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Tabnak P, Hasanzade Bashkandi A, Ebrahimnezhad M, Soleimani M. Forkhead box transcription factors (FOXOs and FOXM1) in glioma: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:238. [PMID: 37821870 PMCID: PMC10568859 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive and malignant type of primary brain tumor, comprises the majority of central nervous system deaths, and is categorized into different subgroups according to its histological characteristics, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and mixed tumors. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors comprise a collection of proteins that play various roles in numerous complex molecular cascades and have been discovered to be differentially expressed in distinct glioma subtypes. FOXM1 and FOXOs have been recognized as crucial transcription factors in tumor cells, including glioma cells. Accumulating data indicates that FOXM1 acts as an oncogene in various types of cancers, and a significant part of studies has investigated its function in glioma. Although recent studies considered FOXO subgroups as tumor suppressors, there are pieces of evidence that they may have an oncogenic role. This review will discuss the subtle functions of FOXOs and FOXM1 in gliomas, dissecting their regulatory network with other proteins, microRNAs and their role in glioma progression, including stem cell differentiation and therapy resistance/sensitivity, alongside highlighting recent pharmacological progress for modulating their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Tabnak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Soleimani
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Helweg LP, Storm J, Witte KE, Schulten W, Wrachtrup L, Janotte T, Kitke A, Greiner JFW, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt B, Simon M, Kaltschmidt C. Targeting Key Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma Stem Cells for the Development of Efficient Chemo- and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12919. [PMID: 36361720 PMCID: PMC9659205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and most common malignant brain tumor with poor patient survival despite therapeutic intervention. On the cellular level, GBM comprises a rare population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), driving therapeutic resistance, invasion, and recurrence. GSCs have thus come into the focus of therapeutic strategies, although their targeting remains challenging. In the present study, we took advantage of three GSCs-populations recently established in our lab to investigate key signaling pathways and subsequent therapeutic strategies targeting GSCs. We observed that NF-κB, a crucial transcription factor in GBM progression, was expressed in all CD44+/CD133+/Nestin+-GSC-populations. Exposure to TNFα led to activation of NF-κB-RELA and/or NF-κB-c-REL, depending on the GBM type. GSCs further expressed the proto-oncogene MYC family, with MYChigh GSCs being predominantly located in the tumor spheres ("GROW"-state) while NF-κB-RELAhigh GSCs were migrating out of the sphere ("GO"-state). We efficiently targeted GSCs by the pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB using PTDC/Bortezomib or inhibition of MYC by KJ-Pyr-9, which significantly reduced GSC-viability, even in comparison to the standard chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide. As an additional cell-therapeutic strategy, we showed that NK cells could kill GSCs. Our findings offer new perspectives for developing efficient patient-specific chemo- and immunotherapy against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen P. Helweg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jonathan Storm
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kaya E. Witte
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schulten
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennart Wrachtrup
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Till Janotte
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Angelika Kitke
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
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Alkailani MI, Aittaleb M, Tissir F. WNT signaling at the intersection between neurogenesis and brain tumorigenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017568. [PMID: 36267699 PMCID: PMC9577257 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and tumorigenesis share signaling molecules/pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. Self-renewal of neural stem cells is a tightly regulated process that secures the accuracy of cell division and eliminates cells that undergo mitotic errors. Abnormalities in the molecular mechanisms controlling this process can trigger aneuploidy and genome instability, leading to neoplastic transformation. Mutations that affect cell adhesion, polarity, or migration enhance the invasive potential and favor the progression of tumors. Here, we review recent evidence of the WNT pathway’s involvement in both neurogenesis and tumorigenesis and discuss the experimental progress on therapeutic opportunities targeting components of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa I. Alkailani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Aittaleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadel Tissir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Fadel Tissir,
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MYCN and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174113. [PMID: 36077650 PMCID: PMC9455056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer responsible for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Aberrant MYCN activation, as a result of genomic MYCN amplification, is a major driver of high-risk neuroblastoma, which has an overall survival rate of less than 50%, despite the best treatments currently available. Metabolic reprogramming is an integral part of the growth-promoting program driven by MYCN, which fuels cell growth and proliferation by increasing the uptake and catabolism of nutrients, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy. This reprogramming process also generates metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapy. In this review, we present our current understanding of metabolic reprogramming in neuroblastoma, focusing on transcriptional regulation as a key mechanism in driving the reprogramming process. We also highlight some important areas that need to be explored for the successful development of metabolism-based therapy against high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Hua T, Zeng Z, Chen J, Xue Y, Li Y, Sang Q. Human Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Antigens as Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153685. [PMID: 35954348 PMCID: PMC9367328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a deadly type of human pediatric brain cancer without effective treatments. ATRT is mainly linked to the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene, SMARCB1; however, additional biomarkers remain to be identified to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Therefore, different tumor antigens and extracellular matrix modulators were investigated in two human ATRT and one kidney malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines and compared with the nonmalignant HEK293 cell line. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mucin-16 (MUC16 or cancer antigen 125/CA125), osteopontin (OPN), and mesothelin (MSLN) are highly expressed in these human malignant rhabdoid cancer cell lines. Inhibiting MMPs using a small-molecule inhibitor decreased cell survival. This biomarker discovery process may lead to the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, such as the development of targeted and immunotherapies against cancer biomarkers, to treat cancer patients. Abstract Introduction: Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a lethal type of malignant rhabdoid tumor in the brain, seen mostly in children under two years old. ATRT is mainly linked to the biallelic inactivation of the SMARCB1 gene. To understand the deadly characteristics of ATRT and develop novel diagnostic and immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of ATRT, this study investigated tumor antigens, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mucin-16 (MUC16/CA125), and osteopontin (OPN), and extracellular matrix modulators, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in different human malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines. In addition, the roles of MMPs were also examined. Materials and methods: Five human cell lines were chosen for this study, including two ATRT cell lines, CHLA-02-ATRT and CHLA-05-ATRT; a kidney malignant rhabdoid tumor cell line, G401; and two control cell lines, human embryonic kidney HEK293 and HEK293T. Both ATRT cell lines were treated with a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, GM6001, to investigate the effect of MMPs on cell proliferation, viability, and expression of tumor antigens and biomarkers. Gene expression was examined using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression was characterized by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Results: All the rhabdoid tumor cell lines tested had high gene expression levels of MUC16, OPN, AFP, and MSLN. Low expression levels of neuron-specific enolase (ENO2) by the two ATRT cell lines demonstrated their lack of neuronal genotype. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) were highly expressed in these malignant rhabdoid tumor cells, indicating their invasive phenotypes. GM6001 significantly decreased ATRT cell proliferation and the gene expression of MSLN, OPN, and several mesenchymal markers, suggesting that inhibition of MMPs may reduce the aggressiveness of rhabdoid cancer cells. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study may advance our knowledge of the molecular landscapes of human malignant rhabdoid tumors and their biomarkers for effective diagnosis and treatment. This work analyzed the expression of human malignant rhabdoid tumor antigens that may serve as biomarkers for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, such as cancer vaccines and targeted and immunotherapies targeting osteopontin and mesothelin, for the treatment of patients with ATRT and other malignant rhabdoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junji Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6046, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Qingxiang Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-644-8683; Fax: +1-850-644-8281
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Li Y, Feng R, Yu X, Li L, Liu Y, Zhang R, Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu Z. SLC35E2 promoter mutation as a prognostic marker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2022; 296:120447. [PMID: 35247439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest digestive tract cancer with poor prognosis. In our previous comprehensive genomics study, we identified that hotspot mutations in the solute carrier family 35 member E2 (SLC35E2) promoter region was significantly associated with worse prognosis in patients with ESCC. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of SLC35E2 remains unclear. This study was to investigate the malignant function and mechanism of SLC35E2 in ESCC. MAIN METHODS Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to assess the expression of SLC35E2 in ESCC cell lines. Luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to assess the transcriptional inhibition of KLF4. Incucyte cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay and subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice were used to assess the malignant function of SLC35E2. KEY FINDINGS SLC35E2 can promote ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcriptional repressor in ESCC, binds to the SLC35E2 promoter and represses the expression of SLC35E2. The transcriptional suppression of KLF4 can be blocked by the mutation at -118 site of the SLC35E2 promoter. Besides, the accumulation of SLC35E2 expression contributes to the malignant phenotype of ESCC. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that SLC35E2 may be used as a biomarker for prognosis as well as a therapeutic target for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Riyue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiankai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Aguilar-Morante D, Gómez-Cabello D, Quek H, Liu T, Hamerlik P, Lim YC. Therapeutic Opportunities of Disrupting Genome Integrity in Adult Diffuse Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020332. [PMID: 35203541 PMCID: PMC8869545 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult diffuse glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system. The existential threat of this disease requires on-going treatment to counteract tumor progression. The present outcome is discouraging as most patients will succumb to this disease. The low cure rate is consistent with the failure of first-line therapy, radiation and temozolomide (TMZ). Even with their therapeutic mechanism of action to incur lethal DNA lesions, tumor growth remains undeterred. Delivering additional treatments only delays the inescapable development of therapeutic tolerance and disease recurrence. The urgency of establishing lifelong tumor control needs to be re-examined with a greater focus on eliminating resistance. Early genomic and transcriptome studies suggest each tumor subtype possesses a unique molecular network to safeguard genome integrity. Subsequent seminal work on post-therapy tumor progression sheds light on the involvement of DNA repair as the causative contributor for hypermutation and therapeutic failure. In this review, we will provide an overview of known molecular factors that influence the engagement of different DNA repair pathways, including targetable vulnerabilities, which can be exploited for clinical benefit with the use of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Hazel Quek
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | | | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society, 2100 København, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-257-413
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Lv SQ, Fu Z, Yang L, Li QR, Zhu J, Gai QJ, Mao M, He J, Qin Y, Yao XX, Lan X, Wang YX, Lu HM, Xiang Y, Zhang ZX, Huang GH, Yang W, Kang P, Sun Z, Shi Y, Yao XH, Bian XW, Wang Y. Comprehensive omics analyses profile genesets related with tumor heterogeneity of multifocal glioblastomas and reveal LIF/CCL2 as biomarkers for mesenchymal subtype. Theranostics 2022; 12:459-473. [PMID: 34987659 PMCID: PMC8690928 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Around 10%-20% patients with glioblastoma (GBM) are diagnosed with more than one tumor lesions or multifocal GBM (mGBM). However, the understanding on genetic, DNA methylomic, and transcriptomic characteristics of mGBM is still limited. Methods: In this study, we collected nine tumor foci from three mGBM patients followed by whole genome sequencing, whole genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. The data were further examined using public GBM databases and GBM cell line. Results: Analysis on genetic data confirmed common features of GBM, including gain of chr.7 and loss of chr.10, loss of critical tumor suppressors, high frequency of PDGFA and EGFR amplification. Through profiling DNA methylome of individual tumor foci, we found that promoter methylation status of genes involved in detection of chemical stimulus, immune response, and Hippo/YAP1 pathway was significantly changed in mGBM. Although both CNV and promoter methylation alteration were involved in heterogeneity of different tumor foci from same patients, more CNV events than promoter hypomethylation events were shared by different tumor foci, implying CNV were relatively earlier than promoter methylation alteration during evolution of different tumor foci from same mGBM. Moreover, different tumor foci from same mGBM assumed different molecular subtypes and mesenchymal subtype was prevalent in mGBM, which might explain the worse prognosis of mGBM than single GBM. Interestingly, we noticed that LIF and CCL2 was tightly correlated with mesenchymal subtype tumor focus in mGBM and predicted poor survival of GBM patients. Treatment with LIF and CCL2 produced mesenchymal-like transcriptome in GBM cells. Conclusions: Together, our work herein comprehensively profiled multi-omics features of mGBM and emphasized that components of extracellular microenvironment, such as LIF and CCL2, contributed to the evolution and prognosis of tumor foci in mGBM patients.
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9
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Gargini R, Segura-Collar B, Garranzo-Asensio M, Hortigüela R, Iglesias-Hernández P, Lobato-Alonso D, Moreno-Raja M, Esteban-Martin S, Sepúlveda-Sánchez JM, Nevola L, Sánchez-Gómez P. IDP-410: a Novel Therapeutic Peptide that Alters N-MYC Stability and Reduces Angiogenesis and Tumor Progression in Glioblastomas. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:408-420. [PMID: 35099769 PMCID: PMC9130446 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most frequent and highly aggressive brain tumors, being resistant to all cytotoxic and molecularly targeted agents tested so far. There is, therefore, an urgent need to find novel therapeutic approaches and/or alternative targets to bring treatment options to patients. Here, we first show that GBMs express high levels of N-MYC protein, a transcription factor involved in normal brain development. A novel stapled peptide designed to specifically target N-MYC protein monomer, IDP-410, is able to impair the formation of N-MYC/MAX complex and reduce the stability of N-MYC itself. As a result, the viability of GBM cells is compromised. Moreover, the efficacy is found dependent on the levels of expression of N-MYC. Finally, we demonstrate that IDP-410 reduces GBM growth in vivo when administered systemically, both in subcutaneous and intracranial xenografts, reducing the vascularization of the tumors, highlighting a potential relationship between the function of N-MYC and the expression of mesenchymal/angiogenic genes. Overall, our results strengthen the view of N-MYC as a therapeutic target in GBM and strongly suggest that IDP-410 could be further developed to become a first-in-class inhibitor of N-MYC protein, affecting not only tumor cell proliferation and survival, but also the interplay between GBM cells and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gargini
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Rafael Hortigüela
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Sradhanjali S, Rout P, Tripathy D, Kaliki S, Rath S, Modak R, Mittal R, Chowdary TK, Reddy MM. The Oncogene MYCN Modulates Glycolytic and Invasive Genes to Enhance Cell Viability and Migration in Human Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205248. [PMID: 34680394 PMCID: PMC8533785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is usually initiated by biallelic RB1 gene inactivation. In addition, MYCN copy number alterations also contribute to RB pathogenesis. However, MYCN expression, its role in disease progression and correlation with RB histological risk factors are not well understood. We studied the expression of MYCN in enucleated RB patient specimens by immunohistochemistry. MYCN is overexpressed in RB compared to control retina. Our microarray gene expression analysis followed by qRT-PCR validation revealed that genes involved in glucose metabolism and migration are significantly downregulated in MYCN knockdown cells. Further, targeting MYCN in RB cells using small molecule compounds or shRNAs led to decreased cell survival and migration, increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting that MYCN inhibition can be a potential therapeutic strategy. We also noted that MYCN inhibition results in reduction in glucose uptake, lactate production, ROS levels and gelatinolytic activity of active-MMP9, explaining a possible mechanism of MYCN in RB. Taking clues from our findings, we tested a combination treatment of RB cells with carboplatin and MYCN inhibitors to find enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to single drug treatment. Thus, MYCN inhibition can be a potential therapeutic strategy in combination with existing chemotherapy drugs to restrict tumor cell growth in RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatishree Sradhanjali
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (S.S.); (P.R.)
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
| | - Padmalochan Rout
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (S.S.); (P.R.)
- Novo Nordisk, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Devjyoti Tripathy
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (D.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India;
| | - Suryasnata Rath
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (D.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Rahul Modak
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
| | - Ruchi Mittal
- Kanupriya Dalmia Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Tirumala Kumar Chowdary
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Mamatha M. Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (S.S.); (P.R.)
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-674-3987175
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11
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Zhao HF, Zhou XM, Wang J, Chen FF, Wu CP, Diao PY, Cai LR, Chen L, Xu YW, Liu J, Li ZY, Liu WL, Chen ZP, Huang GD, Li WP. Identification of prognostic values defined by copy number variation, mRNA and protein expression of LANCL2 and EGFR in glioblastoma patients. J Transl Med 2021; 19:372. [PMID: 34461927 PMCID: PMC8404333 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LanCL2) genes locate in the same amplicon, and co-amplification of EGFR and LANCL2 is frequent in glioblastoma. However, the prognostic value of LANCL2 and EGFR co-amplification, and their mRNA and protein expression in glioblastoma remain unclear yet. METHODS This study analyzed the prognostic values of the copy number variations (CNVs), mRNA and protein expression of LANCL2 and EGFR in 575 glioblastoma patients in TCGA database and 100 glioblastoma patients in tumor banks of the Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. RESULTS The amplification of LANCL2 or EGFR, and their co-amplification were frequent in glioblastoma of TCGA database and our tumor banks. A significant correlation was found between the CNVs of LANCL2 and EGFR (p < 0.001). CNVs of LANCL2 or EGFR were significantly correlated with IDH1/2 mutation but not MGMT promoter methylation. Multivariate analysis showed that LANCL2 amplification was significantly correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) in younger (< 60 years) glioblastoma patients of TCGA database (p = 0.043, HR = 1.657) and our tumor banks (p = 0.018, HR = 2.199). However, LANCL2 or EGFR amplification, and their co-amplification had no significant impact on OS in older (≥ 60 years) or IDH1/2-wild-type glioblastoma patients. mRNA and protein overexpression of LANCL2 and EGFR was also frequently found in glioblastoma. The mRNA expression rather than the protein expression of LANCL2 and EGFR was positively correlated (p < 0.001). However, mRNA or protein expression of EGFR and LANCL2 was not significantly correlated with OS of glioblastoma patients. The protein expression level of LANCL2, rather than EGFR, was elevated in relapsing glioblastoma, compared with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. In addition, the intracellular localization of LanCL2, not EGFR, was associated with the grade of gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, amplification and mRNA overexpression of LANCL2 and EGFR, and their co-amplification and co-expression were frequent in glioblastoma patients. Our findings suggest that amplification of LANCL2 and EGFR were the independent diagnostic biomarkers for glioblastoma patients, and LANCL2 amplification was a significant prognostic factor for OS in younger glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510510, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fan-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Chang-Peng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Peng-Yu Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Lin-Rong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yan-Wen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zong-Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wen-Lan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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12
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Ramdzan ZM, Vickridge E, Faraco CCF, Nepveu A. CUT Domain Proteins in DNA Repair and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122953. [PMID: 34204734 PMCID: PMC8231510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genetic integrity is ensured by complex groups of proteins involved in DNA repair. In particular, base damage is repaired by enzymes of the base excision repair pathway. Recent studies have revealed that some transcription factors can function as accessory factors that stimulate the enzymatic activities of these DNA repair enzymes. It is well known that defects in DNA repair mechanisms cause the accumulation of changes in DNA, called mutations, that increase the possibility that cells become tumorigenic. Paradoxically, once they have emerged certain cancer cells are acutely dependent on the heightened activities of base excision repair enzymes because their metabolism generates highly reactive molecules that cause multiple types of damage to bases. In this context, the function of accessory factors becomes essential to cancer cell survival. As a by-product of this adaptation, cancer cells become more resistant to therapies that cause DNA damage, such as chemotherapy and radiation. Abstract Recent studies revealed that CUT domains function as accessory factors that accelerate DNA repair by stimulating the enzymatic activities of the base excision repair enzymes OGG1, APE1, and DNA pol β. Strikingly, the role of CUT domain proteins in DNA repair is exploited by cancer cells to facilitate their survival. Cancer cells in which the RAS pathway is activated produce an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which, if not counterbalanced by increased production of antioxidants, causes sustained oxidative DNA damage and, ultimately, cell senescence. These cancer cells can adapt by increasing their capacity to repair oxidative DNA damage in part through elevated expression of CUT domain proteins such as CUX1, CUX2, or SATB1. In particular, CUX1 overexpression was shown to cooperate with RAS in the formation of mammary and lung tumors in mice. Conversely, knockdown of CUX1, CUX2, or SATB1 was found to be synthetic lethal in cancer cells exhibiting high ROS levels as a consequence of activating mutations in KRAS, HRAS, BRAF, or EGFR. Importantly, as a byproduct of their adaptation, cancer cells that overexpress CUT domain proteins exhibit increased resistance to genotoxic treatments such as ionizing radiation, temozolomide, and cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaidah M. Ramdzan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (Z.M.R.); (E.V.); (C.C.F.F.)
| | - Elise Vickridge
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (Z.M.R.); (E.V.); (C.C.F.F.)
| | - Camila C. F. Faraco
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (Z.M.R.); (E.V.); (C.C.F.F.)
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alain Nepveu
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (Z.M.R.); (E.V.); (C.C.F.F.)
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-398-5839; Fax: +514-398-6769
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13
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Liu Z, Chen SS, Clarke S, Veschi V, Thiele CJ. Targeting MYCN in Pediatric and Adult Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623679. [PMID: 33628735 PMCID: PMC7898977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the MYC family of oncogenes, including c-MYC, MYCN and MYCL occurs in many types of cancers, and is frequently associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of functional studies have focused on c-MYC due to its broad expression profile in human cancers. The existence of highly conserved functional domains between MYCN and c-MYC suggests that MYCN participates in similar activities. MYC encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (TF) whose central oncogenic role in many human cancers makes it a highly desirable therapeutic target. Historically, as a TF, MYC has been regarded as “undruggable”. Thus, recent efforts focus on investigating methods to indirectly target MYC to achieve anti-tumor effects. This review will primarily summarize the recent progress in understanding the function of MYCN. It will explore efforts at targeting MYCN, including strategies aimed at suppression of MYCN transcription, destabilization of MYCN protein, inhibition of MYCN transcriptional activity, repression of MYCN targets and utilization of MYCN overexpression dependent synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel S Chen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Saki Clarke
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Borgenvik A, Čančer M, Hutter S, Swartling FJ. Targeting MYCN in Molecularly Defined Malignant Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 10:626751. [PMID: 33585252 PMCID: PMC7877538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.626751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Misregulation of MYC genes, causing MYC overexpression or protein stabilization, is frequently found in malignant brain tumors highlighting their important roles as oncogenes. Brain tumors in children are the most lethal of all pediatric malignancies and the most common malignant primary adult brain tumor, glioblastoma, is still practically incurable. MYCN is one of three MYC family members and is crucial for normal brain development. It is associated with poor prognosis in many malignant pediatric brain tumor types and is focally amplified in specific adult brain tumors. Targeting MYCN has proved to be challenging due to its undruggable nature as a transcription factor and for its importance in regulating developmental programs also in healthy cells. In this review, we will discuss efforts made to circumvent the difficulty of targeting MYCN specifically by using direct or indirect measures to treat MYCN-driven brain tumors. We will further consider the mechanism of action of these measures and suggest which molecularly defined brain tumor patients that might benefit from MYCN-directed precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the development and progression of glioblastoma. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:522-537. [PMID: 33432111 PMCID: PMC7862665 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of the disease, glioblastoma (GB) continues to have limited treatment options and carries a dismal prognosis for patients. Efforts to stratify this heterogeneous malignancy using molecular classifiers identified frequent alterations in targetable proteins belonging to several pathways including the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. However, these findings have failed to improve clinical outcomes for patients. In almost all cases, GB becomes refractory to standard-of-care therapy, and recent evidence suggests that disease recurrence may be associated with a subpopulation of cells known as glioma stem cells (GSCs). Therefore, there remains a significant unmet need for novel therapeutic strategies. E3 ubiquitin ligases are a family of >700 proteins that conjugate ubiquitin to target proteins, resulting in an array of cellular responses, including DNA repair, pro-survival signalling and protein degradation. Ubiquitin modifications on target proteins are diverse, ranging from mono-ubiquitination through to the formation of polyubiquitin chains and mixed chains. The specificity in substrate tagging and chain elongation is dictated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, which have essential regulatory roles in multiple aspects of brain cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we begin by briefly summarising the histological and molecular classification of GB. We comprehensively describe the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in RTK and MAPK, as well as other, commonly altered, oncogenic and tumour suppressive signalling pathways in GB. We also describe the role of E3 ligases in maintaining glioma stem cell populations and their function in promoting resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy. Finally, we consider how our knowledge of E3 ligase biology may be used for future therapeutic interventions in GB, including the use of blood-brain barrier permeable proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs).
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16
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LNX1 Modulates Notch1 Signaling to Promote Expansion of the Glioma Stem Cell Population during Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123505. [PMID: 33255632 PMCID: PMC7759984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common adult malignant brain tumor. It is an aggressive tumor that returns even after surgical removal and temozolomide-based chemotherapy and radiation. Our goal was to understand what genes are altered by temozolomide and how those genes may contribute to tumor return. Our work shows that one of the genes altered is LNX1, which increases the expression of Notch1, a gene important for glioblastoma progression. We further showed that the elevation of LNX1 and Notch1 results in an increase in the tumor stem cell population, a subpopulation of cells thought to help propagate a more aggressive tumor. Finally, we showed that forced reduction in LNX1 expression results in increased survival of animals implanted with glioblastoma. Together, these results suggest that LNX1 may be a novel therapeutic target that would allow modulation of Notch1 activity and the stem cell population, potentially resulting in increased patient survival. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy in adults, with a 100% recurrence rate and 21-month median survival. Our lab and others have shown that GBM contains a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that expand during chemotherapy and may contribute to therapeutic resistance and recurrence in GBM. To investigate the mechanism behind this expansion, we applied gene set expression analysis (GSEA) to patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells in response to temozolomide (TMZ), the most commonly used chemotherapy against GBM. Results showed significant enrichment of cancer stem cell and cell cycle pathways (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.25). The ligand of numb protein 1 (LNX1), a known regulator of Notch signaling by targeting negative regulator Numb, is strongly upregulated after TMZ therapy (p < 0.0001) and is negatively correlated with survival of GBM patients. LNX1 is also upregulated after TMZ therapy in multiple PDX lines with concomitant downregulations in Numb and upregulations in intracellular Notch1 (NICD). Overexpression of LNX1 results in Notch1 signaling activation and increased GSC populations. In contrast, knocking down LNX1 reverses these changes, causing a significant downregulation of NICD, reduction in stemness after TMZ therapy, and resulting in more prolonged median survival in a mouse model. Based on this, we propose that during anti-GBM chemotherapy, LNX1-regulated Notch1 signaling promotes stemness and contributes to therapeutic resistance.
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17
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Wu C, Su J, Long W, Qin C, Wang X, Xiao K, Li Y, Xiao Q, Wang J, Pan Y, Liu Q. LINC00470 promotes tumour proliferation and invasion, and attenuates chemosensitivity through the LINC00470/miR-134/Myc/ABCC1 axis in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12094-12106. [PMID: 32916774 PMCID: PMC7579701 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumour in the brain; temozolomide (TMZ) is the most prevalent chemotherapeutic drug currently used to combat this cancer. We reported previously that the long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 470 (LINC00470) is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma and promotes the tumour growth in an intracranial transplantation mouse model. However, the effects of LINC00470 on glioma cell proliferation, invasion and TMZ chemosensitivity, as well as its molecular mechanism, remain unclear. In this study, we found elevated expression levels of LINC00470 and MYC in glioma tissues and cells and decreased expression of microRNA‐134 (miR‐134). Functional studies have shown that LINC00470 promotes proliferation and invasion, and attenuates chemosensitivity of glioma cells, while miR‐134 exerts the opposite effect. In the rescue experiments, the tumorigenic effect of LINC00470 was offset by miR‐134. In the mechanism study, we found that LINC00470 was a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR‐134 and that miR‐134 can directly target MYC and negatively regulate its expression. Furthermore, MYC was positively correlated with ATP‐binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) expression in glioma cells and MYC up‐regulated ABCC1 expression. Further studies found that LINC00470 regulated MYC by sponging miR‐134 to regulate the expression of ABCC1. We concluded that LINC00470 promoted the expression of MYC and ABCC1 by suppressing miR‐134, thus promoting glioma cell proliferation and invasion, and attenuating TMZ chemosensitivity. Moreover, the LINC00470/miR‐134/MYC/ABCC1 axis constitutes a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junquan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, Changsha, China
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18
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Sabelström H, Petri R, Shchors K, Jandial R, Schmidt C, Sacheva R, Masic S, Yuan E, Fenster T, Martinez M, Saxena S, Nicolaides TP, Ilkhanizadeh S, Berger MS, Snyder EY, Weiss WA, Jakobsson J, Persson AI. Driving Neuronal Differentiation through Reversal of an ERK1/2-miR-124-SOX9 Axis Abrogates Glioblastoma Aggressiveness. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2064-2079.e11. [PMID: 31433983 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying cellular programs that drive cancers to be stem-like and treatment resistant is critical to improving outcomes in patients. Here, we demonstrate that constitutive extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation sustains a stem-like state in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 activation restores neurogenesis during murine astrocytoma formation, inducing neuronal differentiation in tumorspheres. Constitutive ERK1/2 activation globally regulates miRNA expression in murine and human GBMs, while neuronal differentiation of GBM tumorspheres following the inhibition of ERK1/2 activation requires the functional expression of miR-124 and the depletion of its target gene SOX9. Overexpression of miR124 depletes SOX9 in vivo and promotes a stem-like-to-neuronal transition, with reduced tumorigenicity and increased radiation sensitivity. Providing a rationale for reports demonstrating miR-124-induced abrogation of GBM aggressiveness, we conclude that reversal of an ERK1/2-miR-124-SOX9 axis induces a neuronal phenotype and that enforcing neuronal differentiation represents a therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sabelström
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rebecca Petri
- Lab of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Ksenya Shchors
- ORD-Rinat, Pfizer, Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Christin Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rohit Sacheva
- Lab of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Selma Masic
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Edith Yuan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trenten Fenster
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael Martinez
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Supna Saxena
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore P Nicolaides
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Lab of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Anders I Persson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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19
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Cirotti C, Contadini C, Barilà D. SRC Kinase in Glioblastoma News from an Old Acquaintance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061558. [PMID: 32545574 PMCID: PMC7352599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most recalcitrant brain tumors characterized by a tumor microenvironment (TME) that strongly supports GBM growth, aggressiveness, invasiveness, and resistance to therapy. Importantly, a common feature of GBM is the aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and of their downstream signaling cascade, including the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC. SRC is a central downstream intermediate of many RTKs, which triggers the phosphorylation of many substrates, therefore, promoting the regulation of a wide range of different pathways involved in cell survival, adhesion, proliferation, motility, and angiogenesis. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, SRC constitutive activity promotes and sustains inflammation and metabolic reprogramming concurring with TME development, therefore, actively sustaining tumor growth. Here, we aim to provide an updated picture of the molecular pathways that link SRC to these events in GBM. In addition, SRC targeting strategies are discussed in order to highlight strengths and weaknesses of SRC inhibitors in GBM management, focusing our attention on their potentialities in combination with conventional therapeutic approaches (i.e., temozolomide) to ameliorate therapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Contadini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-0170-3168
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20
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Vaubel RA, Tian S, Remonde D, Schroeder MA, Mladek AC, Kitange GJ, Caron A, Kollmeyer TM, Grove R, Peng S, Carlson BL, Ma DJ, Sarkar G, Evers L, Decker PA, Yan H, Dhruv HD, Berens ME, Wang Q, Marin BM, Klee EW, Califano A, LaChance DH, Eckel-Passow JE, Verhaak RG, Sulman EP, Burns TC, Meyer FB, O'Neill BP, Tran NL, Giannini C, Jenkins RB, Parney IF, Sarkaria JN. Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Broad Panel of Patient-Derived Xenografts Reflects the Diversity of Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1094-1104. [PMID: 31852831 PMCID: PMC7056576 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most frequent and lethal primary brain tumor. Development of novel therapies relies on the availability of relevant preclinical models. We have established a panel of 96 glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and undertaken its genomic and phenotypic characterization. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PDXs were established from glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (n = 93), glioblastoma, IDH-mutant (n = 2), diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (n = 1), and both primary (n = 60) and recurrent (n = 34) tumors. Tumor growth rates, histopathology, and treatment response were characterized. Integrated molecular profiling was performed by whole-exome sequencing (WES, n = 83), RNA-sequencing (n = 68), and genome-wide methylation profiling (n = 76). WES data from 24 patient tumors was compared with derivative models. RESULTS PDXs recapitulate many key phenotypic and molecular features of patient tumors. Orthotopic PDXs show characteristic tumor morphology and invasion patterns, but largely lack microvascular proliferation and necrosis. PDXs capture common and rare molecular drivers, including alterations of TERT, EGFR, PTEN, TP53, BRAF, and IDH1, most at frequencies comparable with human glioblastoma. However, PDGFRA amplification was absent. RNA-sequencing and genome-wide methylation profiling demonstrated broad representation of glioblastoma molecular subtypes. MGMT promoter methylation correlated with increased survival in response to temozolomide. WES of 24 matched patient tumors showed preservation of most genetic driver alterations, including EGFR amplification. However, in four patient-PDX pairs, driver alterations were gained or lost on engraftment, consistent with clonal selection. CONCLUSIONS Our PDX panel captures the molecular heterogeneity of glioblastoma and recapitulates many salient genetic and phenotypic features. All models and genomic data are openly available to investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dioval Remonde
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sen Peng
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Evers
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roel G Verhaak
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Erik P Sulman
- New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
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21
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Zhang DY, Dmello C, Chen L, Arrieta VA, Gonzalez-Buendia E, Kane JR, Magnusson LP, Baran A, James CD, Horbinski C, Carpentier A, Desseaux C, Canney M, Muzzio M, Stupp R, Sonabend AM. Ultrasound-mediated Delivery of Paclitaxel for Glioma: A Comparative Study of Distribution, Toxicity, and Efficacy of Albumin-bound Versus Cremophor Formulations. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:477-486. [PMID: 31831565 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel shows little benefit in the treatment of glioma due to poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) with microbubble injection transiently disrupts the BBB allowing for improved drug delivery to the brain. We investigated the distribution, toxicity, and efficacy of LIPU delivery of two different formulations of paclitaxel, albumin-bound paclitaxel (ABX) and paclitaxel dissolved in cremophor (CrEL-PTX), in preclinical glioma models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The efficacy and biodistribution of ABX and CrEL-PTX were compared with and without LIPU delivery. Antiglioma activity was evaluated in nude mice bearing intracranial patient-derived glioma xenografts (PDX). Paclitaxel biodistribution was determined in sonicated and nonsonicated nude mice. Sonications were performed using a 1 MHz LIPU device (SonoCloud), and fluorescein was used to confirm and map BBB disruption. Toxicity of LIPU-delivered paclitaxel was assessed through clinical and histologic examination of treated mice. RESULTS Despite similar antiglioma activity in vitro, ABX extended survival over CrEL-PTX and untreated control mice with orthotropic PDX. Ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption enhanced paclitaxel brain concentration by 3- to 5-fold for both formulations and further augmented the therapeutic benefit of ABX. Repeated courses of LIPU-delivered CrEL-PTX and CrEL alone were lethal in 42% and 37.5% of mice, respectively, whereas similar delivery of ABX at an equivalent dose was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound delivery of paclitaxel across the BBB is a feasible and effective treatment for glioma. ABX is the preferred formulation for further investigation in the clinical setting due to its superior brain penetration and tolerability compared with CrEL-PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Buendia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa P Magnusson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aneta Baran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Carole Desseaux
- CarThera, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Michael Canney
- CarThera, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Miguel Muzzio
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. .,Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Behnan J, Finocchiaro G, Hanna G. The landscape of the mesenchymal signature in brain tumours. Brain 2019; 142:847-866. [PMID: 30946477 PMCID: PMC6485274 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and lethal variant of gliomas, is reflected by cellular and molecular heterogeneity at both the inter- and intra-tumoural levels. Molecular subtyping has arisen in the past two decades as a promising strategy to give better predictions of glioblastoma multiforme evolution, common disease pathways, and rational treatment options. The Cancer Genome Atlas network initially identified four molecular subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme: proneural, neural, mesenchymal and classical. However, further studies, also investigated glioma stem cells, have only identified two to three subtypes: proneural, mesenchymal and classical. The proneural-mesenchymal transition upon tumour recurrence has been suggested as a mechanism of tumour resistance to radiation and chemotherapy treatment. Glioblastoma multiforme patients with the mesenchymal subtype tend to survive shorter than other subtypes when analysis is restricted to samples with low transcriptional heterogeneity. Although the mesenchymal signature in malignant glioma may seem at odds with the common idea of the ectodermal origin of neural-glial lineages, the presence of the mesenchymal signature in glioma is supported by several studies suggesting that it can result from: (i) intrinsic expression of tumour cells affected with accumulated genetic mutations and cell of origin; (ii) tumour micro-environments with recruited macrophages or microglia, mesenchymal stem cells or pericytes, and other progenitors; (iii) resistance to tumour treatment, including radiotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy and possibly chemotherapy. Genetic abnormalities, mainly NF1 mutations, together with NF-κB transcriptional programs, are the main driver of acquiring mesenchymal-signature. This signature is far from being simply tissue artefacts, as it has been identified in single cell glioma, circulating tumour cells, and glioma stem cells that are released from the tumour micro-environment. All these together suggest that the mesenchymal signature in glioblastoma multiforme is induced and sustained via cell intrinsic mechanisms and tumour micro-environment factors. Although patients with the mesenchymal subtype tend to have poorer prognosis, they may have favourable response to immunotherapy and intensive radio- and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Behnan
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Duke Preclinical Translational Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabi Hanna
- Duke Preclinical Translational Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Lee SY, Hwang H, Kang YM, Kim H, Kim DG, Jeong JE, Kim JY, Yoo JS. SAAVpedia: Identification, Functional Annotation, and Retrieval of Single Amino Acid Variants for Proteogenomic Interpretation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:4133-4142. [PMID: 31612721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation genome sequencing has enabled the discovery of numerous disease- or drug-response-associated nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) that alter the amino acid sequences of a protein. Although several studies have attempted to characterize pathogenic nsSNVs, few have been confirmed as single amino acid variants (SAAVs) at the protein level. Here we developed the SAAVpedia platform to identify, annotate, and retrieve pathogenic SAAV candidates from proteomic and genomic data. The platform consists of four modules: SAAVidentifier, SAAVannotator, SNV/SAAVretriever, and SAAVvisualizer. The SAAVidentifier provides a reference database containing 18 206 090 SAAVs and performs the identification and quality assessment of SAAVs. The SAAVannotator provides functional annotation with biological, clinical, and pharmacological information for the interpretation of condition-specific SAAVs. The SNV/SAAVretriever module enables bidirectional navigation between relevant SAAVs and nsSNVs with diverse genomic and proteomic data. SAAVvisualizer provides various statistical plots based on functional annotations of detected SAAVs. To demonstrate the utility of SAAVpedia, the proteogenomic pipeline with protein-protein interaction network analysis was applied to proteomic data from breast cancer and glioblastoma patients. We identified 1326 and 12 breast-cancer- and glioblastoma-related genes that contained one or more SAAVs, including BRCA2 and FAM49B, respectively. SAAVpedia is a suitable platform for confirming whether a genomic variant is maintained in an amino acid sequence. Furthermore, as a result of the SAAV discovery of these positive controls, the SAAVpedia could play a key role in the protein functional study for the Human Proteome Project (HPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Youn Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis , Korea Basic Science Institute , 162 Yeongudaji-ro , Cheongju 28119 , Korea
| | - Heeyoun Hwang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis , Korea Basic Science Institute , 162 Yeongudaji-ro , Cheongju 28119 , Korea
| | - Young-Mook Kang
- Drug Information Platform Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , 141 Gajeong-ro , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis , Korea Basic Science Institute , 162 Yeongudaji-ro , Cheongju 28119 , Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Dong Geun Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis , Korea Basic Science Institute , 162 Yeongudaji-ro , Cheongju 28119 , Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jeong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis , Korea Basic Science Institute , 162 Yeongudaji-ro , Cheongju 28119 , Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis , Korea Basic Science Institute , 162 Yeongudaji-ro , Cheongju 28119 , Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis , Korea Basic Science Institute , 162 Yeongudaji-ro , Cheongju 28119 , Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
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24
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Zhang Y, Morris JS, Aerry SN, Rao AU, Baladandayuthapani V. RADIO-IBAG: RADIOMICS-BASED INTEGRATIVE BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLATFORM GENOMIC DATA. Ann Appl Stat 2019; 13:1957-1988. [PMID: 33224404 PMCID: PMC7678720 DOI: 10.1214/19-aoas1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Technological innovations have produced large multi-modal datasets that include imaging and multi-platform genomics data. Integrative analyses of such data have the potential to reveal important biological and clinical insights into complex diseases like cancer. In this paper, we present Bayesian approaches for integrative analysis of radiological imaging and multi-platform genomic data, wherein our goals are to simultaneously identify genomic and radiomic, i.e., radiology-based imaging markers, along with the latent associations between these two modalities, and to detect the overall prognostic relevance of the combined markers. For this task, we propose Radio-iBAG: Radiomics-based Integrative Bayesian Analysis of Multiplatform Genomic Data, a multi-scale Bayesian hierarchical model that involves several innovative strategies: it incorporates integrative analysis of multi-platform genomic data sets to capture fundamental biological relationships; explores the associations between radiomic markers accompanying genomic information with clinical outcomes; and detects genomic and radiomic markers associated with clinical prognosis. We also introduce the use of sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) to extract a sparse set of approximately orthogonal meta-features each containing information from a set of related individual radiomic features, reducing dimensionality and combining like features. Our methods are motivated by and applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma multiforme data set, where-in we integrate magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers along with genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data. Our model identifies important magnetic resonance imaging features and the associated genomic platforms that are related with patient survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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25
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Zhou W, Wahl DR. Metabolic Abnormalities in Glioblastoma and Metabolic Strategies to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091231. [PMID: 31450721 PMCID: PMC6770393 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor and is nearly universally fatal. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have had limited success in GBM, leaving surgery, alkylating chemotherapy and ionizing radiation as the standards of care. Like most cancers, GBMs rewire metabolism to fuel survival, proliferation, and invasion. Emerging evidence suggests that this metabolic reprogramming also mediates resistance to the standard-of-care therapies used to treat GBM. In this review, we discuss the noteworthy metabolic features of GBM, the key pathways that reshape tumor metabolism, and how inhibiting abnormal metabolism may be able to overcome the inherent resistance of GBM to radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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26
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Li Z, Zhou M, Cai Z, Liu H, Zhong W, Hao Q, Cheng D, Hu X, Hou J, Xu P, Xue Y, Zhou Y, Xu T. RNA-binding protein DDX1 is responsible for fatty acid-mediated repression of insulin translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:12052-12066. [PMID: 30295850 PMCID: PMC6294501 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism in pancreatic β cells underlying hyperlipidemia and insulin insufficiency remains unclear. Here, we find that the fatty acid-induced decrease in insulin levels occurs due to a decrease in insulin translation. Since regulation at the translational level is generally mediated through RNA-binding proteins, using RNA antisense purification coupled with mass spectrometry, we identify a novel insulin mRNA-binding protein, namely, DDX1, that is sensitive to palmitate treatment. Notably, the knockdown or overexpression of DDX1 affects insulin translation, and the knockdown of DDX1 eliminates the palmitate-induced repression of insulin translation. Molecular mechanism studies show that palmitate treatment causes DDX1 phosphorylation at S295 and dissociates DDX1 from insulin mRNA, thereby leading to the suppression of insulin translation. In addition, DDX1 may interact with the translation initiation factors eIF3A and eIF4B to regulate translation. In high-fat diet mice, the inhibition of insulin translation happens at an early prediabetic stage before the elevation of glucose levels. We speculate that the DDX1-mediated repression of insulin translation worsens the situation of insulin resistance and contributes to the elevation of blood glucose levels in obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Maoge Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaokui Cai
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongwan Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xihao Hu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pingyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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27
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Chemotherapeutic Stress Induces Transdifferentiation of Glioblastoma Cells to Endothelial Cells and Promotes Vascular Mimicry. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6107456. [PMID: 31316566 PMCID: PMC6604352 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor affecting adults, with a median survival of approximately 21 months. One key factor underlying the limited efficacy of current treatment modalities is the remarkable plasticity exhibited by GBM cells, which allows them to effectively adapt to changes induced by anticancer therapeutics. Moreover, GBM tumors are highly vascularized with aberrant vessels that complicate the delivery of antitumor agents. Recent research has demonstrated that GBM cells have the ability to transdifferentiate into endothelial cells (ECs), illustrating that GBM cells may use plasticity in concert with vascularization leading to the creation of tumor-derived blood vessels. The mechanism behind this transdifferentiation, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy induces time-dependent expression of markers for glioma stem cells (GSCs) and immature and mature ECs. In addition, GBM tumors growing as orthotopic xenografts in nude mice showed increased expression of GSC and EC markers after TMZ treatment. Ex vivo FACS analysis showed the presence of immature and mature EC populations. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased tumor-derived vessels in TMZ-recurrent tumors. Overall, this study identifies chemotherapeutic stress as a new driver of transdifferentiation of tumor cells to endothelial cells and highlights cellular plasticity as a key player in therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence.
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28
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Xia Y, Ye B, Ding J, Yu Y, Alptekin A, Thangaraju M, Prasad PD, Ding ZC, Park EJ, Choi JH, Gao B, Fiehn O, Yan C, Dong Z, Zha Y, Ding HF. Metabolic Reprogramming by MYCN Confers Dependence on the Serine-Glycine-One-Carbon Biosynthetic Pathway. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3837-3850. [PMID: 31088832 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MYCN amplification drives the development of neuronal cancers in children and adults. Given the challenge in therapeutically targeting MYCN directly, we searched for MYCN-activated metabolic pathways as potential drug targets. Here we report that neuroblastoma cells with MYCN amplification show increased transcriptional activation of the serine-glycine-one-carbon (SGOC) biosynthetic pathway and an increased dependence on this pathway for supplying glucose-derived carbon for serine and glycine synthesis. Small molecule inhibitors that block this metabolic pathway exhibit selective cytotoxicity to MYCN-amplified cell lines and xenografts by inducing metabolic stress and autophagy. Transcriptional activation of the SGOC pathway in MYCN-amplified cells requires both MYCN and ATF4, which form a positive feedback loop, with MYCN activation of ATF4 mRNA expression and ATF4 stabilization of MYCN protein by antagonizing FBXW7-mediated MYCN ubiquitination. Collectively, these findings suggest a coupled relationship between metabolic reprogramming and increased sensitivity to metabolic stress, which could be exploited as a strategy for selective cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies a MYCN-dependent metabolic vulnerability and suggests a coupled relationship between metabolic reprogramming and increased sensitivity to metabolic stress, which could be exploited for cancer therapy.See related commentary by Rodriguez Garcia and Arsenian-Henriksson, p. 3818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Xia
- Institute of Neural Regeneration and Repair and Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, China
| | - Bingwei Ye
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jane Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yajie Yu
- Institute of Neural Regeneration and Repair and Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, China
| | - Ahmet Alptekin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Puttur D Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- National Marine Bio-Resources and Information Center, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Chungchungnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bei Gao
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yunhong Zha
- Institute of Neural Regeneration and Repair and Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, China.
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Krichevsky AM, Uhlmann EJ. Oligonucleotide Therapeutics as a New Class of Drugs for Malignant Brain Tumors: Targeting mRNAs, Regulatory RNAs, Mutations, Combinations, and Beyond. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:319-347. [PMID: 30644073 PMCID: PMC6554258 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are rapidly progressive and often fatal owing to resistance to therapies and based on their complex biology, heterogeneity, and isolation from systemic circulation. Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor, has high mortality, and affects both children and adults. Despite significant advances in understanding the pathology, multiple clinical trials employing various treatment strategies have failed. With much expanded knowledge of the GBM genome, epigenome, and transcriptome, the field of neuro-oncology is getting closer to achieve breakthrough-targeted molecular therapies. Current developments of oligonucleotide chemistries for CNS applications make this new class of drugs very attractive for targeting molecular pathways dysregulated in brain tumors and are anticipated to vastly expand the spectrum of currently targetable molecules. In this chapter, we will overview the molecular landscape of malignant gliomas and explore the most prominent molecular targets (mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and genomic mutations) that provide opportunities for the development of oligonucleotide therapeutics for this class of neurologic diseases. Because malignant brain tumors focally disrupt the blood-brain barrier, this class of diseases might be also more susceptible to systemic treatments with oligonucleotides than other neurologic disorders and, thus, present an entry point for the oligonucleotide therapeutics to the CNS. Nevertheless, delivery of oligonucleotides remains a crucial part of the treatment strategy. Finally, synthetic gRNAs guiding CRISPR-Cas9 editing technologies have a tremendous potential to further expand the applications of oligonucleotide therapeutics and take them beyond RNA targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Krichevsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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30
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Suryaprakash S, Lao YH, Cho HY, Li M, Ji HY, Shao D, Hu H, Quek CH, Huang D, Mintz RL, Bagó JR, Hingtgen SD, Lee KB, Leong KW. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Nanomedicine Spheroid as an Active Drug Delivery Platform for Combinational Glioblastoma Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1701-1705. [PMID: 30773888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been increasingly applied to cancer therapy because of its tumor-tropic capability. However, short retention at target tissue and limited payload option hinder the progress of MSC-based cancer therapy. Herein, we proposed a hybrid spheroid/nanomedicine system, comprising MSC spheroid entrapping drug-loaded nanocomposite, to address these limitations. Spheroid formulation enhanced MSC's tumor tropism and facilitated loading of different types of therapeutic payloads. This system acted as an active drug delivery platform seeking and specifically targeting glioblastoma cells. It enabled effective delivery of combinational protein and chemotherapeutic drugs by engineered MSC and nanocomposite, respectively. In an in vivo migration model, the hybrid spheroid showed higher nanocomposite retention in the tumor tissue compared with the single MSC approach, leading to enhanced tumor inhibition in a heterotopic glioblastoma murine model. Taken together, this system integrates the merits of cell- and nanoparticle- mediated drug delivery with the tumor-homing characteristics of MSC to advance targeted combinational cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruthi Suryaprakash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Ha Yeun Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Dan Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Chai Hoon Quek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Dantong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Rachel L Mintz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Juli R Bagó
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Systems Biology , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
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31
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Rajakulendran N, Rowland KJ, Selvadurai HJ, Ahmadi M, Park NI, Naumenko S, Dolma S, Ward RJ, So M, Lee L, MacLeod G, Pasiliao C, Brandon C, Clarke ID, Cusimano MD, Bernstein M, Batada N, Angers S, Dirks PB. Wnt and Notch signaling govern self-renewal and differentiation in a subset of human glioblastoma stem cells. Genes Dev 2019; 33:498-510. [PMID: 30842215 PMCID: PMC6499328 DOI: 10.1101/gad.321968.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Rajakulendran et al. investigated the role of Wnt/βcatenin signaling in GBM stem cell renewal and fate decisions. They identify new contexts for Wnt modulation for targeting stem cell differentiation and self-renewal in GBM heterogeneity. Developmental signal transduction pathways act diversely, with context-dependent roles across systems and disease types. Glioblastomas (GBMs), which are the poorest prognosis primary brain cancers, strongly resemble developmental systems, but these growth processes have not been exploited therapeutically, likely in part due to the extreme cellular and genetic heterogeneity observed in these tumors. The role of Wnt/βcatenin signaling in GBM stem cell (GSC) renewal and fate decisions remains controversial. Here, we report context-specific actions of Wnt/βcatenin signaling in directing cellular fate specification and renewal. A subset of primary GBM-derived stem cells requires Wnt proteins for self-renewal, and this subset specifically relies on Wnt/βcatenin signaling for enhanced tumor burden in xenograft models. In an orthotopic Wnt reporter model, Wnthi GBM cells (which exhibit high levels of βcatenin signaling) are a faster-cycling, highly self-renewing stem cell pool. In contrast, Wntlo cells (with low levels of signaling) are slower cycling and have decreased self-renewing potential. Dual inhibition of Wnt/βcatenin and Notch signaling in GSCs that express high levels of the proneural transcription factor ASCL1 leads to robust neuronal differentiation and inhibits clonogenic potential. Our work identifies new contexts for Wnt modulation for targeting stem cell differentiation and self-renewal in GBM heterogeneity, which deserve further exploration therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishani Rajakulendran
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Katherine J Rowland
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hayden J Selvadurai
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Moloud Ahmadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Nicole I Park
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sergey Naumenko
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sonam Dolma
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ryan J Ward
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Milly So
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lilian Lee
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Graham MacLeod
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Clarissa Pasiliao
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Caroline Brandon
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ian D Clarke
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Mark Bernstein
- Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Nizar Batada
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Angers
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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32
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Activation of Dopamine Receptor 2 Prompts Transcriptomic and Metabolic Plasticity in Glioblastoma. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1982-1993. [PMID: 30651332 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1589-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal tumor types. Evidence continues to accrue indicating that the complex relationship between GBM and the brain microenvironment contributes to this malignant phenotype. However, the interaction between GBM and neurotransmitters, signaling molecules involved in neuronal communication, remains incompletely understood. Here we examined, using human patient-derived xenograft lines, how the monoamine dopamine influences GBM cells. We demonstrate that GBM cells express dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2), with elevated expression in the glioma-initiating cell (GIC) population. Stimulation of DRD2 caused a neuron-like hyperpolarization exclusively in GICs. In addition, long-term activation of DRD2 heightened the sphere-forming capacity of GBM cells, as well as tumor engraftment efficiency in both male and female mice. Mechanistic investigation revealed that DRD2 signaling activates the hypoxia response and functionally alters metabolism. Finally, we found that GBM cells synthesize and secrete dopamine themselves, suggesting a potential autocrine mechanism. These results identify dopamine signaling as a potential therapeutic target in GBM and further highlight neurotransmitters as a key feature of the pro-tumor microenvironment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work offers critical insight into the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the progression of GBM. We show that dopamine induces specific changes in the state of tumor cells, augmenting their growth and shifting them to a more stem-cell like state. Further, our data illustrate that dopamine can alter the metabolic behavior of GBM cells, increasing glycolysis. Finally, this work demonstrates that GBM cells, including tumor samples from patients, can synthesize and secrete dopamine, suggesting an autocrine signaling process underlying these results. These results describe a novel connection between neurotransmitters and brain cancer, further highlighting the critical influence of the brain milieu on GBM.
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33
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Tanaka K, Ikeda N, Miyashita K, Nuriya H, Hara T. DEAD box protein DDX1 promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through transcriptional activation of the LGR5 gene. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2479-2489. [PMID: 29869821 PMCID: PMC6113447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DDX1, a member of the DEAD box RNA helicase family, plays a critical role in testicular tumors. However, it remains to be clarified whether DDX1 is involved in other types of malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer. We disrupted the DDX1 gene in a human colorectal cancer cell line LoVo using the CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene‐targeting system. DDX1‐KO LoVo cells exhibited a much slower growth rate, produced fewer colonies in soft agar medium, and generated smaller solid tumors in nude mice than parental LoVo cells. Such phenotypes of the DDX1‐KO cells were mostly reversed by exogenous expression of DDX1. These results indicate that DDX1 is required for tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells. In the DDX1‐KO cells, the cancer stem cell marker genes LGR5, CD133, ALDH1 and SOX2 were markedly suppressed. Among them, expression of LGR5, which is essential for tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells, was restored in the DDX1‐transfected DDX1‐KO cells. Consistently, the DDX1‐KO cells lost sphere‐forming capacity in a DDX1‐dependent fashion. Reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that DDX1 directly bound to the −1837 to −1662 region of the enhancer/promoter region of the human LGR5 gene and enhanced its transcription in LoVo cells. Repression of LGR5 by DDX1 knockdown was observed in 2 other human colorectal cancer cell lines, Colo320 and SW837. These results suggest that LGR5 is a critical effector of DDX1 in colorectal cancer cells. The DDX1‐LGR5 axis could be a new drug target for this type of malignant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Tanaka
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Ikeda
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyashita
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideko Nuriya
- Core Technology and Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hara
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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González-Tablas M, Crespo I, Vital AL, Otero Á, Nieto AB, Sousa P, Patino-Alonso MC, Corchete LA, Tão H, Rebelo O, Barbosa M, Almeida MR, Guedes AF, Lopes MC, French PJ, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Prognostic stratification of adult primary glioblastoma multiforme patients based on their tumor gene amplification profiles. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28083-28102. [PMID: 29963263 PMCID: PMC6021328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several classification systems have been proposed to address genomic heterogeneity of glioblastoma multiforme, but they either showed limited prognostic value and/or are difficult to implement in routine diagnostics. Here we propose a prognostic stratification model for these primary tumors based on tumor gene amplification profiles, that might be easily implemented in routine diagnostics, and potentially improve the patients management. Gene amplification profiles were prospectively evaluated in 80 primary glioblastoma multiforme tumors using single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and the results obtained validated in publicly available data from 267/347 cases. Gene amplification was detected in 45% of patients, and chromosome 7p11.2 including the EGFR gene, was the most frequently amplified chromosomal region – either alone (18%) or in combination with amplification of DNA sequences in other chromosomal regions (10% of cases). Other frequently amplified DNA sequences included regions in chromosomes 12q(10%), 4q12(7%) and 1q32.1(4%). Based on their gene amplification profiles, glioblastomas were subdivided into: i) tumors with no gene amplification (55%); ii) tumors with chromosome 7p/EGFR gene amplification (with or without amplification of other chromosomal regions) (38%); and iii) glioblastoma multiforme with a single (11%) or multiple (6%) amplified DNA sequences in chromosomal regions other than chromosome 7p. From the prognostic point of view, these amplification profiles showed a significant impact on overall survival of glioblastoma multiforme patients (p>0.001). Based on these gene amplification profiles, a risk-stratification scoring system was built for prognostic stratification of glioblastoma which might be easily implemented in routine diagnostics, and potentially contribute to improved patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-Tablas
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Department of Medicine, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inês Crespo
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Vital
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Otero
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario e Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Nieto
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Sousa
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario e Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Luis Antonio Corchete
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hermínio Tão
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olinda Rebelo
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurology Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Filipa Guedes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - María Celeste Lopes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Department of Medicine, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Dolores Tabernero
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Department of Medicine, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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35
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Zou J, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Lu Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Dong B, Huang W, Li Y, Gao J, Shen L. Establishment and genomic characterizations of patient-derived esophageal squamous cell carcinoma xenograft models using biopsies for treatment optimization. J Transl Med 2018; 16:15. [PMID: 29370817 PMCID: PMC5785825 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma is the dominant type of esophageal cancer in China with many patients initially diagnosed at advanced stage. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models have been developed to be an important platform for preclinical research. This study aims to establish and characterize PDX models using biopsy tissue from advanced esophageal cancer patients to lay the foundation of preclinical application. Methods Fresh endoscopic biopsy tissues were harvested from patients with advanced esophageal cancer and implanted subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice. Then, the PDXs were serially passaged for up to four generations. Transplantation was analyzed and genomic characteristics of xenografts were profiled using next-generation sequencing. Results Twenty-five PDX models were established (13.3%, 25/188). The latency period was 75.12 ± 19.87 days (50–120 days) for the first passage and it decreased with increasing passaging. Other than tumor stages, no differences were found between transplantations of xenografts and patient characteristics, irrespective of chemotherapy. Histopathological features and chemosensitivity of PDXs were in great accordance with primary patient tumors. Each PDX was assessed for molecular characteristics including copy number variations, somatic mutations, and signaling pathway abnormalities and these were similar to patient results. Conclusions Our PDX models were established from real time biopsies and molecularly profiled. They might be promising for drug development and individualized therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1379-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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36
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Borisov N, Tkachev V, Suntsova M, Kovalchuk O, Zhavoronkov A, Muchnik I, Buzdin A. A method of gene expression data transfer from cell lines to cancer patients for machine-learning prediction of drug efficiency. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:486-491. [PMID: 29251172 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1417706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine implies that distinct treatment methods are prescribed to individual patients according several features that may be obtained from, e.g., gene expression profile. The majority of machine learning methods suffer from the deficiency of preceding cases, i.e. the gene expression data on patients combined with the confirmed outcome of known treatment methods. At the same time, there exist thousands of various cell lines that were treated with hundreds of anti-cancer drugs in order to check the ability of these drugs to stop the cell proliferation, and all these cell line cultures were profiled in terms of their gene expression. Here we present a new approach in machine learning, which can predict clinical efficiency of anti-cancer drugs for individual patients by transferring features obtained from the expression-based data from cell lines. The method was validated on three datasets for cancer-like diseases (chronic myeloid leukemia, as well as lung adenocarcinoma and renal carcinoma) treated with targeted drugs - kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib or sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Borisov
- a National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow , Russia.,b Department of R&D , First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow , Russia
| | - Victor Tkachev
- b Department of R&D , First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow , Russia.,c Department of R&D , OmicsWay Corporation, Walnut , CA , USA
| | - Maria Suntsova
- b Department of R&D , First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow , Russia.,d Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Moscow , Russia.,e Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology , Oncology and Immunology, Moscow , 117198 , Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- f Department of Biological Sciences , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , AB , Canada.,g Canada Cancer and Aging Research Laboratories , Lethbridge , AB , Canada
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- h Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Ilya Muchnik
- i Rutgers University , Hill Center, Busch Campus, Piscataway , NJ , USA
| | - Anton Buzdin
- a National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow , Russia.,b Department of R&D , First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow , Russia.,c Department of R&D , OmicsWay Corporation, Walnut , CA , USA.,d Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Moscow , Russia.,e Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology , Oncology and Immunology, Moscow , 117198 , Russia
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Prediction of Drug Efficiency by Transferring Gene Expression Data from Cell Lines to Cancer Patients. BRAVERMAN READINGS IN MACHINE LEARNING. KEY IDEAS FROM INCEPTION TO CURRENT STATE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99492-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Human-derived tumor models are becoming popular in the context of personalized medicine, but a new study shows that these models could be less representative of primary tumors than previously thought, particularly when using late passages.
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Patient-derived xenografts undergo mouse-specific tumor evolution. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1567-1575. [PMID: 28991255 PMCID: PMC5659952 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have become a prominent cancer model system, as they are presumed to faithfully represent the genomic features of primary tumors. Here we monitored the dynamics of copy number alterations (CNAs) in 1,110 PDX samples across 24 cancer types. We observed rapid accumulation of CNAs during PDX passaging, often due to selection of pre-existing minor clones. CNA acquisition in PDXs was correlated with the tissue-specific levels of aneuploidy and genetic heterogeneity observed in primary tumors. However, the particular CNAs acquired during PDX passaging differed from those acquired during tumor evolution in patients. Several CNAs recurrently observed in primary tumors gradually disappeared in PDXs, indicating that events undergoing positive selection in humans can become dispensable during propagation in mice. Importantly, the genomic stability of PDXs was associated with their response to chemotherapy and targeted drugs. These findings have important implications for PDX-based modeling of human cancer.
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Yang L, He K, Yan S, Yang Y, Gao X, Zhang M, Xia Z, Huang Z, Huang S, Zhang N. Metadherin/Astrocyte elevated gene-1 positively regulates the stability and function of forkhead box M1 during tumorigenesis. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:352-363. [PMID: 27923917 PMCID: PMC5464332 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is overexpressed and activates numerous oncoproteins in tumors. However, the mechanism by which the FOXM1 protein aberrantly accumulates in human cancer remains uncertain. This study was designed to clarify the upstream signaling pathway(s) that regulate FOXM1 protein stability and transcriptional activity. Methods Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation were performed to identify the FOXM-metadherin (MTDH) interaction. In vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays were conducted to test the effect of MTDH on FOXM1 stability. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine the involvement of MTDH in FOXM1 transcriptional activity. Cell invasion assays, tube formation assays, and in vivo tumor formation assays were performed to evaluate the cooperative activities of FOXM1 and MTDH during tumorigenesis. Results MTDH directly interacts with FOXM1 via the N-terminal inhibitory domain of MTDH, and this interaction disrupted the binding of cadherin-1 to FOXM1, thus protecting FOXM1 from subsequent proteasomal degradation. Deleting the MTDH-binding sites of FOXM1 abolished the MTDH overexpression-mediated stabilization of FOXM1. MTDH also bound to FOXM1 target gene promoters and enhanced FOXM1 transcriptional activity. MTDH knockdown destabilized FOXM1 and attenuated its transcriptional activity, consequently inhibiting cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and cancer cell invasion in vitro and in vivo; these effects were abolished via forced overexpression of a stabilized mutant form of FOXM1. Thus, MTDH stabilized FOXM1 and supported the sustained activation of FOXM1 target genes. Conclusion These findings highlight a novel MTDH-regulated mechanism of FOXM1 stabilization and provide profound insight into the tumorigenic events simultaneously mediated by FOXM1 and MTDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kejun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yibing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinya Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Maolei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhibo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengsong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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41
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Tran VM, Wade A, McKinney A, Chen K, Lindberg OR, Engler JR, Persson AI, Phillips JJ. Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans in Glioblastoma Promote Tumor Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1623-1633. [PMID: 28778876 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor of adults and confers a poor prognosis due, in part, to diffuse invasion of tumor cells. Heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans, present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, regulate cell signaling pathways and cell-microenvironment interactions. In GBM, the expression of HS glycosaminoglycans and the enzymes that regulate their function are altered, but the actual HS content and structure are unknown. However, inhibition of HS glycosaminoglycan function is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for some cancers. In this study, we use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to demonstrate differences in HS disaccharide content and structure across four patient-derived tumorsphere lines (GBM1, 5, 6, 43) and between two murine tumorsphere lines derived from murine GBM with enrichment of mesenchymal and proneural gene expression (mMES and mPN, respectively) markers. In GBM, the heterogeneous HS content and structure across patient-derived tumorsphere lines suggested diverse functions in the GBM tumor microenvironment. In GBM5 and mPN, elevated expression of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), an extracellular enzyme that alters ligand binding to HS, was associated with low trisulfated HS disaccharides, a substrate of SULF2. In contrast, other primary tumorsphere lines had elevated expression of the HS-modifying enzyme heparanase (HPSE). Using gene editing strategies to inhibit HPSE, a role for HPSE in promoting tumor cell adhesion and invasion was identified. These studies characterize the heterogeneity in HS glycosaminoglycan content and structure across GBM and reveal their role in tumor cell invasion.Implications: HS-interacting factors promote GBM invasion and are potential therapeutic targets. Mol Cancer Res; 15(11); 1623-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy M Tran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anna Wade
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew McKinney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Katharine Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Olle R Lindberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jane R Engler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anders I Persson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Sandler Neurosciences Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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42
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Wainwright DA, Horbinski CM, Hashizume R, James CD. Therapeutic Hypothesis Testing With Rodent Brain Tumor Models. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:385-392. [PMID: 28321824 PMCID: PMC5398994 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of rodent models for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics and approaches for treating brain tumors has been a mainstay of neuro-oncology preclinical research for decades, and is likely to remain so into the foreseeable future. These models serve as an important point of entry for analyzing the potential efficacy of experimental therapies that are being considered for clinical trial evaluation. Although rodent brain tumor models have seen substantial change, particularly since the introduction of genetically engineered mouse models, certain principles associated with the use of these models for therapeutic testing are enduring, and form the basis for this review. Here we discuss the most common rodent brain tumor models while directing specific attention to their usefulness in preclinical evaluation of experimental therapies. These models include genetically engineered mice that spontaneously or inducibly develop brain tumors; syngeneic rodent models in which cultured tumor cells are engrafted into the same strain of rodent from which they were derived; and patient-derived xenograft models in which human tumor cells are engrafted in immunocompromised rodents. The emphasis of this review is directed to the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Liu Z, Wang J, Li Y, Fan J, Chen L, Xu R. MicroRNA-153 regulates glutamine metabolism in glioblastoma through targeting glutaminase. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691429. [PMID: 28218035 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive manifestation of malignant gliomas and considered to be among the deadliest forms of human cancers. MicroRNAs are found to tightly regulate diverse biological processes and considered to play important roles in cancer etiology. In this study, we found that microRNA-153 was significantly downregulated in glioblastoma tissues compared to matched non-tumor tissues and in glioblastoma cell lines. To investigate the potential function of microRNA-153 in glioblastoma, we transfected glioblastoma cell line U87MG as well as U373MG with synthetic microRNA-153 oligos and observed decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. We further found that microRNA-153 restrained glutamine utilization and glutamate generation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that glutaminase, which catalyzed the formation of glutamate from glutamine, is the potential target of microRNA-153. Indeed, microRNA-153 cannot further reduce glutamine utilization when glutaminase was knocked down. Overexpression of glutaminase abrogates the effect of microRNA-153 on glutamine utilization. Furthermore, the relative expression of microRNA-153 and glutaminase in glioblastoma versus matched non-tumor tissues showed a reverse correlation, further indicating that microRNA-153 may negatively regulate glutaminase in vivo. These results demonstrate an unexpected role of microRNA-153 in regulating glutamine metabolism and strengthen the role of microRNA-153 as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Liu
- 1 Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjun Li
- 1 Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Fan
- 1 Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- 1 Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- 1 Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
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44
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Yamada A, Honma K, Mochizuki K, Goda T. BRD4 regulates fructose-inducible lipid accumulation-related genes in the mouse liver. Metabolism 2016; 65:1478-88. [PMID: 27621183 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fructose intake induces hepatic steatosis by activating fat synthesis. In this study, we searched for genes that showed acute induction in the livers of mice force-fed with fructose, and examined how this induction is regulated. MATERIALS/METHODS We identified genes induced at 6h after the fructose force-feeding using a microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Histone acetylation and an acetylated histone binding protein bromodomain containing (BRD)4 binding around the fructose-inducible genes were examined using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We examined whether (+)-JQ1, an inhibitor of the binding between the BRD4 and acetylated histones, inhibited the expressions of fructose-inducible genes, histone acetylation and BRD4 binding around the genes. RESULTS We identified upregulated genes related to lipid accumulation, such as Cyp8b1, Dak and Plin5, in mice force-fed with fructose compared with those force-fed with glucose. Acetylation of histones H3 and H4, and BRD4 binding around the transcribed region of those fructose-inducible genes, were enhanced by fructose force-feeding. Meanwhile, (+)-JQ1 treatment reduced expressions of fructose-inducible genes, histone acetylation and BRD4 binding around these genes. CONCLUSIONS Acute induction of genes related to lipid accumulation in the livers of mice force-fed with fructose is associated with the induction of histone acetylation and BRD4 binding around these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yamada
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazue Honma
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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LncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) reveal the potential roles of lncRNAs in GBM pathogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14537-14552. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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46
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Stangeland B, Mughal AA, Grieg Z, Sandberg CJ, Joel M, Nygård S, Meling T, Murrell W, Vik Mo EO, Langmoen IA. Combined expressional analysis, bioinformatics and targeted proteomics identify new potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26192-215. [PMID: 26295306 PMCID: PMC4694895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is both the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumor. It is thought that GBM stem cells (GSCs) are critically important in resistance to therapy. Therefore, there is a strong rationale to target these cells in order to develop new molecular therapies. To identify molecular targets in GSCs, we compared gene expression in GSCs to that in neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult human brain, using microarrays. Bioinformatic filtering identified 20 genes (PBK/TOPK, CENPA, KIF15, DEPDC1, CDC6, DLG7/DLGAP5/HURP, KIF18A, EZH2, HMMR/RHAMM/CD168, NOL4, MPP6, MDM1, RAPGEF4, RHBDD1, FNDC3B, FILIP1L, MCC, ATXN7L4/ATXN7L1, P2RY5/LPAR6 and FAM118A) that were consistently expressed in GSC cultures and consistently not expressed in NSC cultures. The expression of these genes was confirmed in clinical samples (TCGA and REMBRANDT). The first nine genes were highly co-expressed in all GBM subtypes and were part of the same protein-protein interaction network. Furthermore, their combined up-regulation correlated negatively with patient survival in the mesenchymal GBM subtype. Using targeted proteomics and the COGNOSCENTE database we linked these genes to GBM signalling pathways. Nine genes: PBK, CENPA, KIF15, DEPDC1, CDC6, DLG7, KIF18A, EZH2 and HMMR should be further explored as targets for treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Stangeland
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,SFI-CAST Biomedical Innovation Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Awais A Mughal
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zanina Grieg
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Jonsgar Sandberg
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mrinal Joel
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein Meling
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wayne Murrell
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar O Vik Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iver A Langmoen
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,SFI-CAST Biomedical Innovation Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Copy number alterations (CNA) are one of the driving mechanisms of glioma tumorigenesis, and are currently used as important biomarkers in the routine setting. Therefore, we performed CNA profiling of 65 astrocytomas of distinct malignant grades (WHO grade I–IV) of Brazilian origin, using array-CGH and microsatellite instability analysis (MSI), and investigated their correlation with TERT and IDH1 mutational status and clinico-pathological features. Furthermore, in silico analysis using the Oncomine database was performed to validate our findings and extend the findings to gene expression level. We found that the number of genomic alterations increases in accordance with glioma grade. In glioblastomas (GBM), the most common alterations were gene amplifications (PDGFRA, KIT, KDR, EGFR, and MET) and deletions (CDKN2A and PTEN). Log-rank analysis correlated EGFR amplification and/or chr7 gain with better survival of the patients. MSI was observed in 11% of GBMs. A total of 69% of GBMs presented TERT mutation, whereas IDH1 mutation was most frequent in diffuse (85.7%) and anaplastic (100%) astrocytomas. The combination of 1p19q deletion and TERT and IDH1 mutational status separated tumor groups that showed distinct age of diagnosis and outcome. In silico validation pointed to less explored genes that may be worthy of future investigation, such as CDK2, DMRTA1, and MTAP. Herein, using an extensive integrated analysis, we indicated potentially important genes, not extensively studied in gliomas, that could be further explored to assess their biological and clinical impact in astrocytomas.
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48
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Tateishi K, Iafrate AJ, Ho Q, Curry WT, Batchelor TT, Flaherty KT, Onozato ML, Lelic N, Sundaram S, Cahill DP, Chi AS, Wakimoto H. Myc-Driven Glycolysis Is a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4452-65. [PMID: 27076630 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulated Myc drives an oncogenic metabolic state, including pseudohypoxic glycolysis, adapted for the constitutive production of biomolecular precursors to feed rapid tumor cell growth. In glioblastoma, Myc facilitates renewal of the tumor-initiating cell reservoir contributing to tumor maintenance. We investigated whether targeting the Myc-driven metabolic state could be a selectively toxic therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The glycolytic dependency of Myc-driven glioblastoma was tested using (13)C metabolic flux analysis, glucose-limiting culture assays, and glycolysis inhibitors, including inhibitors of the NAD(+) salvage enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT), in MYC and MYCN shRNA knockdown and lentivirus overexpression systems and in patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres with and without MYC/MYCN amplification. The in vivo efficacy of glycolyic inhibition was tested using NAMPT inhibitors in MYCN-amplified patient-derived glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft mouse models. RESULTS Enforced Myc overexpression increased glucose flux and expression of glycolytic enzymes in glioblastoma cells. Myc and N-Myc knockdown and Myc overexpression systems demonstrated that Myc activity determined sensitivity and resistance to inhibition of glycolysis. Small-molecule inhibitors of glycolysis, particularly NAMPT inhibitors, were selectively toxic to MYC/MYCN-amplified patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres. NAMPT inhibitors were potently cytotoxic, inducing apoptosis and significantly extended the survival of mice bearing MYCN-amplified patient-derived glioblastoma orthotopic xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Myc activation in glioblastoma generates a dependency on glycolysis and an addiction to metabolites required for glycolysis. Glycolytic inhibition via NAMPT inhibition represents a novel metabolically targeted therapeutic strategy for MYC or MYCN-amplified glioblastoma and potentially other cancers genetically driven by Myc. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4452-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quan Ho
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maristela L Onozato
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Lelic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudhandra Sundaram
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Many cancers have similar aberrations in various signaling cascades with crucial roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Dysregulation of signal cascades that play integral roles during early cellular development is well known to be a central feature of many malignancies. One such signaling cascade is the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which has a profound effect on stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This pathway is dysregulated in numerous cell types, underscoring its global oncogenetic potential. This review highlights regulators and downstream effectors of this receptor cascade and addresses the increasingly apparent crosstalk of Wnt with other tumorigenic signaling pathways. As understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes unique to these malignancies increases, identifying the regulatory mechanisms unique to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and similarly aberrant receptor pathways will be imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saint-Aaron L Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Mitchell Building BSRB S3.8344, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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50
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Biobanking: An Important Resource for Precision Medicine in Glioblastoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:47-56. [PMID: 27837553 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas effort has generated significant interest in a new paradigm shift in tumor tissue analysis, patient diagnosis and subsequent treatment decision. Findings have highlighted the limitation of sole reliance on histology, which can be confounded by inter-observer variability. Such studies demonstrate that histologically similar grade IV brain tumors can be divided into four molecular subtypes based on gene expression, with each subtype demonstrating unique genomic aberrations and clinical outcome. These advances indicate that curative therapeutic strategies must now take into account the molecular information in tumor tissue, with the goal of identifying molecularly stratified patients that will most likely to receive treatment benefit from targeted therapy. This in turn spares non-responders from chemotherapeutic side effects and financial costs. In advancing clinical stage drug candidates, the banking of brain tumor tissue necessitates the acquisition of not just tumor tissue with clinical history and robust follow-up, but also high quality molecular information such as somatic mutation, transcriptomic and DNA methylation profiles which have been shown to predict patient survival independent of current clinical indicators. Additionally, the derivation of cell lines from such tumor tissue facilitates the development of clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft mouse models that can prospectively reform the tumor for further studies, yet have retrospective clinical history to associate bench and in vivo findings with clinical data. This represents a core capability of Precision Medicine where the focus is on understanding inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity so as to best tailor therapies that will result in improved treatment outcomes.
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