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Boushra AF, Mahmoud RH, Ayoub SE, Mohammed RA, Shamardl HA, El Amin Ali AM. The Potential Therapeutic Effect of Orexin-Treated versus Orexin-Untreated Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9832212. [PMID: 35083338 PMCID: PMC8786498 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9832212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by resistance to peripheral insulin actions. Mesenchymal stem cells have been studied for years in T2DM therapy, including adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). Orexin neuropeptides (A and B) are well-known regulators of appetite and physical activity. The aim of this work was to elucidate the possible therapeutic effect of AD-MSC preconditioning with orexin A (OXA) on insulin resistance in rats. Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: a normal control group and 3 diabetic groups (a control T2DM group, diabetic rats treated by an AD-MSCs group, and diabetic rats treated by AD-MSCs preconditioned with OXA). We noticed that the treated groups showed a significant alleviation of insulin resistance parameters as shown in lowering the serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, inflammatory markers, and HOMA-IR as compared to the control diabetic group with more significant reduction observed in the OXA-pretreated AD-MSCs-administrated group. More improvement was also noted in the glucose uptake and GLUT-4 gene expression in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in the OXA-pretreated AD-MSCs-administrated group compared to the untreated diabetic group. Conclusion. Preconditioning of AD-MSCs with OXA can significantly increase their potential to reduce the insulin resistance in the rat model of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F. Boushra
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Rania H. Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Shymaa E. Ayoub
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Rehab A. Mohammed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Shamardl
- Department of Medical Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
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2
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El‐Gammal OA, Gaber M, Mandour SA. Novel VO (IV) complexes derived from a macrochelates: Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling and in vivoinsulin‐mimic activity studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola A. El‐Gammal
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry DepartmentMansoura University P.O.Box 70 Mansoura Egypt
| | - M. Gaber
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry DepartmentTanta University P.O. Box 70 Tanta Egypt
| | - Sh. A. Mandour
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry DepartmentMansoura University P.O.Box 70 Mansoura Egypt
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3
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Emerich DF, Sanberg PR. Article Commentary: Novel Means to Selectively Identify Sertoli Cell Transplants. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dwaine F. Emerich
- Sertoli Technologies, Inc., 766 Laten Knight Road, Cranston, RI 02921
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC-78, Tampa, FL 33612
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4
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Hemendinger RA, Gores P, Blacksten L, Harley V, Halberstadt C. Identification of a Specific Sertoli Cell Marker, Sox9, for Use in Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoprivileged environment of the testes was first described in the 1930s, and the Sertoli cell was later identified as the main cell type responsible for this phenomenon. Recent work has examined the possibility of recreating this immunoprivileged environment at heterotopic sites using isolated Sertoli cells. These studies have focused on protection of pancreatic islets and neuronal cells from immune destruction in the hopes of reversing type I diabetes and Parkinson's disease. The absence of a definitive marker for identifying Sertoli cells at the transplant site has been an obstacle to this research. The current study examines the presence of a nuclear transcription factor, Sox9, which is preferentially expressed in Sertoli cells. Syngeneic Lewis rat Sertoli cells were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space and a subcutaneous site in Lewis female rats and examined histologically 21 days later. In addition, porcine Sertoli cells were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space in female SCID mice. Control testes and the transplant sites were examined immunohistochemically using an antibody to Sox9. The results from the study demonstrate that Sox9 expression is restricted to the Sertoli cells of the neonatal rat and porcine testis, indicating high homology between species. In addition, Sox9 expression was also observed in the testicular-like tubules that formed in both syngeneic and xenogeneic heterotopic transplants in rats and SCID mice. The Sox9 expression was restricted to the regions where Sertoli cells would be found in the native testis. These results suggest that the Sox9 protein is a useful marker in identifying Sertoli cells in heterotopic transplants in a manner similar to insulin as a marker for pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Hemendinger
- Department of General Surgery and The Transplant Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232
| | - P. Gores
- Department of General Surgery and The Transplant Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232
| | - L. Blacksten
- Department of General Surgery and The Transplant Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232
| | - V. Harley
- Prince Henry's Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - C. Halberstadt
- Department of General Surgery and The Transplant Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232
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5
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Yamabe N, Kang KS, Lee W, Kim SN, Zhu BT. Estriol blunts postprandial blood glucose rise in male rats through regulating intestinal glucose transporters. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E370-9. [PMID: 25516546 PMCID: PMC4346740 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00209.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased total food intake in healthy, late-stage pregnant women, their peak postprandial blood sugar levels are normally much lower than the levels seen in healthy nonpregnant women. In this study, we sought to determine whether estriol (E3), an endogenous estrogen predominantly produced during human pregnancy, contributes to the regulation of the postprandial blood glucose level in healthy normal rats. In vivo studies using rats showed that E3 blunted the speed and magnitude of the blood glucose rise following oral glucose administration, but it did not appear to affect the total amount of glucose absorbed. E3 also did not affect insulin secretion, but it significantly reduced the rate of intestinal glucose transport compared with vehicle-treated animals. Consistent with this finding, expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and 2 was significantly downregulated by E3 treatment in the brush-border membrane and basolateral membrane, respectively, of enterocytes. Most of the observed in vivo effects were noticeably stronger with E3 than with 17β-estradiol. Using differentiated human Caco-2 enterocyte monolayer culture as an in vitro model, we confirmed that E3 at physiologically relevant concentrations could directly inhibit glucose uptake via suppression of glucose transporter 2 expression, whereas 17β-estradiol did not have a similar effect. Collectively, these data showed that E3 can blunt the postprandial glycemic surge in rats through modulating the level of intestinal glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yamabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea; and
| | - Woojung Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea; and
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea; and
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Potter KJ, Westwell-Roper CY, Klimek-Abercrombie AM, Warnock GL, Verchere CB. Death and dysfunction of transplanted β-cells: lessons learned from type 2 diabetes? Diabetes 2014; 63:12-9. [PMID: 24357689 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell replacement by islet transplantation is a potential curative therapy for type 1 diabetes. Despite advancements in islet procurement and immune suppression that have increased islet transplant survival, graft function progressively declines, and many recipients return to insulin dependence within a few years posttransplant. The progressive loss of β-cell function in islet transplants seems unlikely to be explained by allo- and autoimmune-mediated mechanisms alone and in a number of ways resembles β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. That is, both following transplantation and in type 2 diabetes, islets exhibit decreased first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, impaired proinsulin processing, inflammation, formation of islet amyloid, signs of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and β-cell death. These similarities suggest common mechanisms may underlie loss of insulin production in both type 2 diabetes and islet transplantation and point to the potential for therapeutic approaches used in type 2 diabetes that target the β-cell, such as incretin-based therapies, as adjuncts for immunosuppression in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Potter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Epimerization of epigallocatechin gallate to gallocatechin gallate and its anti-diabetic activity. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Shaker OG, Sadik NAH. Vaspin gene in rat adipose tissue: relation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:229-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Gibly RF, Graham JG, Luo X, Lowe WL, Hering BJ, Shea LD. Advancing islet transplantation: from engraftment to the immune response. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2494-505. [PMID: 21830149 PMCID: PMC3193607 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The promise and progress of islet transplantation for treating type 1 diabetes has been challenged by obstacles to patient accessibility and long-term graft function that may be overcome by integrating emerging technologies in biomaterials, drug delivery and immunomodulation. The hepatic microenvironment and traditional systemic immunosuppression stress the vulnerable islets and contribute to the limited success of transplantation. Locally delivering extracellular matrix proteins and trophic factors can enhance transplantation at extrahepatic sites by promoting islet engraftment, revascularisation and long-term function while avoiding unintended systemic effects. Cell- and cytokine-based therapies for immune cell recruitment and reprogramming can inhibit local and systemic immune system activation that normally attacks transplanted islets. Combined with antigen-specific immunotherapies, states of operational tolerance may be achievable, reducing or eliminating the long-term pharmaceutical burden. Integration of these technologies to enhance engraftment and combat rejection may help to advance the therapeutic efficacy and availability of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. F. Gibly
- Institute of Bionanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Integrated Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J. G. Graham
- Institute of Bionanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Integrated Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - X. Luo
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W. L. Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B. J. Hering
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L. D. Shea
- Institute of Bionanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd/E136, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of methanol extract of edible plant Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk) in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-011-0026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Tian YF, Hsia TL, Hsieh CH, Huang DW, Chen CH, Hsieh PS. The importance of cyclooxygenase 2-mediated oxidative stress in obesity-induced muscular insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats. Life Sci 2011; 89:107-14. [PMID: 21640730 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was undertaken to examine the effect of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 inhibition on the development of muscular insulin resistance in high-fat-induced obese rats. MAIN METHODS The rats were on a regular chow diet (C) or high-fat enriched diet (HFD) energy-restrictedly (HFr), or ad libitum (HFa) for 12weeks. The rats fed HFD ad libitum were further divided into 3 groups: oral gavage with vehicle (HFa), selective COX-2 inhibitors-celecoxib (HFa+C) or nimesulid (HFa+N), 30mg/kg/day, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Increased fasting plasma insulin, triglyceride and 8-isoprostane levels in HFa were significantly suppressed in those of HFa+C and HFa+N. The whole body insulin resistance of HFa indicated by the increased fasting plasma insulin levels and the elevated area under curve of insulin obtained from the oral glucose tolerance test were significantly reversed in those combined with celecoxib and nimesulid administration compared with those in HFr. The gene expression of COX-2 was significantly increased in epididymal fat but not in soleus muscle in HFa and the enhanced adipose COX-2 expression in high-fat fed rats was suppressed by those with drug treatment. Both selective COX-2 inhibitors reversed the diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles of HFa. Obesity-induced oxidative stress indicated by the elevated plasma 8-isoprostane,the decreased ratio of GSH/GSSG and increased TBARS in soleus muscle were significantly reversed by COX-2 inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that COX-2 inhibition might suppress the muscular insulin resistance indirectly through decreasing the COX-2-mediated systemic oxidative stress in this diet-induced obese model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yung Kung Campus, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Henein HY, Younan SM, Rashed LA, Fakhry A. Effect of adrenomedullin gene delivery on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. J Adv Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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13
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Lodha SR, Joshi SV, Vyas BA, Upadhye MC, Kirve MS, Salunke SS, Kadu SK, Rogye MV. Assessment of the antidiabetic potential of Cassia grandis using an in vivo model. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2010; 1:330-3. [PMID: 22247866 PMCID: PMC3255413 DOI: 10.4103/0110-5558.72429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. grandis (Family: Leguminosae) were evaluated for antidiabetic activity by a glucose tolerance test, in normal rats and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed that they significantly lowered the blood glucose levels to normal in the glucose tolerance test. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats the maximum reduction in blood glucose was observed after three hours, at a dose level of 150 mg/kg of body weight. The percentage of protection given by the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was 32.72 and 46.42%, respectively. In the long-term treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the degree of protection was determined by measuring the blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides on the tenth day. Both the extracts showed a significant antidiabetic activity comparable to that of glibenclamide. These results showed that the Cassia grandis possessed significant antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh R. Lodha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal Vidyanagar, Tarsadi, Gujarat, India
| | - Shrikant V. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal Vidyanagar, Tarsadi, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavin A. Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal Vidyanagar, Tarsadi, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohini C. Upadhye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy (for ladies), Moshi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha S. Kirve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy (for ladies), Moshi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta S. Salunke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy (for ladies), Moshi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sheetal K. Kadu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy (for ladies), Moshi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manasi V. Rogye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy (for ladies), Moshi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Shen SC, Cheng FC, Wu NJ. Effect of guava (Psidium guajavaLinn.) leaf soluble solids on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2008; 22:1458-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Narendhirakannan RT, Subramanian S, Kandaswamy M. BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETOGENIC PROPERTIES OF SOME COMMONLY USED INDIAN PLANTS ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:1150-7. [PMID: 17184494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder with micro- and macrovascular complications that results in significant morbidity and mortality. 2. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycaemic efficacy of commonly used traditional Indian plants, such as Murraya koenigii, Mentha piperitae, Ocimum sanctum and Aegle marmelos, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental rats. 3. Oral administration of the ethanolic extract of these plants resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and urea, with a concomitant increase in glycogen, haemoglobin and protein, in diabetic rats. Treatment with these plant extracts also resulted in an increase in insulin and C-peptide levels and glucose tolerance. 4. The decreased activities of carbohydrate-metabolising enzymes, such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase, in diabetic rats were significantly elevated towards near normal in rats treated with extracts of M. koenigii, O. sanctum and A. marmelos; the increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase in STZ diabetic rats were significantly reduced following treatment with the plant extracts. 5. Elevated specific binding of [(125)I]-labelled insulin to the receptor found in diabetic rats was markedly decreased in extract-treated groups. However, treatment of diabetic rats with M. piperitae did not result in any significant modification in all parameters. 6. Phytochemical screening conducted by us revealed the presence of biologically active ingredients in the ethanolic extracts of M. koenigii, O. sanctum and A. marmelos, which may readily account for the observed hypoglycaemic activity.
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Halberstadt C, Emerich DF, Gores P. Use of Sertoli cell transplants to provide local immunoprotection for tissue grafts. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 4:813-25. [PMID: 15174964 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.4.6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The recent success of allogeneic islet transplantation for the treatment of type I diabetes has renewed interest in cell therapy for diseases of secretory cell dysfunction. Unfortunately, widespread clinical use of cell transplantation is limited by tissue availability and the need for long-term immunosuppresion. Testicular Sertoli cells can confer local immunoprotection for co-transplanted cells and may provide a means of overcoming the obstacles associated with cell transplantation. Sertoli cell grafts protect islets in animal models of diabetes and can be transplanted into the brain to enhance regeneration and promote the survival of co-grafted tissues. This review describes the role that Sertoli cells normally play in testicular immunology, details the preclinical data using transplanted Sertoli cells in models of diabetes and Parkinson's disease and discusses some of the possible mechanisms involved in this phenomena, as well as the future of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Halberstadt
- Carolinas Medical Center, General Surgery Research, Cannon Research Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232-2861, USA.
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17
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Kasiviswanath R, Ramesh A, Kumar KE. Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Effect of Gmelina asiatica LINN. in Normal and in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:729-32. [PMID: 15802818 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of root of Gmelina asiatica LINN. (G. asiatica) was investigated in normal and in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0 h and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 h after the treatment. The alcoholic extract of G. asiatica showed significant (p<0.05) dose dependent percentage blood glucose reduction in normal (25.8% at 100 mg/kg, 28.9% at 250 mg/kg and 32.4% at 500 mg/kg body weight) and in diabetic rats (26.6% at 100 mg/kg, 32.1% at 250 mg/kg and 48.2% at 500 mg/kg body weight) respectively at 6 h. The antihyperglycemic effect of G. asiatica was compared with the reference standard drug tolbutamide (40 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Routhu Kasiviswanath
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Pradesh, India.
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18
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Juan CC, Shen YW, Chien Y, Lin YJ, Chang SF, Ho LT. Insulin infusion induces endothelin-1-dependent hypertension in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287:E948-54. [PMID: 15226099 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00536.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that chronic insulin infusion induces insulin resistance, hyperendothelinemia, and hypertension in rats (C. C. Juan, V. S. Fang, C. F. Kwok, J. C. Perng, Y. C. Chou, and L. T. Ho. Metabolism 48: 465-471, 1999). Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is suggested to play an important role in maintaining vascular tone and regulating blood pressure, and insulin increases ET-1 production in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, BQ-610, a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, was used to examine the role of ET-1 in insulin-induced hypertension in rats. BQ-610 (0.7 mg/ml; 0.5 ml/kg body wt) or normal saline was given intraperitoneally two times daily for 25 days to groups of rats infused with either saline or insulin (2 U/day via sc-implanted osmotic pumps), and changes in plasma levels of insulin, glucose, and ET-1 and the systolic blood pressure were measured over the experimental period, whereas changes in insulin sensitivity were examined at the end of the experimental period. Plasma insulin and ET-1 levels were measured by RIA, plasma glucose levels using a glucose analyzer, systolic blood pressure by the tail-cuff method, and insulin sensitivity by an oral glucose tolerance test. Our studies showed that insulin infusion caused sustained hyperinsulinemia in both saline- and BQ-610-injected rats over the infusion period. After pump implantation (2 wk), the systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in insulin-infused rats than in saline-infused rats in the saline-injected group (133 +/- 3.1 vs. 113 +/- 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.05) but not in the BQ-610-injected group (117 +/- 1.2 vs. 117 +/- 1.8 mmHg). Plasma ET-1 levels in both sets of insulin-infused rats were higher than in saline-infused controls (2.5 +/- 0.6 and 2.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.4 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 pmol/l, P < 0.05). Oral glucose tolerance tests showed that BQ-610 treatment did not prevent the insulin resistance caused by chronic insulin infusion. No significant changes were found in insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in saline-infused rats treated with BQ-610. In a separate experiment, insulin infusion induced the increase in arterial ET-1 content, hypertension, and subsequent plasma ET-1 elevation in rats. These results suggest that, in the insulin infusion rat model, ET-1 plays a mediating role in the development of hypertension, but not of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Juan
- Institutes of Physiology and Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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19
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Emerich DF, Hemendinger R, Halberstadt CR. The testicular-derived Sertoli cell: cellular immunoscience to enable transplantation. Cell Transplant 2004; 12:335-49. [PMID: 12911122 DOI: 10.3727/000000003108746894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a renewed enthusiasm for the potential of cellular transplantation as a therapy for numerous clinical disorders. The revived interest is largely due to the unprecedented success of the "Edmonton protocol," which produced a 100% cure rate for type I diabetics following the transplantation of human islet allografts together with a modified immunosuppressive regimen. While these data provide a clear and unequivocal demonstration that transplantation is a viable treatment strategy, the shortage of suitable donor tissue together with the debilitating consequences of lifelong immunosuppression necessitate a concerted effort to develop novel means to enable transplantation on a widespread basis. This review outlines the use of Sertoli cells to provide local immunoprotection to cografted discordant cells, including those from xenogeneic sources. Sertoli cells are normally found in the testes where one of their functions is to provide local immunologic protection to developing germ cells. Isolated Sertoli cells 1) engraft and self-protect when transplanted into allogeneic and xenogeneic environments, 2) protect cografted allogeneic and xenogeneic cells from immune destruction, 3) protect islet grafts to reverse diabetes in animal models, 4) enable survival and function of cografted foreign dopaminergic neurons in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD), and 5) promote regeneration of damaged striatal dopaminergic circuitry in those same PD models. These benefits are discussed in the context of several potential underlying biological mechanisms. While the majority of work to date has focused on Sertoli cells to facilitate transplantation for diabetes and PD, the generalized ability of these unique cells to potently suppress the local immune environment opens additional clinical possibilities.
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Pari L, Amarnath Satheesh M. Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L.: effect on hepatic key enzymes in experimental diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 91:109-113. [PMID: 15036478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2002] [Revised: 11/26/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daily oral administration of aqueous solution of Boerhaavia diffusa L. leaf extract (BLEt) (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks on blood glucose concentration and hepatic enzymes in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. A significant decrease in blood glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels were observed in normal and diabetic rats treated with BLEt. Treatment with BLEt resulted in a significant reduction of glycosylated haemoglobin and an increase in total haemoglobin level. The activities of the hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase was significantly increased and glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased by the administration of BLEt in normal and diabetic rats. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed in the same groups, in which there was a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in rats treated with BLEt. A comparison was made between the action of BLEt and antidiabetic drug-glibenclamide (600 microg/kg). The effect of BLEt was more prominent when compared to glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608 002, India.
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Wu LY, Juan CC, Ho LT, Hsu YP, Hwang LS. Effect of green tea supplementation on insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:643-648. [PMID: 14759162 DOI: 10.1021/jf030365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological observations and laboratory studies have shown that green tea has a variety of health effects, including antitumor, antioxidative, and hypolipidemic activities. The aim of this study was to examine whether it had an effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 1 (in vivo study), rats were divided into two groups: a control group fed standard chow and deionized distilled water and a "green tea" group fed the same chow diet but with green tea instead of water (0.5 g of lyophilized green tea powder dissolved in 100 mL of deionized distilled water). After 12 weeks of green tea supplementation, the green tea group had lower fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acid than the control rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of, and insulin binding to, adipocytes were significantly increased in the green tea group. In experiment 2 (in vitro study), a tea polyphenol extract was used to determine its effect on insulin activity in vitro. Green tea polyphenols (0.075%) significantly increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of adipocytes. Results demonstrated that green tea increases insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats and that green tea polyphenol is one of the active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dufour JM, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Emerich DF. Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Properties of Sertoli Cells to Enable Xenotransplantation in Type I Diabetes. Immunol Invest 2003; 32:275-97. [PMID: 14603995 DOI: 10.1081/imm-120025106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has emerged as a viable long-term means of treating type I diabetes. This is largely due to the success of the "Edmonton protocol" which has produced insulin independence in 85% of patients 1 year after transplantation of allogeneic islets together with a non-steroid immunosuppressive regimen. While these data provide a clear and unequivocal demonstration that islet transplantation is a viable treatment strategy, the shortage of suitable donor tissue together with the debilitating consequences of life-long immunosuppression necessitate the development of novel means to enable transplantation of all type 1 diabetics including the young juvenile diabetics. One potential means of enabling islet transplantation takes advantage of the ability of Sertoli cells to provide local immunoprotection to co-grafted islets, including those from xenogeneic sources. Sertoli cells are normally found in the testes where one of their functions is to provide local immunologic protection to developing germ cells. In animal models, allogeneic and xenogeneic islets survive and function for extended periods of time when grafted into the testes. Moreover, isolated Sertoli cells protect co-grafted allogeneic and xenogeneic islets from immune destruction and reverse diabetes in immunocompetent and autoimmune animals. These benefits are discussed in the context of several potential underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannette M Dufour
- Surgical-Medical Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Pari L, Saravanan G. Antidiabetic effect of Cogent db, a herbal drug in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 131:19-25. [PMID: 11796322 DOI: 10.1016/s1532-0456(01)00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cogent db, a compound herbal drug, was investigated for its possible antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 g/kg body wt. of the aqueous solution of Cogent db for 40 days exhibited a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and increased plasma insulin, total haemoglobin along with antihyperlipidemic effects in diabetic rats. The effective dose was found to be 0.45 g/kg body wt. It also prevents body weight loss in diabetic rats. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed in experimental diabetic rats in which there was a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in rats treated with Cogent db. A comparison was made between the action of Cogent db and a known antidiabetic drug--glibenclamide (600 microg/kg body wt.). The antidiabetic effect of Cogent db was more effective than that observed with glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Juan CC, Au LC, Fang VS, Kang SF, Ko YH, Kuo SF, Hsu YP, Kwok CF, Ho LT. Suppressed gene expression of adipocyte resistin in an insulin-resistant rat model probably by elevated free fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:1328-33. [PMID: 11741341 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resistin, the peptide specifically secreted from adipocytes, is a hormone antagonistic to insulin action and, thus, may serve as a link between human obesity due to adiposity and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we studied the gene expression of resistin in adipocytes isolated from rats fed with a fructose diet which induced insulin resistance. Compared to the control rats (C) on a normal chow diet, the fructose-fed rats (F) developed hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension, a profile reminiscent of the syndrome X of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The F rats had significantly elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFA), enlarged epididymal fat pads, and increased adipocyte size compared with the C rats. We examined the glucose transport and the relative quantity of resistin mRNA produced in the adipocytes of these two groups of rats. Compared to the C rats, the F rats had a clearly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport. The gene expression of resistin and other adipocyte peptides was measured on the mRNA by semiquantitative RT-PCR; the validity of this technique was established in advance with a rat-fasting and then refeeding experiment. The F rats showed a decreased expression of the resistin gene, whereas gene expression of leptin and angiotensinogen in contrast increased. Free fatty acids were found to suppress the expression of resistin gene in normal rat adipocytes. These results demonstrate that an insulin-resistant instance in the fructose diet rat model exists with the decreased gene expression of resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Juan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Pari L, Maheswari JU. Hypoglycaemic effect of Musa sapientum L. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 68:321-325. [PMID: 10624895 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Musa sapientum L. ('Ney Poovan') commonly known as 'banana' is mainly used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 g/kg of chloroform extract of the Musa sapientum flowers (MSFEt) for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and an increase in total haemoglobin, but in the case of 0.25 g/kg the effect was highly significant. It also prevents decrease in body weight. Oral glucose tolerance test was also performed in experimental diabetic rats in which there was a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in animals treated with MSFEt and the effect was compared with glibenclamide. Thus the study shows that MSFEt has hypoglycaemic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pari
- Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang YJ, Fang VS, Juan CC, Chou YC, Kwok CF, Ho LT. Amelioration of insulin resistance and hypertension in a fructose-fed rat model with fish oil supplementation. Metabolism 1997; 46:1252-8. [PMID: 9361681 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In type II diabetic patients, one can detect several pathologic changes including insulin resistance and hypertension. Sprague-Dawley rats fed a fructose-rich diet (group F) exhibited these characteristic abnormalities within 2 weeks and were an excellent laboratory animal model for research on insulin action and development of hypertension. Since fish oils containing omega-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect in preventing atherosclerotic diseases, we performed repeated experiments to test the effects of fish oil supplementation in group F rats. Compared with control rats on a normal diet (group C), group F consistently developed hypertriglyceridemia without elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA), fasting hyperinsulinemia together with fasting hyperglycemia (insulin resistance syndrome), and systolic hypertension within 3 weeks. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin binding of adipocytes were significantly reduced. Rats fed the same high-fructose diet but supplemented with fish oil (group O) had alleviation of all of these metabolic defects and a normalized insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. beta-Cell function as shown by plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose remained intact in group F and group O. The plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) level and ET-1 binding to adipocytes were not different among the three groups. Based on these results, we suggest that dietary high fructose induced hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance with normal islet function, and that the induced hypertension was not associated with plasma ET-1 abnormalities and was probably caused by other undefined pathologic changes that can be prevented by dietary omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Huang
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Bozhedomov VA, Sukhikh GT, Molnar EM. [Prospects for clinical transplantation of the testis as an organ and as a tissue]. BIULLETEN' EKSPERIMENTAL'NOI BIOLOGII I MEDITSINY 1994; 117:400-4. [PMID: 9296672 DOI: 10.1007/bf02444196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Grasso P, Reichert LE. Induction of calcium transport into cultured rat Sertoli cells and liposomes by follicle-stimulating hormone. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1993; 48:517-21. [PMID: 8441860 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571148-7.50028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Grasso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albany Medical College, New York 12208
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Abstract
The complications of diabetes continue to present significant health risks despite improvements in conventional insulin therapy. Transplantation of pancreatic islet tissue has the potential to provide more precise glucose regulation and possibly minimize these implications. Recent advances in pancreatic islet isolation technology have facilitated investigation of islet allograft function in large animal models. These studies are fundamental to the development of methods for transplantation of allogeneic or xenogeneic islets in diabetic patients. This paper reviews the approaches which have been taken to prevent rejection and allow assessment of islet allograft function in the pancreatectomized dog model. These approaches include immunosuppression, immunomodulation of the donor tissue and isolation of allogeneic tissue within an immunoprotective membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sullivan
- BioHybrid Technologies Inc., Shrewsbury, MA 01545
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