1
|
Agner SC, Brier LM, Hill J, Liu E, Bice A, Rahn RM, Culver JP, Klein RS. Myeloid cell activation during Zika virus encephalitis predicts recovery of functional cortical connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.06.547991. [PMID: 37461558 PMCID: PMC10350085 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.547991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the lifespan have been described during outbreaks in Southeast Asia, South America, and Central America since 2016. In the adult CNS ZIKV tropism for neurons is tightly linked to its effects, with neuronal loss within the hippocampus during acute infection and protracted synapse loss during recovery, which is associated with cognitive deficits. The effects of ZIKV on cortical networks have not been evaluated. Although animal behavior assays have been used previously to model cognitive impairment, in vivo brain imaging can provide orthogonal information regarding the health of brain networks in real time, providing a tool to translate findings in animal models to humans. In this study, we use widefield optical imaging to measure cortical functional connectivity (FC) in mice during acute infection with, and recovery from, intracranial infection with a mouse-adapted strain of ZIKV. Acute ZIKV infection leads to high levels of myeloid cell activation, with loss of neurons and presynaptic termini in the cerebral cortex and associated loss of FC primarily within the somatosensory cortex. During recovery, neuron numbers, synapses and FC recover to levels near those of healthy mice. However, hippocampal injury and impaired spatial cognition persist. The magnitude of activated myeloid cells during acute infection predicted both recovery of synapses and the degree of FC recovery after recovery from ZIKV infection. These findings suggest that a robust inflammatory response may contribute to the health of functional brain networks after recovery from infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C. Agner
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey M. Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy Hill
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ethan Liu
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel M. Rahn
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira MDS, Cassiano LMG, Pioline J, de Carvalho KRA, Salim ACDM, Alves PA, Fernandes GDR, Machado ADMV, Coimbra RS. Organotypic hippocampal culture model reveals differential responses to highly similar Zika virus isolates. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:140. [PMID: 37301965 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an outbreak in Brazil, in 2015, being associated to microcephaly. ZIKV has a strong neurotropism leading to death of infected cells in different brain regions, including the hippocampus, a major site for neurogenesis. The neuronal populations of the brain are affected differently by ZIKV from Asian and African ancestral lineages. However, it remains to be investigated whether subtle variations in the ZIKV genome can impact hippocampus infection dynamics and host response. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated how two Brazilian ZIKV isolates, PE243 and SPH2015, that differ in two specific missense amino acid substitutions, one in the NS1 protein and the other in the NS4A protein, affect the hippocampal phenotype and transcriptome. METHODS Organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHC) from infant Wistar rats were infected with PE243 or SPH2015 and analyzed in time series using immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Unique patterns of infection and changes in neuronal density in the OHC were observed for PE243 and SPH2015 between 8 and 48 h post infection (p.i.). Phenotypic analysis of microglia indicated that SPH2015 has a greater capacity for immune evasion. Transcriptome analysis of OHC at 16 h p.i. disclosed 32 and 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to infection with PE243 and SPH2015, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that infection with SPH2015 activates mostly astrocytes rather than microglia. PE243 downregulated biological process of proliferation of brain cells and upregulated those associated with neuron death, while SPH2015 downregulated processes related to neuronal development. Both isolates downregulated cognitive and behavioral development processes. Ten genes were similarly regulated by both isolates. They are putative biomarkers of early hippocampus response to ZIKV infection. At 5, 7, and 10 days p.i., neuronal density of infected OHC remained below controls, and mature neurons of infected OHC showed an increase in the epigenetic mark H3K4me3, which is associated to a transcriptionally active state. This feature is more prominent in response to SPH2015. CONCLUSION Subtle genetic diversity of the ZIKV affects the dynamics of viral dissemination in the hippocampus and host response in the early stages of infection, which may lead to different long-term effects in neuronal population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Marcely Gomes Cassiano
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeanne Pioline
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anna Christina de Matos Salim
- Plataforma de Sequenciamento NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roney Santos Coimbra
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hageman G, Nihom J. Fetuses and infants with Amyoplasia congenita in congenital Zika syndrome: The evidence of a viral cause. A narrative review of 144 cases. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2023; 42:1-14. [PMID: 36442412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amyoplasia congenita is the most frequent type of arthrogryposis causing fetal hypokinesia, leading to congenital contractures at birth. The pathogenesis is thought to be impaired blood circulation to the fetus early in pregnancy, with hypotension and hypoxia damaging the anterior horn cells. In animal studies however a prenatal infection with a poliomyelitis-like viral agent was demonstrated. Congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZVS) has recently been described in infants with severe microcephaly, and in 10-25% of cases arthrogryposis. METHODS A search in PubMed for CZVS yielded 124 studies. After a selection for arthrogryposis, 35 papers were included, describing 144 cases. The studies were divided into two categories. 1) Those (87 cases) focussing on imaging or histological data of congenital brain defects, contained insufficient information to link arthrogryposis specifically to lesions of the brain or spinal motor neuron. 2) In the other 57 cases detailed clinical data could be linked to neurophysiological, imaging or histological data. RESULTS In category 1 the most frequent brain abnormalities in imaging studies were ventriculomegaly, calcifications (subcortical, basal ganglia, cerebellum), hypoplasia of the brainstem and cerebellum, atrophy of the cerebral cortex, migration disorders and corpus callosum anomalies. In category 2, in 38 of 57 cases clinical data were indicative of Amyoplasia congenita. This diagnosis was confirmed by electromyographic findings (13 cases), by MRI (37 cases) or histology (12 cases) of the spinal cord. The latter showed small or absent lateral corticospinal tracts, and cell loss and degeneration of motor neuron cells. Zika virus-proteins and flavivirus-like particles were detected in cytoplasm of spinal neurons. CONCLUSION The phenotype of arthrogryposis in CZVS is consistent with Amyoplasia congenita. These findings warrant search for an intrauterine infection with any neurotropic viral agent with affinity to spinal motor neurons in neonates with Amyoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hageman
- Department of Neurology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Hospital Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - J Nihom
- Department of Neurology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Hospital Enschede, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manet C, Mansuroglu Z, Conquet L, Bortolin V, Comptdaer T, Segrt H, Bourdon M, Menidjel R, Stadler N, Tian G, Herit F, Niedergang F, Souès S, Buée L, Galas MC, Montagutelli X, Bonnefoy E. Zika virus infection of mature neurons from immunocompetent mice generates a disease-associated microglia and a tauopathy-like phenotype in link with a delayed interferon beta response. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:307. [PMID: 36539803 PMCID: PMC9764315 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection at postnatal or adult age can lead to neurological disorders associated with cognitive defects. Yet, how mature neurons respond to ZIKV remains substantially unexplored. METHODS The impact of ZIKV infection on mature neurons and microglia was analyzed at the molecular and cellular levels, in vitro using immunocompetent primary cultured neurons and microglia, and in vivo in the brain of adult immunocompetent mice following intracranial ZIKV inoculation. We have used C57BL/6 and the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross mouse strains, displaying a broad range of susceptibility to ZIKV infection, to question the correlation between the effects induced by ZIKV infection on neurons and microglia and the in vivo susceptibility to ZIKV. RESULTS As a result of a delayed induction of interferon beta (IFNB) expression and response, infected neurons displayed an inability to stop ZIKV replication, a trait that was further increased in neurons from susceptible mice. Alongside with an enhanced expression of ZIKV RNA, we observed in vivo, in the brain of susceptible mice, an increased level of active Iba1-expressing microglial cells occasionally engulfing neurons and displaying a gene expression profile close to the molecular signature of disease-associated microglia (DAM). In vivo as well as in vitro, only neurons and not microglial cells were identified as infected, raising the question of the mechanisms underlying microglia activation following brain ZIKV infection. Treatment of primary cultured microglia with conditioned media from ZIKV-infected neurons demonstrated that type-I interferons (IFNs-I) secreted by neurons late after infection activate non-infected microglial cells. In addition, ZIKV infection induced pathological phosphorylation of Tau (pTau) protein, a hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies, in vitro and in vivo with clusters of neurons displaying pTau surrounded by active microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS We show that ZIKV-infected mature neurons display an inability to stop viral replication in link with a delayed IFNB expression and response, while signaling microglia for activation through IFNs-I secreted at late times post-infection. In the brain of ZIKV-infected susceptible mice, uninfected microglial cells adopt an active morphology and a DAM expression profile, surrounding and sometimes engulfing neurons while ZIKV-infected neurons accumulate pTau, overall reflecting a tauopathy-like phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Manet
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zeyni Mansuroglu
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurine Conquet
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Violaine Bortolin
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inserm, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Helena Segrt
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie Bourdon
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Reyene Menidjel
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stadler
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR1124, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guanfang Tian
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Niedergang
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Souès
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Luc Buée
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inserm, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inserm, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eliette Bonnefoy
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lebov JF, Hooper SR, Pugh N, Becker-Dreps S, Bowman NM, Brown LM, MacDonald PD, Lakshmanane P, Jadi R, Bucardo F, Chevez T, Rodriguez AH, Aleman Rivera TDJ. Neurological and neuropsychological sequelae of Zika virus infection in children in León, Nicaragua. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e90. [PMID: 35875321 PMCID: PMC9299389 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To describe the presence and persistence of neurological and neuropsychological sequelae among children with acquired Zika virus infection and assess whether those sequelae were more common in children infected with Zika virus compared to uninfected children. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of children with and without Zika virus infection in León, Nicaragua, using a standard clinical assessment tool and questionnaire to collect data on symptoms at three visits, about 6 months apart, and a battery of standardized instruments to evaluate neurocognitive function, behavior, depression, and anxiety at the last two visits. Results. Sixty-two children were enrolled, with no significant differences in demographics by infection group. Children infected with Zika virus had a range of neurological symptoms, some of which persisted for 6 to 12 months; however, no consistent pattern of symptoms was observed. At baseline a small percentage of children infected with Zika virus had an abnormal finger-to-nose test (13%), cold touch response (13%), and vibration response (15%) versus 0% in the uninfected group. Neurocognitive deficits and behavioral problems were common in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. Children infected with Zika virus had lower cognitive efficiency scores at the 6-month visit. Anxiety and depression were infrequent in both groups. Conclusions. Larger studies are needed to definitively investigate the relationship between Zika virus infection and neurological symptoms and neurocognitive problems, with adjustment for factors affecting cognition and behavior, including mood and sleep disorders, home learning environment, history of neuroinvasive infections, and detailed family history of neuropsychological problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill F. Lebov
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Norma Pugh
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Linda M. Brown
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ramesh Jadi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Filemon Bucardo
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua
| | - Tatiana Chevez
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lazarini F, Lannuzel A, Cabié A, Michel V, Madec Y, Chaumont H, Calmont I, Favrat M, Lazarini F, Lannuzel A, Cabié A, Calmont I, Abel S, Cabras O, Marquise A, Pircher M, Signate A, Celeste C, Chaumont H, Lackmy A, Lepage G, Lobjois Q, Petit A, Tressières B, Teissier N, Roze E, Buivan TP, Conquet L, Laude H, Lledo PM, Madec Y, Mottez E, Taieb F, Ungeheuer MN, Montagutelli X, Roze E, Lledo PM. Olfactory outcomes in Zika virus-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2823-2831. [PMID: 35699338 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Yet, little is known about the consequence of ZIKV infection on olfaction in humans. METHODS Just right before the COVID-19 outbreak, we prospectively investigated the olfactory capacities of 19 patients with ZIKV-associated GBS from the French West Indies and compared them to 9 controls from the same population, with a GBS of similar severity but independent of Zika infection. To provide further evidence that ZIKV infection induces smell alteration, we investigated the consequences of ZIKV infection on olfactory abilities using a mouse model. RESULTS Patients with GBS-Zika+ had a poorer olfactory function than GBS-non-Zika, even one to two years after the acute phase. The proportion of patients with hyposmia was significantly higher in GBS-Zika+ than in GBS-non-Zika group (68.4% versus 22.2%, P=0.042). These deficits were characterized by lower threshold and identification scores and were independent from GBS severity. Additionally, ZIKV infection was found to impair olfaction in immunodeficient mice infected with ZIKV. High viral load was observed in their olfactory system and downstream brain structures. ZIKV promoted both cellular damages in the olfactory neuroepithelium and protracted inflammation of the olfactory bulb, likely accounting for smell alteration. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ZIKV-related GBS had a poorer long-term olfactory function than patients with GBS-non-Zika and ZIKV-infected mice are hyposmic. These observations suggest that ZIKV belongs to the list of viruses affecting the olfactory system. Clinical evaluation of the olfactory system should be considered for ZIKV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Lazarini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Perception and Memory Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Annie Lannuzel
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université des Antilles, Centre d'investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC 1424, Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Paris, France
| | - André Cabié
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université des Antilles, Centre d'investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC 1424, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1058, Université de Montpellier, Université des Antilles, Établissement français du sang, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Michel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Perception and Memory Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Chaumont
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université des Antilles, Centre d'investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC 1424, Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Calmont
- Centre d'investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique, Inserm CIC, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Mathilde Favrat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Perception and Memory Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Perception and Memory Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
González-Salazar C, Tartaglia JS, Teixeira Dourado ME, França MC. Clinical Neurophysiology of Zika Virus-Related Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System in Adults. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:253-258. [PMID: 34999639 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY During the 2013 to 2016 outbreak in the Pacific and Americas, Zika virus infection resulted not only in febrile and cutaneous manifestations but also in (severe) neurologic complications. These included both central and peripheral nervous system disorders. The most frequent was Guillain-Barré syndrome that typically developed 1 to 2 weeks after the acute infection. Later, other peripheral nervous system syndromes were recognized in association with the viral infection, broadening the spectrum of Zika virus-related peripheral nervous system syndromes. In the current article, the authors review all available clinical neurophysiology data on Guillain-Barré syndrome and other peripheral nervous system syndromes in an attempt to characterize the major patterns of involvement related to Zika virus. The authors also highlight the clinical usefulness of nerve conduction studies and needle EMG in the investigation of suspected Zika virus-related Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carelis González-Salazar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; and
| | - Jordana Sartori Tartaglia
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; and
| | | | - Marcondes C França
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ferrari-Marinho T, De Marchi LR, Caboclo LO. Clinical Neurophysiology of Zika Virus Encephalitis. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:259-264. [PMID: 34999637 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Zika virus (ZIKV) has been shown to be highly neurotropic; neurologic disorders are a common complication of this infection. Encephalitis-an inflammation of the brain parenchyma associated with neurologic dysfunction-is a rare complication of ZIKV infections. It affects patients from young to elderly ages. Clinical presentation of ZIKV encephalitis may be heterogeneous, including altered mental status (decreased or altered level of consciousness, lethargy, or personality change), seizures, and focal deficits. Complementary diagnostic investigation should include neuroimaging, lumbar puncture, and EEG. Neuroimaging findings in ZIKV encephalitis are not specific and may be diverse, including normal findings, hyperintense lesions on MRI involving cortical or subcortical structures, symmetric or asymmetric lesions involving supra or infratentorial regions, and more widespread involvement such as brain swelling. A remarkable scarcity of neurophysiological data on ZIKV encephalitis was found in the literature. In line with other diagnostic examinations, there are no neurophysiological findings suggestive or specific of the disease. EEG in ZIKV encephalitis showed different results: normal or diffuse disorganization of background activity, asymmetry with abnormal focal slow waves, focal epileptic discharges or generalized spike-wave and multispike-wave complexes, and periods of generalized voltage attenuation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Schuler-Faccini L, Del Campo M, García-Alix A, Ventura LO, Boquett JA, van der Linden V, Pessoa A, van der Linden Júnior H, Ventura CV, Leal MC, Kowalski TW, Rodrigues Gerzson L, Skilhan de Almeida C, Santi L, Beys-da-Silva WO, Quincozes-Santos A, Guimarães JA, Garcez PP, Gomes JDA, Vianna FSL, Anjos da Silva A, Fraga LR, Vieira Sanseverino MT, Muotri AR, Lopes da Rosa R, Abeche AM, Marcolongo-Pereira C, Souza DO. Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika in utero: Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Front Genet 2022; 13:758715. [PMID: 35350244 PMCID: PMC8957982 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.758715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Five years after the identification of Zika virus as a human teratogen, we reviewed the early clinical manifestations, collectively called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have a very poor prognosis with extremely low performance in motor, cognitive, and language development domains, and practically all feature severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, these manifestations are the tip of the iceberg, with some children presenting milder forms of deficits. Additionally, neurodevelopment can be in the normal range in the majority of the non-microcephalic children born without brain or eye abnormalities. Vertical transmission and the resulting disruption in development of the brain are much less frequent when maternal infection occurs in the second half of the pregnancy. Experimental studies have alerted to the possibility of other behavioral outcomes both in prenatally infected children and in postnatal and adult infections. Cofactors play a vital role in the development of CZS and involve genetic, environmental, nutritional, and social determinants leading to the asymmetric distribution of cases. Some of these social variables also limit access to multidisciplinary professional treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Liana O Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundação Altino Ventura, FAV, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Pessoa
- Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Camila V Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundação Altino Ventura, FAV, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,CESUCA-Centro Universitário, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucélia Santi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge A Guimarães
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Anjos da Silva
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences-Universidade do Vale do Taquari-UNIVATES, Lajeado, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani Abeche
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo O Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klein RS. Encephalitic Arboviruses of Africa: Emergence, Clinical Presentation and Neuropathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:769942. [PMID: 35003087 PMCID: PMC8733932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mosquito-borne viruses (arboviruses) are endemic in Africa, contributing to systemic and neurological infections in various geographical locations on the continent. While most arboviral infections do not lead to neuroinvasive diseases of the central nervous system, neurologic diseases caused by arboviruses include flaccid paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and post-infectious autoimmune or memory disorders. Here we review endemic members of the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families that cause neurologic infections, their neuropathogenesis and host neuroimmunological responses in Africa. We also discuss the potential for neuroimmune responses to aide in the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics, and current knowledge gaps to be addressed by arbovirus research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Halani S, Tombindo PE, O'Reilly R, Miranda RN, Erdman LK, Whitehead C, Bielecki JM, Ramsay L, Ximenes R, Boyle J, Krueger C, Willmott S, Morris SK, Murphy KE, Sander B. Clinical manifestations and health outcomes associated with Zika virus infections in adults: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009516. [PMID: 34252102 PMCID: PMC8297931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has generated global interest in the last five years mostly due to its resurgence in the Americas between 2015 and 2016. It was previously thought to be a self-limiting infection causing febrile illness in less than one quarter of those infected. However, a rise in birth defects amongst children born to infected pregnant women, as well as increases in neurological manifestations in adults has been demonstrated. We systemically reviewed the literature to understand clinical manifestations and health outcomes in adults globally. Methods This review was registered prospectively with PROPSERO (CRD 42018096558). We systematically searched for studies in six databases from inception to the end of September 2020. There were no language restrictions. Critical appraisal was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Findings We identified 73 studies globally that reported clinical outcomes in ZIKV-infected adults, of which 55 studies were from the Americas. For further analysis, we considered studies that met 70% of critical appraisal criteria and described subjects with confirmed ZIKV. The most common symptoms included: exanthema (5,456/6,129; 89%), arthralgia (3,809/6,093; 63%), fever (3,787/6,124; 62%), conjunctivitis (2,738/3,283; 45%), myalgia (2,498/5,192; 48%), headache (2,165/4,722; 46%), and diarrhea (337/2,622; 13%). 36/14,335 (0.3%) of infected cases developed neurologic sequelae, of which 75% were Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Several subjects reported recovery from peak of neurological complications, though some endured chronic disability. Mortality was rare (0.1%) and hospitalization (11%) was often associated with co-morbidities or GBS. Conclusions The ZIKV literature in adults was predominantly from the Americas. The most common systemic symptoms were exanthema, fever, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis; GBS was the most prevalent neurological complication. Future ZIKV studies are warranted with standardization of testing and case definitions, consistent co-infection testing, reporting of laboratory abnormalities, separation of adult and pediatric outcomes, and assessing for causation between ZIKV and neurological sequelae. Interest in Zika virus (ZIKV) has increased in the last decade due to its emergence and rapid spread in the Americas. In this review, we examine ZIKV clinical manifestations and sequelae in adults. Among studies reporting subjects with confirmed ZIKV and critical appraisal scores of at least 70%, symptoms reported include exanthema, fever, arthralgia, conjunctivitis, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea. Neurological sequelae in this group occurred in 0.3% of subjects, of which 75% were Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Recovery from GBS was variable: some patients returned to health and others endured chronic disability. Mortality was rare (0.1%). Hospitalization (11%) was often associated co-morbidities or GBS; this percentage perhaps reflects studies in which all reported subjects were hospitalized. Synthesizing reported data is challenging given the wide range of case definitions and ZIKV testing practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan O'Reilly
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael N Miranda
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura K Erdman
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clare Whitehead
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna M Bielecki
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Ramsay
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raphael Ximenes
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Escola de Matemática Aplicada, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Praia de Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Carsten Krueger
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Willmott
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun K Morris
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kellie E Murphy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beate Sander
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chow C, Dehority W. Long-Term Outcomes in Children Surviving Tropical Arboviral Encephalitis: A Systematic Review. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6295672. [PMID: 34109400 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of childhood encephalitis often suffer from physical and neurocognitive sequelae, particularly in tropical, resource-limited areas with a large burden of arboviral, neurotropic pathogens and limited resources with which to address chronic morbidities. Research into overall and pathogen-specific outcomes following childhood encephalitis may help identify risk factors for poor outcomes, quantify the burden of sequelae, assist with resource allocation and help focus rehabilitative efforts. However, such research is limited. To this end, we systematically reviewed the literature on this topic to identify gaps in knowledge worthy of future investigation. METHODS A search of PubMed, Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane databases was performed 10 January through 20 February 2020, using 17 search terms for sequelae and 14 for tropical, arboviral pathogens. Eligible reports demonstrated post-discharge follow-up of ≥3 months and assessment of clinical outcome in a child with an arboviral encephalitis ≤18 years of age at diagnosis. RESULTS Of 1513 articles, 35 were eligible, comprising 693 children. Japanese encephalitis accounted for 18 articles and 93.2% of all subjects (646 total). Sequelae were documented in ∼60% of subjects overall and in those with Japanese encephalitis. For non-Japanese encephalitis virus encephalitides (47 children), sequelae were found in 78.1%. No studies utilized comprehensive neurocognitive testing or assessed the efficacy of rehabilitative efforts. Only nine studies reported data from ≥1 follow-up visit. CONCLUSION Investigation into long-term outcomes following tropical childhood encephalitis is limited, particularly for neurocognitive sequelae, serial assessments over time and the effect of rehabilitative measures. LAY SUMMARY Encephalitis, an infection of the brain, is frequently caused by arboviruses (viruses spread via the bite of infected arthropods, such as mosquitoes) in tropical locales. Following infection, surviving children may be plagued with severe physical and cognitive deficits. Unfortunately, research into the type of deficits, their frequency and their responsiveness to rehabilitative efforts is lacking. We identified and reviewed 35 studies describing outcomes in children recovering from tropical, arboviral encephalitis at least 3 months following hospital discharge. Poor outcomes were common and found in up to 60% of children. Long-term and serial follow-up visits were rare, as was the use of comprehensive neurocognitive testing. No studies assessed the efficacy of rehabilitative measures. Further study into these areas is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christal Chow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Walter Dehority
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belaunzarán-Zamudio PF, Ortega-Villa AM, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Guerra-De-Blas PDC, Aguilar-Navarro SG, Sepúlveda-Delgado J, Hunsberger S, Salgado RV, Ramos-Castañeda J, Rincón León HA, Rodríguez de La Rosa P, Nájera Cancino JG, Beigel J, Caballero Sosa S, Ruiz Hernández E, Powers JH, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Lane C. Comparison of the Impact of Zika and Dengue Virus Infection, and Other Acute Illnesses of Unidentified Origin on Cognitive Functions in a Prospective Cohort in Chiapas Mexico. Front Neurol 2021; 12:631801. [PMID: 33828518 PMCID: PMC8019918 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.631801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika has been associated with a variety of severe neurologic manifestations including meningitis and encephalitis. We hypothesized that it may also cause mild to subclinical neurocognitive alterations during acute infection or over the long term. In this observational cohort study, we explored whether Zika cause subclinical or mild neurocognitive alterations, estimate its frequency and duration, and compare it to other acute illnesses in a cohort of people with suspected Zika infection, in the region of Tapachula in Chiapas, Mexico during 2016-2018. We enrolled patients who were at least 12 years old with suspected Zika virus infection and followed them up for 6 months. During each visit participants underwent a complete clinical exam, including a screening test for neurocognitive dysfunction (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score). We enrolled 406 patients [37 with Zika, 73 with dengue and 296 with other acute illnesses of unidentified origin (AIUO)]. We observed a mild and transient impact over cognitive functions in patients with Zika, dengue and with other AIUO. The probability of having an abnormal MoCA score (<26 points) was significantly higher in patients with Zika and AIUO than in those with dengue. Patients with Zika and AIUO had lower memory scores than patients with dengue (Zika vs. Dengue: -0.378, 95% CI-0.678 to -0.078; p = 0.014: Zika vs. AIUO 0.264, 95% CI 0.059, 0.469; p = 0.012). The low memory performance in patients with Zika and AIUO accounts for most of the differences in the overall MoCA score when compared with patients with dengue. Our results show a decrease in cognitive function during acute illness and provides no evidence to support the hypothesis that Zika might cause neurocognitive alterations longer than the period of acute infection or different to other infectious diseases. While effects on memory or perhaps other cognitive functions over the long term are possible, larger studies using more refined tools for neurocognitive functioning assessment are needed to identify these. Trial Registration: NCT02831699.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F. Belaunzarán-Zamudio
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ana M. Ortega-Villa
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alberto J. Mimenza-Alvarado
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Geriatrics & Neurology Fellowship, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Sara G. Aguilar-Navarro
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Sepúlveda-Delgado
- Directorate of Research, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ciudad Salud, Tapachula & Medical Science Research, Hospital General de Zona 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - José Ramos-Castañeda
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunidad, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Gabriel Nájera Cancino
- Directorate of Research, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ciudad Salud, Tapachula & Medical Science Research, Hospital General de Zona 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sandra Caballero Sosa
- Clínica Hospital Dr. Roberto Nettel Flores, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Tapachula, Mexico
| | | | - John H. Powers
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clifford Lane
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Raper J, Chahroudi A. Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Adverse Neurodevelopment after Postnatal Zika Virus Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6010010. [PMID: 33445671 PMCID: PMC7838975 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) typically causes mild or no symptoms in adults, during the 2015−2016 outbreak, ZIKV infection in pregnancy resulted in a spectrum of diseases in infants, including birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders identified in childhood. While intense clinical and basic science research has focused on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of prenatal ZIKV infection, less is known about the consequences of infection during early life. Considering the neurotropism of ZIKV and the rapidly-developing postnatal brain, it is important to understand how infection during infancy may disrupt neurodevelopment. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding early postnatal ZIKV infection. Emerging clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that ZIKV infection during infancy can result in negative neurologic consequences. However, clinical data regarding postnatal ZIKV infection in children are limited; as such, animal models play an important role in understanding the potential complications of ZIKV infection related to the vulnerable developing brain. Preclinical data provide insight into the potential behavioral, cognitive, and motor domains that clinical studies should examine in pediatric populations exposed to ZIKV during infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Raper
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Freitas DA, Souza-Santos R, Carvalho LMA, Barros WB, Neves LM, Brasil P, Wakimoto MD. Congenital Zika syndrome: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242367. [PMID: 33320867 PMCID: PMC7737899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signs and symptoms of Zika virus infection are usually mild and self-limited. However, the disease has been linked to neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and peripheral nerve involvement, and also to abortion and fetal deaths due to vertical transmission, resulting in various congenital malformations in newborns, including microcephaly. This review aimed to describe the o signs and symptoms that characterize the congenital Zika syndrome. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic review was performed with a protocol and described according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The search strategy yielded 2,048 studies. After the exclusion of duplicates and application of inclusion criteria, 46 studies were included. The main signs and symptoms associated with the congenital Zika syndrome were microcephaly, parenchymal or cerebellar calcifications, ventriculomegaly, central nervous system hypoplasia or atrophy, arthrogryposis, ocular findings in the posterior and anterior segments, abnormal visual function and low birthweight for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a series of changes in the growth and development of children, while impacting the healthcare system due to the severity of cases. Our findings outline the disease profile in newborns and infants and may contribute to the development and updating of more specific clinical protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Freitas
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Souza-Santos
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liege M. A. Carvalho
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner B. Barros
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza M. Neves
- Fernandes Figueira Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayumi D. Wakimoto
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leonhard SE, Halstead S, Lant SB, Militão de Albuquerque MDFP, de Brito CAA, de Albuquerque LBB, Ellul MA, de Oliveira França RF, Gourlay D, Griffiths MJ, de Miranda Henriques-Souza AM, de Morais Machado MÍ, Medialdea-Carrera R, Mehta R, da Paz Melo R, Mesquita SD, Moreira ÁJP, Pena LJ, Santos ML, Turtle L, Solomon T, Willison HJ, Jacobs BC, Brito Ferreira ML. Guillain-Barré syndrome during the Zika virus outbreak in Northeast Brazil: An observational cohort study. J Neurol Sci 2020; 420:117272. [PMID: 33360425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical phenotype of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, the anti-glycolipid antibody signature, and the role of other circulating arthropod-borne viruses, we describe a cohort of GBS patients identified during ZIKV and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks in Northeast Brazil. METHODS We prospectively recruited GBS patients from a regional neurology center in Northeast Brazil between December 2014 and February 2017. Serum and CSF were tested for ZIKV, CHIKV, and dengue virus (DENV), by RT-PCR and antibodies, and serum was tested for GBS-associated antibodies to glycolipids. RESULTS Seventy-one patients were identified. Forty-eight (68%) had laboratory evidence of a recent arbovirus infection; 25 (52%) ZIKV, 8 (17%) CHIKV, 1 (2%) DENV, and 14 (29%) ZIKV and CHIKV. Most patients with a recent arbovirus infection had motor and sensory symptoms (72%), a demyelinating electrophysiological subtype (67%) and a facial palsy (58%). Patients with a recent infection with ZIKV and CHIKV had a longer hospital admission and more frequent mechanical ventilation compared to the other patients. No specific anti-glycolipid antibody signature was identified in association with arbovirus infection, although significant antibody titres to GM1, GalC, LM1, and GalNAc-GD1a were found infrequently. CONCLUSION A large proportion of cases had laboratory evidence of a recent infection with ZIKV or CHIKV, and recent infection with both viruses was found in almost one third of patients. Most patients with a recent arbovirus infection had a sensorimotor, demyelinating GBS. We did not find a specific anti-glycolipid antibody signature in association with arbovirus-related GBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja E Leonhard
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Susan Halstead
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Suzannah B Lant
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mark A Ellul
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dawn Gourlay
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael J Griffiths
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Raquel Medialdea-Carrera
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ravi Mehta
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lindomar J Pena
- Department of Virology, Institute Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Marcela Lopes Santos
- Department of Collective Health, Institute Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Lance Turtle
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Solomon
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bart C Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brito Ferreira ML, Militão de Albuquerque MDFP, de Brito CAA, de Oliveira França RF, Porto Moreira ÁJ, de Morais Machado MÍ, da Paz Melo R, Medialdea-Carrera R, Dornelas Mesquita S, Lopes Santos M, Mehta R, Ramos E Silva R, Leonhard SE, Ellul M, Rosala-Hallas A, Burnside G, Turtle L, Griffiths MJ, Jacobs BC, Bhojak M, Willison HJ, Pena LJ, Pardo CA, Ximenes RAA, Martelli CMT, Brown DWG, Cordeiro MT, Lant S, Solomon T. Neurological disease in adults with Zika and chikungunya virus infection in Northeast Brazil: a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:826-839. [PMID: 32949543 PMCID: PMC7494308 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2015, the arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) Zika and chikungunya have spread across the Americas causing outbreaks, accompanied by increases in immune-mediated and infectious neurological disease. The spectrum of neurological manifestations linked to these viruses, and the importance of dual infection, are not known fully. We aimed to investigate whether neurological presentations differed according to the infecting arbovirus, and whether patients with dual infection had a different disease spectrum or severity. METHODS We report a prospective observational study done during epidemics of Zika and chikungunya viruses in Recife, Pernambuco, a dengue-endemic area of Brazil. We recruited adults aged 18 years or older referred to Hospital da Restauração, a secondary-level and tertiary-level hospital, with suspected acute neurological disease and a history of suspected arboviral infection. We looked for evidence of Zika, chikungunya, or dengue infection by viral RNA or specific IgM antibodies in serum or CSF. We grouped patients according to their arbovirus laboratory diagnosis and then compared demographic and clinical characteristics. FINDINGS Between Dec 4, 2014, and Dec 4, 2016, 1410 patients were admitted to the hospital neurology service; 201 (14%) had symptoms consistent with arbovirus infection and sufficient samples for diagnostic testing and were included in the study. The median age was 48 years (IQR 34-60), and 106 (53%) were women. 148 (74%) of 201 patients had laboratory evidence of arboviral infection. 98 (49%) of them had a single viral infection (41 [20%] had Zika, 55 [27%] had chikungunya, and two [1%] had dengue infection), whereas 50 (25%) had evidence of dual infection, mostly with Zika and chikungunya viruses (46 [23%] patients). Patients positive for arbovirus infection presented with a broad range of CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) disease. Chikungunya infection was more often associated with CNS disease (26 [47%] of 55 patients with chikungunya infection vs six [15%] of 41 with Zika infection; p=0·0008), especially myelitis (12 [22%] patients). Zika infection was more often associated with PNS disease (26 [63%] of 41 patients with Zika infection vs nine [16%] of 55 with chikungunya infection; p≤0·0001), particularly Guillain-Barré syndrome (25 [61%] patients). Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome who had Zika and chikungunya dual infection had more aggressive disease, requiring intensive care support and longer hospital stays, than those with mono-infection (median 24 days [IQR 20-30] vs 17 days [10-20]; p=0·0028). Eight (17%) of 46 patients with Zika and chikungunya dual infection had a stroke or transient ischaemic attack, compared with five (6%) of 96 patients with Zika or chikungunya mono-infection (p=0·047). INTERPRETATION There is a wide and overlapping spectrum of neurological manifestations caused by Zika or chikungunya mono-infection and by dual infections. The possible increased risk of acute cerebrovascular disease in patients with dual infection merits further investigation. FUNDING Fundação do Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (FACEPE), EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, National Institute for Health Research. TRANSLATIONS For the Portuguese and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raquel Medialdea-Carrera
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Marcela Lopes Santos
- Department of Collective Health, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ravi Mehta
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Sonja E Leonhard
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark Ellul
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Girvan Burnside
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lance Turtle
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael J Griffiths
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bart C Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hugh J Willison
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindomar José Pena
- Department of Virology, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disorders, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo A A Ximenes
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - David W G Brown
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, England; Flavivirus Reference Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Infectious Disease Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marli Tenório Cordeiro
- Department of Virology, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Suzannah Lant
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Solomon
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chaumont H, Roze E, Tressières B, Lazarini F, Lannuzel A. Central nervous system infections in a tropical area: influence of emerging and rare infections. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2242-2249. [PMID: 32602577 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The frequency of infectious encephalitis and the distribution of causative pathogens in tropical areas are poorly known and may be influenced by emerging and rare infections. The aim was to characterize a large series of acute infectious encephalitis and myelitis in immunocompetent patients from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe identifying clinical, biological and radiological features according to pathogens. METHODS Using a hospital database, detailed information on a comprehensive series of immunocompetent patients with acute infectious myelitis and encephalitis over the 2012-2018 period was retrospectively collected. RESULTS From 259 suspected cases with acute central nervous system infection, 171 cases were included for analysis, comprising 141 encephalitis, 22 myelitis and eight encephalomyelitis. The annual incidence peaked at 15.0/100 000 during the Zika 2016 outbreak. Children accounted for 22.2% of cases. Eight adults died during hospital stay, all encephalitis. Seventeen infectious agents, two of which had never been described in Guadeloupe so far, were identified in 101 cases (59.1%), including 35 confirmed cases (34.7%), 48 probable cases (47.5%), 15 possible cases (14.9%) and three clinical cases (3.0%). The most frequent etiologic agents were Zika virus in 23 cases (13.5%), herpes simplex in 12 (7.0%), varicella zoster virus in 11 (6.4%), dengue virus in 11 (6.4%) and leptospirosis in 11 (6.4%). CONCLUSIONS The Zika outbreak had a major influence on the annual incidence of acute central nervous system infection. Acute neuroleptospirosis is over-represented in our series. Further efforts are mandatory to develop new diagnostic tools for pathogen profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Chaumont
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes, France.,Faculté de Médecine de l'Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - E Roze
- Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - B Tressières
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC 1424, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - F Lazarini
- Perception and Memory Unit, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3571, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - A Lannuzel
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes, France.,Faculté de Médecine de l'Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1127, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC 1424, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Evolution of the innate and adaptive immune response in women with acute Zika virus infection. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:76-83. [PMID: 31792427 PMCID: PMC6938397 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
The role of infections in autoimmune encephalitides. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:420-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|