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Zoccali C, Ortiz A, Blumbyte IA, Rudolf S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Malyszko J, Spasovski G, Carriazo S, Viggiano D, Kurganaite J, Sarkeviciene V, Rastenyte D, Figurek A, Rroji M, Mayer C, Arici M, Martino G, Tedeschi G, Bruchfeld A, Spoto B, Rychlik I, Wiecek A, Okusa M, Remuzzi G, Mallamaci F. Neuropeptide Y as a risk factor for cardiorenal disease and cognitive dysfunction in CKD: translational opportunities and challenges. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:ii14-ii23. [PMID: 34724060 PMCID: PMC8713155 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide member of a family also including peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide, which are all ligands to Gi/Go coupled receptors. NPY regulates several fundamental biologic functions including appetite/satiety, sex and reproduction, learning and memory, cardiovascular and renal function and immune functions. The mesenteric circulation is a major source of NPY in the blood in man and this peptide is considered a key regulator of gut–brain cross talk. A progressive increase in circulating NPY accompanies the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) toward kidney failure and NPY robustly predicts cardiovascular events in this population. Furthermore, NPY is suspected as a possible player in accelerated cognitive function decline and dementia in patients with CKD and in dialysis patients. In theory, interfering with the NPY system has relevant potential for the treatment of diverse diseases from cardiovascular and renal diseases to diseases of the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical formulations for effective drug delivery and cost, as well as the complexity of diseases potentially addressable by NPY/NPY antagonists, have been a problem until now. This in part explains the slow progress of knowledge about the NPY system in the clinical arena. There is now renewed research interest in the NPY system in psychopharmacology and in pharmacology in general and new studies and a new breed of clinical trials may eventually bring the expected benefits in human health with drugs interfering with this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York,USA and Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renale (IPNET) Reggio Cal., Italy c/o CNR-IFC, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Arune Blumbyte
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Nephrology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sarina Rudolf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, MK, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Sol Carriazo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. and Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Justina Kurganaite
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Nephrology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Sarkeviciene
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Nephrology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Rastenyte
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Neurology Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Department of Nephrology, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, MK, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Merita Rroji
- Department of Nephrology, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, MK, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Christopher Mayer
- Health and Bioresources, Biomedical Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mustapha Arici
- Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neurology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, and 3T-MRI Research Center, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden and Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Department of Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady,Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mark Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano and CNR-IFC, Reggio Cal, Italy
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Neuropeptide Y Leu7Pro polymorphism is not associated with risk of developing obesity in Pakistani population. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Vähätalo LH, Ruohonen ST, Ailanen L, Savontaus E. Neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons induces obesity in transgenic mouse models. Neuropeptides 2016; 55:31-7. [PMID: 26681068 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in noradrenergic neurons plays an important role in modulating the release and effects of catecholamines in a prolonged stress response. Among other functions, it controls energy metabolism. Transgenic expression of Npy in noradrenergic neurons in mice allowed showing that it is critical for diet- and stress-induced gain in fat mass. When overexpressed, NPY in noradrenergic neurons increases adiposity in gene-dose-dependent fashion, and leads to metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose tolerance. However, the mechanisms of obesity seem to be different in mice heterozygous and homozygous for the Npy transgene. While in heterozygous mice the adipogenic effect of NPY is important, in homozygous mice inhibition of sympathetic tone leading to decreased lipolytic activity and impaired brown fat function, as well as increased endocannabinoid levels contribute to obesity. The mouse model provides novel insight to the mechanisms of human diseases with increased NPY due to chronic stress or gain-of-function gene variants, and a tool for development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Vähätalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Ailanen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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4
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Polymorphisms in neuropeptide genes and bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women. Menopause 2015; 22:1256-63. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Vähätalo LH, Ruohonen ST, Mäkelä S, Kovalainen M, Huotari A, Mäkelä KA, Määttä JA, Miinalainen I, Gilsbach R, Hein L, Ailanen L, Mattila M, Eerola K, Röyttä M, Ruohonen S, Herzig KH, Savontaus E. Neuropeptide Y in the noradrenergic neurones induces obesity and inhibits sympathetic tone in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:902-19. [PMID: 25482272 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neuropeptide Y (NPY) co-localized with noradrenaline in central and sympathetic nervous systems seems to play a role in the control of energy metabolism. In this study, the aim was to elucidate the effects and pathophysiological mechanisms of increased NPY in catecholaminergic neurones on accumulation of body adiposity. METHODS Transgenic mice overexpressing NPY under the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase promoter (OE-NPY(DβH) ) and wild-type control mice were followed for body weight gain and body fat content. Food intake, energy expenditure, physical activity, body temperature, serum lipid content and markers of glucose homoeostasis were monitored. Thermogenic and lipolytic responses in adipose tissues, and urine catecholamine and tissue catecholamine synthesizing enzyme levels were analysed as indices of sympathetic tone. RESULTS Homozygous OE-NPY(DβH) mice showed significant obesity accompanied with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Increased adiposity was explained by neither increased food intake or fat absorption nor by decreased total energy expenditure or physical activity. Adipocyte hypertrophy and decreased circulating lipid levels suggested decreased lipolysis and increased lipid uptake. Brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity was decreased and brown adipocytes filled with lipids. Enhanced response to adrenergic stimuli, downregulation of catecholamine synthesizing enzyme expressions in the brainstem and lower adrenaline excretion supported the notion of low basal catecholaminergic activity. CONCLUSION Increased NPY in catecholaminergic neurones induces obesity that seems to be a result of preferential fat storage. These results support the role of NPY as a direct effector in peripheral tissues and an inhibitor of sympathetic activity in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. H. Vähätalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Program; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - S. T. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - S. Mäkelä
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - M. Kovalainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - A. Huotari
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - K. A. Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - J. A. Määttä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - I. Miinalainen
- Biocenter Oulu Electron Microscopy Core Facility; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - R. Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - L. Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - L. Ailanen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Program; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - M. Mattila
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Program; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - K. Eerola
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - M. Röyttä
- Department of Pathology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - S. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - K. -H. Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
| | - E. Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology; Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
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Genetic variability in energy balance and pancreatic cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Minnesota. Pancreas 2014; 43:281-6. [PMID: 24201779 PMCID: PMC3945710 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3182a7c829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence suggests that energy imbalance plays a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes regulating energy homeostasis influence pancreatic cancer risk. We investigated this question in a case-control study conducted from 1994 to 1998. METHODS Patients (n = 173) were ascertained from hospitals in the Twin Cities and Mayo Clinic, Minnesota. Control subjects (n = 476) were identified from the general population and frequency matched to patients by age and sex. Seven SNPs were evaluated in relation to pancreatic cancer using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, the leucine/proline or proline/proline genotype of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene rs16139 was associated with a lower risk than the leucine/leucine genotype (odds ratio, 0.40 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.91]). Conversely, an increased risk was observed for the glycine/arginine or arginine/arginine genotype of the adrenoceptor β2, surface (ADRB2) gene rs1042713 as compared with the glycine/glycine genotype (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.31]). CONCLUSIONS This study first reveals that SNPs in genes modulating energy intake (NPY) and energy expenditure (ADRB2) altered pancreatic cancer risk. If confirmed by other studies, our findings may shed new light on the etiology and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Jääskeläinen AE, Seppälä S, Kakko T, Jaakkola U, Kallio J. Systemic treatment with neuropeptide Y receptor Y1-antagonist enhances atherosclerosis and stimulates IL-12 expression in ApoE deficient mice. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:67-73. [PMID: 23261359 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Y1 receptors are involved in the mechanisms related to the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of systemically given NPY and its receptor Y1-antagonist on the development of atherosclerosis and associated inflammatory molecules in ApoE(-/-) mice during high-fat diet. METHODS Five weeks old ApoE(-/-) were fed atherogenic high cholesterol diet for 8weeks. The mice were injected with two doses of NPY (50 or 100μg/kg) or Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP3226 (100μg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally for 8weeks. Atherosclerosis lesion areas in aortic arch and descending aortas were determined, inflammatory molecules and NPY were determined in aortic wall, spleen, liver or in serum. RESULTS Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP3226 (100μg/kg) increased atherosclerotic lesion areas compared to vehicle in descending aortas in ApoE(-/-) mice (p=0.021). The expression levels of macrophage-derived cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12) in spleens and livers were 8-fold increased with BIBP3226 (p=0.006 and p=0.003, respectively) as determined by RT-qPCR. Cholesterol levels in serum correlated positively with VCAM-1 expression (p=0.003) and negatively with NPY expression (p=0.044) in aortic wall in mice treated with BIBP 3226. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that systemic treatment with Y1-antagonist enhances atherosclerosis development in ApoE deficient mice by triggering an overwhelming IL-12 production. The findings are highly valuable for evaluation of the development potential of Y1 ligands for therapeutics to treat or prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Jääskeläinen
- Centre for Biotechnology, Tykistökatu 6A, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Lin WJ, Salton SR. The regulated secretory pathway and human disease: insights from gene variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:96. [PMID: 23964269 PMCID: PMC3734370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulated secretory pathway provides critical control of peptide, growth factor, and hormone release from neuroendocrine and endocrine cells, and neurons, maintaining physiological homeostasis. Propeptides and prohormones are packaged into dense core granules (DCGs), where they frequently undergo tissue-specific processing as the DCG matures. Proteins of the granin family are DCG components, and although their function is not fully understood, data suggest they are involved in DCG formation and regulated protein/peptide secretion, in addition to their role as precursors of bioactive peptides. Association of gene variation, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with neuropsychiatric, endocrine, and metabolic diseases, has implicated specific secreted proteins and peptides in disease pathogenesis. For example, a SNP at position 196 (G/A) of the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene dysregulates protein processing and secretion and leads to cognitive impairment. This suggests more generally that variants identified in genes encoding secreted growth factors, peptides, hormones, and proteins involved in DCG biogenesis, protein processing, and the secretory apparatus, could provide insight into the process of regulated secretion as well as disorders that result when it is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jye Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen R. Salton
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Stephen R. Salton, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1065, New York, NY 10029, USA e-mail:
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Jaakkola U, Kakko T, Juonala M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Jääskeläinen AE, Mononen N, Kähönen M, Koskinen T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Raitakari O, Kallio J. Neuropeptide Y polymorphism increases the risk for asthma in overweight subjects; protection from atherosclerosis in asthmatic subjects--the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:321-8. [PMID: 23122776 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its gene polymorphisms in the development of atherosclerosis has become increasingly evident. In asthma, NPY has been shown to be involved as immunomodulator. In this study, we investigated the role of two functional NPY polymorphisms, NPY-Leu7Pro (rs16139) and NPY-399C/T (rs16147) and obesity for the development of asthma as well as atherosclerosis in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Also, we measured heart rate variability (HRV) and NPY in serum since these might contribute through these polymorphisms to both diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Thousand hundred and seventy six Finnish young adults were genotyped and three groups (G1-G3) were formed based on the observed diplotypes. The NPY-Pro7 allele always co-existed with the NPY-399T allele indicating complete linkage disequilibrium. Here we show that overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2) was associated with 2.5-fold increased risk for asthma in subjects with the NPY-399T allele without NPY-Pro7 allele (G2, n=716). Overweight was also associated with increased atherosclerosis determined by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), but asthma seemed to be more significant determinant than overweight in determing cIMT having a decreasing effect. NPY concentration in serum was diplotype-driven (G1=792.2(29.5), G2=849.0(18.9), G3=873.9(45.2) pg/ml) and correlated positively with cIMT in the group having NPY-Pro7 allele (G3, n=142). However, the subjects with asthma had a negative NPY-cIMT relationship. Total HRV was increased in asthma and correlated negatively with cIMT irrespective of the NPY genotype. CONCLUSIONS Overweight together with the NPY-399T allele without NPY-Pro7 allele was associated with increased risk for asthma. Atherosclerosis was decreased in subjects with asthma depending on the NPY genotype. The results reveal novel insights into the genetics and biology of the relationship of atherosclerosis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jaakkola
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ruohonen ST, Pesonen U, Savontaus E. Neuropeptide Y in the noradrenergic neurons induces the development of cardiometabolic diseases in a transgenic mouse model. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:S569-S576. [PMID: 23565492 PMCID: PMC3602986 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain and a peptide transmitter of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) co-released with noradrenaline (NA) in prolonged stress. Association of a gain-of-function polymorphism in the human NPY gene with dyslipideamia, diabetes and vascular diseases suggests that increased NPY plays a role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in humans. In the hypothalamus, NPY plays an established role in the regulation of body energy homeostasis. However, the effects of NPY elsewhere in the brain and in the SNS are less explored. In order to understand the role of NPY co-expressed with NA in the sympathetic nerves and brain noradrenergic neurons, a novel mouse model overexpressing NPY in noradrenergic neurons was generated. The mouse displays metabolic defects such as increased adiposity, hepatosteatosis, and impaired glucose tolerance as well as stress-related hypertension and increased susceptibility to vascular wall hypertrophy. The mouse phenotype closely reflects the findings of the several association studies with human NPY gene polymorphisms, and fits with the previous work on the effects of stress-induced NPY release on metabolism and vasculature. Thus, in addition of promoting feeding and obesity in the hypothalamus, NPY expressed in the noradrenergic neurons in the brain and in the SNS induces the development of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Koefoed P, Woldbye DPD, Hansen TVO, Eplov LF, Christiansen SH, Mors O, Kessing LV, Werge T, Kaipio K, Pesonen U, Fahmy T, Mellerup E, Jakobsen KD, Hansen ES, Knudsen GM, Bukh JD, Bock C, Lindberg C, Kristensen AS, Dam H, Nordentoft M, Als TD, Wang AG, Gether U, Rehfeld JF, Bolwig TG. Association of the leucine-7 to proline-7 variation in the signal sequence of neuropeptide Y with major depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2012; 24:81-90. [PMID: 26952950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is clear evidence of a genetic component in major depression, and several studies indicate that neuropeptide Y (NPY) could play an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. A well-known polymorphism encoding the substitution of leucine to proline in the signal peptide sequence of NPY (Leu7Pro variation) was previously found to protect against depression. Our study aimed at replicating this association in a large Danish population with major depression. METHOD Leu7Pro was studied in a sample of depressed patients and ethnically matched controls, as well as psychiatric disease controls with schizophrenia. Possible functional consequences of Leu7Pro were explored in vitro. RESULTS In contrast to previous studies, Pro7 appeared to be a risk allele for depression, being significantly more frequent in the depression sample (5.5%, n = 593; p = 0.009; odds ratio, OR: 1.46) as compared to ethnically matched controls (3.8%, n = 2912), while schizophrenia patients (4.1%, n = 503) did not differ. In vitro, the Pro7 substitution appeared to be associated with reduced levels of NPY without affecting its mRNA level. CONCLUSION The Leu7Pro variation may increase the risk of major depression, possibly by affecting the biosynthesis of NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Koefoed
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene F Eplov
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark and Research Unit for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Søren H Christiansen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre St. Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Fahmy
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erling Mellerup
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus D Jakobsen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre St. Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Elsebeth S Hansen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Bukh
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Bock
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lindberg
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann S Kristensen
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dam
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Als
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Group and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom G Bolwig
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yeung EH, Zhang C, Chen J, Bowers K, Hu FB, Kang G, Qi L. Polymorphisms in the neuropeptide Y gene and the risk of obesity: findings from two prospective cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E2055-62. [PMID: 21937627 PMCID: PMC3232624 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neuropeptide Y (NPY) increases appetite and food intake in animals. Conflicting evidence has been found for the association between polymorphisms of the NPY gene and obesity in humans. OBJECTIVE The objective of the investigation was to study four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPY gene [rs17149106 (G>T), rs16147 (C>T), rs16139 (T>C), rs5574 (C>T)] with body adiposity. DESIGN The study design included a candidate gene association study from two cohorts. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand seventy-one women from the Nurses' Health Study and 1268 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up study participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Weight and height were self-reported at baseline and updated every 2 yr to calculate body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Two SNPs (rs17149106 (G>T) and rs16139 (T>C)), with minor allele frequencies of 4%, were associated with elevated risks of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) in both cohorts. The pooled adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] were 1.72 (95% CI 1.20-2.47) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.24-2.60), respectively. Haplotype analyses reflected the associations with the individual SNP. TTCC carriers, with the minor allele of both SNPs, had an increased risk of obesity (odds ratio 1.89; 95% CI 1.29-2.75) compared with those carrying the common haplotype GCTT. Carriers of the rs16139 C allele had greater BMI than noncarriers with a pooled mean difference of +0.58 kg/m(2) (95% CI 0.01-1.15) among women and men. Both rs17149106 and rs16139 were associated with weight gain since adolescence/early adulthood but were not associated with abdominal adiposity as measured by waist circumference and waist to hip ratio. CONCLUSIONS NPY gene variants were significantly associated with weight changes from young adulthood to middle age and with risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina H Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Boulevard, 7B03, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Kakko T, Jaakkola U, Raitakari OT, Kallio J. Inflammatory effects of blood leukocytes: association with vascular function in neuropeptide Y proline 7-genotyped type 2 diabetes patients. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2011; 8:221-8. [PMID: 21746772 DOI: 10.1177/1479164111415882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of inflammatory blood cell activation with vascular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes to elucidate the possible mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis observed in subjects with the Leucine 7 to Proline 7 polymorphism (Leu7Pro) in the neuropeptide Y (NPY). METHODS Our study included 31 Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes; 12 of them had the Leu7Pro7 (heterozygous), and 19 had the Leu7Leu7 (wild type) genotype. Vascular parameters were determined by ultrasound methods. Leukocyte analyses were performed from blood samples using flow cytometry. NPY concentrations were determined in plasma. RESULTS The amount of platelet-granulocyte complexes was positively correlated with NPY concentration (p=0.008) and carotid intima-media thickness (p=0.035) in the Leu7Pro7 group. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression in monocytes correlated negatively with brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation also in the Leu7Pro7 group (p=0.037). The expression of tissue factor on monocytes correlated negatively with brachial artery diameter in the Leu7Pro7 patients as well (p=0.019). CONCLUSION The results indicate significant associations between inflammatory cell activation in blood and vascular atherosclerosis in genetically prone subjects, and provide possible mechanistic information about the role of NPY and the Leu7Pro polymorphism in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Francès F, Guillen M, Verdú F, Portolés O, Castelló A, Sorlí J, Corella D. The 1258 G>A polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y gene is associated with greater alcohol consumption in a Mediterranean population. Alcohol 2011; 45:131-6. [PMID: 21303710 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system. Several studies have demonstrated that increases of NPY are associated with reduced alcohol intake and anxiety manifestations. The Leu7Pro polymorphism in the NPY has been associated with alcohol consumption, but evidence is scarce. In the Spanish Mediterranean population, this variant is not polymorphic. Thus, our aim is to identify novel functional variants in the NPY and to investigate the impact of these markers and others previously described on alcohol consumption in this population. A total of 911 subjects (321 men and 590 women) from the Spanish Mediterranean population were recruited. Alcohol consumption, and demographic and lifestyle variables were measured. Nucleotide sequence determination and SNP analyses were carried out. Only one exonic SNP was detected by direct sequencing (1258 G>A or rs9785023; allele frequency 0.47). From the intronic markers chosen (483 A>G or rs13235938, 2517 A>G or rs4722342, and 7065 A>G or rs4722343), only the two latter ones were polymorphic (allele frequencies 0.46 and 0.04, respectively), and none of them were associated with alcohol consumption. However, the 1258 G>A SNP was associated (recessive pattern) with higher alcohol intake. This association was particularly relevant in men with high alcohol intake (59.1±5.0 g/day in AA as opposed to 40.6±7.5 in the G carriers, P=.022) and women with moderate alcohol intake (7.3±5.5 g/day in AA as opposed to 4.6±3.9g/day in G carriers, P=.048). The 1258 G>A polymorphism in the NPY is associated with higher alcohol consumption in the Mediterranean population.
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Yu JT, Yu NN, Gao SS, Song JH, Ma T, Wang ND, Tang YC, Zhang N, Tan L. Neuropeptide Y polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:242-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaipio K, Kallio J, Pesonen U. The effect of endogenous preproneuropeptide Y leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism on growth and apoptosis in primary cultured HUVECs. Biol Chem 2009; 390:899-905. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a universally expressed neuropeptide involved in the regulation of several physiological functions. The rather common leucine7 to proline7 (L7P) polymorphism in the signal peptide of preproNPY is a functional substitution, which changes the processing and release of NPY in cells. The mutation is associated with altered lipid levels and accelerated atherosclerosis in humans. Based on previous studies, we investigated the effect of the Pro7 allele in endothelial cells, which are known to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied in primary cultured, genotyped human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our results indicate that cells with the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotype seem to have a tendency to be more sensitive to the growth stimulating effect of NPY and less sensitive to the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor compared to cells with the [p.L7]+[p.L7] genotype. Additionally, cells with the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotype seem to be more sensitive to apoptosis than [p.L7]+[p.L7] cells. We speculate that the L7P substitution in preproNPY might cause a state of cellular pre-senescence, leading to endothelial dysfunction. This might be one reason for the associations of the L7P polymorphism with atherosclerosis and type II diabetes found in clinical studies.
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Kaipio K, Pesonen U. The intracellular mobility of NPY and a putative mitochondrial form of NPY in neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 2008; 450:181-5. [PMID: 19022345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preproneuropeptide Y is a precursor peptide to mature neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is a universally expressed peptide in the central and peripheral nervous system. NPY is normally routed to endoplasmic reticulum and secretory vesicles in cells, which secrete NPY. In our previous studies, we found a functional Leucine7 to Proline7 (L7P) polymorphism in the signal peptide sequence of preproNPY. This polymorphism affects the secretion of NPY and causes multiple physiological effects in humans. The sequence of NPY mRNA contains two in frame kozak sequences that allow translation initiation to shift, and translation of two proteins. In addition to mature NPY(1-36) also a putative truncated NPY(17-36) with mitochondrial targeting signal is produced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein mobility of the putative mitochondrial fragment and the effect of the L7P polymorphism on the cellular level using GFP tagged constructs. The mobility was studied with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique in a neuronal cell line. We found that the mobility of the secretory vesicles with NPY(1-36) in cells with L7P genotype was increased in comparison to vesicle mobility in cells with the more abundant L7L genotype. The mobility in the cells with the putative mitochondrial construct was found to be very low. According to the results of the present study, the mitochondrial truncated peptide stays in the mitochondrion. It can be hypothesized that this could be one of the factors affecting energy balance of the membranes of the mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kaipio
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, PharmaCity, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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NPY L7P polymorphism and metabolic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 149:51-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Neuropeptide Y polymorphism significantly magnifies diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in obesity: the Hoorn Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 63:150-2. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ukkola O, Kesäniemi YA. Leu7Pro polymorphism of PreproNPY associated with an increased risk for type II diabetes in middle-aged subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61:1102-5. [PMID: 17268419 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a central in energy homeostasis and potentially in the development of obesity-related comorbidities, like type II diabetes. As the PreproNPY Leu7Pro polymorphism probably changes the intracellular processing of the synthesized preproNPY peptide, we assessed the hypothesis that PreproNPY Leu7Pro polymorphism is a risk factor for type II diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension. DESIGN Blood pressure recordings and oral glucose tolerance test were performed in the hypertensive (n=515) and control cohorts (n=525) of our well-defined Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis (OPERA) study. The prevalence of type II diabetes was 9% (n=93). The genotypes, insulin and glucose metabolism indexes and plasma ghrelin of the subjects were determined. RESULTS Pro7 allele frequencies were 5.9, 5.3 and 11.3% in the total cohort, in subjects without and with type II diabetes, respectively. The PreproNPY Pro7 carrier status was a significant risk factor for type II diabetes, and the effect remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference and study group (odds ratio=3.02, confidence interval: 1.67-5.44 and P<0.001). Pro7 carriers were more insulin resistant and showed lower ghrelin levels compared to non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The PreproNPY Pro7 allele is associated with an increased risk for type II diabetes. The risk seems to be associated with a higher insulin resistance among Pro7 carriers whereas low ghrelin concentrations in Pro7 carriers are possibly a consequence of high insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ukkola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullamari Pesonen
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4B, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Skibola DR, Smith MT, Bracci PM, Hubbard AE, Agana L, Chi S, Holly EA. Polymorphisms in ghrelin and neuropeptide Y genes are associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:1251-6. [PMID: 15894681 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a positive association among body mass index, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the leptin and leptin receptor genes that are involved in body weight regulation, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Polymorphisms in the ghrelin (GHRL) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes were examined in the same population-based case-control study of NHL to further explore the role of genes involved in energy homeostasis and obesity in susceptibility to NHL. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that induces NPY release and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines via its antagonistic relationship with leptin. NPY is a potent appetite stimulator controlled by ghrelin and leptin and also acts as a mediator of immune function. DNA from 458 cases and 812 controls was genotyped. Among genotyped GHRL SNPs, the variant allele for GHRL -4427G>A was inversely associated with all NHL [odds ratios (OR), 0.78; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.59-1.0] and more specifically with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL; homozygous variant: OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.74). Another SNP, GHRL 5179A>G, decreased the risk of DLCL (homozygous variant: OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.10-1.2). NPY -485T>C, 1258G>A, and 5671C>T were in total linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.99) and the homozygous variants were associated with an increased risk of NHL in NPY SNPs -485T>C (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5), 1258G>A (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5), and 5671C>T (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8). When stratified by subtype, the variant allele for NPY 1128T>C was positively associated with follicular lymphoma (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9) as were homozygous variants for NPY SNPs -485T>C (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4), 1258G>A (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5), and 5671C>T (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0). These results add further support for the hypothesis that SNPs in energy-regulating genes affect risk of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica R Skibola
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
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Jaakkola U, Kuusela T, Jartti T, Pesonen U, Koulu M, Vahlberg T, Kallio J. The Leu7Pro polymorphism of preproNPY is associated with decreased insulin secretion, delayed ghrelin suppression, and increased cardiovascular responsiveness to norepinephrine during oral glucose tolerance test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:3646-52. [PMID: 15797951 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a role in angiogenesis, cardiovascular regulation, and hormone secretion. The leucine7 to proline7 (Leu7Pro) polymorphism of preproNPY is associated with vascular diseases and has an impact on hormone levels in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the role of the Leu7Pro polymorphism in metabolic and cardiovascular autonomic regulation. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS A 5-h oral glucose tolerance test was performed on 27 healthy volunteers representing two preproNPY genotypes (Leu7/Pro7 and Leu7/Leu7) matched for age, sex, body mass index and physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Simultaneously we performed cardiovascular autonomic function tests and plasma measurements of sympathetic transmitters, glucose, insulin, and ghrelin. RESULTS The subjects with Leu7/Pro7 genotype had decreased plasma NPY, norepinephrine (NE), and insulin concentrations and insulin to glucose ratios. The suppression of ghrelin concentrations after glucose ingestion was delayed in these subjects. They also had increased heart rate variability indices and baroreflex sensitivity. However, they displayed significant negative association of NE concentration with variability of low-frequency R-R-intervals and with baroreflex sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The Leu7Pro polymorphism of preproNPY is related to decreased level of basal sympathetic activity, decreased insulin secretion, and delayed ghrelin suppression during oral glucose tolerance test. The increased responsiveness of autonomic functions to NE associated with the polymorphism may be connected to increased cardiovascular vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulriikka Jaakkola
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Zhuo JL. Neuropeptide Y T1128C polymorphism: an independent predictor of hypertensive and cardiovascular diseases? J Hypertens 2005; 22:1251-3. [PMID: 15201537 PMCID: PMC2277519 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000125471.35523.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zoccali C. Neuropeptide Y as a far-reaching neuromediator: from energy balance and cardiovascular regulation to central integration of weight and bone mass control mechanisms. Implications for human diseases. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14:25-32. [PMID: 15586012 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-200501000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW I review recent knowledge on the interference of neuropeptide Y with energy balance and cardiovascular and renal disease and on the central regulation of bone mass. RECENT FINDINGS Although neuropeptide Y is mainly seen as a vasoconstrictor, rats overexpressing the neuropeptide Y gene show reduced blood pressure and longer life span in comparison with control rats. Due to its strong mitogenic effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, neuropeptide Y induces occlusive lesions in a rat model of atherosclerosis induced by balloon angioplasty. The involvement of neuropeptide Y in experimental atherosclerosis is complex and may include also favourable, compensatory, mechanisms because, at physiological concentrations, it also activates a potent neoangiogenic response to ischemia. Subjects with a common genotype in the neuropeptide Y gene, which underlies increased intracellular neuropeptide Y storage, display slightly raised blood pressure, high serum cholesterol and increased carotid intima media thickness. In patients with end-stage renal disease high neuropeptide Y in plasma has been associated consistently with concentric left-ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular mortality. Finally, recent studies have shown that neuropeptide Y constitutes an important central regulator of bone mass and that it may be involved in inflammation and immune regulation. SUMMARY Evidence has accrued in experimental animals that altered neuropeptide Y is involved in obesity and the attendant metabolic complications. Recent data also suggest that this peptide may play a role in atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IBIM Epidemiologia Clinica e Fisiopatologia delle Malattie Renali e dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Wallerstedt SM, Skrtic S, Eriksson AL, Ohlsson C, Hedner T. Association analysis of the polymorphism T1128C in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y in a Swedish hypertensive population. J Hypertens 2004; 22:1277-81. [PMID: 15201542 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000125415.50839.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuropeptide Y (NPY) signal peptide polymorphism T1128C has been linked to several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of this polymorphism for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease outcome. DESIGN In a prospective study cohort, 1032 hypertensive patients (174 myocardial infarction and 170 stroke patients and 688 matched controls) were analysed for the T1128C polymorphism in the NPY gene. METHODS The dynamic allele specific hybridization (DASH) method was used for genotyping. Serum from the same participants was analysed for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides. RESULTS The frequency of the NPY T1128C polymorphism was 8.4% among patients with a myocardial infarction or stroke, as compared to 5.1% in the control group (P = 0.040). The difference remained significant after adjustment for the cardiovascular risk factors age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, presence of diabetes, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that the NPY T1128C polymorphism is an independent predictor for myocardial infarction and stroke in a Swedish hypertensive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Wallerstedt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Pettersson-Fernholm K, Karvonen MK, Kallio J, Forsblom CM, Koulu M, Pesonen U, Fagerudd JA, Groop PH. Leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y is associated with proteinuria, coronary heart disease, and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:503-9. [PMID: 14747236 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.2.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropeptide Y is a potent vasoconstrictor thought to enhance the development of atherosclerosis. The leucine 7 to proline 7 (Leu7Pro) polymorphism, located in the signal peptide part of the human preproneuropeptide Y, has been associated with serum lipid levels, intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries, and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, we investigated the impact of the Leu7Pro polymorphism on diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 996 patients from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy study were studied in a case-control, cross-sectional study. The carrier frequency of the Pro7 substitution was 13% in the entire study population. RESULTS The Pro7 substitution was more common in patients with proteinuria than in those with a normal albumin excretion rate (16 vs. 11%, P < 0.05). Patients with the Pro7 allele had worse glycemic control (HbA(1c) 8.8 vs. 8.5%, P < 0.005), more coronary heart disease (CHD) (14 vs. 8%, P < 0.05), and higher serum triglycerides (1.65 vs. 1.35 mmol/l, P < 0.005) than patients with the wild-type genotype. There were no differences in the plasma neuropeptide Y levels between the patients with Pro7 compared with those with the wild-type genotype. The Leu7Pro polymorphism was independently associated with HbA(1c) (P < 0.001), proteinuria (P < 0.01), and CHD (P < 0.01) in multiple regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the Leu7Pro polymorphism may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy and CHD in type 1 diabetic patients, possibly by influencing glycemic control and triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pettersson-Fernholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Koulu M, Movafagh S, Tuohimaa J, Jaakkola U, Kallio J, Pesonen U, Geng Y, Karvonen MK, Vainio-Jylhä E, Pöllönen M, Kaipio-Salmi K, Seppälä H, Lee EW, Higgins RD, Zukowska Z. Neuropeptide Y and Y2-receptor are involved in development of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization. Ann Med 2004; 36:232-40. [PMID: 15181979 DOI: 10.1080/07853890410031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y is a sympathetic neurotransmitter, a potent endothelium-derived angiogenic factor and a vascular mitogen. We have studied the role of the functional leucine7 to proline7 polymorphism of the signal peptide region of preproneuropeptide Y (prepro-NPY) as a genetic susceptibility factor for diabetic retinopathy. In addition, we investigated the role of the NPY Y2-receptor as a putative mediator of angiogenic NPY signaling in the retina. METHODS Frequencies of proline7 (Pro7) carriers in the prepro-NPY were determined in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients having retinopathy, in type 2 diabetes patients without retinopathy and in healthy control subjects. The role of Y2-receptor in hyperoxemia-induced retinal neovascularization was investigated in Y2-receptor knockout mice (Y2-/-) and in rats administered Y2-receptor mRNA antisense oligonucleotide. RESULTS The carriers having Pro7 in the preproNPY are markedly over-represented among type 2 diabetes patients with retinopathy compared to type 2 diabetes patients without retinopathy and to the population control. Neonatal exposure to hyperoxia resulted in development of retinal neovascularization that was prevented in Y2(-1-) -mice, and significantly inhibited in rats treated with the Y2-receptor antisense oligonucleotide. CONCLUSIONS NPY and Y2-receptor play important roles in diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization and are thus potential new targets for drug molecules for treatment of retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Koulu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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