1
|
Mansour A, Motamed S, Hekmatdoost A, Karimi S, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Abdollahi M, Jelodar R, Sajjadi-Jazi SM. Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3669. [PMID: 36871124 PMCID: PMC9985614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the progressive prevalence and co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as the current evidence suggesting the elevated levels of basal metabolic rate (BMR) among these individuals, the present study aimed to identify factors determining hypermetabolism in such subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in 30 to 53-year-old individuals with concurrent T2DM and NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter score ≥ 260 dB/m). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined by an indirect calorimetry device. Hypermetabolism was defined as an elevated measured REE > 110% of the predicted REE. The multivariate logistic regression test was used for detecting factors associated with hypermetabolism. Between September, 2017, and March, 2018, a total of 95 eligible participants (64.40% male) with both T2DM and NAFLD were included, while 32.63% of them were classified as hypermetabolic. Overall, the mean recruitment age ± standard deviation and median (interquartile range) body mass index were 44.69 ± 5.47 years and 30.20 (27.80-33.30) kg/m2, respectively. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical variables did not vary significantly across two groups except for total body water, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (p < 0.05). According to the results of multivariable logistic regression analyses, hypermetabolism had a positive association with adiponectin (odds ratio [OR] 1.167, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015-1.342, p = 0.030), physical activity (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.002-1.284, p = 0.046), alanine transaminase (OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.006-1.122, p = 0.031) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.067, 95% CI 1.010-1.127, p = 0.021). However, fat free mass was inversely related to hypermetabolism (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.883-0.991, p = 0.023). Adiponectin, alanine transaminase, physical activity, diastolic blood pressure and fat free mass were independently associated with hypermetabolism in subjects with NAFLD and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mansour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihane Jelodar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bettini S, Milan G, Favaretto F, Fabris R, Dal Prà C, Quinto G, Cosma C, Vettor R, Busetto L. Metabolic Slowing Vanished 5 Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients With Obesity and Prediabetes/Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3830-e3840. [PMID: 35642864 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases after weight loss more than expected according to body composition changes. Metabolic adaptation (MA) or metabolic slowing represents the difference between measured (m) and predicted (p) REE, and it is not clear whether it persists in the long-term. The aim of this study is to evaluate MA occurring 1 year (V1) and 5 years (V5) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in patients with obesity and normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes (preDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS We reassessed 37 patients (14 males/23 females) of 44.8 ± 10 years old, since they registered all the biochemical, body composition, and REE assessments at baseline (V0), V1, and V5. Physical activity (PA) was assessed by interview and questionnaire. RESULTS Patients displayed a percentage of weight loss of 31.5 ± 7.4% at V1 and a weight regain of 8.9 ± 7.5% at V5. Comparing V1 and V5, fat mass showed a slight increase (P = 0.011), while free fat mass remained unchanged (P = 0.304). PA improved at V1 (P < 0.001), remaining stable at V5 (P = 0.9). Measured REE (mREE) displayed a 31.2% reduction with a corresponding decrease of predicted REE (pREE) of 21.4% at V1, compared with V0 (P = 0.005), confirming a significant MA at V1. Conversely, no difference between mREE and pREE was observed at V5 (P = 0.112). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that only patients with preDM and T2DM displayed MA at V1, which vanished 5 years after LSG. Patients who practiced more PA prevent MA after surgery-induced wight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bettini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabris
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Dal Prà
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Quinto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soares M, Zhao Y, Calton E, Pathak K, Chan She Ping-Delfos W, Cummings N, Nsatimba P. The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080722. [PMID: 36005594 PMCID: PMC9414919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the increasing number of its components influenced the resting energy expenditure (REE). Data on adult men (n = 72, 40%) and women (n = 108, 60%) from European (n = 154, 86%) and Sub-Saharan African (n = 26, 14%) ancestry were used. Ninety-five (53%) participants had MetS (MetS+), while 85 (47%) were without MetS (MetS−). REE was determined through indirect calorimetry, body composition by DEXA, and clinical biochemistry by standard laboratory techniques. MetS+ had a significantly higher REE (mean ± se: MetS+: 5995 ± 87.3 vs. MetS−: 5760 ± 86.3 kJ/d, p = 0.025) when adjusted for age, gender, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), ethnicity, season, 25OHD, insulin sensitivity, and time of data collection. Within each MetS status group, an increase in the number of components (C) resulted in a stepwise increase in REE. Relative to zero components, those with 1C had adjusted REE higher by +526 ± 248.1 kJ/d (p = 0.037), while 2C were higher than 1C by +298 ± 140.8 kJ/d (p = 0.037). Similarly, relative to 3C, those with 4C had REE higher by +242 ± 120.7 kJ/d (p = 0.049). The higher REE of 5C over 4C by 132 ± 174.5 kJ/d did not achieve statistical significance. MetS was associated with a significantly higher REE. This greater energetic cost varied directly with the numbers of its components but was most evident in those not diagnosed with the syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Soares
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Emily Calton
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kaveri Pathak
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Cummings
- WA Eating Disorder Specialist Service, Mental Health, Public Health and Dental Services, Perth, WA 6003, Australia
| | - Patience Nsatimba
- Nursing Directorate, Pantang Hospital, Greater Accra, Accra GA184, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hypothesized pathways for the association of vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity with resting energy expenditure: a cross sectional mediation analysis in Australian adults of European ancestry. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1457-1463. [PMID: 35365764 PMCID: PMC9550620 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of vitamin D in human energy expenditure requires confirmation. We explored whether insulin sensitivity (IS)/insulin resistance (IR) mediated the association of vitamin D status (25OHD) on resting energy expenditure (REE). Methods REE, body composition (by DEXA) and clinical biochemistry of 155 Australian men and women were collated. A hypothesized mediation pathway through IS/IR on the direct association between 25OHD and REE was modeled, using three surrogate indices of IS/IR: McAuley’s insulin sensitivity index (McA), Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and triglyceride to glucose ratio (TYG). The modeling was performed on PROCESS SPSS Macro (version 4.0) based on 5000 bootstrapped samples, with and without the adjustment for covariates. Results Unadjusted models indicated a sizeable negative mediation by all IS/IR indices but no significant direct effect of 25OHD on REE. On adjustment for covariates, a negative indirect mediation effect of McA [β coefficient (SE) −2.1(0.821); bootstrapped 95% CI:−3.934, −0.703; p < 0.05] and a similar negative mediation of TYG [−1.935 (0.780); bootstrapped 95% CI: (−3.679, −0.622; p < 0.05] was observed. These models also showed a positive direct effect of 25OHD on REE. In contrast, QUICKI made a smaller contribution to the total effect though in the same direction as the other two measures [−0.783 (0.534); bootstrapped 95% CI: (−1.939, 0.134; P > 0.05]. Conclusions A sizeable, partial, negative mediation of IS/IR on the direct relationship between 25OHD and REE, dampened the total effect of vitamin D on REE. Validation of the proposed causal framework would clarify vitamin D’s role in human energy metabolism.
Collapse
|
5
|
Piaggi P, Basolo A, Martin CK, Redman LM, Votruba SB, Krakoff J. The counterbalancing effects of energy expenditure on body weight regulation: Orexigenic versus energy-consuming mechanisms. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:639-644. [PMID: 35166035 PMCID: PMC9303538 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight change is a dynamic function of whole-body energy balance resulting from the interplay between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE). Recent reports have provided evidence for the existence of a causal effect of EE on energy intake, suggesting that increased EE may drive overeating, thereby promoting future weight gain. This study investigated the relationships between ad libitum energy intake and 24-hour EE (24-h EE) in sedentary conditions versus long-term, free-living weight change using a mediation analysis framework. METHODS Native American individuals (n = 61, body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry: 39.7% [SD 9.5%]) were admitted to the clinical inpatient unit and had baseline measurements as follows: 1) 24-h EE accurately measured in a whole-room indirect calorimeter during energy balance and weight stability; and 2) ad libitum energy intake objectively assessed for 3 days using computerized vending machines. Free-living weight change was assessed after a median follow-up time of 1.7 years (interquartile range: 1.2-2.9). RESULTS The total effect of 24-h EE on weight change (-0.23 kg per 100-kcal/d difference in EE at baseline) could be partitioned into the following two independent and counterbalanced effects: higher EE protective against weight gain (-0.46 kg per 100-kcal/d difference in EE at baseline) and an orexigenic effect promoting overeating, thereby favoring weight gain (+0.23 kg per 100-kcal/d difference in EE at baseline). CONCLUSIONS The overall impact of EE on body weight regulation should be evaluated by also considering its collateral effect on energy intake. Any weight loss intervention aimed to induce energy deficits by increasing EE should take into account any potential orexigenic effects that promote compensatory overeating, thereby limiting the efficacy of these obesity therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
- Department of Information EngineeringUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Alessio Basolo
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Susanne B. Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Buch A, Diener J, Stern N, Rubin A, Kis O, Sofer Y, Yaron M, Greenman Y, Eldor R, Eilat-Adar S. Comparison of Equations Estimating Resting Metabolic Rate in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1644. [PMID: 33921537 PMCID: PMC8070373 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring resting metabolic rate (RMR) is time-consuming and expensive, and thus various equations for estimating RMR have been developed. This study's objective was to compare five equations in elderly people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RMR was measured in 90 older adults (≥65 years) with T2DM (mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.5 kg/m2), using indirect calorimetry. Results were compared to four frequently used equations (those of Cunningham, Harris and Benedict, and Gougeon developed for young adults with T2DM, and that of Lührmann, which was developed for the elderly), in addition to a new equation developed recently at the Academic College at Wingate (Nachmani) for overweight individuals. Estimation accuracy was defined as the percentage of subjects with calculated RMR within ±10% of measured RMR. Measured RMR was significantly underestimated by all equations. The equations of Nachmani and Lührmann had the best estimation accuracy: 71.4% in males and 50.9% in females. Skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the use of insulin explained 70.6% of the variability in measured RMR. RMR in elderly participants with T2DM was higher than that calculated using existing equations. The most accurate equations for this specific population were those developed for obesity or the elderly. Unbalanced T2DM may increase caloric demands in the elderly. It is recommended to adjust the RMR equations used for the target population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Buch
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (O.K.); (Y.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (R.E.)
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Metabolism and Aging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel;
- School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
| | - Jonathan Diener
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
- The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya 42902, Israel; (A.R.); (S.E.-A.)
| | - Naftali Stern
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Metabolism and Aging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel;
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amir Rubin
- The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya 42902, Israel; (A.R.); (S.E.-A.)
| | - Ofer Kis
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (O.K.); (Y.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Yael Sofer
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (O.K.); (Y.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (R.E.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mariana Yaron
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (O.K.); (Y.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Yona Greenman
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (O.K.); (Y.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (R.E.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roy Eldor
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (O.K.); (Y.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (R.E.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sigal Eilat-Adar
- The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya 42902, Israel; (A.R.); (S.E.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Oliveira Fernandes T, Avesani CM, Aoike DT, Cuppari L. New predictive equations to estimate resting energy expenditure of non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease patients. J Nephrol 2021; 34:1235-1242. [PMID: 33575948 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of resting energy expenditure (REE) is an important step for the nutritional and medical care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods such as indirect calorimetry or traditional predictive equations are costly or inaccurate to estimate REE of CKD patients. We aimed to develop and validate predictive equations to estimate the REE of non-dialysis dependent-CKD patients. METHODS A database comprising REE measured by indirect calorimetry (mREE) of 170 non-dialysis dependent-CKD patients was used to develop (n = 119) and validate (n = 51) a new REE-predictive equation. Fat free mass (FFM) was assessed by anthropometry and by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). RESULTS The multiple regression analysis generated three equations: (1) REE (kcal/day) = 854 + 7.4*Weight + 179*Sex - 3.3*Age + 2.1 *eGFR + 26 (if DM) (R2 = 0.424); (2) REE (kcal/day) = 678.3 + 14.07*FFM.ant + 54.8*Sex - 2*Age + 2.5*eGFR + 140.7* (if DM) (R2 = 0.449); (3) REE (kcal/day) = 668 + 17.1*FFM.BIA - 2.7*Age - 92.7*Sex + 1.3*eGFR - 152.3 (if DM) (R2 = 0.45). The estimated REE (eREE) was not different from the mREE (P = 0.181), a high ICC was found and the mean difference between mREE and eREE was not different from zero for the three equations in the validation group. eREE accuracy between 90 and 110% was observed in 55.3%, 62.5% and 61% of the patients for Eqs. (1), (2) and (3), respectively. CONCLUSION The equations showed acceptable accuracy for REE prediction making them a valuable tool to support practitioners to provide more reliable energy recommendations for this group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Oliveira Fernandes
- Nutrition Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital do Rim-Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 282, São Paulo, 04039-000, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Avesani
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Division of Renal Medicine-Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute (KI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Danilo Takashi Aoike
- Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cuppari
- Nutrition Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. .,Hospital do Rim-Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 282, São Paulo, 04039-000, Brazil. .,Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Behairy A, Abd El-Rahman GI, Aly SSH, Fahmy EM, Abd-Elhakim YM. Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate plasticizer triggers hepatic, brain, and cardiac injury in rats: Mitigating effect of Peganum harmala oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111620. [PMID: 33396140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) is a widely used plasticizer and prevalent environmental contaminant. In this study, DEHA concentrations in the milk, cheese, and butter samples wrapped with food-grade commercial polyethylene films and stored at 4 °C for 30 days were detected using gas chromatographic analysis. Also, the effects of exposure to a high dose of DEHA for a long duration on the liver, brain, and heart of Wistar rats were assessed. Besides, the possible beneficial effect of Peganum harmala oil (PGO), in relieving DEHA induced adverse effects was explored. For this purpose, four groups (8 rats/group) were orally given physiological saline, PGO (320 mg/kg bwt), DEHA (2000 mg/kg bwt), or PGO + DEHA for 60 days. The results revealed that the DEHA concentrations in the tested dairy products were ordered as follows: (butter > cheese > milk). Notably, the detected levels in butter were higher than the specific migration limit in foods. DEHA induced a significant increase in the serum levels of glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, acetylcholine esterase, creatine kinase-myocardium bound, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. But, significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, and hypocholesterolemia were evident following DEHA exposure. A significant reduction in the serum level of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor was recorded. Besides, a significant downregulation in hepatic CYP2E1, brain glial fibrillary acidic protein, and cardiac troponin I gene expression was noticed. Moreover, DEHA exposure induced a significant decrease in Bcl-2 immunolabeling, but Caspase-3 immunoexpression was increased. On the contrary, PGO significantly recused DEHA injurious impacts. Therefore, PGO could represent a promising agent for preventing DEHA-induced hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S H Aly
- Department of Food Engineering and Packaging Research, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vettor R, Di Vincenzo A, Maffei P, Rossato M. Regulation of energy intake and mechanisms of metabolic adaptation or maladaptation after caloric restriction. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:399-409. [PMID: 32451880 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite their critical role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, mechanisms regulating energy balance are extremely complex and far from being fully understood. Both central and peripheral feedback circuits are involved and, despite it was traditionally thought that the energy balance of an organism depends on the equality between calorie intake within the system and energy expenditure, the regulation of energy content in biological systems oversteps the classical physical laws of thermodynamics. The fine-tuned mechanism for body weight and energy storage regulation is aimed to preserve survival chances in response to the variations of energy availability, as expressed by the metabolic flexibility of this system adapting subjects to both starvation and overfeeding. However, these mechanisms can lose their flexibility, with consequent maladaptation to both increased energy intake and calorie restriction leading to the development of several metabolic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Angelo Di Vincenzo
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Maffei
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Rossato
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetic and environmental associations between insulin resistance and weight-related traits and future weight change. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110939. [PMID: 32810757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate the association between initial insulin resistance (IR), weight status, and precedent weight change (PWC) and future weight change and the genetic and environmental contributions affecting these relationships in a prospective cohort of Korean twins and their family members. METHODS The PWC (weight change from 20 y of age), baseline body mass index (BMI), baseline homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) score, and future weight change (follow-up interval 3.28 ± 1.32 y) of 1565 adults were assessed. The mixed linear model was applied after adjusting for intrafamilial relationship, age, education, health behaviors, chronic diseases, dietary intake, eating restraint, and menopausal status of women at baseline. A bivariate genetic analysis was performed after adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS In the model that simultaneously included all predictors and confounding factors, inverse associations were observed between PWC and baseline HOMA-IR score and future weight change in men, and only baseline BMI was inversely associated with future weight change in women. Men and women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, HOMA-IR score ≥2.5, and PWC greater than or the same as the sex-specific median of PWC were more likely to lose weight than those with the combination of the counterparts. Approximately 63.6% of the correlation between the baseline HOMA-IR score and future weight change was attributed to genetic effects, and 68.4% to 91.3% of the correlations between weight-related traits and future weight change were correlated to environmental effects. CONCLUSION An inverse association was observed between the initial IR, weight status, and PWC and future weight change, and genetic or environmental factors contributed to these relationships.
Collapse
|
11
|
Amaro-Gahete FJ, Jurado-Fasoli L, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ. Association of Basal Metabolic Rate and Nutrients Oxidation with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Insulin Sensitivity in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041186. [PMID: 32340248 PMCID: PMC7230721 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and basal fat and carbohydrate oxidation (BFox and BCHox, respectively) with cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin sensitivity in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 71 healthy sedentary adults (37 women) aged 40–65 years participated in the current study. Data were collected during the baseline assessments of the FIT-AGEING randomized controlled trial. BMR was measured via indirect calorimetry, and BFox and BCHox estimated by stoichiometric equations. Blood pressure, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides plasma levels were selected as cardiometabolic risk factors and assessed following standard procedures. We observed positive associations of BMR with plasma insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA; all p < 0.05) which were attenuated or disappeared after controlling by sex, age, and/or lean mass. There were positive associations between BFox and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; p < 0.015), while negative associations were noted between BFox and plasma insulin and HOMA (p < 0.015). There was a significant negative association between BCHox with QUICKI (p < 0.01), whereas significant positive relationships were obtained when BCHox was associated with plasma insulin and HOMA (p < 0.01). These associations persisted in almost all cases when controlling by sex, age and/or lean mass. No further relationships were found when BMR, BFox, and BCHox were associated with other cardiometabolic risk factors. In conclusion, our study findings support that greater BFox and lower BCHox are related to improved insulin sensitivity, whereas BMR seems to be not associated with neither cardiometabolic risk nor insulin sensitivity in sedentary middle-aged adults. Further intervention studies are necessary to well-understand the physiological mechanism implied in this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.J.-F.); (M.J.C.)
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-540
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.J.-F.); (M.J.C.)
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.J.-F.); (M.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zurlo F, Trevisan C, Vitturi N, Ravussin E, Salvò C, Carraro S, Siffi M, Iob I, Saller A, Previato L, Sergi G, de Kreutzenberg S, Maran A, Avogaro A. One-year caloric restriction and 12-week exercise training intervention in obese adults with type 2 diabetes: emphasis on metabolic control and resting metabolic rate. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1497-1507. [PMID: 31359403 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of combined lifestyle interventions (LSI) including dietary and physical activity on metabolic health, energy metabolism and VO2max in diabetic patients has provided mixed results. We evaluated the impact of 1-year caloric restriction (CR), and 12-week supervised structured exercise training (SSET) on metabolic health, RMR and VO2max in obese adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS After 1-month education for LSI, 33 participants had anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic assessments. They then started CR based on RMR, and 3-month SSET during the months 1-3 (Early-SSET) or 4-6 (Late-SSET). Reassessments were planned after 3, 6 and 12 months. Using a per-protocol analysis, we evaluated parameter changes from baseline and their associations for the 23 participants (11 Early-SSET, 12 Late-SSET) who completed the study. RMR was adjusted (adjRMR) for age, sex, fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM). RESULTS Compared with baseline, after 6 months we found significant increases in VO2max (+ 14%) and HDL-cholesterol (+ 13%), and reduction in body mass index (- 3%), FM (- 8%) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, - 7%). Training-related caloric expenditure negatively correlated with changes in body weight (p < 0.001), FM (p < 0.001) and HbA1c (p = 0.006). These results were confirmed at the 12-month follow-up. Pooling together all follow-up data, adjRMR changes correlated with changes in glycemia (r = 0.29, p = 0.02), total-cholesterol (r = 0.29, p = 0.02) and VO2max (r = - 0.26,p = 0.02). No significant differences emerged between the Early- and Late-SSET groups. CONCLUSIONS Combined intervention with SSET and CR improved metabolic control. Changes in metabolic health and fitness correlated with changes of adjRMR, which was reduced improving fitness, glycemia and cholesterolemia. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY Trial registration number: NCT03785379. URL of registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Zurlo
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - C Trevisan
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - N Vitturi
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - E Ravussin
- Division of Clinical Sciences Pennington, Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - C Salvò
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - S Carraro
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - M Siffi
- Forum Wellness Club, Via Savelli 120, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - I Iob
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - A Saller
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - L Previato
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - G Sergi
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - S de Kreutzenberg
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - A Maran
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - A Avogaro
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanazawa K, Uchino H, Shigiyama F, Igarashi H, Ikehara K, Yoshikawa F, Usui S, Miyagi M, Yoshino H, Ando Y, Kumashiro N, Hirose T. Sustained fasting glucose oxidation and postprandial lipid oxidation associated with reduced insulin dose in type 2 diabetes with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor: A randomized, open-label, prospective study. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1022-1031. [PMID: 30582774 PMCID: PMC6626995 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia impairs energy substrate oxidation as a result of glucotoxicity. We examined whether the reduction of plasma glucose using a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in inpatient diabetes management, has any effect on: (i) treatment period and basal-bolus dosage of insulin that achieve euglycemia; (ii) fasting/postprandial energy expenditure (EE); and (iii) energy substrate oxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, open-label, 7-day prospective study. Participants were type 2 diabetes patients with hyperglycemia, aged >20 years, with glycated hemoglobin >10%, daily mean preprandial blood glucose >11 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) and no previous antidiabetic medication. A total of 18 type 2 diabetes patients were randomized (1:1) to basal-bolus insulin titration algorithm (INS) alone or INS + dapagliflozin 5 mg/day (INS/DAPA). The main outcome measures were total daily insulin dose to achieve euglycemia, as well as EE and respiratory quotient during fasting and postprandial states, measured by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS The rate of euglycemia was higher in the INS/DAPA compared with INS group (100 vs 55.6%, P = 0.04), whereas the total daily dose of insulin was 19% lower and was accompanied by a decreased basal-bolus ratio (P = 0.02). Fasting and postprandial EE elevation were similar in both groups. The post-treatment fasting respiratory quotient significantly increased in the INS/DAPA group (0.72 ± 0.05 vs 0.79 ± 0.08, P = 0.04), and the postprandial respiratory quotient elevation was abolished; the opposite trend was observed in the INS group (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS INS/DAPA sustained fasting carbohydrate oxidation, postprandial lipid-derived EE (failed to increase carbohydrate-derived EE) and reduced basal insulin requirement might be related to further bodyweight loss. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY National University Hospital Medical Information Network UMIN000018997.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kanazawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Uchino
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Fumika Shigiyama
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Igarashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kayoko Ikehara
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Fukumi Yoshikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shuki Usui
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masahiko Miyagi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshino
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuyo Ando
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Kumashiro
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takahisa Hirose
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineToho University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bistrian BR. Some Musings About Differential Energy Metabolism With Ketogenic Diets. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:578-582. [PMID: 31168839 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic states are of 3 major types: total starvation and those resulting from the consumption of semistarvation, ketogenic diets, and eucaloric ketogenic diets. All are characterized by little or no dietary carbohydrate, resulting in a fat-based metabolism with sustained ketonemia of varying degrees in each state. The latter 2 diets are clinically useful with important impacts on both aspects of the energy balance equation with increased satiety and less hunger on the intake side and probably increased energy expenditure on the output side; both may have important implications for the successful long-term management of obesity. Consideration of older research regarding the hormonal response to carbohydrate-free dieting and recent findings on hepatic glycogen status that occurs with sustained ketonemia support the likelihood that there are profound differences in 24-hour gluconeogenesis rates between ketogenic diets and balanced diets containing substantial carbohydrate. This metabolic distinction could have a meaningful impact to increase the thermic effect of feeding and daily energy expenditure amounting to 100 kcal/d or more with each of the ketogenic diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Bistrian
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bettini S, Favaretto F, Compagnin C, Belligoli A, Sanna M, Fabris R, Serra R, Dal Prà C, Prevedello L, Foletto M, Vettor R, Milan G, Busetto L. Resting Energy Expenditure, Insulin Resistance and UCP1 Expression in Human Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue of Patients With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:548. [PMID: 31440209 PMCID: PMC6692889 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Determinants of resting energy expenditure (REE) in humans are still under investigation, especially the association with insulin resistance. Brown adipose tissue (AT) regulates energy expenditure through the activity of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). White AT browning is the process by which some adipocytes within AT depots acquire properties of brown adipocytes ("brite" adipocytes) and it correlates with metabolic improvement. We analyzed determinants of REE in patients with obesity and assessed UCP1 expression as a "brite" marker in abdominal subcutaneous AT (SAT) and visceral omental AT (VAT). Clinical data, REE, free fat mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) were determined in 209 patients with obesity. UCP1, PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A), transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), T-box transcription factor 1 (TBX1), and solute carrier family 27 member 1 (SLC27A1) expression was assayed in SAT and VAT samples, obtained during sleeve gastrectomy from 62 patients with obesity. REE and body composition data were also available for a subgroup of 35 of whom. In 209 patients with obesity a multiple regression model was computed with REE as the dependent variable and sex, waist, FFM, FM, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA), interleukin-6 and High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol as the independent variables. Only FFM, FM and HOMA were independently correlated with REE (r = 0.787, AdjRsqr = 0.602). In each patient VAT displayed a higher UCP1, PPARGC1A, TFAM, TBX1, and SLC27A1 expression than SAT and UCP1 expression in VAT (UCP1-VAT) correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI) (r = 0.287, p < 0.05). Introducing UCP1-VAT in the multivariate model, we showed that FFM, HOMA, interleukin-6, High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol, and UCP1-VAT were independent factors correlated with REE (r = 0.736, AdjRsqr = 0.612). We confirmed that REE correlates with FFM, FM and HOMA in a large cohort of patients. Our results clearly showed that UCP1-VAT expression was significantly increased in severe human obesity (BMI > 50 kg/m2) and that it behaved as an independent predictor of REE. Lastly, we suggest that an increased REE and browning in metabolically complicated severe obesity could represent an effort to counteract further weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bettini
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia Bettini
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Compagnin
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Belligoli
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Sanna
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabris
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Serra
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Dal Prà
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Prevedello
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mirto Foletto
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sampath Kumar A, Arun Maiya G, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Maiya S, Umakanth S. Correlation between basal metabolic rate, visceral fat and insulin resistance among type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:344-348. [PMID: 30641723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) means the amount of energy utilized by body in physical and psychological resting rate, after a night sleep, awake without any previous physical activity post meal (10 h after last meal) & neutral environment. In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) there is an increase in BMR which is said to be associated with the level of glycaemic control. So, the objective of the study was to find out the correlation between BMR, Insulin resistance and Visceral fat in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 50 participants with T2DM with peripheral neuropathy were included. Age group of 30-75 years were selected for the study. Participants with a known history of neurological disease, locomotor disability, and pregnancy were excluded from the study. Demographic details of the participants like duration of diabetes mellitus, age, Fasting Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR, Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c), Neuropathy and Blood pressure values were noted. We measured Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) by using Mifflin-St Jeor predictive equation in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy. RESULTS The mean age of the participants is 60.16 ± 10.62. The mean duration of T2DM 13.44 ± 11.92. In the present study we found a statistical significant correlation between BMR and HOMA IR (r = 0.913*; p = 0.000), BMR & Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r = 0.281*; p = 0.048), BMR and Visceral fat (VF) (r = 0.332*; p = 0.018). CONCLUSION Basal metabolic rate is correlated to Homa-IR, visceral fat, fasting blood sugar and musculoskeletal mass among T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sampath Kumar
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - B A Shastry
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Shubha Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Shashikiran Umakanth
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. T.M.A Pai Hospital, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Almusaylim K, Minett M, Binkley TL, Beare TM, Specker B. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association between Glycemic Status and Body Composition in Men: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1878. [PMID: 30513871 PMCID: PMC6315928 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the associations between changes in glycemic status and changes in total body (TB), trunk, and appendicular fat (FM) and lean mass (LM) in men. A population-based study of men aged 20⁻66 years at baseline were included in cross-sectional (n = 430) and three-year longitudinal (n = 411) analyses. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose 100⁻125 mg/dL. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was determined by: self-reported diabetes, current anti-diabetic drug use (insulin/oral hypoglycemic agents), fasting glucose (≥126 mg/dL), or non-fasting glucose (≥200 mg/dL). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Longitudinal analyses showed that changes in TB FM and LM, and appendicular LM differed among glycemic groups. Normoglycemic men who converted to prediabetes lost more TB and appendicular LM than men who remained normoglycemic (all, p < 0.05). Normoglycemic or prediabetic men who developed T2D had a greater loss of TB and appendicular LM than men who remained normoglycemic (both, p < 0.05). T2D men had greater gains in TB FM and greater losses in TB and appendicular LM than men who remained normoglycemic (all, p < 0.05). Dysglycemia is associated with adverse changes in TB and appendicular LM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaleal Almusaylim
- EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, SWC, Box 506, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Maggie Minett
- EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, SWC, Box 506, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Teresa L Binkley
- EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, SWC, Box 506, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Tianna M Beare
- EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, SWC, Box 506, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Bonny Specker
- EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, SWC, Box 506, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nutritional Considerations in Pediatric Pancreatitis: A Position Paper from the NASPGHAN Pancreas Committee and ESPGHAN Cystic Fibrosis/Pancreas Working Group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 67:131-143. [PMID: 29927872 PMCID: PMC6020697 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wide variations exist in how physicians manage the nutritional aspects of children affected by acute pancreatitis (AP), acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), and chronic (CP) pancreatitis. Better consensus for optimal management is needed. METHODS This consensus statement on nutrition in pediatric pancreatic diseases was developed through a joint ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN working group that performed an evidence-based search of the literature on nutrition in AP, ARP, and CP with a focus on pediatrics. The literature was summarized, quality of evidence reviewed, and expert recommendations developed. The authorship met to discuss the evidence and statements. Voting on recommendations occurred over 2 rounds based on feedback. A consensus of at least 75% was required to approve a recommendation. Areas requiring further research were identified. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The literature on nutrition in pediatric pancreatitis is limited. Children with mild AP benefit from starting an early nutritional regimen in the course of the attack. Early nutrition should be attempted in severe AP when possible; enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition. Children with ARP are likely to tolerate and benefit from a regular diet. Children with CP need ongoing assessment for growth and nutritional deficiencies, exocrine and endocrine insufficiencies. CONCLUSIONS This document presents the first authoritative recommendations on nutritional considerations in pediatric pancreatitis. Future research should address the gaps in knowledge particularly relating to optimal nutrition for AP in children, role of diet or dietary supplements on recurrent attacks of pancreatitis and pain episodes, monitoring practices to detect early growth and nutritional deficiencies in CP and identifying risk factors that predispose children to these deficiencies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Drabsch T, Holzapfel C, Stecher L, Petzold J, Skurk T, Hauner H. Associations Between C-Reactive Protein, Insulin Sensitivity, and Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Mediator Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:556. [PMID: 30294302 PMCID: PMC6158372 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Long-term positive energy balance promotes the development of obesity, a main risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While an association between increased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and insulin sensitivity (IS) was shown previously, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Aim of the mediator analysis was to investigate the role of inflammation within the association between RMR and IS. Methods: Anthropometric, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected according to standard operating procedures. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as an IS parameter and C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured to represent the inflammatory status. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: The analysis included 782 adults (517 females) with a mean age of 32.4 ± 12.0 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2. Regression analysis indicated a significant evidence for associations between RMR and HOMA-IR (ß = 39.3 ± 7.3 kcal/d; p ≤ 0.001) and CRP and HOMA-IR (ß = 0.5 ± 0.1; p ≤ 0.001) after adjustment for fat-free mass, sex, age, and study site. Results of the mediator analysis did not support the hypothesis that CRP is a mediator for the association between RMR and HOMA-IR. These results did not change after participant stratification according to sex or BMI. Conclusion: A significant evidence for an association between RMR and IS was shown in a large cohort. However, the inflammatory status, determined via CRP levels, was not a mediator within this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Holzapfel
| | - Lynne Stecher
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Petzold
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hopkins JL, Hopkins PN, Brinton EA, Adams TD, Davidson LE, Nanjee MN, Hunt SC. Expression of Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Severe Obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:283-290. [PMID: 28657427 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) generally rises with increasing adiposity, but tends to plateau at the highest levels of body mass index (BMI) with some individuals, even with severe obesity, expressing few or no components of MetS. We examined factors associated with the expression of MetS in severely obese women participating in a large observational study. METHODS Anthropometrics, including Heath equation-adjusted bioimpedance-determined fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), lipids and related laboratory measurements, resting energy expenditure (REE), and respiratory quotient (RQ), were studied in 949 women with severe obesity. RESULTS Even though the mean BMI was 45.7 kg/m2 and all participants met MetS criteria for increased waist circumference, 30% of subjects did not have MetS. Unadjusted FM (P = 0.0011), FFM (P < 0.0001), and REE (P < 0.0001) were greater in the women with MetS. Surprisingly, in multivariate logistic regression FFM was positively associated with MetS (P = 0.0002), while FM was not (P = 0.89). Moreover, FFM, not FM, was significantly associated with all five components of MetS except for triglyceride levels. REE and RQ were higher in those with MetS, and REE was strongly associated with multiple components of MetS. CONCLUSIONS In women with severe obesity, higher FFM and REE were paradoxically associated with increased rather than decreased risk of MetS, while FFM-adjusted FM was unrelated to MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Hopkins
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eliot A Brinton
- 2 The Utah Lipid Center and Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ted D Adams
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,3 Intermountain Live Well Center , Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lance E Davidson
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,4 Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - M Nazeem Nanjee
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven C Hunt
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,5 Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Caron N, Peyrot N, Caderby T, Verkindt C, Dalleau G. Energy Expenditure in People with Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Front Nutr 2016; 3:56. [PMID: 28066773 PMCID: PMC5177618 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an important non-therapeutic tool in primary prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). To improve activity-based health management, patients need to quantify activity-related energy expenditure and the other components of total daily energy expenditure. This review explores differences between the components of total energy expenditure in patients with DM and healthy people and presents various tools for assessing the energy expenditure in subjects with DM. From this review, it appears that patients with uncontrolled DM have a higher basal energy expenditure (BEE) than healthy people which must be considered in the establishment of new BEE estimate equations. Moreover, studies showed a lower activity energy expenditure in patients with DM than in healthy ones. This difference may be partially explained by patient with DMs poor compliance with exercise recommendations and their greater participation in lower intensity activities. These specificities of PA need to be taken into account in the development of adapted tools to assess activity energy expenditure and daily energy expenditure in people with DM. Few estimation tools are tested in subjects with DM and this results in a lack of accuracy especially for their particular patterns of activity. Thus, future studies should examine sensors coupling different technologies or method that is specifically designed to accurately assess energy expenditure in patients with diabetes in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Caron
- Laboratoire IRISSE, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon , La Réunion , France
| | - Nicolas Peyrot
- Laboratoire IRISSE, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon , La Réunion , France
| | - Teddy Caderby
- Laboratoire IRISSE, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon , La Réunion , France
| | - Chantal Verkindt
- Laboratoire IRISSE, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon , La Réunion , France
| | - Georges Dalleau
- Laboratoire IRISSE, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon , La Réunion , France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bosy-Westphal A, Hägele F, Nas A. Impact of dietary glycemic challenge on fuel partitioning. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:327-330. [PMID: 27901033 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The 'carbohydrate-insulin theory of obesity' is used to justify popular health claims stating that carbohydrates make you fat or a high glycemic load and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and breakfast skipping increase fat gain. According to this theory, the elevated postprandial insulin secretion to a high glycemic challenge is blamed as a causal mechanism by directing nutrients away from oxidation in muscle towards storage in adipose tissue. Scientific evidence is however largely disagreeing with an adverse effect of postprandial hyperinsulinemia on fuel partitioning. Possible reasons for this disagreement are differences in insulin sensitivity and energy balance. Diet-induced hyperinsulinemia may lead to a higher fat storage only at a positive energy balance. A shift in fuel partitioning towards fat storage requires improved or maintained insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue when compared with skeletal muscle. This may be the case during refeeding (after weight loss), physical inactivity or in metabolically healthy obese subjects (relative to insulin-resistant subjects). The adverse effect of a high-glycemic diet, SSBs consumption or breakfast skipping on body weight is likely due to increased energy consumption rather than to increased fat storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Angewandte Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Hägele
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Angewandte Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Nas
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Angewandte Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schlögl M, Piaggi P, Pannacciuli N, Bonfiglio SM, Krakoff J, Thearle MS. Energy Expenditure Responses to Fasting and Overfeeding Identify Phenotypes Associated With Weight Change. Diabetes 2015; 64:3680-9. [PMID: 26185280 PMCID: PMC4613969 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Because it is unknown whether 24-h energy expenditure (EE) responses to dietary extremes will identify phenotypes associated with weight regulation, the aim of this study was to determine whether such responses to fasting or overfeeding are associated with future weight change. The 24-h EE during energy balance, fasting, and four different overfeeding diets with 200% energy requirements was measured in a metabolic chamber in 37 subjects with normal glucose regulation while they resided on our clinical research unit. Diets were given for 24 h each and included the following: (1) low protein (3%), (2) standard (50% carbohydrate, 20% protein), (3) high fat (60%), and (4) high carbohydrate (75%). Participants returned for follow-up 6 months after the initial measures. The decrease in 24-h EE during fasting and the increase with overfeeding were correlated. A larger reduction in EE during fasting, a smaller EE response to low-protein overfeeding, and a larger response to high-carbohydrate overfeeding all correlated with weight gain. The association of the fasting EE response with weight change was not independent from that of low protein in a multivariate model. We identified the following two independent propensities associated with weight gain: a predilection for conserving energy during caloric and protein deprivation and a profligate response to large amounts of carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schlögl
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ Obesity Research Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Susan M Bonfiglio
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Marie S Thearle
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Calton EK, Pathak K, Soares MJ, Alfonso H, Keane KN, Newsholme P, Cummings NK, Chan She Ping-Delfos W, Hamidi A. Vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity are novel predictors of resting metabolic rate: a cross-sectional analysis in Australian adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2075-80. [PMID: 26306671 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for two-thirds of the total energy expenditure in sedentary individuals. After accounting for traditional factors, there still remains a considerable unexplained variance in RMR. There is a pandemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) which coexists with a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of vitamin D status, insulin sensitivity (IS) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) on RMR in Australian adults. METHODS RMR, respiratory quotient (RQ), McAuley's insulin sensitivity index, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and vitamin D status were assessed in Australian adults. The presence of MetS was evaluated by current standard criteria. Predictors of RMR were examined through multiple linear regression based on stepwise and backward regression approaches with attention to multi-collinearity. All analyses were conducted on SPSS version 21. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven participants (45 men, 82 women), aged 53.4 ± 11.7 years and BMI 31.9 ± 5.2 kg/m(2), were included. Forty-one subjects were insufficient in vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L), and 75 participants had the MetS. A parsimonious regression model explained 85.8 % of RMR and was given by: RMR (kJ/d) = 1931 + 83.5 × FFM (kg) + 29.5 × FM (kg) + 5.65 × 25(OH)D (nmol/L) - 17.6 × age (years) - 57.51 × IS. CONCLUSION Vitamin D status and IS are novel independent predictors of RMR in adults. Future studies could validate a causal role for these factors in human energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Calton
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - K Pathak
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - M J Soares
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - H Alfonso
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - K N Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - P Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - N K Cummings
- Optimal Nutrition and Exercise, St John of God Medical Clinic and Wexford Medical Centre, 100 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - W Chan She Ping-Delfos
- General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mount Street, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia
| | - A Hamidi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Piaggi P, Thearle MS, Krakoff J, Votruba SB. Higher Daily Energy Expenditure and Respiratory Quotient, Rather Than Fat-Free Mass, Independently Determine Greater ad Libitum Overeating. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3011-20. [PMID: 26086330 PMCID: PMC4524995 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Body fat-free mass (FFM), energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) are known predictors of daily food intake. Because FFM largely determines EE, it is unclear whether body composition per se or the underlying metabolism drives dietary intake. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test whether 24-hour measures of EE and RQ and their components influence ad libitum food intake independently of FFM. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred seven healthy individuals (62 males/45 females, 84 Native Americans/23 whites; age 33 ± 8 y; body mass index 33 ± 8 kg/m(2); body fat 31% ± 8%) had 24-hour measures of EE in a whole-room indirect calorimeter during energy balance, followed by 3 days of ad libitum food intake using computerized vending machine systems. Body composition was estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES FFM, 24-hour EE, RQ, spontaneous physical activity, sleeping EE (sleeping metabolic rate), awake and fed thermogenesis, and ad libitum food intake (INTAKE) were measured. RESULTS Higher 24-hour RQ (P < .001, partial R(2) = 16%) and EE (P = .01, partial R(2) = 7%), but not FFM (P = .65), were independent predictors of INTAKE. Mediation analysis demonstrated that 24-hour EE is responsible for 80% of the FFM effect on INTAKE (44.5 ± 16.9 kcal ingested per kilogram of FFM, P= .01), whereas the unique effect due to solely FFM was negligible (10.6 ± 23.2, P = .65). Spontaneous physical activity (r = 0.33, P = .001), but not sleeping metabolic rate (P = .71), positively predicted INTAKE, whereas higher awake and fed thermogenesis determined greater INTAKE only in subjects with a body mass index of 29 kg/m(2) or less (r = 0.44, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS EE and RQ, rather than FFM, independently determine INTAKE, suggesting that competitive energy-sensing mechanisms driven by the preferential macronutrient oxidation and total energy demands may regulate food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section (P.P., M.S.T., J.K., S.B.V.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85016; and Obesity Research Center (P.P.), Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56124
| | - Marie S Thearle
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section (P.P., M.S.T., J.K., S.B.V.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85016; and Obesity Research Center (P.P.), Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56124
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section (P.P., M.S.T., J.K., S.B.V.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85016; and Obesity Research Center (P.P.), Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56124
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section (P.P., M.S.T., J.K., S.B.V.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85016; and Obesity Research Center (P.P.), Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56124
| |
Collapse
|