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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Liao XH, Jetten AM. GLIS3 expression in the thyroid gland in relation to TSH signaling and regulation of gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:65. [PMID: 38281222 PMCID: PMC10822819 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Loss of GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function in mice and humans causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 protein is first detectable at E15.5 of murine thyroid development, a time at which GLIS3 target genes, such as Slc5a5 (Nis), become expressed. This, together with observations showing that ubiquitous Glis3KO mice do not display major changes in prenatal thyroid gland morphology, indicated that CH in Glis3KO mice is due to dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. Analysis of GLIS3 in postnatal thyroid suggested a link between GLIS3 protein expression and blood TSH levels. This was supported by data showing that treatment with TSH, cAMP, or adenylyl cyclase activators or expression of constitutively active PKA enhanced GLIS3 protein stability and transcriptional activity, indicating that GLIS3 activity is regulated at least in part by TSH/TSHR-mediated activation of PKA. The TSH-dependent increase in GLIS3 transcriptional activity would be critical for the induction of GLIS3 target gene expression, including several thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthetic genes, in thyroid follicular cells of mice fed a low iodine diet (LID) when blood TSH levels are highly elevated. Like TH biosynthetic genes, the expression of cell cycle genes is suppressed in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice fed a LID; however, in thyroid-specific Glis3 knockout mice, the expression of cell cycle genes was not repressed, in contrast to TH biosynthetic genes. This indicated that the inhibition of cell cycle genes in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice is dependent on changes in gene expression in GLIS3 target tissues other than the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Sarıkaya E, Kendirci M, Demir M, Dündar M. Neonatal Diabetes, Congenital Hypothyroidism, and Congenital Glaucoma Coexistence: A Case of GLIS3 Mutation. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 15:426-430. [PMID: 35410112 PMCID: PMC10683540 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2021-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) syndrome is a rare condition caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the GLIS3 gene. Small for gestational age, congenital glaucoma, polycystic kidney disease, cholestatic hepatic fibrosis, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, sensorineural deafness, osteopenia, and skeletal anomalies are other accompanying phenotypic features in the 22 cases described so far. We present a male patient with neonatal diabetes, CH, congenital glaucoma, developmental delay, and facial dysmorphism. During the patient’s 17-year follow-up, no signs of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, liver and kidney diseases, deafness, osteopenia, and bone fracture were observed. A homozygous exon 10-11 deletion was detected in the GLIS3 gene. We report one of the oldest surviving GLIS3 mutation case with main findings of neonatal diabetes and CH syndrome to contribute to the characterization of the genotypic and phenotypic spectra of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sarıkaya
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kendirci
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mikail Demir
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Munis Dündar
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey
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Chung J, Sahelijo N, Maruyama T, Hu J, Panitch R, Xia W, Mez J, Stein TD, Saykin AJ, Takeyama H, Farrer LA, Crane PK, Nho K, Jun GR. Alzheimer's disease heterogeneity explained by polygenic risk scores derived from brain transcriptomic profiles. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5173-5184. [PMID: 37166019 PMCID: PMC10638468 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is heterogeneous, both clinically and neuropathologically. We investigated whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) integrated with transcriptome profiles from AD brains can explain AD clinical heterogeneity. METHODS We conducted co-expression network analysis and identified gene sets (modules) that were preserved in three AD transcriptome datasets and associated with AD-related neuropathological traits including neuritic plaques (NPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). We computed the module-based PRSs (mbPRSs) for each module and tested associations with mbPRSs for cognitive test scores, cognitively defined AD subgroups, and brain imaging data. RESULTS Of the modules significantly associated with NPs and/or NFTs, the mbPRSs from two modules (M6 and M9) showed distinct associations with language and visuospatial functioning, respectively. They matched clinical subtypes and brain atrophy at specific regions. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that polygenic profiling based on co-expressed gene sets can explain heterogeneity in AD patients, enabling genetically informed patient stratification and precision medicine in AD. HIGHLIGHTS Co-expression gene-network analysis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains identified gene sets (modules) associated with AD heterogeneity. AD-associated modules were selected when genes in each module were enriched for neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Polygenic risk scores from two selected modules were linked to the matching cognitively defined AD subgroups (language and visuospatial subgroups). Polygenic risk scores from the two modules were associated with cognitive performance in language and visuospatial domains and the associations were confirmed in regional-specific brain atrophy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nathan Sahelijo
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Junming Hu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rebecca Panitch
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare Center, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, Japan, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gyungah R. Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Liao XH, Jetten AM. Role of GLIS3 in thyroid development and in the regulation of gene expression in thyroid specific Glis3KO mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3044388. [PMID: 37461635 PMCID: PMC10350233 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3044388/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Loss of GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function in mice and humans causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 protein is first detectable at E15.5 of murine thyroid development, a time when GLIS3 target genes, such as Slc5a5 (Nis), become also expressed. We further show that Glis3KO mice do not display any major changes in prenatal thyroid gland morphology indicating that CH in Glis3KO mice is due to dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. Analysis of thyroid-specific Glis3 knockout (Glis3-Pax8Cre) mice fed either a normal or low-iodine diet (ND or LID) revealed that, in contrast to ubiquitous Glis3KO mice, thyroid follicular cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle genes were not repressed suggesting that the inhibition of thyroid follicular cell proliferation in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice is related to loss of GLIS3 function in other cell types. However, the expression of several thyroid hormone biosynthesis-, extracellular matrix (ECM)-, and inflammation-related genes was still suppressed in Glis3-Pax8Cre mice particularly under conditions of high blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). We further demonstrate that treatment with TSH, protein kinase A (PKA) or adenylyl cyclase activators or expression of constitutively active PKA enhances GLIS3 protein and activity, suggesting that GLIS3 transcriptional activity is regulated in part by TSH/TSHR-mediated activation of the PKA pathway. This mechanism of regulation provides an explanation for the dramatic increase in GLIS3 protein expression and the subsequent induction of GLIS3 target genes, including several thyroid hormone biosynthetic genes, in thyroid follicular cells of mice fed a LID.
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Couper MR, Brown RM, Gupte G, Perera MTPR, Kelgeri C. Liver Disease in GLIS3 Mutations: Transplant Considerations and Bile Duct Paucity on Explant Histology. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:110-114. [PMID: 36917836 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) gene mutation heterozygosity is characterized by neonatal diabetes and hypothyroidism. It has wide phenotypic variability. Liver disease is prevalent, and its complications in some phenotypes are life-limiting. Transplantation and the pathogenesis of GLIS3 liver disease are not well explored in the literature. We report 2 cases of children with GLIS3 mutations with chronic liver disease who required liver transplantation and we present a literature review discussing the pathogenic mechanisms and liver histology. Histology demonstrated predominantly biliary cirrhosis consistent with abnormal bile duct development. Both patients were considered for multi-organ transplantation (liver, pancreas with or without kidney) before receiving a liver transplant alone. Postoperative management can be challenging due to infection, renal disease, and brittle diabetes. GLIS3 mutations need to be added to the list of non-syndromic causes of bile duct paucity in the liver. Liver transplantation should be considered in patients with life-limiting complications related to liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Couper
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M Brown
- the Anatomical Pathology, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Girish Gupte
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Thamara P R Perera
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chayarani Kelgeri
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Jothi R, Santisteban P, Jetten AM. GLIS3 regulates transcription of thyroid hormone biosynthetic genes in coordination with other thyroid transcription factors. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 36793061 PMCID: PMC9930322 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of the transcription factor GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in both humans and mice due to decreased expression of several thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthetic genes in thyroid follicular cells. Whether and to what extent, GLIS3 regulates thyroid gene transcription in coordination with other thyroid transcriptional factors (TFs), such as PAX8, NKX2.1 and FOXE1, is poorly understood. METHODS PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1 ChIP-Seq analysis with mouse thyroid glands and rat thyrocyte PCCl3 cells was performed and compared to that of GLIS3 to analyze the co-regulation of gene transcription in thyroid follicular cells by these TFs. RESULTS Analysis of the PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1 cistromes identified extensive overlaps between these TF binding loci and those of GLIS3 indicating that GLIS3 shares many of the same regulatory regions with PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1, particularly in genes associated with TH biosynthesis, induced by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and suppressed in Glis3KO thyroid glands, including Slc5a5 (Nis), Slc26a4, Cdh16, and Adm2. ChIP-QPCR analysis showed that loss of GLIS3 did not significantly affect PAX8 or NKX2.1 binding and did not cause major alterations in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 epigenetic signals. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that GLIS3 regulates transcription of TH biosynthetic and TSH-inducible genes in thyroid follicular cells in coordination with PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1 by binding within the same regulatory hub. GLIS3 does not cause major changes in chromatin structure at these common regulatory regions. GLIS3 may induce transcriptional activation by enhancing the interaction of these regulatory regions with other enhancers and/or RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Soon Kang
- grid.280664.e0000 0001 2110 5790Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709 USA
| | - Sara A. Grimm
- grid.280664.e0000 0001 2110 5790Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709 USA
| | - Raja Jothi
- grid.280664.e0000 0001 2110 5790Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709 USA
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- grid.5515.40000000119578126Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anton M. Jetten
- grid.280664.e0000 0001 2110 5790Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709 USA
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Hashemipour M, Mostofizadeh N, Ghasemi M, Behnam M, Rostampour N, Dehkordi EH, Hovsepian S. Molecular genetic analysis of the insulin gene variants in Iranian patients with permanent neonatal diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Boddu PK, Velumula PK, Sharif S, Monika B. A Neonate With Diabetes Mellitus, Congenital Hypothyroidism, and Congenital Glaucoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e29488. [PMID: 36312692 PMCID: PMC9595247 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare condition with more than 20 monogenic genes associated with it. GLIS3 gene-encoded GLI similar protein 3, as a transcription factor, is involved in the development of the pancreas, liver, kidneys, eye, and thyroid. We report a preterm female neonate with coarse facial features and hyperglycemia, later diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus, congenital hypothyroidism (CH), congenital glaucoma (CG), and renal cysts, secondary to GLIS3 gene mutation. It is a rare genetic disorder involving multiple organ systems with progressive development of symptoms requiring long-term surveillance and management.
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Perdas E, Gadzalska K, Hrytsiuk I, Borowiec M, Fendler W, Młynarski W. Case report: Neonatal diabetes mellitus with congenital hypothyroidism as a result of biallelic heterozygous mutations in GLIS3 gene. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:668-674. [PMID: 35394098 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus with congenital hypothyroidism (NDH) syndrome (MIM# 610199) is a rare disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GLIS3 gene. GLIS3 is an important transcription factor that might acts as both a repressor and activator of transcription. To date, 22 cases of NDH syndrome from 16 families and 11 countries have been described. Herein, we report a child who developed diabetes during the first week of age. Additionally, she suffered from congenital hypothyroidism, cardiac abnormalities, and polycystic kidney disease. Genetic analysis revealed that patient is a carrier of two novel heterozygous mutations, p.Pro444fsdelG (c.1330delC) and p.His647Arg (c.1940A > G) in the GLIS3 gene. Each was inherited from clinically healthy father and mother, respectively. Bioinformatic tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, PROVEAN and SWISS-MODEL) declared that the p.His647Arg (c.1940A > G) variant has strong detrimental effect and disturbs Kruppel-like zinc finger domain. All but one so far described cases of NDH syndrome have been caused by homozygous of GLIS3, making the described case the second case of pathogenic, compound heterozygosity of GLIS3 worldwide posing substantial clinical novelty and detailing an interesting interplay between the observed variants and GLIS3 expression, which seems to be autoregulated. Hence, the damaging missense mutation may further reduce the expression of any remaining functional alleles. This case report expands our understanding of the clinical phenotype, treatment approaches, and outcome of infants with GLIS3 mutations and indicates the need for further research to deepen our understanding of the role of GLIS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Gadzalska
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ihor Hrytsiuk
- Western Ukrainian Specialised Children's Medical Centre, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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GLIS1-3: Links to Primary Cilium, Reprogramming, Stem Cell Renewal, and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111833. [PMID: 35681527 PMCID: PMC9180737 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The GLI-Similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3) genes, in addition to encoding GLIS1-3 Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors, also generate circular GLIS (circGLIS) RNAs. GLIS1-3 regulate gene transcription by binding to GLIS binding sites in target genes, whereas circGLIS RNAs largely act as miRNA sponges. GLIS1-3 play a critical role in the regulation of many biological processes and have been implicated in various pathologies. GLIS protein activities appear to be regulated by primary cilium-dependent and -independent signaling pathways that via post-translational modifications may cause changes in the subcellular localization, proteolytic processing, and protein interactions. These modifications can affect the transcriptional activity of GLIS proteins and, consequently, the biological functions they regulate as well as their roles in disease. Recent studies have implicated GLIS1-3 proteins and circGLIS RNAs in the regulation of stemness, self-renewal, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell reprogramming, lineage determination, and differentiation. These biological processes are interconnected and play a critical role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and cell plasticity. Dysregulation of these processes are part of many pathologies. This review provides an update on our current knowledge of the roles GLIS proteins and circGLIS RNAs in the control of these biological processes in relation to their regulation of normal physiological functions and disease.
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Farid MMM, Abdel-Mageed AI, El-sherbini A, Mohamed NR, Mohsen M. Study of the association between GLIS3 rs10758593 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
GLIS3 (Gli-similar 3), a transcription factor, is involved in the maturation of pancreatic beta cells in fetal life, maintenance of cell mass as well as the control of insulin gene expression in adults. As a result, GLIS3 was reported as a susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and neonatal diabetes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to look into the association between the rs10758593 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the GLIS3 gene and T2DM in the Egyptian population.
Methods
Frequencies of the rs10758593 (A/G) SNPs were determined in 100 T2DM patients (cases) and in 100 non-diabetic healthy subjects (controls) using real-time PCR.
Results
The prevalence of the mutant genotypes, AA and AG, differed significantly between patients and controls. The AA genotype was more prevalent in the patients' group. The (AA) was found in 39% of the patients and 18% of the controls. While AG (heterozygous) genotype was found in 61% of the patients and 81% of the controls (p = 0.003). The AA genotype was significantly associated with T2DM. Moreover, The GLIS3 rs 10758593 mutation was found to be associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. In diabetic patients, a significant correlation between HbA1c with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR was found.
Conclusion
The rs10758593 polymorphism of the GLIS3 gene was found to be significantly associated with T2DM in an Egyptian population sample. Additionally, significant association between GLIS3 rs 10758593 mutation and the glycemic control was found.
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Tang S, Li D, Ding H, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Yu D, Zhang R, Chen W, Chen R, Zheng Y, Piao J. GLIS3 mediated by the Rap1/PI3K/AKT signal pathway facilitates real-ambient PM 2.5 exposure disturbed thyroid hormone homeostasis regulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113248. [PMID: 35093813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) could damage multiple organs and systems. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that PM2.5 can disrupt dynamic balance of thyroid hormone (TH). However, the underlying mechanism by which PM2.5 interferes with TH remains unclear. This study evaluated the role of Gli-similar3 (GLIS3) in the effect of PM2.5 on TH synthesis in mice using a real-ambient exposure system, in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. The PM2.5exposure group (PM) and filtered air group (FA) were placed in the exposure device for four and eight weeks. The results showed that the PM2.5 exposure altered the structure of the thyroid gland. Moreover, after PM2.5 exposure for eight weeks, the exposure level of free thyroxine (FT4) increased and the expression level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) decreased in serum of mice. In addition, PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the expression of proteins related to thyroid hormone synthesis, such as sodium iodide transporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG). Next, we found that GLIS3 and thyroid transcription factor Paired box 8 (PAX8) also increased after PM2.5 exposure. In order to further explore the potential molecular mechanism, we carried out transcriptome sequencing. KEGG analysis of the top 10 pathways revealed that the Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1) signaling pathway could activate transcription factors and is related to thyroid cell survival. Additionally, PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the protein levels of Rap1 and its active form (Rap1 +GTP). We speculate that the active state of Rap1 is believed to be involved in activating the expression of transcription factor GLIS3. In conclusion, PM2.5 exposure induces histological changes in the thyroid gland and thyroid dysfunction in mice. The exposure activates GLIS3 through the Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway to promote the expression of proteins related to thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to increased dysregulating TH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Ding
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China; The Second People's Hospital of Qidong, Nantong 226200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinmei Piao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China.
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13
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Mouler M, Lebenthal Y, de Vries L, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Averbuch NS, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Cavé H, Beltrand J, Polak M, Phillip M, Nimri R. Clinical characteristics, growth patterns, and long-term diabetes complications of 24 patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus: A single center experience. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:45-54. [PMID: 34837310 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of monogenic diabetes, diagnosed before age 6 months. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, molecular genetics, and long-term follow-up of NDM patients from a single pediatric endocrine center in Israel. METHODS Retrospective study (1975-2020) of all patients diagnosed with diabetes before 6 months of age, who tested negative for pancreatic autoantibodies. Medical records were reviewed for demographic, familial and medical history, and clinical and biochemical features; a genetic analysis was performed. RESULTS Of 24 patients, nine had transient neonatal diabetes (TNDM) and 15 permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM), of whom five had rare syndromic causes. Genetic etiology was revealed in 87.5% of the NDM cohort, and the most common causes were ABCC8 mutations in TNDM and KCNJ11 and insulin gene mutations in PNDM. The switch from insulin to off-label sulfonylurea therapy was successful for 5/9 (56%) of the qualifying candidates. Severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis developed in 2 (8%) patients, and chronic diabetes complications in 5 (21%) patients with more than 10 years NDM. At last follow-up, weight and height of all but two syndromic PNDM patients were normal. The median height-SDS of the TNDM subgroup was significantly taller and the mean weight-SDS significantly heavier than those of the PNDM subgroup (-0.52 (-0.67, -0.09) vs. -0.9 (-1.42, -0.3) (p = 0.035) and 0.22 ± 0.69 vs. -0.89 ± 1.21 (p = 0.02), respectively). PNDM patients showed no incremental change in mean weight SDS over the time. CONCLUSION The Israeli NDM cohort has clinical and genetic characteristics comparable with other populations. Patients with TNDM were taller and heavier than those diagnosed with PNDM, although both show rapid catch-up growth and reached normal growth parameters. Chronic diabetes complications developed in patients with long-standing NDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mouler
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat de Vries
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Shefer Averbuch
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Anne Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Helene Cavé
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Beltrand
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, IMAGINE Institute, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, IMAGINE Institute, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Nimri
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
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14
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Scoville DW, Jetten AM. GLIS3: A Critical Transcription Factor in Islet β-Cell Generation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123471. [PMID: 34943978 PMCID: PMC8700524 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of pancreatic islet biology has greatly increased over the past few decades based in part on an increased understanding of the transcription factors that guide this process. One such transcription factor that has been increasingly tied to both β-cell development and the development of diabetes in humans is GLIS3. Genetic deletion of GLIS3 in mice and humans induces neonatal diabetes, while single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GLIS3 have been associated with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. As a significant progress has been made in understanding some of GLIS3’s roles in pancreas development and diabetes, we sought to compare current knowledge on GLIS3 within the pancreas to that of other islet enriched transcription factors. While GLIS3 appears to regulate similar genes and pathways to other transcription factors, its unique roles in β-cell development and maturation make it a key target for future studies and therapy.
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15
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London S, De Franco E, Elias-Assad G, Barhoum MN, Felszer C, Paniakov M, Weiner SA, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Case Report: Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Caused by a Novel GLIS3 Mutation in Twins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:673755. [PMID: 34093443 PMCID: PMC8169976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.673755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in GLIS3 cause a rare syndrome characterized by neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), congenital hypothyroidism, congenital glaucoma and cystic kidneys. To date, 14 mutations in GLIS3 have been reported, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. GLIS3 is a key transcription factor involved in β-cell development, insulin expression, and development of the thyroid, eyes, liver and kidneys. Cases We describe non-identical twins born to consanguineous parents presenting with NDM, congenital hypothyroidism, congenital glaucoma, hepatic cholestasis, cystic kidney and delayed psychomotor development. Sequence analysis of GLIS3 identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation, c.2392C>T, p.Gln798Ter (p.Q798*), which results in an early stop codon. The diabetes was treated with a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump and continuous glucose monitoring. Fluctuating blood glucose and intermittent hypoglycemia were observed on follow-up. Conclusions This report highlights the importance of early molecular diagnosis for appropriate management of NDM. We describe a novel nonsense mutation of GLIS3 causing NDM, extend the phenotype, and discuss the challenges in clinical management. Our findings provide new areas for further investigation into the roles of GLIS3 in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira London
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ghadir Elias-Assad
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marie Noufi Barhoum
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Children Health Center, Naharia, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zeffat, Israel
| | - Clari Felszer
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Marina Paniakov
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Scott A. Weiner
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Zhang RJ, Zhang JX, Du WH, Sun F, Fang Y, Zhang CX, Wang Z, Wu FY, Han B, Liu W, Zhao SX, Liang J, Song HD. Molecular and clinical genetics of the transcription factor GLIS3 in Chinese congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111223. [PMID: 33667596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor GLIS3 is an important factor in hormone biosynthesis and thyroid development, and mutations in GLIS3 are relatively rare. Deletions of more than one of the 11 exons of GLIS3 occur in most patients with various extrathyroidal abnormalities and congenital hypothyroidism (CH), and only 18 missense variants of GLIS3 related to thyroid disease have been reported. The aim of this study was to report the family history and molecular basis of patients with CH who carry GLIS3 variants. Three hundred and fifty-three non-consanguineous infants with CH were recruited and subjected to targeted exome sequencing of CH-related genes. The transcriptional activity and cellular localization of the variants in GLIS3 were investigated in vitro. We identified 20 heterozygous GLIS3 exonic missense variants, including eight novel sites, in 19 patients with CH. One patient carried compound heterozygous GLIS3 variants (p.His34Arg and p.Pro835Leu). None of the variants affected the nuclear localization. However, three variants (p.His34Arg, p.Pro835Leu, and p.Ser893Phe) located in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the GLIS3 protein downregulated the transcriptional activation of several genes required for thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. This study of patients with CH extends the current knowledge surrounding the spectrum of GLIS3 variants and the mechanisms by which they cause TH biosynthesis defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jun-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Maternal and Child Health Institute of Bozhou, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Wen-Hua Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221109, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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17
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Sanchez Caballero L, Gorgogietas V, Arroyo MN, Igoillo-Esteve M. Molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and death in monogenic forms of diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:139-256. [PMID: 33832649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogenetic forms of diabetes represent 1%-5% of all diabetes cases and are caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations, that affect genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, function and survival, or insulin regulation, may be dominant or recessive, inherited or de novo. Most patients with monogenic diabetes are very commonly misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The severity of their symptoms depends on the nature of the mutation, the function of the affected gene and, in some cases, the influence of additional genetic or environmental factors that modulate severity and penetrance. In some patients, diabetes is accompanied by other syndromic features such as deafness, blindness, microcephaly, liver and intestinal defects, among others. The age of diabetes onset may also vary from neonatal until early adulthood manifestations. Since the different mutations result in diverse clinical presentations, patients usually need different treatments that range from just diet and exercise, to the requirement of exogenous insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs, e.g., sulfonylureas or glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs to control their glycemia. As a consequence, awareness and correct diagnosis are crucial for the proper management and treatment of monogenic diabetes patients. In this chapter, we describe mutations causing different monogenic forms of diabetes associated with inadequate pancreas development or impaired β-cell function and survival, and discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in β-cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez Caballero
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Vyron Gorgogietas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Maria Nicol Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/.
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18
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Liu M, Huang Y, Xu X, Li X, Alam M, Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Ding L, Wang S, Itkin-Ansari P, Kaufman RJ, Tsai B, Qi L, Arvan P. Normal and defective pathways in biogenesis and maintenance of the insulin storage pool. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142240. [PMID: 33463547 PMCID: PMC7810482 DOI: 10.1172/jci142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release occur primarily by insulin secretory granule exocytosis from pancreatic β cells, and both are needed to maintain normoglycemia. Loss of insulin-secreting β cells, accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance, may involve simple exhaustion of insulin reserves (which, by immunostaining, appears as a loss of β cell identity), or β cell dedifferentiation, or β cell death. While various sensing and signaling defects can result in diminished insulin secretion, somewhat less attention has been paid to diabetes risk caused by insufficiency in the biosynthetic generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule storage pool. This Review offers an overview of insulin biosynthesis, beginning with the preproinsulin mRNA (translation and translocation into the ER), proinsulin folding and export from the ER, and delivery via the Golgi complex to secretory granules for conversion to insulin and ultimate hormone storage. All of these steps are needed for generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule pool, and defects in any of these steps may, weakly or strongly, perturb glycemic control. The foregoing considerations have obvious potential relevance to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and some forms of monogenic diabetes; conceivably, several of these concepts might also have implications for β cell failure in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Huang M, Lu X, Dong G, Li J, Chen C, Yu Q, Li M, Su Y. Analysis of Mutation Spectra of 28 Pathogenic Genes Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism in the Chinese Han Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:695426. [PMID: 34276565 PMCID: PMC8284857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.695426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disease; its early detection ensures successful treatment and prevents complications. However, its molecular etiology remains unclear. METHODS We used second-generation sequencing to detect 28 pathogenic genes in 15 Chinese Han patients with CH in Shenzhen, China, and analyzed the genetic pattern of the pathogenic genes through their pedigrees. The pathogenicity assessment of gene mutations was performed based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) classification guidelines, inheritance models, and published evidence. RESULTS Mutations in several target genes were identified in 14 of 15 patients (93.33%); these mutations were distributed in eight genes (DUOX2, DUOXA2, TPO, TG, TSHR, FOXE1, KDM6A, and POU1F1). DUOX2 exhibited the highest mutation frequency (44%, 11/25), followed by TPO (16%, 4/25) and TG (16%, 4/25). DUOX2 exhibited the highest biallelic mutation (7/15). Eight out of 25 variants verified by the ACMG guidelines were classified as pathogenic (P, category 1) or possibly pathogenic (LP, Type 2), namely six variants of DUOX2, and one variant of TPO and DUOXA2. Five new mutations were detected: one in DUOX2, which was located in the splicing region of mRNA (c.1575-1G>A), three new missense mutants, p.A291T, p.R169W, and p. S1237dup, and one new TPO missense variant c.2012G>T (p.W671L). The main criteria for determining the genotype-phenotype relationship were a diagnostic detection rate of 53.33% (8/15) and combination of three or more gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS CH gene mutations in the population may be mainly manifested in genes influencing thyroid hormone synthesis, such as DUOX2 compound heterozygous mutations, which exhibited a high detection rate. The clinical manifestations are diverse, and mainly include transient CH. Therefore, genetic screening is recommended for CH patients to determine the correlation between clinical phenotypes and gene mutations, which will assist in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiyan Lu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Dong,
| | - Jianxu Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengcong Chen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueyue Su
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Splittstoesser V, Vollbach H, Plamper M, Garbe W, De Franco E, Houghton JAL, Dueker G, Ganschow R, Gohlke B, Schreiner F. Case Report: Extended Clinical Spectrum of the Neonatal Diabetes With Congenital Hypothyroidism Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665336. [PMID: 33935973 PMCID: PMC8087289 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes with congenital hypothyroidism (NDH) syndrome is a rare condition caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the GLI-similar 3 coding gene GLIS3. Almost 20 patients have been reported to date, with significant phenotypic variability. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a boy with a homozygous deletion (exons 5-9) in the GLIS3 gene, who presents novel clinical aspects not reported previously. In addition to neonatal diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism and other known multi-organ manifestations such as cholestasis and renal cysts, he suffered from hyporegenerative anemia during the first four months of life and presents megalocornea in the absence of elevated intraocular pressure. Compensation of partial exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and deficiencies in antioxidative vitamins seemed to have exerted marked beneficial impact on several disease symptoms including cholestasis and TSH resistance, although a causal relation is difficult to prove. Considering reports on persistent fetal hemoglobin detected in a few children with GLIS3 mutations, the transient anemia seen in our patient may represent a further symptom associated with either the GLIS3 defect itself or, secondarily, micronutrient deficiency related to exocrine pancreatic deficiency or cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of patients with GLIS3 mutations and adds important information on the clinical course, highlighting the possible beneficial effects of pancreatic enzyme and antioxidative vitamin substitutions on characteristic NDH syndrome manifestations such as TSH resistance and cholestasis. We recommend to carefully screen infants with GLIS3 mutations for subtle biochemical signs of partial exocrine pancreatic deficiency or to discuss exploratory administration of pancreatic enzymes and antioxidative vitamins, even in case of good weight gain and fecal elastase concentrations in the low-to-normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Splittstoesser
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Vollbach
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Plamper
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Werner Garbe
- Department of Neonatology, St. Marien-Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gesche Dueker
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Ganschow
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Gohlke
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Schreiner
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Felix Schreiner,
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21
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Colemonts-Vroninks H, Neuckermans J, Marcelis L, Claes P, Branson S, Casimir G, Goyens P, Martens GA, Vanhaecke T, De Kock J. Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Metabolism, and Liver Regeneration Pathways Are Activated in Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1 Mice upon Short-Term Nitisinone Discontinuation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:E3. [PMID: 33375092 PMCID: PMC7822164 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an inherited condition in which the body is unable to break down the amino acid tyrosine due to mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) gene, coding for the final enzyme of the tyrosine degradation pathway. As a consequence, HT1 patients accumulate toxic tyrosine derivatives causing severe liver damage. Since its introduction, the drug nitisinone (NTBC) has offered a life-saving treatment that inhibits the upstream enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD), thereby preventing production of downstream toxic metabolites. However, HT1 patients under NTBC therapy remain unable to degrade tyrosine. To control the disease and side-effects of the drug, HT1 patients need to take NTBC as an adjunct to a lifelong tyrosine and phenylalanine restricted diet. As a consequence of this strict therapeutic regime, drug compliance issues can arise with significant influence on patient health. In this study, we investigated the molecular impact of short-term NTBC therapy discontinuation on liver tissue of Fah-deficient mice. We found that after seven days of NTBC withdrawal, molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, glutathione metabolism, and liver regeneration were mostly affected. More specifically, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and several toxicological gene classes related to reactive oxygen species metabolism were significantly modulated. We observed that the expression of several key glutathione metabolism related genes including Slc7a11 and Ggt1 was highly increased after short-term NTBC therapy deprivation. This stress response was associated with the transcriptional activation of several markers of liver progenitor cells including Atf3, Cyr61, Ddr1, Epcam, Elovl7, and Glis3, indicating a concreted activation of liver regeneration early after NTBC withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haaike Colemonts-Vroninks
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Jessie Neuckermans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Lionel Marcelis
- Laboratoire de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 1-3, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Claes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Steven Branson
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Georges Casimir
- Laboratoire de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 1-3, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Goyens
- Laboratoire de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 1-3, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Geert A. Martens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Delta General Hospital, Deltalaan 1, 8800 Roeselare, Belgium;
- Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
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22
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Scoville DW, Kang HS, Jetten AM. Transcription factor GLIS3: Critical roles in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, hypothyroidism, pancreatic beta cells and diabetes. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107632. [PMID: 32693112 PMCID: PMC7606550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) is a member of the GLIS subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors that functions as an activator or repressor of gene expression. Study of GLIS3-deficiency in mice and humans revealed that GLIS3 plays a critical role in the regulation of several biological processes and is implicated in the development of various diseases, including hypothyroidism and diabetes. This was supported by genome-wide association studies that identified significant associations of common variants in GLIS3 with increased risk of these pathologies. To obtain insights into the causal mechanisms underlying these diseases, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which this protein regulates the development of these pathologies. Recent studies of genes regulated by GLIS3 led to the identification of a number of target genes and have provided important molecular insights by which GLIS3 controls cellular processes. These studies revealed that GLIS3 is essential for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and identified a critical function for GLIS3 in the generation of pancreatic β cells and insulin gene transcription. These observations raised the possibility that the GLIS3 signaling pathway might provide a potential therapeutic target in the management of diabetes, hypothyroidism, and other diseases. To develop such strategies, it will be critical to understand the upstream signaling pathways that regulate the activity, expression and function of GLIS3. Here, we review the recent progress on the molecular mechanisms by which GLIS3 controls key functions in thyroid follicular and pancreatic β cells and how this causally relates to the development of hypothyroidism and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scoville
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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23
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Schneeberger PE, Kortüm F, Korenke GC, Alawi M, Santer R, Woidy M, Buhas D, Fox S, Juusola J, Alfadhel M, Webb BD, Coci EG, Abou Jamra R, Siekmeyer M, Biskup S, Heller C, Maier EM, Javaher-Haghighi P, Bedeschi MF, Ajmone PF, Iascone M, Peeters H, Ballon K, Jaeken J, Rodríguez Alonso A, Palomares-Bralo M, Santos-Simarro F, Meuwissen MEC, Beysen D, Kooy RF, Houlden H, Murphy D, Doosti M, Karimiani EG, Mojarrad M, Maroofian R, Noskova L, Kmoch S, Honzik T, Cope H, Sanchez-Valle A, Gelb BD, Kurth I, Hempel M, Kutsche K. Biallelic MADD variants cause a phenotypic spectrum ranging from developmental delay to a multisystem disorder. Brain 2020; 143:2437-2453. [PMID: 32761064 PMCID: PMC7447524 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In pleiotropic diseases, multiple organ systems are affected causing a variety of clinical manifestations. Here, we report a pleiotropic disorder with a unique constellation of neurological, endocrine, exocrine, and haematological findings that is caused by biallelic MADD variants. MADD, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activating death domain protein, regulates various cellular functions, such as vesicle trafficking, activity of the Rab3 and Rab27 small GTPases, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced signalling and prevention of cell death. Through national collaboration and GeneMatcher, we collected 23 patients with 21 different pathogenic MADD variants identified by next-generation sequencing. We clinically evaluated the series of patients and categorized the phenotypes in two groups. Group 1 consists of 14 patients with severe developmental delay, endo- and exocrine dysfunction, impairment of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, and haematological anomalies. The clinical course during the first years of life can be potentially fatal. The nine patients in Group 2 have a predominant neurological phenotype comprising mild-to-severe developmental delay, hypotonia, speech impairment, and seizures. Analysis of mRNA revealed multiple aberrant MADD transcripts in two patient-derived fibroblast cell lines. Relative quantification of MADD mRNA and protein in fibroblasts of five affected individuals showed a drastic reduction or loss of MADD. We conducted functional tests to determine the impact of the variants on different pathways. Treatment of patient-derived fibroblasts with TNF-α resulted in reduced phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, enhanced activation of the pro-apoptotic enzymes caspase-3 and -7 and increased apoptosis compared to control cells. We analysed internalization of epidermal growth factor in patient cells and identified a defect in endocytosis of epidermal growth factor. We conclude that MADD deficiency underlies multiple cellular defects that can be attributed to alterations of TNF-α-dependent signalling pathways and defects in vesicular trafficking. Our data highlight the multifaceted role of MADD as a signalling molecule in different organs and reveal its physiological role in regulating the function of the sensory and autonomic nervous system and endo- and exocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E Schneeberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Christoph Korenke
- Klinik für Neuropädiatrie und angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Woidy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Buhas
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Human Genetics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fox
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Human Genetics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Emanuele G Coci
- Department for Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Prignitz Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Siekmeyer
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig - AöR, University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corina Heller
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Esther M Maier
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maria F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola F Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Ballon
- Centre for Developmental Disabilities, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aroa Rodríguez Alonso
- Unidad de Patología Compleja, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Palomares-Bralo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diane Beysen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Ehsan G Karimiani
- Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University, London, UK
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Genetic Center of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Lenka Noskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Honzik
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heidi Cope
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amarilis Sanchez-Valle
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Targovnik HM, Scheps KG, Rivolta CM. Defects in protein folding in congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110638. [PMID: 31751626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children and one of the most common preventable causes of both cognitive and motor deficits. CH is a heterogeneous group of thyroid disorders in which inadequate production of thyroid hormone occurs due to defects in proteins involved in the gland organogenesis (dysembryogenesis) or in multiple steps of thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogenesis). Dysembryogenesis is associated with genes responsible for the development or growth of thyroid cells: such as NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8, NKX2-5, TSHR, TBX1, CDCA8, HOXD3 and HOXB3 resulting in agenesis, hypoplasia or ectopia of thyroid gland. Nevertheless, the etiology of the dysembryogenesis remains unknown for most cases. In contrast, the majority of patients with dyshormonogenesis has been linked to mutations in the SLC5A5, SLC26A4, SLC26A7, TPO, DUOX1, DUOX2, DUOXA1, DUOXA2, IYD or TG genes, which usually originate goiter. About 800 genetic mutations have been reported to cause CH in patients so far, including missense, nonsense, in-frame deletion and splice-site variations. Many of these mutations are implicated in specific domains, cysteine residues or glycosylation sites, affecting the maturation of nascent proteins that go through the secretory pathway. Consequently, misfolded proteins are permanently entrapped in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are translocated to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. Despite of all these remarkable advances in the field of the CH pathogenesis, several points on the development of this disease remain to be elucidated. The continuous study of thyroid gene mutations with the application of new technologies will be useful for the understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms related to CH. In this review we summarize the present status of knowledge on the disorders in the protein folding caused by thyroid genes mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Abstract
Background: GLIS3 (GLI-Similar protein 3) is a transcription factor involved in several cellular processes. Homozygous mutations in the GLIS3 gene have been typically associated with neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in a syndrome called NDH. NDH patients present developmental abnormalities including endocrine pancreas defects and a spectrum of thyroid abnormalities, mainly including thyroid dysgenesis (TD). The mouse models revealed a key role of Glis3 in pancreatic islets but not in early thyroid development, as Glis3 was described to retain a role in regulating thyroid hormone synthesis downstream the thyrotropin (TSH)/TSHR signaling pathway and in postnatal follicle proliferation. Hence, in this study, we have been taking advantage of the zebrafish model to gain insights on the Glis3 activity during thyroid organogenesis. Methods: Transient glis3-knockdown zebrafish embryos (called glis3 morphants) were generated by the microinjection of specific glis3 morpholinos at one- to two-cell stage to analyze the thyroid phenotype in vivo. Several additional analyses (in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and pharmacological treatments) were performed for further molecular characterization. Results: The analysis of thyroid embryonic development revealed that Glis3 is involved in early steps of thyroid specification. glis3 morphants exhibited a reduced expression of the early transcription factors nkx2.4 and pax2a at the thyroid primordium level, which is not caused by changes in proliferation or apoptosis of the pharyngeal endoderm. As a result, the differentiated thyroid tissue in morphants appeared reduced in size with decreased expression of tg and slc5a5, a low number of thyroxine (T4)-producing follicles, associated with an elevation of tshba (homologous of the human TSHβ), thus resembling the clinical and biochemical manifestations of patients with TD. Interestingly, glis3 morphants have pancreatic β-cell defects, but not liver defects. In vitro and in vivo data also demonstrated that Glis3 is an effector of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Molecular and pharmacological inhibition of SHH reproduced the thyroid defects observed in glis3 morphant. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that glis3, within the SHH pathway, appears to determine the number of endodermal cells committed to a thyroid fate. This is the first evidence of the involvement of Glis3 in TD, thereby expanding the understanding of the genetic basis of thyroid development and CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Rurale
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Duminuco
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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26
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Wang F, Zang Y, Li M, Liu W, Wang Y, Yu X, Li H, Wang F, Liu S. DUOX2 and DUOXA2 Variants Confer Susceptibility to Thyroid Dysgenesis and Gland- in-situ With Congenital Hypothyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:237. [PMID: 32425884 PMCID: PMC7212429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysgenesis (TD), which is caused by gland developmental abnormalities, is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In addition, advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated the identification of mild CH patients with a gland-in-situ (GIS) with normal thyroid morphology. Therefore, TD and GIS account for the vast majority of CH cases. Methods: Sixteen known genes to be related to CH were sequenced and screened for variations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a cohort of 377 CH cases, including 288 TD cases and 89 GIS cases. Results: In our CH cohort, we found that DUOX2 (21.22%) was the most commonly variant pathogenic gene, while DUOXA2 was prominent in TD (18.75%) and DUOX2 was prominent in GIS (34.83%). Both biallelic and triple variants of DUOX2 were found to be most common in children with TD and children with GIS. The most frequent combination was DUOX2 with DUOXA1 among the 61 patients who carried digenic variants. We also found for the first time that biallelic TG, DUOXA2, and DUOXA1 variants participate in the pathogenesis of TD. In addition, the variant p.Y246X in DUOXA2 was the most common variant hotspot, with 58 novel variants identified in our study. Conclusion: We meticulously described the types and characteristics of variants from sixteen known gene in children with TD and GIS in the Chinese population, suggesting that DUOXA2 and DUOX2 variants may confer susceptibility to TD and GIS via polygenic inheritance and multiple factors, which further expands the genotype-phenotype spectrum of CH in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Wang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yucui Zang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmiao Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Wang
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shiguo Liu
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27
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Tremblay JR, Lopez K, Ku HT. A GLIS3-CD133-WNT-signaling axis regulates the self-renewal of adult murine pancreatic progenitor-like cells in colonies and organoids. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16634-16649. [PMID: 31533988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence and regenerative potential of resident stem and progenitor cells in the adult pancreas are controversial topics. A question that has been only minimally addressed is the capacity of a progenitor cell to self-renew, a key attribute that defines stem cells. Previously, our laboratory has identified putative stem and progenitor cells from the adult murine pancreas. Using an ex vivo colony/organoid culture system, we demonstrated that these stem/progenitor-like cells have self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. We have named these cells pancreatic colony-forming units (PCFUs) because they can give rise to three-dimensional colonies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PCFUs self-renew have remained largely unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PCFU self-renewal requires GLIS family zinc finger 3 (GLIS3), a zinc-finger transcription factor important in pancreas development. Pancreata from 2- to 4-month-old mice were dissociated, sorted for CD133highCD71low ductal cells, known to be enriched for PCFUs, and virally transduced with shRNAs to knock down GLIS3 and other proteins. We then plated these cells into our colony assays and analyzed the resulting colonies for protein and gene expression. Our results revealed a previously unknown GLIS3-to-CD133-to-WNT signaling axis in which GLIS3 and CD133 act as factors necessary for maintaining WNT receptors and signaling molecules in colonies, allowing responses to WNT ligands. Additionally, we found that CD133, but not GLIS3 or WNT, is required for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT)-mediated PCFU survival. Collectively, our results uncover a molecular pathway that maintains self-renewal of adult murine PCFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Tremblay
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91006
| | - Kassandra Lopez
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010 .,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91006
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Jetten AM. Emerging Roles of GLI-Similar Krüppel-like Zinc Finger Transcription Factors in Leukemia and Other Cancers. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:547-557. [PMID: 31474360 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
GLI-similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3), a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors, function as key regulators of several biological processes important to oncogenesis, including control of cell proliferation, differentiation, self-renewal, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This review provides a short overview of the critical roles genetic changes in GLIS1-3 play in the development of several malignancies. This includes intrachromosomal translocations involving GLIS2 and ETO2/CBFA2T3 in the development of pediatric non-Down's syndrome (DS), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a malignancy with poor prognosis, and an association of interchromosomal translocations between GLIS3, GLIS1, and PAX8, and between GLIS3 and CLPTM1L with hyalinizing trabecular tumors (HTTs) and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FHCC), respectively. Targeting upstream signaling pathways that regulate GLIS signaling may offer new therapeutic strategies in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Novel non-synonymous mutations of PAX8 in a cohort of Chinese with congenital hypothyroidism. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1322-1327. [PMID: 30888984 PMCID: PMC6629355 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor paired box 8 (PAX8) was associated with type 2 congenital non-goitrous hypothyroidism (CHNG2), a clinical phenotype of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Though studied in a few regions with different ethnicities, the incidence of PAX8 mutations varied, even among Chinese cohorts in different regions. This study aimed to identify and characterize PAX8 mutations and explore the prevalence of its mutations in another cohort of CH. METHODS The 105 unrelated Chinese patients with CH were collected from four major hospitals. Exomes of the 105 samples were sequenced by Hiseq 2000 platform to identify mutations of PAX8 on genomic DNAs extracted from peripheral blood samples. Luciferase reporter assays were used to assess the effects of mutations on the transcription of thyroid peroxidase (TPO). RESULTS Three PAX8 mutations in four subjects were identified in 105 samples. One variant, rs189229644, was detected in two subjects, and categorized as uncertain significance. The other two missense mutations (275T>C/Ile92Thr and 398G>A/Arg133Gln) were not detected in three large-scale genotyping projects, namely 1000 Genome Project, Exome Aggregation Consortium and GO Exome Sequencing Project. Functional studies for the two mutations revealed that they could impair the transcription ability of PAX8 on one of its target genes, TPO. Therefore, the two mutations were causative for the pathogenesis of CHNG2. After combining the studies of PAX8 mutations, an average frequency of 1.74% (21/1209) could be obtained in Chinese patients with CH. CONCLUSION The study specifically demonstrates the role of two mutations in impairing the transcription ability of PAX8, which should be considered as pathogenic variants for CH.
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Miranda-Lora AL, Molina-Díaz M, Cruz M, Sánchez-Urbina R, Martínez-Rodríguez NL, López-Martínez B, Klünder-Klünder M. Genetic polymorphisms associated with pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes: A family-based transmission disequilibrium test and case-control study. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:239-245. [PMID: 30652413 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Genetics play a very strong role in the development of pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, little information exists about specific common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2D in this age group. The aim of the study was to analyze the association and parental transmission of 64 obesity-related SNPs with pediatric-onset T2D in Mexican families. METHODS A total of 57 pedigrees containing 171 probands with pediatric-onset T2D and 119 unrelated controls older than 18 years were included. The participants were genotyped for 64 polymorphisms. Association of each variant with pediatric-onset T2D was analyzed through a parent-offspring transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and in a case-control comparison by χ2 analysis. RESULTS Five SNPs exhibited associations with pediatric-onset T2D in the combined case-parent trio and case-control analysis: LINGO/rs10968576 (odds ratio [OR] 1.82, P = 0.003), POC5/rs2112347 (OR 1.96, P = 2.4E-5), RPS10-NUDT3/rs206936 (OR 1.40, P = 0.023), GLIS3/rs7034200 (OR 2.34, P = 1.2E-6), and VEGFA/rs6905288 (OR 1.58, P = 0.015). The first three were also associated with obesity status. The SNPs POC5/rs2112347 and RPS10-NUDT3/rs206936 were significantly associated through the maternal allele and GLIS3/rs7034200 through the paternal allele (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that certain SNPs associated with obesity and other metabolic traits may also be involved in risk of pediatric-onset T2D in Mexican families. We also identified preferential transmission of parental alleles in some variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- América L Miranda-Lora
- Research Unit of Medicine Based on Evidence, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Molina-Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Sánchez-Urbina
- Research Laboratory in Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy L Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departament of Community Health Research, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Briceida López-Martínez
- Deputy Director of Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Deputy Director of Research, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.,Research Committee, Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN), Mexico City, Mexico
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31
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Fu C, Luo S, Zhang Y, Fan X, D'Gama AM, Zhang X, Zheng H, Su J, Li C, Luo J, Agrawal PB, Li Q, Chen S. Chromosomal microarray and whole exome sequencing identify genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism with extra-thyroidal congenital malformations. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 489:103-108. [PMID: 30508507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder. Although most patients present with isolated CH, some patients present with CH and extra-thyroidal congenital malformations (ECMs), for which less is known about the underlying genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanisms in patients with CH and ECMs using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES). METHODS Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 16 patients with CH and ECMs. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. CMA and WES were performed to detect copy number and single nucleotide variants. RESULTS CMA identified clinically significant copy number variants in 7 patients consistent with their phenotypes. For 6 of them, the genotype and phenotype suggested a syndromic diagnosis, and the remaining patient carried a pathogenic microdeletion and microduplication including GLIS3. WES analysis identified 9 different variants in 7 additional patients. The variants included 2 known mutations (c.1096C>T (p.Arg366Trp) in KCNQ1 and c.848C>A (p.Pro283Gln) in NKX2-5) and 7 novel variants: one nonsense mutation (c.4330C>T (p.Arg1444*) in ASXL3), one frameshift mutation (c.1253_1259delACTCTGG (p.Asp418fs) in TG), three missense variants (c.1472C>T (p.Thr491Ile) in TG, c.4604A>G (p.Asp1535Gly) in TG, and c.2139G>T (p.Glu713Asp) in DUOX2, and two splice site variants (c.944-1G>C and c.3693 + 1G>T) in DUOX2. CONCLUSIONS We report the first genetic study of CH patients with ECMs using CMA and WES. Overall, our detection rate for pathogenic and possibly pathogenic variants was 87.5% (14/16). We report 7 novel variants, expanding the mutational spectrum of TG, DUOX2, and ASXL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Fu
- Medical Science Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China; Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Alissa M D'Gama
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zheng
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China.
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Jeon K, Kumar D, Conway AE, Park K, Jothi R, Jetten AM. GLIS3 Transcriptionally Activates WNT Genes to Promote Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Posterior Neural Progenitors. Stem Cells 2018; 37:202-215. [PMID: 30376208 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anterior-posterior (A-P) specification of the neural tube involves initial acquisition of anterior fate followed by the induction of posterior characteristics in the primitive anterior neuroectoderm. Several morphogens have been implicated in the regulation of A-P neural patterning; however, our understanding of the upstream regulators of these morphogens remains incomplete. Here, we show that the Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) can direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into posterior neural progenitor cells in lieu of the default anterior pathway. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that this switch in cell fate is due to rapid activation of Wingless/Integrated (WNT) signaling pathway. Mechanistically, through genome-wide RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and functional analyses, we show that GLIS3 binds to and directly regulates the transcription of several WNT genes, including the strong posteriorizing factor WNT3A, and that inhibition of WNT signaling is sufficient to abrogate GLIS3-induced posterior specification. Our findings suggest a potential role for GLIS3 in the regulation of A-P specification through direct transcriptional activation of WNT genes. Stem Cells 2018 Stem Cells 2019;37:202-215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilsoo Jeon
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda E Conway
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyeyoon Park
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raja Jothi
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Jetten AM. GLIS1-3 transcription factors: critical roles in the regulation of multiple physiological processes and diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3473-3494. [PMID: 29779043 PMCID: PMC6123274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins form one of the largest families of transcription factors. They function as key regulators of embryonic development and a wide range of other physiological processes, and are implicated in a variety of pathologies. GLI-similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3) constitute a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins that act either as activators or repressors of gene transcription. GLIS3 plays a critical role in the regulation of multiple biological processes and is a key regulator of pancreatic β cell generation and maturation, insulin gene expression, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, spermatogenesis, and the maintenance of normal kidney functions. Loss of GLIS3 function in humans and mice leads to the development of several pathologies, including neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism, polycystic kidney disease, and infertility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in GLIS3 genes have been associated with increased risk of several diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, glaucoma, and neurological disorders. GLIS2 plays a critical role in the kidney and GLIS2 dysfunction leads to nephronophthisis, an end-stage, cystic renal disease. In addition, GLIS1-3 have regulatory functions in several stem/progenitor cell populations. GLIS1 and GLIS3 greatly enhance reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells into induced embryonic stem cells, while GLIS2 inhibits reprogramming. Recent studies have obtained substantial mechanistic insights into several physiological processes regulated by GLIS2 and GLIS3, while a little is still known about the physiological functions of GLIS1. The localization of some GLIS proteins to the primary cilium suggests that their activity may be regulated by a downstream primary cilium-associated signaling pathway. Insights into the upstream GLIS signaling pathway may provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for diabetes, hypothyroidism, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Abstract
In 1993, Jabs et al. were the first to describe a genetic origin of craniosynostosis. Since this discovery, the genetic causes of the most common syndromes have been described. In 2015, a total of 57 human genes were reported for which there had been evidence that mutations were causally related to craniosynostosis. Facilitated by rapid technological developments, many others have been identified since then. Reviewing the literature, we characterize the most common craniosynostosis syndromes followed by a description of the novel causes that were identified between January 2015 and December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A C Goos
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M J Mathijssen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Löf C, Patyra K, Kero A, Kero J. Genetically modified mouse models to investigate thyroid development, function and growth. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:241-256. [PMID: 29779579 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones (TH), which are essential regulators for growth, development and metabolism. The thyroid is mainly controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that binds to its receptor (TSHR) on thyrocytes and mediates its action via different G protein-mediated signaling pathways. TSH primarily activates the Gs-pathway, and at higher concentrations also the Gq/11-pathway, leading to an increase of intracellular cAMP and Ca2+, respectively. To date, the physiological importance of other G protein-mediated signaling pathways in thyrocytes is unclear. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is defined as the lack of TH at birth. In familial cases, high-throughput sequencing methods have facilitated the identification of novel mutations. Nevertheless, the precise etiology of CH yet remains unraveled in a proportion of cases. Genetically modified mouse models can reveal new pathophysiological mechanisms of thyroid diseases. Here, we will present an overview of genetic mouse models for thyroid diseases, which have provided crucial insights into thyroid gland development, function, and growth with a special focus on TSHR and microRNA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Löf
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - K Patyra
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - A Kero
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - J Kero
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is common and can cause severe neurodevelopmental morbidity. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to optimizing long-term outcomes. Universal newborn screening is an important tool for detecting congenital hypothyroidism, but awareness of its limitations, repeated screening in high-risk infants, and a high index of clinical suspicion are needed to ensure that all affected infants are appropriately identified and treated. Careful evaluation will usually reveal the etiology of congenital hypothyroidism, which may inform treatment and prognosis. Early and adequate treatment with levothyroxine results in excellent neurodevelopmental outcomes for most patients with congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J Wassner
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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37
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Juan-Mateu J, Alvelos MI, Turatsinze JV, Villate O, Lizarraga-Mollinedo E, Grieco FA, Marroquí L, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. SRp55 Regulates a Splicing Network That Controls Human Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Survival. Diabetes 2018; 67:423-436. [PMID: 29246973 PMCID: PMC5828453 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Progressive failure of insulin-producing β-cells is the central event leading to diabetes, but the signaling networks controlling β-cell fate remain poorly understood. Here we show that SRp55, a splicing factor regulated by the diabetes susceptibility gene GLIS3, has a major role in maintaining the function and survival of human β-cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that SRp55 regulates the splicing of genes involved in cell survival and death, insulin secretion, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. In particular, SRp55-mediated splicing changes modulate the function of the proapoptotic proteins BIM and BAX, JNK signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, explaining why SRp55 depletion triggers β-cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SRp55 depletion inhibits β-cell mitochondrial function, explaining the observed decrease in insulin release. These data unveil a novel layer of regulation of human β-cell function and survival, namely alternative splicing modulated by key splicing regulators such as SRp55, that may cross talk with candidate genes for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonàs Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Inês Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Valéry Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olatz Villate
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Fabio Arturo Grieco
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Marroquí
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Décio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Fu C, Luo S, Long X, Li Y, She S, Hu X, Mo M, Wang Z, Chen Y, He C, Su J, Zhang Y, Lin F, Xie B, Li Q, Chen S. Mutation screening of the GLIS3 gene in a cohort of 592 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rurale G, Persani L, Marelli F. GLIS3 and Thyroid: A Pleiotropic Candidate Gene for Congenital Hypothyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:730. [PMID: 30555422 PMCID: PMC6281699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in the transcription factor Gli-similar 3 (GLIS3) gene have been associated to variable congenital endocrine defects, including both morphogenetic and functional thyroid alterations. Evidence from Glis3 knockout mice indicates a relevant role for GLIS3 in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and postnatal thyroid gland growth, with a mechanism of action downstream of the TSH/TSHR interaction. However, the pathophysiological role of this transcription factor during the embryonic thyroid development remains unexplored. In this manuscript, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge on GLIS3 function during development. As a perspective, we will present preliminary evidence in the zebrafish model in support of a potential role for this pleiotropic transcription factor in the early stages of thyroid gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Rurale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Persani
| | - Federica Marelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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de Filippis T, Gelmini G, Paraboschi E, Vigone MC, Di Frenna M, Marelli F, Bonomi M, Cassio A, Larizza D, Moro M, Radetti G, Salerno M, Ardissino D, Weber G, Gentilini D, Guizzardi F, Duga S, Persani L. A frequent oligogenic involvement in congenital hypothyroidism. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2507-2514. [PMID: 28444304 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most frequent form of preventable mental retardation, is predicted to have a relevant genetic origin. However, CH is frequently reported to be sporadic and candidate gene variations were found in <10% of the investigated patients. Here, we characterize the involvement of 11 candidate genes through a systematic Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. The NGS was performed in 177 unrelated CH patients (94 gland-in-situ; 83 dysgenesis) and in 3,538 control subjects. Non-synonymous or splicing rare variants (MAF < 0.01) were accepted, and their functional impact was predicted by a comprehensive bioinformatic approach and co-segregation studies. The frequency of variations in cases and controls was extended to 18 CH-unrelated genes. At least one rare variant was accepted in 103/177 patients. Monogenic recessive forms of the disease were found in five cases, but oligogenic involvement was detected in 39 patients. The 167 variations were found to affect all genes independently of the CH phenotype. These findings were replicated in an independent cohort of additional 145 CH cases. When compared to 3,538 controls, the CH population was significantly enriched with disrupting variants in the candidate genes (P = 5.5 × 10-7), but not with rare variations in CH-unrelated genes. Co-segregation studies of the hypothyroid phenotype with multiple gene variants in several pedigrees confirmed the potential oligogenic origin of CH. The systematic NGS approach reveals the frequent combination of rare variations in morphogenetic or functional candidate genes in CH patients independently of phenotype. The oligogenic origin represents a suitable explanation for the frequent sporadic CH occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana de Filippis
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gelmini
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvezia Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Marelli
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Larizza
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirella Moro
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Diego Ardissino
- Cardiology Department, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Weber
- San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Guizzardi
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases & Labs of Endocrine and Metabolic Research or Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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41
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Kang HS, Kumar D, Liao G, Lichti-Kaiser K, Gerrish K, Liao XH, Refetoff S, Jothi R, Jetten AM. GLIS3 is indispensable for TSH/TSHR-dependent thyroid hormone biosynthesis and follicular cell proliferation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4326-4337. [PMID: 29083325 DOI: 10.1172/jci94417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) in humans is associated with the development of congenital hypothyroidism. However, the functions of GLIS3 in the thyroid gland and the mechanism by which GLIS3 dysfunction causes hypothyroidism are unknown. In the current study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 acts downstream of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TSH receptor (TSHR) and is indispensable for TSH/TSHR-mediated proliferation of thyroid follicular cells and biosynthesis of thyroid hormone. Using ChIP-Seq and promoter analysis, we demonstrate that GLIS3 is critical for the transcriptional activation of several genes required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis, including the iodide transporters Nis and Pds, both of which showed enhanced GLIS3 binding at their promoters. The repression of cell proliferation of GLIS3-deficient thyroid follicular cells was due to the inhibition of TSH-mediated activation of the mTOR complex 1/ribosomal protein S6 (mTORC1/RPS6) pathway as well as the reduced expression of several cell division-related genes regulated directly by GLIS3. Consequently, GLIS3 deficiency in a murine model prevented the development of goiter as well as the induction of inflammatory and fibrotic genes during chronic elevation of circulating TSH. Our study identifies GLIS3 as a key regulator of TSH/TSHR-mediated thyroid hormone biosynthesis and proliferation of thyroid follicular cells and uncovers a mechanism by which GLIS3 deficiency causes neonatal hypothyroidism and prevents goiter development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Liao
- 1, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory
| | | | - Kevin Gerrish
- 3, Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Samuel Refetoff
- 4, Department of Medicine, and.,5, Department of Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raja Jothi
- 2, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, and
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42
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Cherella CE, Wassner AJ. Congenital hypothyroidism: insights into pathogenesis and treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 2017:11. [PMID: 29026407 PMCID: PMC5625825 DOI: 10.1186/s13633-017-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism occurs in approximately 1 in 2000 newborns and can have devastating neurodevelopmental consequences if not detected and treated promptly. While newborn screening has virtually eradicated intellectual disability due to severe congenital hypothyroidism in the developed world, more stringent screening strategies have resulted in increased detection of mild congenital hypothyroidism. Recent studies provide conflicting evidence about the potential neurodevelopmental risks posed by mild congenital hypothyroidism, highlighting the need for additional research to further define what risks these patients face and whether they are likely to benefit from treatment. Moreover, while the apparent incidence of congenital hypothyroidism has increased in recent decades, the underlying cause remains obscure in most cases. However, ongoing research into genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism continues to shed new light on the development and physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The identification of IGSF1 as a cause of central congenital hypothyroidism has uncovered potential new regulatory pathways in both pituitary thyrotropes and gonadotropes, while mounting evidence suggests that a significant proportion of primary congenital hypothyroidism may be caused by combinations of rare genetic variants in multiple genes involved in thyroid development and function. Much remains to be learned about the origins of this common disorder and about the optimal management of less severely-affected infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Cherella
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ari J Wassner
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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43
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Scoville DW, Kang HS, Jetten AM. GLIS1-3: emerging roles in reprogramming, stem and progenitor cell differentiation and maintenance. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:80. [PMID: 29057252 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have provided evidence for a regulatory role of GLI-similar (GLIS) transcription factors in reprogramming, maintenance and differentiation of several stem and progenitor cell populations. GLIS1, in conjunction with several other reprogramming factors, was shown to markedly increase the efficiency of generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from somatic cells. GLIS2 has been reported to contribute to the maintenance of the pluripotent state in hPSCs. In addition, GLIS2 has a function in regulating self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitors and megakaryocytic differentiation. GLIS3 plays a critical role during the development of several tissues. GLIS3 is able to promote reprogramming of human fibroblasts into retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. Moreover, GLIS3 is essential for spermatogonial stem cell renewal and spermatogonial progenitor cell differentiation. During pancreas development, GLIS3 protein is first detectable in bipotent pancreatic progenitors and pro-endocrine progenitors and plays a critical role in the generation of pancreatic beta cells. Here, we review the current status of the roles of GLIS proteins in the maintenance and differentiation of these different stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scoville
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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44
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Calderari S, Ria M, Gérard C, Nogueira TC, Villate O, Collins SC, Neil H, Gervasi N, Hue C, Suarez-Zamorano N, Prado C, Cnop M, Bihoreau MT, Kaisaki PJ, Cazier JB, Julier C, Lathrop M, Werner M, Eizirik DL, Gauguier D. Molecular genetics of the transcription factor GLIS3 identifies its dual function in beta cells and neurons. Genomics 2017; 110:98-111. [PMID: 28911974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The GLIS family zinc finger 3 isoform (GLIS3) is a risk gene for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease endophenotype. We identified GLIS3 binding sites in insulin secreting cells (INS1) (FDR q<0.05; enrichment range 1.40-9.11 fold) sharing the motif wrGTTCCCArTAGs, which were enriched in genes involved in neuronal function and autophagy and in risk genes for metabolic and neuro-behavioural diseases. We confirmed experimentally Glis3-mediated regulation of the expression of genes involved in autophagy and neuron function in INS1 and neuronal PC12 cells. Naturally-occurring coding polymorphisms in Glis3 in the Goto-Kakizaki rat model of type 2 diabetes were associated with increased insulin production in vitro and in vivo, suggestive alteration of autophagy in PC12 and INS1 and abnormal neurogenesis in hippocampus neurons. Our results support biological pleiotropy of GLIS3 in pathologies affecting β-cells and neurons and underline the existence of trans‑nosology pathways in diabetes and its co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Calderari
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Ria
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Tatiane C Nogueira
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olatz Villate
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan C Collins
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Neil
- FRE3377, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | | | - Christophe Hue
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Suarez-Zamorano
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Prado
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Kaisaki
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Centre for Computational Biology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Julier
- INSERM UMR-S 958, Faculté de Médecine Paris Diderot, University Paris 7 Denis-Diderot, Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Michel Werner
- FRE3377, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
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45
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Alghamdi KA, Alsaedi AB, Aljasser A, Altawil A, Kamal NM. Extended clinical features associated with novel Glis3 mutation: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:14. [PMID: 28253873 PMCID: PMC5335837 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) gene encoding the transcription factor GLIS3 are a rare cause of neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism with 12 reported patients to date. Additional features, previously described, include congenital glaucoma, hepatic fibrosis, polycystic kidneys, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, osteopenia, sensorineural deafness, choanal atresia, craniosynostosis and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. CASE PRESENTATION We report a new case for consanguineous parents with homozygous novel mutation in GLIS3 gene who presented with neonatal diabetes mellitus, severe resistant congenital hypothyroidism, cholestatic liver disease, bilateral congenital glaucoma and facial dysmorphism. There were associated abnormalities in the external genitalia in form of bifid scrotum, bilateral undescended testicles, microphallus and scrotal hypospadias which might be a coincidental finding. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that infants with neonatal diabetes associated with dysmorphism should be screened for GLIS3 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Alghamdi
- King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. B. Alsaedi
- Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Aljasser
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Altawil
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa M. Kamal
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatologist, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatologist, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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46
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Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common hereditary endocrine disorder. In a small number of cases, mutations have been identified that are associated with maldevelopment and maldescent of the thyroid. Some of these mutations present as syndromes with a multisystem phenotype such as NKX2-1, PAX8, and FOXE. The association of permanent neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism was first reported in 2003 and subsequently led to the identification GLIS3 as the mutation responsible for this presentation. GLIS3 is a member of the GLI-similar zinc finger protein family encoding for a nuclear protein with five zinc finger domains and maps to chromosome 9p24. Given the role of GLIS3 in transcriptional activation and repression during embryogenesis, in humans, GLIS3 mutations present with multisystem involvement that also includes renal cystic dysplasia, progressive liver fibrosis and osteopenia. Thyroid findings in GLIS3 patients include thyroid aplasia, diminished colloid with interstitial fibrosis at post-mortem, and apparently normal gross thyroid anatomy on ultrasonography but with temporary TSH resistance on treatment. To date no biological mechanism has explained this variable presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dimitri
- University of Sheffield & Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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47
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Abstract
Developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, defined as thyroid dysgenesis, underlie the majority of cases of congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysgenesis is predominantly a sporadic disorder although a reported familial enrichment, variation of incidence by ethnicity and the monogenic defects associated mainly with athyreosis or orthotopic thyroid hypoplasia, suggest a genetic contribution. Of note, the most common developmental anomaly, thyroid ectopy, remains unexplained. Ectopy may result from multiple genetic or epigenetic variants in the germline and/or at the somatic level. This review provides a brief overview of the monogenic defects in candidate genes that have been identified so far and of the syndromes which are known to be associated with thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
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48
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Next-generation sequencing analysis of twelve known causative genes in congenital hypothyroidism. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 468:76-80. [PMID: 28215547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene variants have been reported to be associated with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the purpose of this study was to analyze the mutation spectrum and prevalence of 12 known causative genes (TSHR, PAX8, NKX2.1, NKX2.5, FOXE1, DUOX2, TG, TPO, GLIS3, NIS, SLC26A4 and DEHAL1) in CH in China. METHODS Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All exons and their exon-intron boundary sequences of the 12 known CH associated genes in 66 CH patients were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS NGS analysis of 12 known CH associated genes revealed that 32 patients (32/66, 48.5%) were detected to have at least one potentially functional variant. 21, 9, 1, 1, 1 and 1 patients were found to have potential pathogenic variants in DUOX2, TG, PAX8, SLC26A4, TSHR and TPO genes, respectively. Novel variants included one DUOX2 and one TPO missense variants of unknown significance (VUS). CONCLUSION Our study expands the mutation spectrum of DUOX2 and TPO genes. 48.5% CH patients had at least one potential pathogenic variant. We found relatively high frequency of DUOX2 (31.8%) and TG (13.6%) mutations in our cohort.
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49
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Wen X, Yang Y. Emerging roles of GLIS3 in neonatal diabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R73-R85. [PMID: 27899417 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3), a member of the Krüppel-like zinc finger protein subfamily, is predominantly expressed in the pancreas, thyroid and kidney. Glis3 mRNA can be initially detected in mouse pancreas at embryonic day 11.5 and is largely restricted to β cells, pancreatic polypeptide-expressing cells, as well as ductal cells at later stage of pancreas development. Mutations in GLIS3 cause a neonatal diabetes syndrome, characterized by neonatal diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism and polycystic kidney. Importantly, genome-wide association studies showed that variations of GLIS3 are strongly associated with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in multiple populations. GLIS3 cooperates with pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (MAFA), as well as neurogenic differentiation 1 (NEUROD1) and potently controls insulin gene transcription. GLIS3 also plays a role in β cell survival and likely in insulin secretion. Any perturbation of these functions may underlie all three forms of diabetes. GLIS3, synergistically with hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) and forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), controls fetal islet differentiation via transactivating neurogenin 3 (NGN3) and impairment of this function leads to neonatal diabetes. In addition, GLIS3 is also required for the compensatory β cell proliferation and mass expansion in response to insulin resistance, which if disrupted may predispose to T2D. The increasing understanding of the mechanisms of GLIS3 in β cell development, survival and function maintenance will provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target identification to combat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Wen
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yisheng Yang
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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50
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Yang Y, Bush SP, Wen X, Cao W, Chan L. Differential Gene Dosage Effects of Diabetes-Associated Gene GLIS3 in Pancreatic β Cell Differentiation and Function. Endocrinology 2017; 158:9-20. [PMID: 27813676 PMCID: PMC5412984 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) underlie a neonatal diabetes syndrome. Genome-wide association studies revealed that GLIS3 variants are associated with both common type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Global Glis3-deficient (Glis3-/-) mice die of severe diabetes shortly after birth. GLIS3 controls islet differentiation by transactivating neurogenin 3 (Ngn3). To unravel the function of Glis3 in adults, we generated inducible global Glis3-deficient mice (Glis3fl/fl/RosaCreERT2). Tamoxifen (TAM)-treated Glis3fl/fl/RosaCreERT2 mice developed severe diabetes, which was reproduced in TAM-treated β cell-specific Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1CreERT mice, but not in TAM-treated Glis3fl/fl/MipCreERT mice. Furthermore, we generated constitutive β cell- or pancreas-specific Glis3-deficient mice using either RipCre (Glis3fl/fl/RipCre) or Pdx1Cre (Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1Cre) coexpressing mice. We observed that, remarkably, neither type of β cell- or pancreas-specific Glis3-deficient mice phenocopied the lethal neonatal diabetes observed in Glis3-/- mice. All Glis3fl/fl/RipCre mice survived to adulthood with normal glucose tolerance. Thirty percent of Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1Cre mice developed severe diabetes at 3 to 4 weeks of age, whereas 55% of them developed mild diabetes with age. In contrast to the >90% reduction of Ngn3 and near-total absence of insulin (Ins) in the embryonic pancreas of Glis3-/- mice, we found only 75%-80% reduction of Ngn3 and Ins messenger RNA or protein expression in the fetal pancreas of Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1Cre mice. The expression levels of Ngn3 and Ins correlated negatively with the extent of Cre-mediated Glis3 deletion. These mouse models are powerful tools to decipher Glis3 gene dosage effects and the role of GLIS3 mutations/variants in a spectrum of β cell dysfunction in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
| | - Sean P. Bush
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
| | - Xianjie Wen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, First People’s Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China 528300; and
| | - Wei Cao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
| | - Lawrence Chan
- 3Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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