous aspects of mitochondrial pathobiology, which seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. In addition, an increasing body of evidence suggests considering crosstalk between the ECM and mitochondria in this context. Moreover, mitochondria and ECM seem to be important players in the antifibrotic treatment of IPF.
Collapse
|
24
|
De Stefano MA, Ambrosio R, Porcelli T, Orlandino G, Salvatore D, Luongo C. Thyroid Hormone Action in Muscle Atrophy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110730. [PMID: 34822388 PMCID: PMC8625289 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a condition associated with various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, such as denervation, cachexia, and fasting. It is characterized by an altered protein turnover in which the rate of protein degradation exceeds the rate of protein synthesis, leading to substantial muscle mass loss and weakness. Muscle protein breakdown reflects the activation of multiple proteolytic mechanisms, including lysosomal degradation, apoptosis, and ubiquitin-proteasome. Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a key role in these conditions. Indeed, skeletal muscle is among the principal TH target tissue, where TH regulates proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, homeostasis, and growth. In physiological conditions, TH stimulates both protein synthesis and degradation, and an alteration in TH levels is often responsible for a specific myopathy. Intracellular TH concentrations are modulated in skeletal muscle by a family of enzymes named deiodinases; in particular, in muscle, deiodinases type 2 (D2) and type 3 (D3) are both present. D2 activates the prohormone T4 into the active form triiodothyronine (T3), whereas D3 inactivates both T4 and T3 by the removal of an inner ring iodine. Here we will review the present knowledge of TH action in skeletal muscle atrophy, in particular, on the molecular mechanisms presiding over the control of intracellular T3 concentration in wasting muscle conditions. Finally, we will discuss the possibility of exploiting the modulation of deiodinases as a possible therapeutic approach to treat muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Ambrosio
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou J, Gauthier K, Ho JP, Lim A, Zhu XG, Han CR, Sinha RA, Cheng SY, Yen PM. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Regulates Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Fatty Acid Use in Skeletal Muscle. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6291921. [PMID: 34086893 PMCID: PMC8427735 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) weakness occurs in hypothyroidism and resistance to thyroid hormone α (RTHα) syndrome. However, the cell signaling and molecular mechanism(s) underlying muscle weakness under these conditions is not well understood. We thus examined the role of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα), the predominant TR isoform in SM, on autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolism to demonstrate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying muscle weakness in these two conditions. Two genetic mouse models were used in this study: TRα1PV/+ mice, which express the mutant Thra1PV gene ubiquitously, and SM-TRα1L400R/+ mice, which express TRα1L400R in a muscle-specific manner. Gastrocnemius muscle from TRα1PV/+, SM-TRα1L400R/+, and their control mice was harvested for analyses. We demonstrated that loss of TRα1 signaling in gastrocnemius muscle from both the genetic mouse models led to decreased autophagy as evidenced by accumulation of p62 and decreased expression of lysosomal markers (lysosomal-associated membrane protein [LAMP]-1 and LAMP-2) and lysosomal proteases (cathepsin B and cathepsin D). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), key factors contributing to mitochondrial biogenesis as well as mitochondrial proteins, were decreased, suggesting that there was reduced mitochondrial biogenesis due to the expression of mutant TRα1. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of SM suggested that lipid catabolism was impaired and was associated with decreased acylcarnitines and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in the SM from the mouse line expressing SM-specific mutant TRα1. Our results provide new insight into TRα1-mediated cell signaling, molecular, and metabolic changes that occur in SM when TR action is impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: Jin Zhou, PhD, Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jia Pei Ho
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lim
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xu-Guang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Paul Michael Yen
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Correspondence: Paul M. Yen, MD, Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mishra J, Vishwakarma J, Malik R, Gupta K, Pandey R, Maurya SK, Garg A, Shukla M, Chattopadhyay N, Bandyopadhyay S. Hypothyroidism Induces Interleukin-1-Dependent Autophagy Mechanism as a Key Mediator of Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Decline in Postnatal Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1196-1211. [PMID: 33106949 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for brain development, and hypothyroidism induces cognitive deficits in children and young adults. However, the participating mechanisms remain less explored. Here, we examined the molecular mechanism, hypothesizing the involvement of a deregulated autophagy and apoptosis pathway in hippocampal neurons that regulate cognitive functions. Therefore, we used a rat model of developmental hypothyroidism, generated through methimazole treatment from gestation until young adulthood. We detected that methimazole stimulated the autophagy mechanism, characterized by increased LC3B-II, Beclin-1, ATG7, and ATG5-12 conjugate and decreased p-mTOR/mTOR and p-ULK1/ULK1 autophagy regulators in the hippocampus of developing and young adult rats. This methimazole-induced hippocampal autophagy could be inhibited by thyroxine treatment. Subsequently, probing the upstream mediators of autophagy revealed an increased hippocampal neuroinflammation, marked by upregulated interleukin (IL)-1alpha and beta and activated microglial marker, Iba1, promoting neuronal IL-1 receptor-1 expression. Hence, IL-1R-antagonist (IL-1Ra), which reduced hippocampal neuronal IL-1R1, also inhibited the enhanced autophagy in hypothyroid rats. We then linked these events with hypothyroidism-induced apoptosis and loss of hippocampal neurons, where we observed that like thyroxine, IL-1Ra and autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, reduced the cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL-stained apoptotic neurons and enhanced Nissl-stained neuronal count in methimazole-treated rats. We further related these molecular results with cognition through Y-maze and passive avoidance tests, demonstrating an IL-1Ra and 3-methyladenine-mediated improvement in learning-memory performances of the hypothyroid rats. Taken together, our study enlightens the critical role of neuroinflammation-dependent autophagy mechanism in TH-regulated hippocampal functions, disrupted in developmental hypothyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Babu Banarasi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Vishwakarma
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rafat Malik
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Keerti Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Asmita Garg
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Venugopalan V, Al-Hashimi A, Rehders M, Golchert J, Reinecke V, Homuth G, Völker U, Manirajah M, Touzani A, Weber J, Bogyo MS, Verrey F, Wirth EK, Schweizer U, Heuer H, Kirstein J, Brix K. The Thyroid Hormone Transporter Mct8 Restricts Cathepsin-Mediated Thyroglobulin Processing in Male Mice through Thyroid Auto-Regulatory Mechanisms That Encompass Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010462. [PMID: 33466458 PMCID: PMC7796480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland is both a thyroid hormone (TH) generating as well as a TH responsive organ. It is hence crucial that cathepsin-mediated proteolytic cleavage of the precursor thyroglobulin is regulated and integrated with the subsequent export of TH into the blood circulation, which is enabled by TH transporters such as monocarboxylate transporters Mct8 and Mct10. Previously, we showed that cathepsin K-deficient mice exhibit the phenomenon of functional compensation through cathepsin L upregulation, which is independent of the canonical hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, thus, due to auto-regulation. Since these animals also feature enhanced Mct8 expression, we aimed to understand if TH transporters are part of the thyroid auto-regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, we analyzed phenotypic differences in thyroid function arising from combined cathepsin K and TH transporter deficiencies, i.e., in Ctsk-/-/Mct10-/-, Ctsk-/-/Mct8-/y, and Ctsk-/-/Mct8-/y/Mct10-/-. Despite the impaired TH export, thyroglobulin degradation was enhanced in the mice lacking Mct8, particularly in the triple-deficient genotype, due to increased cathepsin amounts and enhanced cysteine peptidase activities, leading to ongoing thyroglobulin proteolysis for TH liberation, eventually causing self-thyrotoxic thyroid states. The increased cathepsin amounts were a consequence of autophagy-mediated lysosomal biogenesis that is possibly triggered due to the stress accompanying intrathyroidal TH accumulation, in particular in the Ctsk-/-/Mct8-/y/Mct10-/- animals. Collectively, our data points to the notion that the absence of cathepsin K and Mct8 leads to excessive thyroglobulin degradation and TH liberation in a non-classical pathway of thyroid auto-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Venugopalan
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Focus Area HEALTH, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-29759 Bremen, Germany; (V.V.); (A.A.-H.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Alaa Al-Hashimi
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Focus Area HEALTH, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-29759 Bremen, Germany; (V.V.); (A.A.-H.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Maren Rehders
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Focus Area HEALTH, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-29759 Bremen, Germany; (V.V.); (A.A.-H.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Janine Golchert
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (V.R.); (G.H.); (U.V.)
| | - Vivien Reinecke
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (V.R.); (G.H.); (U.V.)
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (V.R.); (G.H.); (U.V.)
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (V.R.); (G.H.); (U.V.)
| | - Mythili Manirajah
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Focus Area HEALTH, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-29759 Bremen, Germany; (V.V.); (A.A.-H.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Adam Touzani
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Focus Area HEALTH, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-29759 Bremen, Germany; (V.V.); (A.A.-H.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jonas Weber
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Focus Area HEALTH, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-29759 Bremen, Germany; (V.V.); (A.A.-H.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Matthew S. Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA;
| | - Francois Verrey
- Physiologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Eva K. Wirth
- Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bonn, Nußallee 11, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Heike Heuer
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Fachbereich 2 Biologie/Chemie, Faculty of Cell Biology, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 5, D-28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Klaudia Brix
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Focus Area HEALTH, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-29759 Bremen, Germany; (V.V.); (A.A.-H.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-421-200-3246
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Q, Liu W, Liu G, Li P, Guo X, Zhang C. AMPK-mTOR-ULK1-mediated autophagy protects carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic failure by inhibiting p21 in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:73-82. [PMID: 33627946 PMCID: PMC7890163 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells. Recent
studies have reported that autophagy can facilitate the activation of hepatic stellate
cells (HSCs) and fibrogenesis of the liver during long-term carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4) exposure. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in
CCl4-induced acute hepatic failure (AHF). This study aimed to identify
whether modulation of autophagy can affect CCl4-induced AHF and evaluate the
upstream signaling pathways mediated by CCl4-induced autophagy in rats. The
accumulation of specific punctate distribution of endogenous LC3-II, increased expression
of LC3-II, Atg5, and Atg7 genes/proteins, and decreased expression of p62 gene were
observed after acute liver injury was induced by CCl4 in rats, indicating that
CCl4 resulted in a high level of autophagy. Moreover, loss of autophagic
function by using chloroquine (CQ, an autophagic inhibitor) aggravated liver function,
leading to increased expression of p21 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) in
CCl4-treated rats. Furthermore, the AMPK-mTORC1-ULK1 axis was found to serve
a function in CCl4-induced autophagy. These results reveal that
AMPK-mTORC1-ULK1 signaling-induced autophagy has a protective role in
CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the p21 pathway. This study suggests
a useful strategy aimed at ameliorating CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity by
autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Weixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Gaopeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Xueqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
An X, Ogawa-Wong A, Carmody C, Ambrosio R, Cicatiello AG, Luongo C, Salvatore D, Handy DE, Larsen PR, Wajner SM, Dentice M, Zavacki AM. A Type 2 Deiodinase-Dependent Increase in Vegfa Mediates Myoblast-Endothelial Cell Crosstalk During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Thyroid 2021; 31:115-127. [PMID: 32787533 PMCID: PMC7840309 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroxine to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), modulating intracellular T3. An increase in DIO2 within muscle stem cells during skeletal muscle regeneration leads to T3-dependent potentiation of differentiation. The muscle stem cell niche comprises numerous cell types, which coordinate the regeneration process. For example, muscle stem cells provide secretory signals stimulating endothelial cell-mediated vascular repair, and, in turn, endothelial cells promote muscle stem differentiation. We hypothesized that Dio2 loss in muscle stem cells directly impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell communication, leading to downstream disruption of endothelial cell function. Methods: We assessed the production of proangiogenic factors in differentiated C2C12 cells and in a C2C12 cell line without Dio2 (D2KO C2C12) by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditioned medium (CM) was collected daily in parallel to evaluate its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration and chemotaxis, and vascular network formation. The effects of T3-treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa) mRNA expression in C2C12 cells and mouse muscle were assessed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding to the Vegfa gene. Using mice with a targeted disruption of Dio2 (D2KO mice), we determined endothelial cell number by immunohistochemistry/flow cytometry and evaluated related gene expression in both uninjured and injured skeletal muscle. Results: In differentiated D2KO C2C12 cells, Vegfa expression was 46% of wildtype (WT) C2C12 cells, while secreted VEGF was 45%. D2KO C2C12 CM exhibited significantly less proangiogenic effects on HUVECs. In vitro and in vivo T3 treatment of C2C12 cells and WT mice, and ChIP using antibodies against TRα, indicated that Vegfa is a direct genomic T3 target. In uninjured D2KO soleus muscle, Vegfa expression was decreased by 28% compared with WT mice, while endothelial cell numbers were decreased by 48%. Seven days after skeletal muscle injury, D2KO mice had 36% fewer endothelial cells, coinciding with an 83% decrease in Vegfa expression in fluorescence-activated cell sorting purified muscle stem cells. Conclusion:Dio2 loss in the muscle stem cell impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell crosstalk via changes in the T3-responsive gene Vegfa, leading to downstream impairment of endothelial cell function both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing An
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley Ogawa-Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colleen Carmody
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P. Reed Larsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery and University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Borisov DV, Gubaeva DN, Praskurnichiy EA. [Use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: literature review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:6-14. [PMID: 33351333 DOI: 10.14341/probl12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death all over the world. Thyroid hormones play a significant role in the regulation of cardiac function. According to a number of researches, patients with cardiovascular diseases usually have a decrease in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood serum, which may be associated with a poor prognosis. Today it still remains unclear whether the change in the bioavailability of thyroid hormones in the myocardium is a favorable physiological mechanism or a replication of an adaptation disorder. Experimental researches suggest that thyroid hormone therapy may be applied in clinical cardiology. This review describes the results of researches examining the use of thyroid hormones in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as experiment data on animal models. The available data on the use of thyroid hormones in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure allow us to suggest that normalization of thyroid hormone levels is a safe and potentially effective treatment method in the group of patients with cardiovascular disease. At the same time, the data on the use of thyroid hormones in patients who have undergone an open-heart surgery or heart transplantation are limited. However, at present, it is difficult to draw unambiguous conclusions about the benefits, as well as about the possible risk of using thyroid hormones in the described conditions. Large-scale clinical researches are required to confirm the safety and evaluate the effectiveness of such therapy. Moreover, it is necessary to set parameters for evaluating the safety and effectiveness and understand which hormone (thyroxine or triiodothyronine), what dosage and at what stage of the disease should be applied. Until we do not have answers for these questions, thyroid hormone therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases should remain within the research field.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bloise FF, Santos AT, de Brito J, de Andrade CBV, Oliveira TS, de Souza AFP, Fontes KN, Silva JD, Blanco N, Silva PL, Rocco PRM, Fliers E, Boelen A, da-Silva WS, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Sepsis Impairs Thyroid Hormone Signaling and Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Diaphragm. Thyroid 2020; 30:1079-1090. [PMID: 32200709 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sepsis can cause the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), resulting in perturbed thyroid hormone (TH) signaling and reduced thyroxine (T4) levels. TH is a major regulator of muscle function, via its influence on mitochondria. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between TH signaling, mitochondrial function, and the antioxidant defense system in the diaphragms of septic mice. Methods: Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into two groups: cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and sham. Twenty-four hours after surgery, plasma, diaphragms, and livers were collected. TH metabolism and responses were analyzed by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Dio1 in the liver, and Thra, Thrb, Dio2, Slc16a10, and Slc16a2 (encodes MCT 10 and 8), in the diaphragm. T4 plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Damage to diaphragm mitochondria was assessed by electron microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and function with oxygraphy. The diaphragm antioxidative defense system was examined by qPCR, analyzing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 (Sod1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD 2; Sod2), extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD 3; Sod3), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), and catalase (Cat) expression. The effect of TH replacement was tested by treating the mice with T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) (CLP+TH) after surgery. Results: CLP mice presented reduced total plasma T4 concentrations, downregulated Dio1, and upregulated Il1b mRNA expression in the liver. CLP mice also displayed downregulated Thra, Thrb, Slc16a10, and Slc16a2 expression in the diaphragm, suggesting that TH signaling was compromised. The expression of Ppargc1a (encoding PGC1a) was downregulated, which correlated with the decrease in the number of total mitochondria, increase in the percentage of injured mitochondria, downregulation of respiratory chain complex 2 and 3 mRNA expression, and reduced maximal respiration. In addition, septic animals presented a three-fold increase in Ucp3 and G6pdh expression; downregulated Sod3, Gpx1, and Cat expression; and upregulated Sod2 expression, potentially due to elevated reactive oxygen species levels. The mitochondrial number and the percentage of injured mitochondrial were similar between sham and CLP+TH mice. Conclusions: Sepsis induced responses consistent with NTIS, resulted in mitochondrial damage and functional impairment, and modulated the expression of key antioxidant enzymes in the diaphragm. Thus, impaired diaphragm function during sepsis seems to involve altered local TH signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fonseca Bloise
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson Teixeira Santos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Brito
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cherley Borba Vieira de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamires Siqueira Oliveira
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fonseca Pereira de Souza
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Klaus Novaes Fontes
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johnatas D Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Blanco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wagner Seixas da-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kurashige T, Nakajima Y, Shimamura M, Yamada M, Nagayama Y. Hormonal Regulation of Autophagy in Thyroid PCCL3 Cells and the Thyroids of Male Mice. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa054. [PMID: 32671315 PMCID: PMC7347287 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process by which cells degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in the lysosomes and recycle their metabolites. We have recently demonstrated the crucial role for the basal level of autophagic activity in thyrocyte survival and homeostasis using the thyroid-specific autophagy knockout mice. Here, we first studied hormonal regulation of autophagy in thyrocytes in vitro using a rat thyroid cell line PCCl3 and in vivo with mice. In cultured PCCl3 cells, thyroxine decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta (a component of autophagosome) and increased p62 (an autophagy substrate) levels, showing thyroxine-suppression of autophagy. In contrast, TSH increased both LC3 puncta and p62 levels, but at the same time stabilized p62 protein by inhibiting p62 degradation, indicating TSH induction of autophagy. Our experiments with various inhibitors identified that both the cAMP-protein kinase (PK) A-cAMP response element binding protein/ERK and PKC signaling pathways regulates positively autophagic activity. The in vivo results obtained with wild-type mice treated with methimazole and perchlorate or thyroxine were consistent with in vitro results. Next, in thyroid-specific autophagy knockout mice treated with methimazole and perchlorate (that is, mice were placed under a stressed condition where enhanced autophagy was required) for 2 months, lower follicle sizes and lower thyroglobulin contents in thyrocytes were observed, suggesting impaired thyroglobulin production presumably from insufficient nutrient supply. We therefore conclude that TSH positively regulates autophagic activity through the cAMP-PKA-cAMP response element binding protein/ERK and PKC signaling pathways, whereas thyroid hormones inhibit its activity in thyrocytes. Metabolites produced by autophagy appear to be necessary for protein synthesis stimulated by TSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kurashige
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nakajima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mika Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim KW, Cho HJ, Khaliq SA, Son KH, Yoon MS. Comparative Analyses of mTOR/Akt and Muscle Atrophy-Related Signaling in Aged Respiratory and Gastrocnemius Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082862. [PMID: 32326050 PMCID: PMC7215274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with aging and occurs in the absence of any underlying disease or condition. A comparison of the age-related molecular signaling signatures of different muscles has not previously been reported. In this study, we compared the age-related molecular signaling signatures of the intercostal muscles, the diaphragm, and the gastrocnemii using 6-month and 20-month-old rats. The phosphorylation of Akt, ribosomal S6, and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in diaphragms significantly increased with age, but remained unchanged in the intercostal and gastrocnemius muscles. In addition, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, characterized by the levels of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1, did not change with age in all rat muscles. Interestingly, an increase in LC3BII and p62 levels marked substantial blockage of autophagy in aged gastrocnemii but not in aged respiratory muscles. These changes in LC3BII and p62 levels were also associated with a decrease in markers of mitochondrial quality control. Therefore, our results suggest that the age-related signaling events in respiratory muscles differ from those in the gastrocnemii, most likely to preserve the vital functions played by the respiratory muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Hye-Jeong Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (S.A.K.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Sana Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (S.A.K.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (M.-S.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6067 (M.-S.Y.)
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (S.A.K.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (M.-S.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6067 (M.-S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gunadi JW, Tarawan VM, Setiawan I, Goenawan H, Ratnawati H, Limyati Y, Adhika OA, Santoso AW, Lesmana R, Supratman U. Adaptation of aerobic training essentially involved autophagy, mitochondrial marker and muscle fibre genetic modulation in rat cardiac muscles. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:1938-1947. [PMID: 31733001 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Information about the role of moderate acute treadmill training in modulating autophagy and mitochondrial markers that might be correlated with alteration of muscle fibre gene expression in rat cardiac muscles is very limited. In this present study, the researchers divided twenty male Wistar rats into four groups: sedentary control, 3, 6 and 15 days and subjected them to treadmill training with moderate intensity (20 m/min), 30 min each day. RNA was extracted from cardiac muscles and stored in temperature of -80°C. Specific primers were utilized for semi-quantitative PCR. Treadmill training decreased autophagy-related gene expression (LC3, p62) and upper stream signalling of autophagy (PIK3CA, Akt and mTOR) in 3 and 6 d, but stimulated gene expression of mitochondrial markers (PGC1α, Cox1, Cox2 and Cox4) in 15 days. αMHC gene expression increased while βMHC gene expression decreased in 15 days. In line with this, autophagy-related genes increased in 3 and 6 days and returned to baseline in 15 days. The increment in mitochondrial gene expression might be correlated with shifting gene expression of αMHC and βMHC in 15 days. Taken together, acute adaptation in cardiac muscles is stimulated by genetic modulation of autophagy, mitochondrial marker and muscle fibre that may explain physiological cardiac adaptation after training. This study can be used as a reference for optimizing performance in period of cardiac muscle adaptation stimulated by treadmill training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia.,Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Vita Murniati Tarawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Setiawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yenni Limyati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Immanuel Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Oeij Anindita Adhika
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Wardono Santoso
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Siloam Hospital Lippo Cikarang, Bekasi, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ucci S, Renzini A, Russi V, Mangialardo C, Cammarata I, Cavioli G, Santaguida MG, Virili C, Centanni M, Adamo S, Moresi V, Verga-Falzacappa C. Thyroid Hormone Protects from Fasting-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Promoting Metabolic Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225754. [PMID: 31731814 PMCID: PMC6888244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate a wide range of cellular responses, via non-genomic and genomic actions, depending on cell-specific thyroid hormone transporters, co-repressors, or co-activators. Skeletal muscle has been identified as a direct target of thyroid hormone T3, where it regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as myofiber metabolism. However, the effects of T3 in muscle-wasting conditions have not been yet addressed. Being T3 primarily responsible for the regulation of metabolism, we challenged mice with fasting and found that T3 counteracted starvation-induced muscle atrophy. Interestingly, T3 did not prevent the activation of the main catabolic pathways, i.e., the ubiquitin-proteasome or the autophagy-lysosomal systems, nor did it stimulate de novo muscle synthesis in starved muscles. Transcriptome analyses revealed that T3 mainly affected the metabolic processes in starved muscle. Further analyses of myofiber metabolism revealed that T3 prevented the starvation-mediated metabolic shift, thus preserving skeletal muscle mass. Our study elucidated new T3 functions in regulating skeletal muscle homeostasis and metabolism in pathological conditions, opening to new potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarassunta Ucci
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Valentina Russi
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Claudia Mangialardo
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Maria Giulia Santaguida
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Viviana Moresi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cecilia Verga-Falzacappa
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou J, Parker DC, White JP, Lim A, Huffman KM, Ho JP, Yen PM, Kraus WE. Thyroid Hormone Status Regulates Skeletal Muscle Response to Chronic Motor Nerve Stimulation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1363. [PMID: 31736784 PMCID: PMC6834779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both exercise and thyroid hormone (TH) status can cause cellular and metabolic changes in skeletal muscle, the impact of TH status on exercise-associated changes is not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of TH status on muscle fiber type, cell signaling, and metabolism in a rabbit model of exercise training – chronic motor nerve stimulation (CMNS). Five rabbits were rendered hypothyroid for 7–8 weeks and three rabbits were made hyperthyroid for 2 weeks prior to CMNS of the left peroneal nerve for 10 days. We then measured markers of muscle fiber type, autophagy, and nutrient- or energy-sensing proteins, and metabolic intermediates. CMNS increased MHC-I expression in hypothyroid rabbits, whereas it was unchanged in hyperthyroid rabbits. CMNS also increased p-AMPK, p-ATGL, CPT-1α, p-Akt, GLUT4, and p-70S6K in hypothyroid rabbits. In contrast, p-AMPK and p-AKT were increased at baseline in hyperthyroid rabbits, but CMNS did not further increase them or any of the other markers. CMNS also increased TCA cycle and acylcarnitine metabolites in hypothyroid rabbits; whereas, acylcarnitines were already elevated in hyperthyroid rabbits, and were only slightly increased further by CMNS. In summary, CMNS effects on cell signaling and metabolism of skeletal muscle were more pronounced in the hypothyroid than the hyperthyroid state. Interestingly, in the hypothyroid state, CMNS caused concomitant activation of two signaling pathways that are usually reciprocally regulated – AMPK and mTOR signaling – which manifested as increased β-oxidation, MHC-I expression, and protein synthesis. Thus, our findings provide insight into the role of TH status on exercise response in muscle. Our observations suggest that TH status of patients may be an important determinant and predictor of their response to exercise training in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel C Parker
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - James P White
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Hematology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrea Lim
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jia Pei Ho
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E Kraus
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Thyroid hormone levels are reduced in cardiovascular diseases and this phenomenon is associated with worse outcomes. It is unclear whether the changes in thyroid hormone bioavailability to the affected myocardium are beneficial or if this is a maladaptive response. Experimental studies from animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggest that thyroid hormone treatment may be beneficial. There is limited data available on the use of thyroid hormones in patients with AMI and heart failure and this suggests that treatment to normalise thyroid hormone levels may be safe and potentially efficacious. Similarly, evidence of thyroid hormone therapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or during cardiac transplantation is limited. It is therefore difficult to draw any firm conclusions about benefits or risks of thyroid hormone treatment in these conditions. Large scale clinical trials of thyroid hormones in patients with cardiac conditions are required to confirm safety and evaluate efficacy. Furthermore, it needs to be elucidated which hormone to administer (thyroxine or triiodothyronine), when in the disease pathway to treat, dose of thyroid hormone to administer, and which parameters to utilise to assess safety and efficacy. Until these important questions are answered thyroid hormone therapy in cardiovascular diseases must remain within the research domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Razvi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Central Park, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim EJ, Lee M, Kim DY, Kim KI, Yi JY. Mechanisms of Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Following Radiation Exposure. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090950. [PMID: 31438652 PMCID: PMC6770322 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of cellular processes that determine the response to ionizing radiation exposure is essential for improving radiotherapy and assessing risks to human health after accidental radiation exposure. Radiation exposure leads to many biological effects, but the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of radiation are not well known. Here, we investigated the effects of radiation exposure on the metabolic rate and mitochondrial bioenergetics in skeletal muscle. We show that ionizing radiation increased mitochondrial protein and mass and enhanced proton leak and mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity, causing an increase in the fraction of mitochondrial respiration devoted to uncoupling reactions. Thus, mice and cells treated with radiation became energetically efficient and displayed increased fatty acid and amino acid oxidation metabolism through the citric acid cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that radiation-induced alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism involved adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase signaling in skeletal muscle. Together, these results demonstrate that alterations in mitochondrial mass and function are important adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Kim
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Radiological & Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Radiological & Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Division of Radiation Research Infrastructure Operation, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Radiological & Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jae Youn Yi
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou J, Waskowicz LR, Lim A, Liao XH, Lian B, Masamune H, Refetoff S, Tran B, Koeberl DD, Yen PM. A Liver-Specific Thyromimetic, VK2809, Decreases Hepatosteatosis in Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia. Thyroid 2019; 29:1158-1167. [PMID: 31337282 PMCID: PMC6707038 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia), also known as von Gierke disease, is the most common glycogen storage disorder. It is caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. The accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate leads to increased glycogen and triglyceride levels in the liver. Patients with GSD Ia can develop steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and increased risk for hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. We previously showed that animal models of GSD Ia had defective autophagy and dysfunctional mitochondria. In this study, we examined the effect of VK2809, a liver-specific thyroid hormone receptor β agonist, on hepatic steatosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis in a mouse model of GSD Ia. Methods:G6pc-/--deficient (GSD Ia) mice were treated with VK2809 or vehicle control by daily intraperitoneal injection for four days. The hepatic triglyceride and glycogen were determined by biochemical assays. Autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis were measured by Western blotting for key autophagy and mitochondrial markers. Results: VK2809 treatment decreased hepatic mass and triglyceride content in GSD Ia mice. VK2809 stimulated hepatic autophagic flux as evidenced by increased microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3B-II), decreased p62 protein levels, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, enhancement of protein levels of ATG5-ATG12, and increased lysosomal protein expression. VK2809 also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1α) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), as well as mitochondrial biogenesis to promote mitochondrial β-oxidation. Conclusions: In summary, VK2809 treatment decreased hepatic triglyceride levels in GSD Ia mice through its simultaneous restoration of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Liver-specific thyromimetics represent a potential therapy for hepatosteatosis in GSD Ia as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lauren R. Waskowicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrea Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian Lian
- Viking Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | | | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian Tran
- Viking Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | - Dwight D. Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Address correspondence to: Dwight D. Koeberl, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 103856, Durham, NC, 27710
| | - Paul M. Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Paul M. Yen, MD, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169587, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Protective Effects of Euthyroidism Restoration on Mitochondria Function and Quality Control in Cardiac Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143377. [PMID: 31295805 PMCID: PMC6678270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are major contributors to heart disease onset and progression. Under ischemic injuries or cardiac overload, mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress, Ca2+ dis-homeostasis, and inflammation initiate cross-talking vicious cycles leading to defects of mitochondrial DNA, lipids, and proteins, concurrently resulting in fatal energy crisis and cell loss. Blunting such noxious stimuli and preserving mitochondrial homeostasis are essential to cell survival. In this context, mitochondrial quality control (MQC) represents an expanding research topic and therapeutic target in the field of cardiac physiology. MQC is a multi-tier surveillance system operating at the protein, organelle, and cell level to repair or eliminate damaged mitochondrial components and replace them by biogenesis. Novel evidence highlights the critical role of thyroid hormones (TH) in regulating multiple aspects of MQC, resulting in increased organelle turnover, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, and the retention of cell function. In the present review, these emerging protective effects are discussed in the context of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and heart failure, focusing on MQC as a strategy to blunt the propagation of connected dangerous signaling cascades and limit adverse remodeling. A better understanding of such TH-dependent signaling could provide insights into the development of mitochondria-targeted treatments in patients with cardiac disease.
Collapse
|
41
|
Carmody C, Ogawa-Wong AN, Martin C, Luongo C, Zuidwijk M, Sager B, Petersen T, Roginski Guetter A, Janssen R, Wu EY, Bogaards S, Neumann NM, Hau K, Marsili A, Boelen A, Silva JE, Dentice M, Salvatore D, Wagers AJ, Larsen PR, Simonides WS, Zavacki AM. A Global Loss of Dio2 Leads to Unexpected Changes in Function and Fiber Types of Slow Skeletal Muscle in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1205-1222. [PMID: 30951174 PMCID: PMC6482039 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The type 2 iodothyronine-deiodinase (D2) enzyme converts T4 to T3, and mice deficient in this enzyme [D2 knockout (D2KO) mice] have decreased T3 derived from T4 in skeletal muscle despite normal circulating T3 levels. Because slow skeletal muscle is particularly susceptible to changes in T3 levels, we expected D2 inactivation to result in more pronounced slow-muscle characteristics in the soleus muscle, mirroring hypothyroidism. However, ex vivo studies of D2KO soleus revealed higher rates of twitch contraction and relaxation and reduced resistance to fatigue. Immunostaining of D2KO soleus showed that these properties were associated with changes in muscle fiber type composition, including a marked increase in the number of fast, glycolytic type IIB fibers. D2KO soleus muscle fibers had a larger cross-sectional area, and this correlated with increased myonuclear accretion in myotubes formed from D2KO skeletal muscle precursor cells differentiated in vitro. Consistent with our functional findings, D2KO soleus gene expression was markedly different from that in hypothyroid wild-type (WT) mice. Comparison of gene expression between euthyroid WT and D2KO mice indicated that PGC-1α, a T3-dependent regulator of slow muscle fiber type, was decreased by ∼50% in D2KO soleus. Disruption of Dio2 in the C2C12 myoblast cell line led to a significant decrease in PGC-1α expression and a faster muscle phenotype upon differentiation. These results indicate that D2 loss leads to significant changes in soleus contractile function and fiber type composition that are inconsistent with local hypothyroidism and suggest that reduced levels of PCG-1α may contribute to the observed phenotypical changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristina Luongo
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Naples “Federico II,” Napoli, Italy
| | - Marian Zuidwijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rob Janssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvia Bogaards
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Kaman Hau
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Anita Boelen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Enrique Silva
- Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Song D, Wu G, Wei Q, Shi F. Bisphenol A attenuates thyroxine-induced apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells of pigs. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:864-872. [PMID: 30972826 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical of high production volume that is used widely in many industries and is known as a xenooestrogen and anti-thyroid hormone endocrine disrupter. There is little information regarding the effects of BPA in the presence of thyroid hormone on porcine granulosa cell development. Thus, the primary granulosa cells were treated with thyroxine (T4, 10 nM), BPA (10 µM) or T4 plus BPA; we subsequently evaluated the effects of T4 or BPA on 17β-estradiol synthesis, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Our data showed that BPA significantly increased the accumulation of 17β-estradiol and promoted granulosa cell proliferation, whereas T4 significantly decreased 17β-estradiol and had no effect on cellular proliferation. In addition, it was noteworthy that T4 treatment induced apoptosis in porcine granulosa cells and BPA co-incubation attenuated T4-induced apoptosis as shown from flow cytometric assay analysis. We hypothesized that BPA attenuates T4-induced apoptosis by regulating 17β-estradiol accumulation and oestrogen receptor-mediated signalling pathways. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that T4 affected 17β-estradiol accumulation and induced cellular apoptosis, but did not affect granulosa cell proliferation. Exposure to BPA increased 17β-estradiol accumulation, promoted granulosa cell proliferation and attenuated T4-induced apoptosis in porcine granulosa cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tan HWS, Anjum B, Shen HM, Ghosh S, Yen PM, Sinha RA. Lysosomal inhibition attenuates peroxisomal gene transcription via suppression of PPARA and PPARGC1A levels. Autophagy 2019; 15:1455-1459. [PMID: 31032705 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1609847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes influence dynamic cellular processes such as nutrient sensing and transcriptional regulation. To explore novel transcriptional pathways regulated by lysosomes, we performed microarray analysis followed by qPCR validation in a mouse hepatocyte cell line, AML12, treated with bafilomycin A1 (lysosomal v-type H+-translocating ATPase inhibitor). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant downregulation of gene sets related to peroxisomal biogenesis and peroxisomal lipid oxidation upon lysosomal inhibition. Mechanistically, pharmacological inhibition of lysosomes as well as genetic knockdown of Tfeb led to downregulation of the peroxisomal master regulator PPARA and its coactivator PPARGC1A/PGC1α. Consistently, ectopic induction of PPARA transcriptional activity rescues the effects of lysosomal inhibition on peroxisomal gene expression. Collectively, our results uncover a novel metabolic regulation of peroxisomes by lysosomes via PPARA-PPARGC1A transcriptional signalling. Abbreviations: Acox1: acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl; Acot: acyl-CoA thioesterase; ACAA: acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase; ABCD3/PMP70: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 3; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; Crot: carnitine O-octanoyltransferase; CTSB: cathepsin B; Decr2: 2-4-dienoyl-Coenzyme A reductase 2, peroxisomal; Ech1: enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1, peroxisomal; Ehhadh: enoyl-Coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; FDR: false discovery rate; Hsd17b4: hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4; NES: normalized enrichment score; NOM: nominal; Pex: peroxin; PPARA: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Weng Siong Tan
- a Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore.,b Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.,c School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - B Anjum
- d Department of Endocrinology , Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- a Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore.,c School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- b Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- b Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- d Department of Endocrinology , Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang J, He J, Ismail M, Tweeten S, Zeng F, Gao L, Ballinger S, Young M, Prabhu SD, Rowe GC, Zhang J, Zhou L, Xie M. HDAC inhibition induces autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:36-48. [PMID: 30880250 PMCID: PMC6502701 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The FDA-approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat) has been shown to induce cardiomyocyte autophagy and blunt ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury when administered at the time of reperfusion. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective activity of SAHA are unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage are major contributors to myocardial apoptosis during I/R injury. We hypothesize that SAHA protects the myocardium by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during I/R injury. METHODS Mouse and cultured cardiomyocytes (neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes) I/R models were used to investigate the effects of SAHA on mitochondria. ATG7 knockout mice, ATG7 knockdown by siRNA and PGC-1α knockdown by adenovirus in cardiomyocytes were used to test the dependency of autophagy and PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis respectively. RESULTS Intact and total mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mitochondrial mass were significantly increased in cardiomyocytes by SAHA pretreatment before simulated I/R. In vivo, I/R induced >50% loss of mtDNA content in the border zones of mouse hearts, but SAHA pretreatment and reperfusion treatment alone reverted mtDNA content and mitochondrial mass to control levels. Moreover, pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with SAHA resulted in a 4-fold decrease in I/R-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and a 25%-40% reduction in cytosolic ROS levels. However, loss-of-function of ATG7 in cardiomyocytes or mouse myocardium abolished the protective effects of SAHA on ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, mtDNA levels, and mitochondrial mass. Lastly, PGC-1α gene expression was induced by SAHA in NRVMs and mouse heart subjected to I/R, and loss of PGC-1α abrogated SAHA's mitochondrial protective effects in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS SAHA prevents I/R induced-mitochondrial dysfunction and loss, and reduces myocardial ROS production when given before or after the ischemia. The protective effects of SAHA on mitochondria are dependent on autophagy and PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Jin He
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Sonja Tweeten
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Fanfang Zeng
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, 518020, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Dept. of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Martin Young
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Min Xie
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Giordano FM, Burattini S, Buontempo F, Canonico B, Martelli AM, Papa S, Sampaolesi M, Falcieri E, Salucci S. Diet Modulation Restores Autophagic Flux in Damaged Skeletal Muscle Cells. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:739-745. [PMID: 31560032 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autophagy is a physiological and highly regulated mechanism, crucial for cell homeostasis maintenance. Its impairment seems to be involved in the onset of several diseases, including muscular dystrophies, myopathies and sarcopenia. According to few papers, chemotherapeutic drug treatment is able to trigger side effects on skeletal muscle tissue and, among these, a defective autophagic activation, which leads to the persistence of abnormal organelles within cells and, finally, to myofiber degeneration. The aim of this work is to find a strategy, based on diet modulation, to prevent etoposide-induced damage, in a model of in vitro skeletal muscle cells. METHODS Glutamine supplementation and nutrient deprivation have been chosen as pre-treatments to counteract etoposide effect, a chemotherapeutic drug known to induce oxidative stress and cell death. Cell response has been evaluated by means of morpho-functional, cytofluorimetric and molecular analyses. RESULTS Etoposide treated cells, if compared to control, showed dysfunctional mitochondria presence, ER stress and lysosomal compartment damage, confirmed by molecular investigations. CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, both dietary approaches were able to rescue myofiber from etoposide-induced damage. Glutamine supplementation, in particular, seemed to be a good strategy to preserve cell ultrastructure and functionality, by preventing the autophagic impairment and partially restoring the normal lysosomal activity, thus maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Giordano
- Sara Salucci, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nutmeg Extract Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass in Aging Rats Partly via IGF1-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2810840. [PMID: 30647761 PMCID: PMC6311876 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2810840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sarcopenic phenotype is characterized by a reduction of muscle mass, a shift in fiber-type distribution, and reduced satellite cell regeneration. Sarcopenia is still a major challenge to healthy aging. Traditional Indonesian societies in Sulawesi island have been using nutmeg for maintaining health condition during aging. Interestingly, nutmeg has been known to stimulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ (PPARγ) which may contribute to myogenesis process in cardiac muscle. There is limited information about the role of nutmeg extract into physiological health benefit during aging especially myogenesis process in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we want to explore the potential effect of nutmeg in preserving skeletal muscle mass of aging rats. Aging rats, 80 weeks old, were divided into two groups (control and nutmeg). Nutmeg extract was administered for 12 weeks by gavaging. After treatment, rats were anaesthesized, then soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were collected, weighted, frozen using liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until use. We observed phenomenon that nutmeg increased a little but significant food consumption on week 12, but significant decrease in body weight on weeks 10 and 12 unexpectedly increased significantly in soleus muscle weight (p<0.05). Nutmeg extract increased significantly gene expression of myogenic differentiation (MyoD), paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenin, myosin heavy chain I (MHC I), and insulin-like growth factor I (p<0.01) in soleus muscle. Furthermore, nutmeg increased serine/threonine kinase (AKT) protein levels and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibited autophagy activity, and stimulated or at least preserved muscle mass during aging. Taken together, nutmeg extract may increase muscle mass or prevent decrease of muscle wasting in soleus muscle by partly stimulating myogenesis, regeneration process, and preserving muscle mass via IGF-AKT-mTOR pathway leading to inhibition of autophagy activity during aging. This finding may reveal the potential nutmeg benefits as alternative supplement for preserving skeletal muscle mass and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.
Collapse
|
47
|
Breitzig MT, Alleyn MD, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Thyroid hormone: a resurgent treatment for an emergent concern. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L945-L950. [PMID: 30260285 PMCID: PMC6337010 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00336.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The story of thyroid hormone in human physiology is one of mixed emotions. Studying past literature on its use leads one to believe that it serves only a few functions in a handful of diseases. In reality, the pathophysiological role of thyroid hormone is an uncharted expanse. Over the past few decades, research on thyroid hormone has been understandably monopolized by studies of hypo- and hyperthyroidism and cancers. However, in our focused pursuit, we have neglected to observe its role in systems that are not so easily relatable. Recent evidence in lung disease suggests that the thyroid hormone is capable of preserving mitochondria in an indirect manner. This is an exciting revelation given the profound implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in several lung diseases. When paired with known links between thyroid hormone and fibrotic pathways, thyroid hormone-based therapies become more enticing for research. In this article, we inspect the sudden awareness surrounding thyroid hormone and discuss why it is of paramount importance that further studies scrutinize the potential of thyroid hormone, and/or thyromimetics, as therapies for lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason T Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
| | - Matthew D Alleyn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Singh BK, Sinha RA, Yen PM. Novel Transcriptional Mechanisms for Regulating Metabolism by Thyroid Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3284. [PMID: 30360449 PMCID: PMC6214012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone plays a key role in energy and nutrient metabolisms in many tissues and regulates the transcription of key genes in metabolic pathways. It has long been believed that thyroid hormones (THs) exerted their effects primarily by binding to nuclear TH receptors (THRs) that are associated with conserved thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) located on the promoters of target genes. However, recent transcriptome and ChIP-Seq studies have challenged this conventional view as discordance was observed between TH-responsive genes and THR binding to DNA. While THR association with other transcription factors bound to DNA, TH activation of THRs to mediate effects that do not involve DNA-binding, or TH binding to proteins other than THRs have been invoked as potential mechanisms to explain this discrepancy, it appears that additional novel mechanisms may enable TH to regulate the mRNA expression. These include activation of transcription factors by SIRT1 via metabolic actions by TH, the post-translational modification of THR, the THR co-regulation of transcription with other nuclear receptors and transcription factors, and the microRNA (miR) control of RNA transcript expression to encode proteins involved in the cellular metabolism. Together, these novel mechanisms enlarge and diversify the panoply of metabolic genes that can be regulated by TH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Paul Michael Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yau WW, Singh BK, Lesmana R, Zhou J, Sinha RA, Wong KA, Wu Y, Bay BH, Sugii S, Sun L, Yen PM. Thyroid hormone (T 3) stimulates brown adipose tissue activation via mitochondrial biogenesis and MTOR-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2018; 15:131-150. [PMID: 30209975 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1511263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) activates thermogenesis by uncoupling electron transport from ATP synthesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria. Although T3 can induce thermogenesis by sympathetic innervation, little is known about its cell autonomous effects on BAT mitochondria. We thus examined effects of T3 on mitochondrial activity, autophagy, and metabolism in primary brown adipocytes and BAT and found that T3 increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration as well as autophagic flux, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, there was no significant induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) despite high mitochondrial respiration and UCP1 induction by T3. However, when cells were treated with Atg5 siRNA to block autophagy, induction of mitochondrial respiration by T3 decreased, and was accompanied by ROS accumulation, demonstrating a critical role for autophagic mitochondrial turnover. We next generated an Atg5 conditional knockout mouse model (Atg5 cKO) by injecting Ucp1 promoter-driven Cre-expressing adenovirus into Atg5Flox/Flox mice to examine effects of BAT-specific autophagy on thermogenesis in vivo. Hyperthyroid Atg5 cKO mice exhibited lower body temperature than hyperthyroid or euthyroid control mice. Metabolomic analysis showed that T3 increased short and long chain acylcarnitines in BAT, consistent with increased β-oxidation. T3 also decreased amino acid levels, and in conjunction with SIRT1 activation, decreased MTOR activity to stimulate autophagy. In summary, T3 has direct effects on mitochondrial autophagy, activity, and turnover in BAT that are essential for thermogenesis. Stimulation of BAT activity by thyroid hormone or its analogs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic diseases. Abbreviations: ACACA: acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Acsl1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BAT: brown adipose tissue; cKO: conditional knockout; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; Cpt1b: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DIO2: deiodinase, iodothyronine, type 2; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; Fabp4: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; Gpx1: glutathione peroxidase 1; Lipe: lipase, hormone sensitive; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Nrf1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; Pnpla2: patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2; Prdm16: PR domain containing 16; PRKA: protein kinase, AMP-activated; RPS6KB: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the mean; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; Sod1: superoxide dismutase 1, soluble; Sod2: superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; T3: 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier); ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; VDAC1: voltage-dependent anion channel 1; WAT: white adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winifred W Yau
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,b Physiology Division, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biology Cell, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia.,c Central laboratory , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Jin Zhou
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,d Department of Endocrinology , Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
| | - Kiraely A Wong
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Yajun Wu
- e Department of Anatomy , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- e Department of Anatomy , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,f Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR , Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,g Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Singh BK, Sinha RA, Tripathi M, Mendoza A, Ohba K, Sy JAC, Xie SY, Zhou J, Ho JP, Chang CY, Wu Y, Giguère V, Bay BH, Vanacker JM, Ghosh S, Gauthier K, Hollenberg AN, McDonnell DP, Yen PM. Thyroid hormone receptor and ERRα coordinately regulate mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, biogenesis, and function. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaam5855. [PMID: 29945885 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor β1 (THRB1) and estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA; also known as ERRα) both play important roles in mitochondrial activity. To understand their potential interactions, we performed transcriptome and ChIP-seq analyses and found that many genes that were co-regulated by both THRB1 and ESRRA were involved in mitochondrial metabolic pathways. These included oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. TH increased ESRRA expression and activity in a THRB1-dependent manner through the induction of the transcriptional coactivator PPARGC1A (also known as PGC1α). Moreover, TH induced mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and mitophagy in an ESRRA-dependent manner. TH also induced the expression of the autophagy-regulating kinase ULK1 through ESRRA, which then promoted DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. In addition, ULK1 activated the docking receptor protein FUNDC1 and its interaction with the autophagosomal protein MAP1LC3B-II to induce mitophagy. siRNA knockdown of ESRRA, ULK1, DRP1, or FUNDC1 inhibited TH-induced autophagic clearance of mitochondria through mitophagy and decreased OXPHOS. These findings show that many of the mitochondrial actions of TH are mediated through stimulation of ESRRA expression and activity, and co-regulation of mitochondrial turnover through the PPARGC1A-ESRRA-ULK1 pathway is mediated by their regulation of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Hormonal or pharmacologic induction of ESRRA expression or activity could improve mitochondrial quality in metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh K Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Arturo Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 430-0929, Japan
| | - Jann A C Sy
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sherwin Y Xie
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhou
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jia Pei Ho
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, C238A Levine Science Research Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 430-0929, Japan
| | - Paul M Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|