1
|
Park R, Amin M, Trikalinos NA. Temozolomide duration and secondary hematological neoplasms: A literature review and implications for patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13178. [PMID: 35854663 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based recommendations for the optimal duration and sequencing of temozolomide-based treatments in advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms are lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the literature for a descriptive analysis of temozolomide-associated myelodysplasias and leukemias to guide treatment planning. A database search of PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify case reports and/or case series reporting secondary myelodysplasias or leukemias in the setting of temozolomide therapy. Key data items extracted from the studies were the temozolomide dose and duration, latency to hematological disorder, type of secondary malignancy and cytogenetics. Reported cases were summarized graphically. A total of 16 studies with 27 patient cases of therapy-related hematologic neoplasms were identified, all of which were case reports or case series. The median treatment duration and cumulative dose were 19 months and 18,000 mg/m2 , respectively. Most patients (21/27) were diagnosed on, or after, 12 months, while only one patient was diagnosed before 6 months of treatment. Most of the patients were diagnosed, while still on treatment with temozolomide. Graphically, cases clustered around a cumulative dose of 10,000 to 30,000 mg/m2 and a latency period of 10 to 40 months which translates to an approximate treatment duration of 12.5 to 37.5 months. Taken together, most reported treatment-related hematological neoplasms appear to develop on or beyond the 12-month mark, while patients are still on treatment with temozolomide. For patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms, where sequencing of multiple therapies is important, we suggest an approach to optimizing treatment duration by establishing disease response at 6 months before continuing further treatment and restricting treatment to or establishing closer vigilance beyond 12 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manik Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Dartmouth- Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Trikalinos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scheurer ME, Zhou R, Gilbert MR, Bondy ML, Sulman EP, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Vera E, Wendland MM, Youssef EF, Stieber VW, Komaki RR, Flickinger JC, Kenyon LC, Robins HI, Hunter GK, Crocker IR, Chao ST, Pugh SL, Armstrong TS. Germline polymorphisms in MGMT associated with temozolomide-related myelotoxicity risk in patients with glioblastoma treated on NRG Oncology/RTOG 0825. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac152. [PMID: 36299794 PMCID: PMC9587696 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to identify clinical and genetic predictors of temozolomide-related myelotoxicity among patients receiving therapy for glioblastoma. Methods Patients (n = 591) receiving therapy on NRG Oncology/RTOG 0825 were included in the analysis. Cases were patients with severe myelotoxicity (grade 3 and higher leukopenia, neutropenia, and/or thrombocytopenia); controls were patients without such toxicity. A risk-prediction model was built and cross-validated by logistic regression using only clinical variables and extended using polymorphisms associated with myelotoxicity. Results 23% of patients developed myelotoxicity (n = 134). This toxicity was first reported during the concurrent phase of therapy for 56 patients; 30 stopped treatment due to toxicity. Among those who continued therapy (n = 26), 11 experienced myelotoxicity again. The final multivariable clinical factor model included treatment arm, gender, and anticonvulsant status and had low prediction accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.672). The final extended risk prediction model including four polymorphisms in MGMT had better prediction (AUC = 0.827). Receiving combination chemotherapy (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.02-3.27) and being female (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 2.45-8.08) significantly increased myelotoxicity risk. For each additional minor allele in the polymorphisms, the risk increased by 64% (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.43-1.89). Conclusions Myelotoxicity during concurrent chemoradiation with temozolomide is an uncommon but serious event, often leading to treatment cessation. Successful prediction of toxicity may lead to more cost-effective individualized monitoring of at-risk subjects. The addition of genetic factors greatly enhanced our ability to predict toxicity among a group of similarly treated glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Scheurer
- Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renke Zhou
- Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- M D Anderson Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- M D Anderson Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vera
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- M D Anderson Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Merideth M Wendland
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Texas Oncology Cancer Center Sugar Land, Sugar Land, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Ritsuko R Komaki
- M D Anderson Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - H Ian Robins
- University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ian R Crocker
- Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L Pugh
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi S, Yu Y, Grimmer MR, Wahl M, Chang SM, Costello JF. Temozolomide-associated hypermutation in gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1300-1309. [PMID: 29452419 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas cause considerable morbidity and most will recur after initial therapy. At recurrence, low-grade gliomas can undergo transformation to high-grade gliomas (grade III or grade IV), which are associated with worse prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) provides survival benefit in patients with glioblastomas, but its value in patients with low-grade gliomas is less clear. A subset of TMZ-treated, isocitrate dehydrogenase‒mutant, low-grade astrocytomas recur as more malignant tumors with thousands of de novo, coding mutations bearing a signature of TMZ-induced hypermutation. Preliminary studies raise the hypothesis that TMZ-induced hypermutation may contribute to malignant transformation, although with highly variable latency. On the other hand, hypermutated gliomas have radically altered genomes that present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In light of these findings and the immunotherapy clinical trials they inspired, how do patients and providers approach the risks and benefits of TMZ therapy? This review discusses what is known about the mechanisms and consequences of TMZ-induced hypermutation and outstanding questions regarding its clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serah Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew R Grimmer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael Wahl
- Samaritan Pastega Regional Cancer Center, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chatzellis E, Angelousi A, Daskalakis K, Tsoli M, Alexandraki KI, Wachuła E, Meirovitz A, Maimon O, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Gross D, Kos-Kudła B, Koumarianou A, Kaltsas G. Activity and Safety of Standard and Prolonged Capecitabine/Temozolomide Administration in Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 109:333-345. [PMID: 31167197 DOI: 10.1159/000500135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capecitabine and temozolomide combination (CAPTEM) is associated with high response rates in patients with advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). We evaluated the real-world activity and safety of CAPTEM from 3 NEN centers. METHODS Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients treated with CAPTEM for bulky or progressive disease (PD) were retrospectively analyzed. -Results: Seventy-nine patients with gastroenteropancreatic (grades 1-2 [n = 38], grade 3 [n = 24]) and lung/thymic (n = 17) NENs were included. Median treatment duration was 12.1 months (range 0.6-55.6). Overall, partial responses (PRs) occurred in 23 (29.1%), stable (SD) in 24 (30.4%), and PD in 28 (35.4%) patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 10.1 (6-14.2) and 102.9 months (43.3-162.5), respectively. On univariate analysis, NENs naive to chemotherapy and low Ki67 were associated with favorable responses (partial response [PR] + SD; p = 0.011 and 0.045), PFS (p < 0.0001 and 0.002) and OS (p = 0.005 and 0.001). Primary site (pancreas and lung/thymus) was also a significant prognostic factor for PFS (p < 0.0001) and OS (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, gastrointestinal and unknown primary NENs (hazard ratio [HR] 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8, p = 0.009 and p = 0.018) and prior surgery (HR 2.4, 95% CI 11-4.9, p = 0.021) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Ki-67 was a poor predictor for favorable response in receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve 0.678). Safety analysis of CAPTEM indicated rare events of serious (grades 3-4) toxicities (n = 4) and low discontinuation rates (n = 8) even in patients with prolonged administration (>12 months). CONCLUSIONS CAPTEM treatment can be an effective and safe treatment even after prolonged administration for patients with NENs of various sites and Ki67 labeling index, associated with significant favorable responses and PFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Chatzellis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,
- 251 HAF and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece,
| | - Anna Angelousi
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Tsoli
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Krystallenia I Alexandraki
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ewa Wachuła
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Oncology Department and Radiation Therapy Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Oncology Department and Radiation Therapy Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Gross
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Department of Endocrinology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Unit, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen YH, Hueng DY, Tsai WC. Proteolipid Protein 2 Overexpression Indicates Aggressive Tumor Behavior and Adverse Prognosis in Human Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113353. [PMID: 30373180 PMCID: PMC6274732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2), a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, is related to tumor proliferation and metastasis in some human cancers, but not in gliomas. First, we performed western-blot analysis, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical stains to detect PLP2 expression in 4 glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues. In addition, we used small interfering RNA (SiPLP2) and short hairpin RNA (shPLP2) to knockdown PLP2 expression in GBM8401 and LN229 glioma cell lines. After then, the alteration of PLP2 suppressed glioma cells behavior were examined by cell proliferation, wound healing, cell invasion, and colonies formation assays. Finally, the possible mechanism of PLP2 was analyzed by detecting the expression of the proteins related to cell-cycle checkpoints, cell-proliferative signaling factors, and cell-matrix interaction. Compared with normal brain cell lysates and mRNA, all glioma cell lines displayed PLP2 protein and mRNA overexpression. Besides, higher PLP2 IHC staining significantly correlated with more advanced tumor grades and poorer prognosis in human gliomas. Both siPLP2 transfected gliomas showed a clear inhibition of glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as down-regulating p-p38, p-ERK, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. In conclusion, we successfully demonstrated that PLP2 overexpression played an oncogenic role in glioma development and aggressive tumor behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pankaj S, Kumari A, Nazneen S, Kumari J, Choudhary V, Kmari A. Multiple Primary Malignancies of Cancer of Ovary and Cervix in A Young Woman: A Rare Case Report. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-018-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Secondary Hodgkin Lymphoma and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) After Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Treatment in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 38:97-103. [PMID: 29668470 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein synchronous occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma and secondary myelodysplastic syndrome in a 60 year old male patient with small cell lung cancer treated with combined chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel) and radiotherapy is presented. The objective of this report is to stress the importance of documenting and monitoring adverse drug reactions that arise from chemotherapy. After four years of treatment with the combined chemotherapy, the patient presented inguinal lymphadenopathy and enlarged lymph nodes and histopathology rapport was suggestive for plasmacytoid variant of Castleman disease. Three years later, biopsy of lymph node was performed and diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma - mixed cellularity has been established. Molecular analyses revealed presence of dominant monoclonal population of the immunoglobulin genes in the oligo/monoclonal background. Bone marrow biopsy findings suggested secondary myelodysplasia and revealed signs of hematopoietic cells dismaturation with signs of megaloblastic maturation of the erytropoetic lineage, appearance of ALIP (abnormal localization of immature precursors) in the myeloid lineage and dysplastic megakaryocytes. In addition, an increased level of polyclonal plasmacytes (lambda vs kappa was 60%:40%) was found. Hodgkin lymphoma and MDS occurring after 4 years of carboplatin/paclitaxel therapy might be contributed to the accumulation of alkylator-related DNA damage. This emphasize the need of outlining a monitoring plan regarding development of secondary leukemia and other malignant hematological proliferations should be outlined in the protocols.
Collapse
|
8
|
Association of a novel point mutation in MSH2 gene with familial multiple primary cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:158. [PMID: 28974240 PMCID: PMC5627420 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple primary cancers (MPC) have been identified as two or more cancers without any subordinate relationship that occur either simultaneously or metachronously in the same or different organs of an individual. Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that increases the risk of many types of cancers. Lynch syndrome patients who suffer more than two cancers can also be considered as MPC; patients of this kind provide unique resources to learn how genetic mutation causes MPC in different tissues. Methods We performed a whole genome sequencing on blood cells and two tumor samples of a Lynch syndrome patient who was diagnosed with five primary cancers. The mutational landscape of the tumors, including somatic point mutations and copy number alternations, was characterized. We also compared Lynch syndrome with sporadic cancers and proposed a model to illustrate the mutational process by which Lynch syndrome progresses to MPC. Results We revealed a novel pathologic mutation on the MSH2 gene (G504 splicing) that associates with Lynch syndrome. Systematical comparison of the mutation landscape revealed that multiple cancers in the proband were evolutionarily independent. Integrative analysis showed that truncating mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes were significantly enriched in the patient. A mutation progress model that included germline mutations of MMR genes, double hits of MMR system, mutations in tissue-specific driver genes, and rapid accumulation of additional passenger mutations was proposed to illustrate how MPC occurs in Lynch syndrome patients. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that both germline and somatic alterations are driving forces of carcinogenesis, which may resolve the carcinogenic theory of Lynch syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-017-0523-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kosugi K, Saito K, Takahashi W, Tokuda Y, Tomita H. A Case of Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated with Adjuvant Temozolomide Chemotherapy for Anaplastic Astrocytoma. World Neurosurg 2017; 101:816.e11-816.e16. [PMID: 28288919 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temozolomide (TMZ) is now standard adjuvant therapy in combination with radiotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma. Treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute treatment-related leukemia (t-AML) associated with TMZ chemotherapy for patients with glioma is quite a rare complication. CASE DESCRIPTION A 43-year-old man with an anaplastic astrocytoma received radiation therapy synchronized with ranimustine and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy for 15 cycles. Close follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the head during TMZ chemotherapy showed no evidence of tumor progression. One year after the completion of TMZ chemotherapy, a bone-marrow aspiration was performed because the patient's white blood cell count decreased. He was diagnosed with t-AML based on the bone marrow examination, and then he was referred to the cancer center for the treatment of t-AML. CONCLUSIONS In this case study, we continued adjuvant TMZ therapy beyond the recommended 6 cycles. Currently, there is no consensus as to how long the adjuvant TMZ therapy should be continued for the treatment of residual tumor showing no apparent interval change. A new decision-making tool to assess the clinical benefits against the side effects for long-term adjuvant TMZ therapy is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Kosugi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Tochigi Medical Center, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wataru Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Japan Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukina Tokuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tomita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hashemi SM, Mahmoudi Shan S, Jahantigh M, Allahyari A. Atypical breast adenosquamous carcinoma following acute myeloid leukemia in a middle-aged woman: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:271-275. [PMID: 28357109 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast is a rare cancer that develops as glands and tubules admixed with solid nests of squamous cells in a spindle cell background. Furthermore, its occurrence following AML is also rare. To the best of our knowledge, based on a review of the relevant literature, thus far there have not been any welldocumented cases. In the present case report, we report on a middle-aged woman with a 2year history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who was admitted to hospital due to a mass in the right breast, with concurrent cutaneous lesions on the breast. The clinical and pathological investigations resulted in the diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast. The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Subsequently, the patient received chemotherapy, involved-field radiation therapy and target therapy. At 9 months after the final cycle of chemotherapy, and while she was on targeted therapy with trastuzumab (6 mg administered every 3 weeks), the patient presented with extensive dermatomal skin lesions. A biopsy report revealed metastatic lesions of invasive ductal carcinoma in the abdomen, so chemotherapy resumed with a course lasting for 6 cycles, with the identical treatments, but lacking trastuzumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Hashemi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Mahmoudi Shan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Students' Scientific Research Center, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jahantigh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Allahyari
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moehrle BM, Geiger H. Aging of hematopoietic stem cells: DNA damage and mutations? Exp Hematol 2016; 44:895-901. [PMID: 27402537 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.06.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging in the hematopoietic system and the stem cell niche contributes to aging-associated phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including leukemia and aging-associated immune remodeling. Among others, the DNA damage theory of aging of HSCs is well established, based on the detection of a significantly larger amount of γH2AX foci and a higher tail moment in the comet assay, both initially thought to be associated with DNA damage in aged HSCs compared with young cells, and bone marrow failure in animals devoid of DNA repair factors. Novel data on the increase in and nature of DNA mutations in the hematopoietic system with age, the quality of the DNA damage response in aged HSCs, and the nature of γH2AX foci question a direct link between DNA damage and the DNA damage response and aging of HSCs, and rather favor changes in epigenetics, splicing-factors or three-dimensional architecture of the cell as major cell intrinsic factors of HSCs aging. Aging of HSCs is also driven by a strong contribution of aging of the niche. This review discusses the DNA damage theory of HSC aging in the light of these novel mechanisms of aging of HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nabors LB, Surboeck B, Grisold W. Complications from pharmacotherapy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 134:235-250. [PMID: 26948358 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802997-8.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacotherapy management of cancers of the nervous system has significant overlap with systemic solid cancers that may utilize similar drugs or agents. There is however a unique aspect related to central nervous system (CNS) cancers where therapies directed against a malignant process may have enhanced toxicities or toxicities unique to the CNS. In addition, many agents used to treat CNS malignancies have unique CNS toxicities that may require a specific intervention. This chapter attempts to review conventional and biologic therapies utilized for CNS malignancies and characterize expected and, if known, unique toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Birgit Surboeck
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Grisold
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moehrle BM, Nattamai K, Brown A, Florian MC, Ryan M, Vogel M, Bliederhaeuser C, Soller K, Prows DR, Abdollahi A, Schleimer D, Walter D, Milsom MD, Stambrook P, Porteus M, Geiger H. Stem Cell-Specific Mechanisms Ensure Genomic Fidelity within HSCs and upon Aging of HSCs. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2412-2424. [PMID: 26686632 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have impaired DNA damage repair is controversial. Using a combination of DNA mutation indicator assays, we observe a 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of DNA mutations in the hematopoietic system upon aging. Young and aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) do not show an increase in mutation upon irradiation-induced DNA damage repair, and young and aged HSPCs respond very similarly to DNA damage with respect to cell-cycle checkpoint activation and apoptosis. Both young and aged HSPCs show impaired activation of the DNA-damage-induced G1-S checkpoint. Induction of chronic DNA double-strand breaks by zinc-finger nucleases suggests that HSPCs undergo apoptosis rather than faulty repair. These data reveal a protective mechanism in both the young and aged hematopoietic system against accumulation of mutations in response to DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Moehrle
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kalpana Nattamai
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andreas Brown
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria C Florian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marnie Ryan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mona Vogel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel R Prows
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Schleimer
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dagmar Walter
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH (HI-STEM), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH (HI-STEM), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Experimental Hematology Group, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Matthew Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mannas JP, Lightner DD, DeFrates SR, Pittman T, Villano JL. Long-term treatment with temozolomide in malignant glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:121-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Momota H, Narita Y, Miyakita Y, Shibui S. Secondary hematological malignancies associated with temozolomide in patients with glioma. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1445-50. [PMID: 23519741 PMCID: PMC3779032 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is widely used for the treatment of gliomas. Although reports of treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with TMZ are accumulating, it remains unclear whether TMZ has the same leukemogenic potential as other alkylating agents. METHODS We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis using a database of 359 glioma patients given nimustine (ACNU)-based therapy, TMZ-based therapy, or combination therapy, who were followed up for a minimum of 2 months, between January 1990 and December 2009, at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Japan. RESULTS Of the 359 patients, 225 received ACNU alone or ACNU plus other chemotherapeutic drugs (ACNU-based group; median follow-up period, 31.4 mo), 63 patients received ACNU-based therapy followed by TMZ therapy (ACNU-TMZ group; median follow-up period, 19.1 mo), and 71 patients received TMZ alone or TMZ plus other chemotherapeutic drugs (TMZ-based group; median follow-up period, 16.9 mo). Three patients in the ACNU-based group developed MDS/AML (incidence rate: 2.9 cases per 1000 person-years), 2 patients in the ACNU-TMZ group developed MDS/AML (13.0 cases per 1000 person-years), and 1 patient in the TMZ-based group developed ALL (9.9 cases per 1000 person-years). CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations of this study, published reports and our results suggest that TMZ induces secondary hematological malignancies, particularly ALL, and might shorten the latency period when used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Momota
- Corresponding Author: Yoshitaka Narita, PhD, MD, Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scaringi C, De Sanctis V, Minniti G, Enrici RM. Temozolomide-related hematologic toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:444-9. [PMID: 23921765 DOI: 10.1159/000353752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent used for the treatment of recurrent or newly diagnosed malignant gliomas with significant survival benefit. TMZ is generally well tolerated and safe. The most common side effects are mild to moderate, and are represented by fatigue, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. However severe hematologic adverse events (HAEs), including myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia, have also been reported. In this review we present an overview of the available literature of HAEs after exposure to TMZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scaringi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Temozolomide-related idiosyncratic and other uncommon toxicities: a systematic review. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 23:1099-106. [PMID: 22850321 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328356f5b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ)-related idiosyncratic and other uncommon toxicities have been reported. To better characterize these toxicities and to identify any associated risk factors, we performed a systematic review. We searched the PubMed database, limited to the English language, published between 1999 and December 2011. We selected only those articles in which TMZ was temporally related and was the sole or main contributing chemotherapeutic drug to idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) and other uncommon toxicities. Hematological IDRs are biopsy-proven aplastic anemia or grade V toxicity or grade IV toxicity with slow and incomplete hematological recovery. Seventy-three cases were identified, including 21 hematological IDRs, 31 nonhematological IDRs and uncommon infections, and 21 second primary cancers. With a caveat of publication and reporting bias, the following observations could be made. The hematological IDRs predominantly occurred in female patients (exact binomial two-tailed, P=0.0041) and most patients were receiving TMZ concomitantly with radiotherapy for glioma. The median duration of exposure to TMZ was 30 days and the median cumulative TMZ exposure was 2250 mg/m (range, 500-6900 mg/m). The sex predilection was not evident in nonhematological IDRs and other uncommon toxicities. TMZ-induced pneumonitis and cholestatic hepatitis are emerging as a nonhematological hypersensitive reaction and IDR, respectively. For TMZ-related myelodysplasia or leukemia, the cumulative dose of TMZ ranged from 1400 to 30 000 mg/m. The cumulative dose of TMZ was lower and latency was shorter with a previous exposure to other leukemogenic drugs, suggesting that TMZ may have augmented the leukemogenic potential of other drugs. Early appearance of profound myelosuppression during the course of TMZ and concurrent radiotherapy could be a hematological IDR, which warrants prompt investigations to exclude aplastic anemia. Myelodysplasia or leukemia developed after a median TMZ exposure of 15 g/m.
Collapse
|
18
|
Arpaci E, Tokluoglu S, Yetigyigit T, Alkis N. Multiple Primary Malignancies - A Retrospective Analysis at a Single Center in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:769-73. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
19
|
Shimizu Y, Watanabe T, Nakada M, Hayashi Y, Hamaguchi Y, Sugimori N, Hamada JI. Neuro-Sweet disease mimicking recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma associated with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114:1049-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Shah NN, Bacher U, Fry T, Calvo KR, Stetler-Stevenson M, Arthur DC, Kurlander R, Baird K, Wise B, Giralt S, Bishop M, Hardy NM, Wayne AS. Myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:916-22. [PMID: 22473867 PMCID: PMC3454494 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirali N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Groves MD, Plummer AB. Helping patients make the best decision regarding duration of temozolomide chemotherapy treatment. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2012; 18:421-5. [PMID: 22810137 DOI: 10.1212/01.con.0000413668.65668.4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with glioblastoma have improved with the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy to radiation therapy followed by adjuvant TMZ for up to 1 year. Patients often wish to continue chemotherapy after the standard 1-year course. Whether to continue or to stop TMZ is a complex and stressful decision for the patient and family, and the decision should be based on a discussion of the known risks and benefits of each choice.
Collapse
|
22
|
Baehring JM, Marks PW. Treatment-related myelodysplasia in patients with primary brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:529-40. [PMID: 22459128 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML) represent rare secondary events in patients with primary tumors of the nervous system and predominantly affect those treated with alkylating agents or topoisomerase II inhibitors. Temozolomide has become the standard chemotherapeutic agent for malignant gliomas. The emergence of this alkylating agent with little acute toxicity or cumulative myelosuppression has led to off-label protracted chemotherapy for many patients with malignant and even low-grade infiltrative gliomas, raising concern for increased risk of t-MDS/t-AML in the few long-term survivors. On the basis of an extensive literature search, we provide a discussion of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapy of these disorders. t-MDS/t-AML remain rare complications of chemotherapy in patients with primary brain tumors, and the vast majority of patients die of their primary neoplasm. Prospective randomized studies with long-term follow-up are required to accurately assess the risk of t-MDS/t-AML; however, unless survival in the most common gliomas substantially increases, t-MDS/t-AML incidence will likely remain low in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim M Baehring
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Section of Hematology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Marosi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hematologic adverse events associated with temozolomide. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:107-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
NK314 potentiates antitumor activity with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma cells by inhibition of dual targets on topoisomerase II{alpha} and DNA-dependent protein kinase. Blood 2011; 117:3575-84. [PMID: 21245486 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-270439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive disease, incurable by standard chemotherapy. NK314, a new anticancer agent possessing inhibitory activity specific for topoisomerase IIα (Top2α), inhibited the growth of various ATL cell lines (50% inhibitory concentration: 23-70nM) with more potent activity than that of etoposide. In addition to the induction of DNA double-strand breaks by inhibition of Top2α, NK314 induced degradation of the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), resulting in impaired DNA double-strand break repair. The contribution of DNA-PK to inhibition of cell growth was affirmed by the following results: NK314 inhibited cell growth of M059J (a DNA-PKcs-deficient cell line) and M059K (a cell line with DNA-PKcs present) with the same potency, whereas etoposide exhibited weak inhibition of cell growth with M059K cells. A DNA-PK specific inhibitor, NU7026, enhanced inhibitory activity of etoposide on M059K as well as on ATL cells. These results suggest that NK314 is a dual inhibitor of Top2α and DNA-PK. Because ATL cells express a high amount of DNA-PKcs, NK314 as a dual molecular targeting anticancer agent is a potential therapeutic tool for treatment of ATL.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bartels U, Baruchel S, Carret A, Crooks B, Hukin J, Johnston D, Silva M, Strother D, Wilson B, Zelcer S, Eisenstat D, Sung L, Bouffet E. The use and effectiveness of temozolomide in children with central nervous system tumours: a survey from the Canadian Paediatric Brain Tumour Consortium. Curr Oncol 2011; 18:e19-24. [PMID: 21331268 PMCID: PMC3031361 DOI: 10.3747/co.v18i1.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the use of temozolomide (tmz) in Canadian children treated for brain tumours and to evaluate survival and predictors of survival for children treated with this agent. METHODS A survey was conducted within the Canadian Paediatric Brain Tumour Consortium (cpbtc), a group of tertiary care centres in pediatric neuro-oncology (n = 16) in Canada that are involved in the treatment of children with central nervous system tumours. RESULTS In 10 of the 16 participating pediatric oncology centres of the cpbtc, 137 children with brain tumours were treated with tmz between January 2000 and March 2006. Although 33% of the children were enrolled into a clinical trial, 67% were treated outside open studies. Most patients (72%) received tmz treatment on recurrence of their brain tumour (first or subsequent). The most commonly administered regimen was single-agent tmz 150-200 mg/m(2) administered on 5 consecutive days every 28 days. The median duration of tmz treatment was 141 days (range: 4-1102 days). Response data were provided for 127 of the 137 patients, of whom 6 showed a complete response. Sixteen patients experienced a minor or partial response, 53 had stable disease, and 52 had progressive disease. Of 32 patients alive at last follow-up, 19 had a diagnosis of low-grade glioma. CONCLUSIONS Temozolomide is used in a variety of pediatric brain tumours, often at the time of recurrence. The lack of insight into clear indications for this agent in pediatric brain tumours-used either alone or in combination therapy-may be a result of suboptimal design of phase i and ii studies and a lack of phase iii trials in the pediatric brain tumour population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. Hukin
- British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - D. Johnston
- Children’s Hospital of Easter n Ontario, Ottawa, ON
| | - M. Silva
- Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
| | - D. Strother
- University of Calgary, Alberta Hospital, Calgary, AB
| | - B. Wilson
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB
| | - S. Zelcer
- Children’s Hospital of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | | | - L. Sung
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Braoudaki M, Tsangaris GT, Karamolegou K, Anagnostopoulos AK, Prodromou N, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F. Proteomic profile of a therapy related acute myeloid leukemia following brain tumor. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:2306-9. [PMID: 20929333 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.518656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
28
|
Momota H, Narita Y, Miyakita Y, Hosono A, Makimoto A, Shibui S. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia after temozolomide treatment for anaplastic astrocytoma in a child with a germline TP53 mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:577-9. [PMID: 20658636 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a 12-year-old female with a germline TP53 mutation who presented with anaplastic astrocytoma and subsequent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 13 months after starting treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). The patient had no family history of malignancy except her grand father and his siblings. Although alkylating agents such as TMZ are known to induce secondary hematologic malignancy, only several cases of treatment-related acute leukemia have been reported after TMZ-alone chemotherapy for malignant gliomas. We demonstrate a rare case of TMZ-related ALL in a child with glioma possibly associated with a germline TP53 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Momota
- Neurosurgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shaikh AJ, Masood N. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia subsequent to temozolomide use in a 26-year-old man: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2010; 4:274. [PMID: 20718954 PMCID: PMC2931525 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We report the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient in whom temozolomide was used for the treatment of a brain tumor. Unlike that of other alkylating agents, the leukemogenic potential of temozolomide is considered to be very low, and very rarely are such cases reported. Case Presentation A 26-year-old Pakistani man who was treated for glioblastoma with temozolomide in an adjuvant setting was diagnosed to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia one year after stopping temozolomide. Conclusion Temozolomide is a highly active agent, used in the management of high-grade brain neoplasms. The agent is generally regarded to be safe, with an acceptable safety profile. Very few cases of myelodysplasia associated with temozolomide use have been reported. We report here the first case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which developed in a young man about one year after he finished taking temozolomide. This should provide further insight into a possible toxicity profile of this alkylating agent. This finding should be of interest to physicians in general and to medical oncologists in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Jamal Shaikh
- Section of Medical Oncology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Neyns B, Tosoni A, Hwu WJ, Reardon DA. Dose-dense temozolomide regimens: antitumor activity, toxicity, and immunomodulatory effects. Cancer 2010; 116:2868-77. [PMID: 20564393 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent with established antitumor activity in patients with primary brain tumors and melanoma. The originally approved temozolomide dosing regimen is 150 to 200 mg/m(2) per day (Days 1 to 5 every 28-day cycle [5 of 28 days]). However, extended dosing regimens (eg, 7 of 14 days, 21 of 28 days, 6 of 8 weeks, or continuously daily) allow for administration of a higher cumulative dose per cycle and have been shown to deplete O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, which may enhance cytotoxic activity. This article reviews efficacy and safety data from studies that investigated dose-dense temozolomide regimens in patients with recurrent glioma and advanced metastatic melanoma. The clinical benefits of these dose-dense regimens compared with the standard 5 of 28-day regimen have yet to be established. Although the toxicity profile of dose-dense temozolomide is generally similar to that of the standard 5 of 28-day regimen, it is associated with an increased incidence and severity of lymphocytopenia. The clinical management of temozolomide-associated lymphodepletion and the potential risks and benefits of extended dosing with temozolomide are discussed. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that temozolomide-associated lymphodepletion may enhance the host immune response to tumor-associated antigens and/or immunotherapy and may overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Further studies exploring the clinical implications of lymphodepletion are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Temozolomide-induced myelodysplasia. Adv Hematol 2010; 2010:760402. [PMID: 20224797 PMCID: PMC2833319 DOI: 10.1155/2010/760402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient who had received temozolomide (TMZ) as a single agent in treatment of malignant glioma developed therapy-induced myelodysplasia (T-MDS). TMZ is an orally active imidazotetrazine which methylates guanine residues in DNA, ultimately causing single and double-strand DNA breaks leading to apoptotic cell death. TMZ does not chemically cross-link DNA and is considered a nonclassical alkylating agent, similar in structure and activity to dacarbazine. Observations on this patient, and on similarly treated others, suggest that the cumulative dose threshold (CDT) for TMZ that predisposes to T-MDS and which may potentially lead to acute myeloid leukemia (T-AML) is around 18000 to 20000 mg/sq m. Although the incidence of T-MDS and the predisposing CDT of TMZ may differ from that of other potentially leukemogenic compounds currently and formerly used as chemotherapeutic agents, all alkylating agents, including TMZ, should be considered potentially leukemogenic when administered long term.
Collapse
|
32
|
Armstrong TS, Cao Y, Scheurer ME, Vera-Bolaños E, Manning R, Okcu MF, Bondy M, Zhou R, Gilbert MR. Risk analysis of severe myelotoxicity with temozolomide: the effects of clinical and genetic factors. Neuro Oncol 2010; 11:825-32. [PMID: 19179423 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A benefit of temozolomide (TMZ) is that myelotoxicity is uncommon. Recently, several small series have reported significant myelotoxicity resulting in treatment delays or death. The ability to predict risk of myelotoxicity may influence patient care. We retrospectively reviewed 680 malignant glioma patients and developed a clinical risk formula for myelotoxicity for each gender by logistic regression. The variables that remained were assigned a score of 1 and added together for a final risk score. Women experienced more myelotoxicity than did men (p = 0.015). For males, risk factors included body surface area (BSA) > or = 2 m(2) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.712, p = 0.04), not on steroids (OR = 2.214, p = 0.06), and on bowel medication (OR = 3.955, p = 0.008). For females, final factors included no prior chemotherapy (OR = 3.727, p = 0.001), creatinine > or = 1 mg/dl (OR = 6.08, p = 0.002), platelets < 270,000/mm(3) (OR = 2.438, p = 0.03), BSA < 2 m(2) (OR = 4.178, p = 0.04), not on medication for gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR = 2.942, p = 0.01), and on analgesics (OR = 2.169, p = 0.05). Age was included because of observable trends. Risk of developing myelotoxicity ranged from 0% to 33% (male) and from 0% to 100% (females). Polymorphisms in NQO1 (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1), MGMT (O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase), and GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi 1) were related to risk of developing myelotoxicity in a subset of patients. Myelotoxicity with TMZ is a significant clinical issue for those at risk. Use of a clinical model to predict risk and evaluation of identified genetic polymorphisms related to myelotoxicity may allow for individualized dosing, optimizing patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri S Armstrong
- Department of Integrative Nursing Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Nursing, Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sharma A, Gupta D, Mohanti BK, Thulkar S, Dwary A, Goyal S, Muzumder S, Das P. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma following temozolomide. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:661-2. [PMID: 19533661 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent with significant activity against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and melanoma. It increases survival by 2.5 months when used in combination with radiotherapy as an adjuvant therapy in GBM. Secondary MDS/AML or non-Hodgkin lymphoma attributed to TMZ exposure has been reported. We report a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma secondary to temozolomide in a 20-year-old female who was treated for GBM with concurrent TMZ and radiotherapy. She developed lymphoma 2 months after completing chemoradiotherapy. Although she was treated with combination chemotherapy for lymphoma, she died of progressive GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr BRA Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Villano JL, Seery TE, Bressler LR. Temozolomide in malignant gliomas: current use and future targets. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 64:647-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
36
|
Khasraw M, Bell D, Wheeler H. Long-term use of temozolomide: Could you use temozolomide safely for life in gliomas? J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16:854-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
37
|
Extended exposure to alkylator chemotherapy: delayed appearance of myelodysplasia. J Neurooncol 2008; 93:229-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Temozolomide is an effective alkylating agent that is increasingly used for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Secondary, or treatment-related, myelodysplasia is a life-threatening complication of alkylating chemotherapy and has been reported in children with brain tumors after treatments other than temozolomide. We describe for the first time a case of temozolomide-related myelodysplasia in a child.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kushner BH, Laquaglia MP, Kramer K, Modak S, Cheung NKV. Recurrent metastatic neuroblastoma followed by myelodysplastic syndrome: possible leukemogenic role of temozolomide. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 51:552-4. [PMID: 18570300 PMCID: PMC4010138 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year old child had a pelvic MYCN-nonamplified neuroblastoma (NB) with retroperitoneal nodal extension. Multi-modality therapy achieved complete remission (CR). Small recurrences confined to left supraclavicular nodes were treated with surgery alone at 4.9, 6.5, 7.5, 9.5, and 12.9 years from diagnosis. Monitoring through 12 months after the last resection showed CR. When she returned 34 months later (16.8 years from diagnosis), she had massive disease in the left neck and upper trunk, without osteomedullary metastases. Salvage therapy featured 11 cycles of temozolomide. She developed myelodysplastic syndrome with 45,XX,der(7)t(7;21) (p15;q11),-21 at age 24 and refused treatment; 19 months later she was transfusion-dependent but her NB remained in CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. Tel: 212-639-6793. Fax: 212-717-3239,Corresponding author: Brian H. Kushner, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, Tel: 212-639-6793, Fax: 212-717-3239,
| | - Michael P. Laquaglia
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. Tel: 212-639-7002. Fax: 212-717-3373
| | - Kim Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. Tel: 212-639-6410. Fax: 212-744-2245
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. Tel: 212-639-7623. Fax: 212-744-2245
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. Tel: 646-888-2313. Fax: 212-744-2245
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Neyns B, Cordera S, Joosens E, Nader P. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Patients With Glioma Treated With Temozolomide. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4518-9. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.18.8177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Neyns
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Joosens
- ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Schiff D. Temozolomide and radiation in low-grade and anaplastic gliomas: temoradiation. Cancer Invest 2007; 25:776-84. [PMID: 17952745 DOI: 10.1080/07357900701509403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently completed trials suggest the addition of nitrosourea-based chemotherapy to radiotherapy increases the progression-free but not overall survival of grade II and III gliomas. Temozolomide has proven benefit in grade II/III gliomas progressive following standard therapy and when added to radiation for glioblastoma. Newly launched and planned phase III trials will explore whether the addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy improves overall survival in grade II/III as well as the prognostic and predictive value of 1p/19q analyses and MGMT promotor methylation status. Additionally, they will measure cognition and quality of life to determine if improvements in time to progression translate into better functional status and patient satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Schiff
- Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Singhal N, Selva-Nayagam S, Brown MP. Prolonged and severe myelosuppression in two patients after low-dose temozolomide treatment- case study and review of literature. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:229-30. [PMID: 17530175 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent used frequently in the management of gliomas. Although temozolomide is generally safe, rarely it can cause life threatening complications. Here we report the cases of two patients who developed prolonged and severe pancytopenia after low dose continuous temozolomide concurrently with cranial radiotherapy. The pancytopenia lasted two to six months. Both the patients were young, treatment naïve, and had temozolomide treatment for only approximately four weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimit Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jalali R, Singh P, Menon H, Gujral S. Unexpected case of aplastic anemia in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme treated with Temozolomide. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:105-7. [PMID: 17505778 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with surgery followed by concomitant Temozolomide (TMZ) and external beam radiation, which she tolerated well without any interruptions. However, when she was being evaluated for adjuvant Temozolomide, she developed progressive decline in leukocyte counts and platelet counts and subsequently, febrile neutropenia with bleeding manifestations. A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy done showed a gross hypocellular bone marrow with very few erythriod and myeloid cells and no suggestion of progenitor cells, consistent with aplastic anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jalali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 116 Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Nearly two-thirds of gliomas are highly malignant lesions that account for a disproportionate share of brain tumor-related morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances, two-year survival for glioblastoma with optimal therapy is less than 30%. Even among patients with low-grade gliomas that confer a relatively good prognosis, treatment is almost never curative. REVIEW SUMMARY Surgery and radiation have been the mainstays of therapy for most glioma patients, but temozolomide chemotherapy has recently been proven to prolong overall survival in patients with glioblastoma. Intriguing data suggests that activity of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), in tumor cells may predict responsiveness to temozolomide and other alkylating agents. Novel treatment approaches, especially targeted molecular therapies against critical components of glioma signaling pathways, appear promising in preliminary studies. Optimal treatment for patients with low-grade gliomas has yet to be determined. Advances in oligodendroglioma biology have identified loss of chromosomes 1p and 19q as powerful indicators of a favorable prognosis. These same changes may predict response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Though the prognosis for many patients with gliomas is poor, the last decade produced a number of important advances, some of which have translated directly into survival benefits. Rapid progress in the field of glioma molecular biology continues to identify therapeutic targets and provide hope for the future of this challenging disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Norden
- Division of Cancer Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Center For Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|